Một dịch giả phổ quát cho các bác sĩ phẫu thuật-Steven Schwaitzberg

A universal translator for surgeons - Steven Schwaitzberg

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so<00:00:16.480> I<00:00:16.560> want<00:00:16.640> to<00:00:16.800> talk<00:00:16.920> to<00:00:17.039> you<00:00:17.160> about<00:00:17.400> two so I want to talk to you about two so I want to talk to you about two things things things tonight<00:00:19.920> number<00:00:20.560> one<00:00:21.560> teaching<00:00:22.519> surgery<00:00:23.519> and tonight number one teaching surgery and tonight number one teaching surgery and doing<00:00:24.199> surgery<00:00:25.160> is<00:00:25.599> really doing surgery is really doing surgery is really hard<00:00:27.679> and<00:00:28.080> second<00:00:29.080> that<00:00:29.279> language<00:00:29.640> is<00:00:29.759> one<00:00:29.960> one hard and second that language is one one hard and second that language is one one of<00:00:30.160> the<00:00:30.279> most<00:00:30.519> profound<00:00:31.080> things<00:00:31.480> that of the most profound things that of the most profound things that separate<00:00:32.160> us<00:00:33.079> all<00:00:33.239> over<00:00:33.480> the<00:00:33.879> world<00:00:34.879> and<00:00:35.000> in<00:00:35.200> my separate us all over the world and in my separate us all over the world and in my little<00:00:35.640> corner<00:00:35.920> of<00:00:36.040> the<00:00:36.120> world<00:00:36.480> these<00:00:36.640> two little corner of the world these two little corner of the world these two things<00:00:36.960> are<00:00:37.239> actually<00:00:37.600> related<00:00:38.600> and<00:00:38.680> I<00:00:38.760> want things are actually related and I want things are actually related and I want to<00:00:39.000> tell<00:00:39.120> you<00:00:39.239> how to tell you how to tell you how tonight<00:00:41.360> now<00:00:42.360> nobody<00:00:43.280> wants<00:00:43.559> an<00:00:43.760> operation tonight now nobody wants an operation tonight now nobody wants an operation who<00:00:44.840> here<00:00:45.000> has<00:00:45.160> had who here has had who here has had surgery<00:00:48.280> did<00:00:48.440> you<00:00:48.600> want<00:00:48.800> it<00:00:49.440> keep<00:00:49.559> your<00:00:49.680> hands surgery did you want it keep your hands surgery did you want it keep your hands up<00:00:50.039> if<00:00:50.120> you<00:00:50.239> wanted<00:00:50.559> an<00:00:50.760> operation<00:00:51.239> nobody up if you wanted an operation nobody up if you wanted an operation nobody wants<00:00:51.719> an<00:00:52.320> operation<00:00:53.320> in<00:00:53.640> particular<00:00:54.640> nobody wants an operation in particular nobody wants an operation in particular nobody wants<00:00:55.239> an wants an wants an operation<00:00:57.120> with<00:00:57.320> tools<00:00:57.800> like<00:00:58.079> these<00:00:58.879> through operation with tools like these through operation with tools like these through large<00:00:59.480> incisions large incisions large incisions that<00:01:02.000> cause<00:01:02.199> a<00:01:02.320> lot<00:01:02.440> of that cause a lot of that cause a lot of pain<00:01:04.439> that<00:01:04.600> cause<00:01:04.920> a<00:01:05.040> lot<00:01:05.159> of<00:01:05.320> time<00:01:05.519> out<00:01:05.640> of pain that cause a lot of time out of pain that cause a lot of time out of work<00:01:06.000> or<00:01:06.159> out<00:01:06.280> of<00:01:06.479> school<00:01:07.439> that<00:01:07.600> leave<00:01:07.759> a<00:01:07.960> big work or out of school that leave a big work or out of school that leave a big scar<00:01:09.720> but<00:01:09.840> if<00:01:09.960> you<00:01:10.200> have<00:01:10.320> to<00:01:10.560> have<00:01:10.680> an scar but if you have to have an scar but if you have to have an operation<00:01:12.560> what<00:01:12.680> you<00:01:12.880> really<00:01:13.080> want<00:01:13.400> is<00:01:13.520> a operation what you really want is a operation what you really want is a minimally<00:01:14.040> invasive<00:01:14.520> operation<00:01:15.000> that's<00:01:15.119> what minimally invasive operation that's what minimally invasive operation that's what I<00:01:15.280> want<00:01:15.400> to<00:01:15.560> talk<00:01:15.680> to<00:01:15.799> you<00:01:16.119> about<00:01:16.400> tonight<00:01:17.400> how I want to talk to you about tonight how I want to talk to you about tonight how doing<00:01:18.000> and<00:01:18.159> teaching<00:01:18.640> this<00:01:18.840> type<00:01:19.000> of<00:01:19.159> surgery doing and teaching this type of surgery doing and teaching this type of surgery led<00:01:20.360> us<00:01:20.479> on<00:01:20.600> a<00:01:20.759> search<00:01:21.119> for<00:01:21.640> a<00:01:21.799> better led us on a search for a better led us on a search for a better Universal Universal Universal translator<00:01:24.280> now<00:01:24.439> this<00:01:24.600> type<00:01:24.720> of<00:01:24.840> surgery<00:01:25.159> is translator now this type of surgery is translator now this type of surgery is hard<00:01:26.479> and<00:01:26.600> it<00:01:26.759> starts<00:01:27.159> by<00:01:27.360> putting<00:01:27.680> people<00:01:27.880> to hard and it starts by putting people to hard and it starts by putting people to sleep<00:01:29.640> putting<00:01:30.079> carbon<00:01:30.360> dioxide<00:01:30.840> in<00:01:31.000> their sleep putting carbon dioxide in their sleep putting carbon dioxide in their abdomen<00:01:31.680> blowing<00:01:32.040> them<00:01:32.200> up<00:01:32.360> like<00:01:32.479> a<00:01:33.079> balloon abdomen blowing them up like a balloon abdomen blowing them up like a balloon sticking<00:01:34.520> one<00:01:34.640> of<00:01:34.799> these<00:01:35.000> sharp<00:01:35.360> pointy sticking one of these sharp pointy sticking one of these sharp pointy things<00:01:37.000> into<00:01:37.280> their things into their things into their abdomen<00:01:39.439> it's<00:01:39.680> dangerous abdomen it's dangerous abdomen it's dangerous stuff<00:01:42.960> and<00:01:43.119> taking stuff and taking stuff and taking instruments<00:01:45.439> and<00:01:45.600> watching<00:01:45.960> it<00:01:46.079> on<00:01:46.159> a<00:01:46.280> TV instruments and watching it on a TV instruments and watching it on a TV screen<00:01:46.880> so<00:01:47.000> let's<00:01:47.159> see<00:01:47.280> what<00:01:47.360> it<00:01:47.479> looks<00:01:48.240> like screen so let's see what it looks like screen so let's see what it looks like so<00:01:49.399> this<00:01:49.520> is<00:01:49.680> gallbladder<00:01:50.240> surgery<00:01:50.640> we so this is gallbladder surgery we so this is gallbladder surgery we perform<00:01:51.159> a<00:01:51.360> million<00:01:51.759> of<00:01:51.960> these<00:01:52.159> a<00:01:52.320> year<00:01:52.680> in<00:01:52.759> the perform a million of these a year in the perform a million of these a year in the United<00:01:53.240> States United States United States alone<00:01:55.079> this<00:01:55.200> is<00:01:55.360> the<00:01:55.479> real<00:01:55.680> thing<00:01:55.920> there's<00:01:56.079> no alone this is the real thing there's no alone this is the real thing there's no blood<00:01:58.119> and<00:01:58.240> you<00:01:58.360> can<00:01:58.520> see<00:01:58.840> how<00:01:59.119> focused<00:01:59.479> The blood and you can see how focused The blood and you can see how focused The Sur<00:02:00.200> are<00:02:01.000> how<00:02:01.119> much<00:02:01.360> concentration<00:02:02.039> it<00:02:02.200> takes Sur are how much concentration it takes Sur are how much concentration it takes you<00:02:02.600> can<00:02:02.719> see<00:02:02.840> it<00:02:02.920> in<00:02:03.039> their<00:02:03.320> faces<00:02:04.320> it's<00:02:04.520> hard you can see it in their faces it's hard you can see it in their faces it's hard to<00:02:04.920> teach<00:02:05.840> and<00:02:05.960> it's<00:02:06.200> not<00:02:06.439> all<00:02:06.640> that<00:02:06.799> easy<00:02:07.039> to

learn<00:02:10.560> we<00:02:10.679> do<00:02:10.879> about<00:02:11.160> five<00:02:11.400> million<00:02:11.720> of<00:02:11.879> these learn we do about five million of these learn we do about five million of these in<00:02:12.160> the<00:02:12.239> United<00:02:12.599> States<00:02:12.840> and<00:02:13.000> maybe<00:02:13.239> 20 in the United States and maybe 20 in the United States and maybe 20 million<00:02:13.760> of<00:02:13.959> these

worldwide<00:02:18.440> all<00:02:18.640> right<00:02:19.519> you've<00:02:19.720> all<00:02:19.840> heard worldwide all right you've all heard worldwide all right you've all heard this<00:02:20.440> the<00:02:20.599> term<00:02:21.239> he's<00:02:21.440> a<00:02:21.560> born<00:02:22.080> surgeon<00:02:23.080> let<00:02:23.200> me this the term he's a born surgeon let me this the term he's a born surgeon let me tell<00:02:23.599> you<00:02:24.200> surgeons<00:02:24.840> are<00:02:25.040> not<00:02:25.640> born<00:02:26.640> surgeons tell you surgeons are not born surgeons tell you surgeons are not born surgeons are<00:02:27.920> not<00:02:28.280> made<00:02:28.920> either are not made either are not made either we<00:02:30.800> have<00:02:30.920> no<00:02:31.040> little<00:02:31.239> tanks<00:02:31.640> where<00:02:31.800> we're we have no little tanks where we're we have no little tanks where we're making<00:02:32.480> surgeons<00:02:33.480> surgeons<00:02:33.879> are making surgeons surgeons are making surgeons surgeons are trained<00:02:36.440> one<00:02:36.680> step<00:02:36.959> at<00:02:37.040> a<00:02:37.239> time<00:02:38.239> it<00:02:38.400> starts trained one step at a time it starts trained one step at a time it starts with<00:02:38.879> a<00:02:39.440> foundation<00:02:40.440> basic<00:02:41.000> skills<00:02:42.000> we<00:02:42.159> build with a foundation basic skills we build with a foundation basic skills we build on<00:02:42.760> that<00:02:43.159> and<00:02:43.280> we<00:02:43.440> take<00:02:43.680> people<00:02:44.360> hopefully<00:02:45.360> to on that and we take people hopefully to on that and we take people hopefully to the<00:02:45.720> operating<00:02:46.120> room<00:02:46.360> where<00:02:46.480> they<00:02:46.599> learn<00:02:46.840> to the operating room where they learn to the operating room where they learn to be<00:02:47.080> an<00:02:47.280> assistant<00:02:48.120> then<00:02:48.239> we<00:02:48.360> teach<00:02:48.560> them<00:02:48.680> to<00:02:48.800> be be an assistant then we teach them to be be an assistant then we teach them to be a<00:02:49.000> surgeon<00:02:49.280> in<00:02:49.840> training<00:02:50.840> and<00:02:50.920> when<00:02:51.080> they<00:02:51.200> do a surgeon in training and when they do a surgeon in training and when they do all<00:02:51.680> of<00:02:51.879> that<00:02:52.080> for<00:02:52.280> about<00:02:52.599> five<00:02:52.840> years<00:02:53.560> they all of that for about five years they all of that for about five years they get<00:02:53.959> the<00:02:54.159> coveted<00:02:54.680> board get the coveted board get the coveted board certification<00:02:56.680> if<00:02:56.800> you<00:02:57.000> need<00:02:57.280> surgery<00:02:58.120> you certification if you need surgery you certification if you need surgery you want<00:02:58.400> to<00:02:58.519> be<00:02:58.680> operated<00:02:59.080> on<00:02:59.280> by<00:02:59.400> a<00:02:59.480> board want to be operated on by a board want to be operated on by a board certified<00:03:00.879> surgeon<00:03:01.879> you<00:03:02.040> get<00:03:02.159> your<00:03:02.360> board certified surgeon you get your board certified surgeon you get your board certificate<00:03:04.239> and<00:03:04.360> you<00:03:04.440> can<00:03:04.599> go<00:03:04.680> out<00:03:04.799> into certificate and you can go out into certificate and you can go out into practice<00:03:06.440> and<00:03:06.640> eventually<00:03:07.319> if<00:03:07.440> you're<00:03:07.599> lucky practice and eventually if you're lucky practice and eventually if you're lucky you<00:03:08.599> achieve you achieve you achieve Mastery<00:03:10.680> now<00:03:10.879> that<00:03:11.120> Foundation<00:03:11.760> is<00:03:12.120> so Mastery now that Foundation is so Mastery now that Foundation is so important<00:03:14.519> that<00:03:15.280> a<00:03:15.400> number<00:03:15.720> of<00:03:15.920> us<00:03:16.120> from<00:03:16.280> the important that a number of us from the important that a number of us from the largest<00:03:16.760> general<00:03:17.080> surgery<00:03:17.440> Society<00:03:17.799> in<00:03:17.879> the largest general surgery Society in the largest general surgery Society in the United<00:03:18.280> States United States United States sages<00:03:20.120> started<00:03:20.519> in<00:03:20.599> the<00:03:20.720> late<00:03:20.959> 1990s<00:03:21.720> a sages started in the late 1990s a sages started in the late 1990s a training<00:03:22.319> program<00:03:22.760> that<00:03:22.879> would<00:03:23.159> assure<00:03:24.159> that training program that would assure that training program that would assure that every<00:03:24.720> surgeon<00:03:25.159> who<00:03:25.360> practices<00:03:25.799> minimally every surgeon who practices minimally every surgeon who practices minimally invasive<00:03:26.599> surgery<00:03:27.400> would<00:03:27.599> have<00:03:27.720> a<00:03:28.040> strong invasive surgery would have a strong invasive surgery would have a strong Foundation<00:03:28.799> of<00:03:29.000> knowledge<00:03:30.200> and<00:03:30.760> skills Foundation of knowledge and skills Foundation of knowledge and skills necessary<00:03:32.319> to<00:03:32.480> go<00:03:32.599> on<00:03:32.720> and<00:03:32.879> do necessary to go on and do necessary to go on and do procedures<00:03:34.799> now<00:03:35.000> the<00:03:35.200> science<00:03:35.599> behind<00:03:36.040> this procedures now the science behind this procedures now the science behind this is<00:03:37.239> so<00:03:37.879> potent<00:03:38.879> that<00:03:39.000> it<00:03:39.200> became<00:03:39.640> required<00:03:40.640> by is so potent that it became required by is so potent that it became required by the<00:03:40.920> American<00:03:41.239> Board<00:03:41.480> of<00:03:41.599> surgery<00:03:42.319> in<00:03:42.439> order the American Board of surgery in order the American Board of surgery in order for<00:03:42.799> a<00:03:42.959> young<00:03:43.200> surgeon<00:03:43.599> to<00:03:43.760> become<00:03:43.959> board for a young surgeon to become board for a young surgeon to become board certified<00:03:45.560> it's<00:03:45.840> not<00:03:45.959> a<00:03:46.599> lecture<00:03:47.599> it's<00:03:47.840> not<00:03:48.040> a certified it's not a lecture it's not a certified it's not a lecture it's not a course<00:03:49.280> it's<00:03:49.640> all<00:03:49.840> of<00:03:50.159> that<00:03:51.000> plus<00:03:51.200> a<00:03:51.360> high course it's all of that plus a high course it's all of that plus a high stakes<00:03:52.400> assessment<00:03:53.400> it's stakes assessment it's stakes assessment it's hard<00:03:55.959> now<00:03:56.959> just<00:03:57.200> this<00:03:57.480> past<00:03:57.760> year<00:03:58.720> one<00:03:58.840> of<00:03:58.959> our hard now just this past year one of our hard now just this past year one of our partners<00:03:59.480> the<00:03:59.799> American<00:04:00.120> College<00:04:00.360> of partners the American College of partners the American College of Surgeons<00:04:01.439> teamed<00:04:01.799> up<00:04:01.959> with<00:04:02.079> us<00:04:02.239> to<00:04:02.360> make<00:04:02.519> an Surgeons teamed up with us to make an Surgeons teamed up with us to make an announcement<00:04:03.200> that<00:04:03.400> all<00:04:03.799> surgeons<00:04:04.799> should<00:04:05.000> be announcement that all surgeons should be announcement that all surgeons should be fls<00:04:05.920> certified<00:04:06.920> before<00:04:07.200> they<00:04:07.319> do<00:04:07.519> minimally fls certified before they do minimally fls certified before they do minimally invasive<00:04:08.560> surgery<00:04:09.560> and<00:04:09.680> are<00:04:09.799> we<00:04:09.959> talking invasive surgery and are we talking invasive surgery and are we talking about<00:04:10.439> just<00:04:10.599> people<00:04:10.840> here<00:04:10.959> in<00:04:11.120> the<00:04:11.200> US<00:04:11.439> and about just people here in the US and about just people here in the US and Canada<00:04:13.000> no<00:04:13.439> we<00:04:13.560> just<00:04:13.680> said<00:04:13.840> all<00:04:14.040> surgeons<00:04:15.040> so Canada no we just said all surgeons so Canada no we just said all surgeons so to<00:04:15.480> lift<00:04:16.479> this<00:04:16.799> Education<00:04:17.320> and<00:04:17.840> Training to lift this Education and Training to lift this Education and Training worldwide<00:04:19.639> is<00:04:19.759> a<00:04:20.000> very<00:04:20.199> large<00:04:20.600> task<00:04:21.239> something worldwide is a very large task something worldwide is a very large task something I'm<00:04:21.720> very<00:04:22.040> personally<00:04:22.440> excited<00:04:22.880> about<00:04:23.800> as<00:04:23.919> we I'm very personally excited about as we I'm very personally excited about as we travel<00:04:24.360> around<00:04:24.560> the<00:04:24.680> world<00:04:24.880> sages<00:04:25.320> does travel around the world sages does travel around the world sages does surgery<00:04:25.960> all<00:04:26.120> over<00:04:26.320> the<00:04:26.440> world<00:04:27.160> teaching<00:04:27.479> and surgery all over the world teaching and surgery all over the world teaching and educating<00:04:28.240> surgeons educating surgeons educating surgeons so<00:04:30.600> we<00:04:30.960> have<00:04:31.160> a<00:04:31.440> problem<00:04:31.759> and<00:04:31.880> one<00:04:32.000> of<00:04:32.120> the so we have a problem and one of the so we have a problem and one of the problems<00:04:32.600> is<00:04:33.320> distance<00:04:34.320> we<00:04:34.479> can't<00:04:34.720> travel problems is distance we can't travel problems is distance we can't travel everywhere<00:04:36.520> we<00:04:36.680> need<00:04:36.840> to<00:04:36.960> make<00:04:37.080> the<00:04:37.199> world<00:04:37.360> a everywhere we need to make the world a everywhere we need to make the world a smaller<00:04:37.960> place<00:04:38.919> and<00:04:39.039> I<00:04:39.160> think<00:04:39.320> that<00:04:39.479> we<00:04:39.560> can smaller place and I think that we can smaller place and I think that we can develop<00:04:40.080> some<00:04:40.280> tools<00:04:40.639> to<00:04:40.800> do<00:04:41.039> so<00:04:41.759> and<00:04:41.880> one<00:04:42.000> of develop some tools to do so and one of develop some tools to do so and one of the<00:04:42.199> tools<00:04:42.600> I<00:04:42.800> like<00:04:43.280> personally<00:04:44.280> is<00:04:44.440> using the tools I like personally is using the tools I like personally is using video<00:04:46.440> so<00:04:46.600> I<00:04:46.680> was<00:04:46.880> inspired<00:04:47.400> by<00:04:47.520> a<00:04:47.680> friend<00:04:48.160> this video so I was inspired by a friend this video so I was inspired by a friend this is<00:04:48.400> Alan<00:04:48.680> oranic<00:04:49.160> from<00:04:49.680> Toronto<00:04:50.680> and<00:04:50.880> he is Alan oranic from Toronto and he is Alan oranic from Toronto and he proved<00:04:52.800> that<00:04:52.919> you<00:04:53.039> could<00:04:53.280> actually<00:04:53.680> teach proved that you could actually teach proved that you could actually teach people<00:04:55.520> to<00:04:55.720> do<00:04:56.560> surgery<00:04:57.560> using<00:04:58.320> video people to do surgery using video people to do surgery using video conferencing<00:04:59.720> so<00:04:59.919> here's<00:05:00.160> Allan<00:05:00.919> teaching<00:05:01.320> an conferencing so here's Allan teaching an conferencing so here's Allan teaching an English<00:05:02.440> speaking<00:05:02.759> surgeon<00:05:03.199> in<00:05:03.560> Africa<00:05:04.560> these English speaking surgeon in Africa these English speaking surgeon in Africa these basic<00:05:05.360> fundamental<00:05:05.919> skills<00:05:06.440> necessary<00:05:06.880> to<00:05:07.080> do basic fundamental skills necessary to do basic fundamental skills necessary to do minimally<00:05:08.160> invasive<00:05:08.560> surgery<00:05:09.120> very minimally invasive surgery very minimally invasive surgery very inspiring<00:05:11.280> but<00:05:11.440> for<00:05:11.639> this<00:05:11.880> examination<00:05:12.600> which inspiring but for this examination which inspiring but for this examination which is<00:05:13.199> really is really is really hard<00:05:15.840> we<00:05:15.960> have<00:05:16.080> a hard we have a hard we have a problem<00:05:17.960> even<00:05:18.280> people<00:05:18.520> who<00:05:18.680> say<00:05:18.919> they<00:05:19.039> speak problem even people who say they speak problem even people who say they speak English<00:05:20.360> only<00:05:20.759> 14%<00:05:21.840> pass<00:05:22.840> because<00:05:23.080> for<00:05:23.280> them English only 14% pass because for them English only 14% pass because for them it's<00:05:23.600> not<00:05:23.759> a<00:05:23.840> surgery<00:05:24.280> test<00:05:25.280> it's<00:05:25.400> an<00:05:25.560> English it's not a surgery test it's an English it's not a surgery test it's an English test<00:05:28.520> let<00:05:28.600> me<00:05:28.720> bring<00:05:28.919> it<00:05:29.000> to<00:05:29.120> you<00:05:29.240> locally test let me bring it to you locally test let me bring it to you locally I<00:05:30.440> work<00:05:30.639> at<00:05:30.720> the<00:05:30.840> Cambridge<00:05:31.280> hospital<00:05:32.240> it's<00:05:32.400> a I work at the Cambridge hospital it's a I work at the Cambridge hospital it's a primary<00:05:33.160> Harvard<00:05:33.479> Medical<00:05:33.759> School<00:05:34.039> teaching primary Harvard Medical School teaching primary Harvard Medical School teaching facility<00:05:35.720> we<00:05:35.919> have<00:05:36.120> more<00:05:36.319> than<00:05:36.520> a<00:05:36.759> 100 facility we have more than a 100 facility we have more than a 100 translators<00:05:38.319> covering<00:05:38.800> 63<00:05:39.960> languages<00:05:40.960> and<00:05:41.080> we translators covering 63 languages and we translators covering 63 languages and we spend<00:05:41.639> millions<00:05:42.120> of<00:05:42.360> dollars<00:05:43.319> just<00:05:43.520> in<00:05:43.680> our spend millions of dollars just in our spend millions of dollars just in our little<00:05:44.280> hospital<00:05:45.280> it's<00:05:45.400> a<00:05:45.520> big<00:05:45.759> labor little hospital it's a big labor little hospital it's a big labor intensive<00:05:46.800> effort<00:05:47.800> if<00:05:47.919> you<00:05:48.120> think<00:05:48.360> about<00:05:48.680> the intensive effort if you think about the intensive effort if you think about the worldwide worldwide worldwide burden<00:05:51.560> of<00:05:51.720> trying<00:05:51.960> to<00:05:52.120> talk<00:05:52.280> to<00:05:52.440> your burden of trying to talk to your burden of trying to talk to your patients<00:05:53.080> not<00:05:53.240> just<00:05:53.400> teaching<00:05:53.759> surgeons<00:05:54.199> just patients not just teaching surgeons just patients not just teaching surgeons just trying<00:05:54.479> to<00:05:54.600> talk<00:05:54.720> to<00:05:54.840> your<00:05:55.319> patients<00:05:56.319> there trying to talk to your patients there trying to talk to your patients there aren't<00:05:56.720> enough<00:05:56.919> translators<00:05:57.479> in<00:05:57.600> the aren't enough translators in the aren't enough translators in the world<00:05:59.680> we<00:05:59.840> need<00:06:00.000> to<00:06:00.199> employ world we need to employ world we need to employ technology<00:06:02.479> to<00:06:02.759> assist<00:06:03.080> us<00:06:03.280> in<00:06:03.479> this technology to assist us in this technology to assist us in this Quest<00:06:05.479> at<00:06:05.600> our<00:06:05.840> hospital<00:06:06.240> we<00:06:06.360> see<00:06:06.599> everybody Quest at our hospital we see everybody Quest at our hospital we see everybody from<00:06:07.240> Harvard<00:06:07.639> professors<00:06:08.120> to<00:06:08.280> people<00:06:08.520> who from Harvard professors to people who from Harvard professors to people who just<00:06:08.840> got<00:06:09.000> here<00:06:09.280> last<00:06:09.720> week<00:06:10.720> and<00:06:10.880> you<00:06:11.080> have<00:06:11.360> no just got here last week and you have no just got here last week and you have no idea<00:06:12.039> how<00:06:12.199> hard<00:06:12.400> it<00:06:12.479> is<00:06:12.599> to<00:06:12.800> talk<00:06:12.960> to<00:06:13.120> somebody idea how hard it is to talk to somebody idea how hard it is to talk to somebody or<00:06:13.639> take<00:06:13.800> care<00:06:13.960> of<00:06:14.080> somebody<00:06:14.400> you<00:06:14.520> can't<00:06:14.759> talk or take care of somebody you can't talk or take care of somebody you can't talk to<00:06:16.199> and<00:06:16.319> there<00:06:16.520> isn't<00:06:16.919> always<00:06:17.240> a<00:06:17.400> translator to and there isn't always a translator to and there isn't always a translator available<00:06:19.960> so<00:06:20.120> we<00:06:20.240> need available so we need available so we need tools<00:06:22.880> we<00:06:23.000> need<00:06:23.160> a<00:06:23.280> universal tools we need a universal tools we need a universal translator<00:06:26.639> one<00:06:26.759> of<00:06:26.880> the<00:06:27.039> things<00:06:27.360> that<00:06:27.479> I<00:06:27.560> want translator one of the things that I want translator one of the things that I want to<00:06:27.840> leave<00:06:28.039> you<00:06:28.280> with to leave you with to leave you with as<00:06:30.000> you<00:06:30.120> think<00:06:30.319> about<00:06:30.599> this<00:06:30.840> talk<00:06:31.639> is<00:06:31.800> that as you think about this talk is that as you think about this talk is that this<00:06:32.319> talk<00:06:32.560> is<00:06:32.800> not<00:06:33.120> just<00:06:33.400> about<00:06:34.120> us<00:06:34.680> preaching this talk is not just about us preaching this talk is not just about us preaching to<00:06:35.280> the<00:06:35.880> world<00:06:36.880> it's<00:06:37.080> really<00:06:37.319> about<00:06:37.560> setting to the world it's really about setting to the world it's really about setting up<00:06:37.960> a<00:06:38.319> dialogue<00:06:39.319> we<00:06:39.479> have<00:06:39.599> a<00:06:39.720> lot<00:06:39.880> to<00:06:40.160> learn up a dialogue we have a lot to learn up a dialogue we have a lot to learn here<00:06:41.319> in<00:06:41.440> the<00:06:41.560> United<00:06:41.919> States<00:06:42.199> we<00:06:42.319> spend<00:06:42.680> more here in the United States we spend more here in the United States we spend more money<00:06:44.440> per<00:06:44.840> person<00:06:45.639> for<00:06:45.919> outcomes<00:06:46.440> that<00:06:46.520> are money per person for outcomes that are money per person for outcomes that are not<00:06:47.000> better<00:06:47.560> than<00:06:47.759> many<00:06:48.000> countries<00:06:48.360> in<00:06:48.520> the not better than many countries in the not better than many countries in the world<00:06:49.880> maybe<00:06:50.240> we<00:06:50.360> have<00:06:50.520> something<00:06:50.759> to<00:06:50.880> learn world maybe we have something to learn world maybe we have something to learn as as as well<00:06:53.160> so<00:06:53.360> I'm<00:06:53.680> passionate<00:06:54.080> about<00:06:54.319> teaching well so I'm passionate about teaching well so I'm passionate about teaching these<00:06:54.880> fls<00:06:55.599> skills<00:06:55.960> all<00:06:56.120> over<00:06:56.360> the<00:06:56.479> world<00:06:57.360> this these fls skills all over the world this these fls skills all over the world this past<00:06:57.759> year<00:06:57.919> I've<00:06:58.080> been<00:06:58.199> in<00:06:58.319> Latin<00:06:58.599> America past year I've been in Latin America past year I've been in Latin America been<00:06:59.759> in<00:06:59.919> China<00:07:00.840> talking<00:07:01.199> about<00:07:01.599> fundamentals been in China talking about fundamentals been in China talking about fundamentals of<00:07:02.400> laparoscopic<00:07:03.479> surgery<00:07:04.479> and<00:07:04.759> Everywhere<00:07:05.160> I of laparoscopic surgery and Everywhere I of laparoscopic surgery and Everywhere I Go<00:07:06.800> the<00:07:06.960> barrier<00:07:07.360> is<00:07:08.000> we<00:07:08.240> want Go the barrier is we want Go the barrier is we want this<00:07:10.120> but<00:07:10.280> we<00:07:10.400> need<00:07:10.599> it<00:07:10.759> in<00:07:10.879> our this but we need it in our this but we need it in our language<00:07:13.199> so<00:07:13.400> here's<00:07:13.599> what<00:07:13.720> we<00:07:13.840> think<00:07:13.960> we<00:07:14.080> want language so here's what we think we want language so here's what we think we want to<00:07:14.720> do<00:07:15.720> imagine<00:07:16.120> giving<00:07:16.360> a<00:07:16.680> lecture<00:07:17.680> and<00:07:17.840> being to do imagine giving a lecture and being to do imagine giving a lecture and being able<00:07:18.319> to<00:07:18.560> talk<00:07:18.759> to<00:07:19.000> people<00:07:19.319> in<00:07:19.479> their<00:07:19.759> own able to talk to people in their own able to talk to people in their own native<00:07:21.039> language<00:07:22.039> simultaneously<00:07:22.879> I<00:07:22.960> want<00:07:23.080> to native language simultaneously I want to native language simultaneously I want to talk<00:07:23.360> to<00:07:23.560> the<00:07:23.680> people<00:07:23.879> in<00:07:24.199> Asia<00:07:25.199> Latin<00:07:25.599> America talk to the people in Asia Latin America talk to the people in Asia Latin America Africa<00:07:27.479> Europe<00:07:28.479> seamlessly

accurately<00:07:33.280> and<00:07:33.440> in<00:07:33.599> a<00:07:33.800> cost<00:07:34.120> effective accurately and in a cost effective accurately and in a cost effective fashion<00:07:34.960> using fashion using fashion using technology<00:07:37.319> and<00:07:37.639> it<00:07:37.759> has<00:07:37.879> to<00:07:37.960> be technology and it has to be technology and it has to be bidirectional<00:07:39.039> they<00:07:39.160> have<00:07:39.280> to<00:07:39.360> be<00:07:39.440> able<00:07:39.639> to bidirectional they have to be able to bidirectional they have to be able to teach<00:07:39.960> us<00:07:40.160> something<00:07:40.520> as<00:07:40.720> well<00:07:41.720> it's<00:07:41.840> a<00:07:42.000> big teach us something as well it's a big teach us something as well it's a big task<00:07:43.199> so<00:07:43.319> we<00:07:43.479> looked<00:07:43.720> for<00:07:43.840> a<00:07:43.960> universal task so we looked for a universal task so we looked for a universal translator<00:07:45.000> I<00:07:45.080> thought<00:07:45.280> there<00:07:45.400> would<00:07:45.560> be<00:07:45.720> one translator I thought there would be one translator I thought there would be one out<00:07:46.120> there<00:07:46.560> your<00:07:46.800> web<00:07:47.080> page<00:07:47.360> has<00:07:47.560> Translation out there your web page has Translation out there your web page has Translation your<00:07:48.639> cell<00:07:48.919> phone<00:07:49.280> has your cell phone has your cell phone has translation<00:07:51.080> but<00:07:51.319> nothing<00:07:51.680> that's<00:07:51.960> good translation but nothing that's good translation but nothing that's good enough<00:07:53.159> to<00:07:53.479> teach<00:07:54.680> surgery<00:07:55.680> because<00:07:55.879> we<00:07:55.960> need enough to teach surgery because we need enough to teach surgery because we need a<00:07:56.280> lexicon<00:07:57.039> what<00:07:57.120> is<00:07:57.240> a<00:07:57.400> lexicon<00:07:58.159> a<00:07:58.319> lexicon<00:07:58.800> is a lexicon what is a lexicon a lexicon is a lexicon what is a lexicon a lexicon is a<00:07:59.080> body<00:07:59.720> words<00:08:00.199> that<00:08:00.479> describes<00:08:00.960> a<00:08:01.280> domain<00:08:02.280> I a body words that describes a domain I a body words that describes a domain I need<00:08:02.560> to<00:08:02.800> have<00:08:02.919> a<00:08:03.080> health<00:08:03.400> care<00:08:04.039> lexicon<00:08:05.039> and need to have a health care lexicon and need to have a health care lexicon and in<00:08:05.440> that<00:08:05.919> I<00:08:06.039> need<00:08:06.199> a<00:08:06.360> surgery in that I need a surgery in that I need a surgery lexicon<00:08:08.479> that's<00:08:08.639> a<00:08:08.800> tall<00:08:09.319> order<00:08:10.319> we<00:08:10.479> have<00:08:10.560> to lexicon that's a tall order we have to lexicon that's a tall order we have to work<00:08:10.919> at<00:08:11.400> it<00:08:12.400> so<00:08:12.560> let<00:08:12.639> me<00:08:12.759> show<00:08:12.879> you<00:08:13.039> what<00:08:13.120> we're work at it so let me show you what we're work at it so let me show you what we're doing<00:08:14.520> this<00:08:14.639> is<00:08:14.879> research<00:08:15.560> can't<00:08:15.800> buy<00:08:16.000> it doing this is research can't buy it doing this is research can't buy it we're<00:08:16.960> working<00:08:17.240> with<00:08:17.360> the<00:08:17.479> folks<00:08:17.720> at<00:08:17.879> IBM we're working with the folks at IBM we're working with the folks at IBM research<00:08:19.199> from<00:08:19.440> the<00:08:19.639> accessibility<00:08:20.319> Center research from the accessibility Center research from the accessibility Center to<00:08:21.080> string<00:08:21.639> together<00:08:22.000> Technologies<00:08:23.000> to<00:08:23.199> work to string together Technologies to work to string together Technologies to work towards<00:08:23.879> the<00:08:24.039> universal towards the universal towards the universal translator<00:08:26.199> it<00:08:26.319> starts<00:08:26.599> with<00:08:26.720> a<00:08:26.879> framework translator it starts with a framework translator it starts with a framework system<00:08:28.520> where<00:08:28.680> with<00:08:28.840> a<00:08:28.960> surgeon<00:08:29.520> delivers<00:08:29.879> the system where with a surgeon delivers the system where with a surgeon delivers the lecture<00:08:30.879> using<00:08:31.280> a<00:08:31.800> framework<00:08:32.240> of<00:08:32.479> captioning lecture using a framework of captioning lecture using a framework of captioning technology<00:08:34.719> we<00:08:34.919> then<00:08:35.080> add<00:08:35.360> another technology we then add another technology we then add another technology<00:08:36.479> to<00:08:36.599> do<00:08:36.800> video technology to do video technology to do video conferencing<00:08:38.680> but<00:08:38.800> we<00:08:38.919> don't<00:08:39.080> have<00:08:39.240> the<00:08:39.360> words conferencing but we don't have the words conferencing but we don't have the words yet<00:08:39.919> so<00:08:40.080> we<00:08:40.200> add<00:08:40.320> a<00:08:40.519> third yet so we add a third yet so we add a third technology<00:08:42.560> and<00:08:42.760> now<00:08:43.000> we've<00:08:43.240> got<00:08:43.440> the<00:08:43.640> words technology and now we've got the words technology and now we've got the words and<00:08:44.760> we<00:08:44.839> can<00:08:45.040> apply<00:08:45.519> the<00:08:45.720> Special and we can apply the Special and we can apply the Special Sauce<00:08:47.640> the<00:08:48.200> translation<00:08:49.200> we<00:08:49.320> get<00:08:49.480> the<00:08:49.600> words Sauce the translation we get the words Sauce the translation we get the words up<00:08:50.320> in<00:08:50.440> a<00:08:50.839> window<00:08:51.839> and<00:08:52.000> then<00:08:52.200> apply<00:08:52.519> the<00:08:52.720> magic up in a window and then apply the magic up in a window and then apply the magic we<00:08:53.640> work<00:08:53.760> with<00:08:53.920> the<00:08:54.120> fourth we work with the fourth we work with the fourth technology<00:08:56.320> and<00:08:56.480> we<00:08:56.760> currently<00:08:57.240> have<00:08:57.480> access technology and we currently have access technology and we currently have access to<00:08:57.959> 11<00:08:58.320> language<00:08:58.720> pairs<00:08:59.600> more<00:08:59.800> to<00:09:00.000> come<00:09:00.839> as<00:09:01.000> we to 11 language pairs more to come as we to 11 language pairs more to come as we think<00:09:01.920> about<00:09:02.320> trying<00:09:02.519> to<00:09:02.640> make<00:09:02.800> the<00:09:02.880> world<00:09:03.079> a think about trying to make the world a think about trying to make the world a smaller<00:09:03.760> place<00:09:04.600> and<00:09:04.720> I'd<00:09:04.920> like<00:09:05.040> to<00:09:05.160> show<00:09:05.399> you smaller place and I'd like to show you smaller place and I'd like to show you our<00:09:06.600> prototype<00:09:07.600> of<00:09:07.720> stringing<00:09:08.279> all<00:09:08.440> of<00:09:08.640> these our prototype of stringing all of these our prototype of stringing all of these technologies<00:09:09.880> that<00:09:10.000> don't<00:09:10.279> necessarily technologies that don't necessarily technologies that don't necessarily always<00:09:11.079> talk<00:09:11.279> to<00:09:11.440> each<00:09:11.600> other<00:09:12.040> to<00:09:12.200> become always talk to each other to become always talk to each other to become something something something useful<00:09:15.399> fundamentals<00:09:16.120> of<00:09:16.360> laparoscopic useful fundamentals of laparoscopic useful fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery<00:09:19.200> module<00:09:19.839> five<00:09:20.399> manual<00:09:20.920> Skills surgery module five manual Skills surgery module five manual Skills Practice<00:09:23.680> students<00:09:24.240> May<00:09:24.560> display Practice students May display Practice students May display captions<00:09:26.720> in<00:09:26.959> their<00:09:27.240> native<00:09:27.720> language captions in their native language captions in their native language if<00:09:30.440> you're<00:09:30.600> in<00:09:30.800> Latin<00:09:31.120> America<00:09:31.720> you<00:09:31.920> click<00:09:32.120> I if you're in Latin America you click I if you're in Latin America you click I want<00:09:32.440> it<00:09:32.600> in<00:09:32.760> Spanish<00:09:33.279> button<00:09:34.279> and<00:09:34.480> out<00:09:34.760> ites want it in Spanish button and out ites want it in Spanish button and out ites in<00:09:35.640> real<00:09:35.959> time<00:09:36.240> in<00:09:36.440> Spanish<00:09:37.440> but<00:09:37.560> if<00:09:37.640> you in real time in Spanish but if you in real time in Spanish but if you happen<00:09:38.000> to<00:09:38.079> be<00:09:38.200> sitting<00:09:38.480> in<00:09:38.600> Beijing<00:09:39.079> at<00:09:39.200> the happen to be sitting in Beijing at the happen to be sitting in Beijing at the same<00:09:39.680> time<00:09:40.440> by<00:09:40.600> using<00:09:41.079> technology<00:09:42.000> in<00:09:42.120> a same time by using technology in a same time by using technology in a constructive<00:09:42.959> fashion<00:09:43.959> you<00:09:44.079> could<00:09:44.240> get<00:09:44.360> it<00:09:44.480> in constructive fashion you could get it in constructive fashion you could get it in Mandarin<00:09:45.200> or<00:09:45.399> you<00:09:45.519> could<00:09:45.680> get<00:09:45.760> it<00:09:45.880> in<00:09:46.160> Russian Mandarin or you could get it in Russian Mandarin or you could get it in Russian on<00:09:47.440> and<00:09:47.680> on<00:09:47.920> and<00:09:48.120> on<00:09:48.920> simultaneously<00:09:49.920> without on and on and on simultaneously without on and on and on simultaneously without the<00:09:50.360> use<00:09:50.560> of<00:09:50.720> human the use of human the use of human translators<00:09:52.959> but<00:09:53.120> that's<00:09:53.360> the<00:09:53.519> lectures<00:09:54.480> if translators but that's the lectures if translators but that's the lectures if you<00:09:54.800> remember<00:09:55.160> what<00:09:55.279> I<00:09:55.399> told<00:09:55.600> you<00:09:55.760> about<00:09:55.959> fls you remember what I told you about fls you remember what I told you about fls at<00:09:56.519> the<00:09:56.680> beginning<00:09:57.399> it's<00:09:57.839> knowledge<00:09:58.839> and at the beginning it's knowledge and at the beginning it's knowledge and skill skill skill SKS<00:10:01.000> the<00:10:01.200> difference<00:10:01.519> in<00:10:01.640> an<00:10:01.880> operation SKS the difference in an operation SKS the difference in an operation between<00:10:03.040> doing<00:10:03.399> something between doing something between doing something successfully<00:10:06.360> and<00:10:06.600> not<00:10:07.240> may<00:10:07.440> be<00:10:07.560> moving<00:10:07.880> your successfully and not may be moving your successfully and not may be moving your hand<00:10:08.680> this hand this hand this much<00:10:10.720> so<00:10:10.880> we're<00:10:11.079> going<00:10:11.200> to<00:10:11.320> take<00:10:11.440> it<00:10:11.600> one<00:10:11.880> step much so we're going to take it one step much so we're going to take it one step further<00:10:12.959> we<00:10:13.320> brought<00:10:13.600> my<00:10:13.760> friend<00:10:14.040> Allan<00:10:14.480> back further we brought my friend Allan back further we brought my friend Allan back today<00:10:15.880> we're<00:10:16.120> going<00:10:16.279> to<00:10:16.560> practice

suturing<00:10:20.320> this<00:10:20.440> is<00:10:20.640> how<00:10:20.800> you<00:10:20.959> hold<00:10:21.240> the suturing this is how you hold the suturing this is how you hold the needle<00:10:22.920> grab<00:10:23.320> the<00:10:23.440> needle<00:10:24.000> at<00:10:24.160> the

tip<00:10:28.399> it's<00:10:28.640> important<00:10:28.959> to<00:10:29.079> be<00:10:29.720> accurate<00:10:30.720> aim tip it's important to be accurate aim tip it's important to be accurate aim for<00:10:31.279> the<00:10:31.600> black for the black for the black dots<00:10:34.120> Orient<00:10:34.640> your<00:10:34.880> Loop<00:10:35.440> this dots Orient your Loop this dots Orient your Loop this way<00:10:37.760> now<00:10:38.040> go<00:10:38.200> ahead<00:10:38.440> and

cut<00:10:42.480> very<00:10:42.760> good<00:10:43.040> Oscar<00:10:44.040> I'll<00:10:44.200> see<00:10:44.360> you<00:10:44.560> next cut very good Oscar I'll see you next cut very good Oscar I'll see you next week<00:10:46.880> so<00:10:47.120> that's<00:10:47.360> what<00:10:47.480> we're<00:10:47.680> working<00:10:48.000> on<00:10:48.760> and week so that's what we're working on and week so that's what we're working on and our<00:10:49.160> quest<00:10:49.480> for<00:10:49.639> the<00:10:49.760> universal our quest for the universal our quest for the universal translator<00:10:51.839> we<00:10:52.000> want<00:10:52.160> it<00:10:52.320> to<00:10:52.399> be translator we want it to be translator we want it to be bidirectional<00:10:54.440> we<00:10:54.600> have<00:10:54.720> a<00:10:54.839> need<00:10:55.079> to<00:10:55.279> learn<00:10:56.160> as bidirectional we have a need to learn as bidirectional we have a need to learn as well<00:10:56.519> as<00:10:56.639> to<00:10:57.320> teach<00:10:58.320> I<00:10:58.399> can<00:10:58.639> think<00:10:58.800> of<00:10:59.000> a well as to teach I can think of a well as to teach I can think of a million<00:10:59.959> uses<00:11:00.399> for<00:11:00.560> a<00:11:00.680> tool<00:11:01.040> like<00:11:01.720> this<00:11:02.720> as<00:11:02.839> we million uses for a tool like this as we million uses for a tool like this as we think<00:11:03.160> about<00:11:03.440> intersecting<00:11:04.320> Technologies think about intersecting Technologies think about intersecting Technologies everybody<00:11:05.360> has<00:11:05.480> a<00:11:05.639> cell<00:11:05.839> phone<00:11:06.079> with<00:11:06.200> a<00:11:06.639> camera everybody has a cell phone with a camera everybody has a cell phone with a camera we<00:11:07.760> could<00:11:07.920> use<00:11:08.200> this<00:11:08.399> everywhere<00:11:09.000> whether<00:11:09.200> it we could use this everywhere whether it we could use this everywhere whether it be<00:11:09.519> health<00:11:09.839> care<00:11:10.720> patient<00:11:11.160> care<00:11:12.120> engineering be health care patient care engineering be health care patient care engineering law<00:11:13.320> conferencing<00:11:14.240> translating<00:11:15.279> videos<00:11:16.279> this law conferencing translating videos this law conferencing translating videos this is<00:11:16.680> ubiquitous<00:11:17.720> tool<00:11:18.720> in<00:11:18.880> order<00:11:19.200> to<00:11:19.360> break is ubiquitous tool in order to break is ubiquitous tool in order to break down<00:11:19.760> our<00:11:19.959> barriers<00:11:20.360> we<00:11:20.480> have<00:11:20.560> to<00:11:20.639> learn<00:11:20.839> to down our barriers we have to learn to down our barriers we have to learn to talk<00:11:21.160> to<00:11:21.360> people<00:11:22.200> to talk to people to talk to people to demand<00:11:24.279> that<00:11:24.480> people<00:11:24.680> work<00:11:24.880> on demand that people work on demand that people work on translation<00:11:26.720> we<00:11:26.839> need<00:11:27.000> it<00:11:27.120> for<00:11:27.279> our<00:11:27.480> everyday translation we need it for our everyday translation we need it for our everyday life<00:11:28.800> in<00:11:28.920> order<00:11:29.320> to<00:11:29.440> make<00:11:29.600> the<00:11:29.680> world<00:11:29.880> a life in order to make the world a life in order to make the world a smaller<00:11:30.760> place<00:11:31.760> thank<00:11:31.920> you<00:11:32.079> very<00:11:32.279> much smaller place thank you very much smaller place thank you very much [Applause] [Applause] [Applause] [Music]

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