The secret of the bat genome - Emma Teeling
[Music]
[Music]
what<00:00:15.759> I<00:00:15.879> want<00:00:16.119> you<00:00:16.279> all<00:00:16.440> to<00:00:16.600> do<00:00:16.960> right<00:00:17.199> now<00:00:18.080> is
what I want you all to do right now is
what I want you all to do right now is
to<00:00:18.480> think<00:00:18.920> of<00:00:19.240> this<00:00:19.480> mammal<00:00:20.000> that<00:00:20.160> I'm<00:00:20.320> going
to think of this mammal that I'm going
to think of this mammal that I'm going
to<00:00:20.720> describe<00:00:21.160> to<00:00:21.640> you<00:00:22.640> the<00:00:22.800> first<00:00:23.039> thing<00:00:23.199> I'm
to describe to you the first thing I'm
to describe to you the first thing I'm
going<00:00:23.480> to<00:00:23.640> tell<00:00:23.840> you<00:00:24.160> about<00:00:24.439> this<00:00:24.599> mammal<00:00:25.439> is
going to tell you about this mammal is
going to tell you about this mammal is
that<00:00:25.760> it<00:00:25.880> is<00:00:26.160> essential<00:00:26.679> for<00:00:26.880> our<00:00:27.160> ecosystems
that it is essential for our ecosystems
that it is essential for our ecosystems
to<00:00:28.240> function<00:00:28.960> correctly<00:00:30.039> if<00:00:30.160> we<00:00:30.359> remove<00:00:30.880> this
to function correctly if we remove this
to function correctly if we remove this
mammal<00:00:31.439> from<00:00:31.560> our<00:00:31.800> ecosystems<00:00:32.800> they<00:00:33.079> simply
mammal from our ecosystems they simply
mammal from our ecosystems they simply
will<00:00:34.000> not<00:00:34.640> work<00:00:35.640> that's<00:00:35.800> the<00:00:35.960> first<00:00:36.680> thing<00:00:37.680> the
will not work that's the first thing the
will not work that's the first thing the
second<00:00:38.360> thing<00:00:38.960> is<00:00:39.120> that<00:00:39.320> due<00:00:39.520> to<00:00:39.719> the<00:00:39.960> unique
second thing is that due to the unique
second thing is that due to the unique
sensory<00:00:41.520> abilities<00:00:42.520> of<00:00:42.760> this<00:00:43.039> mammal<00:00:44.039> if<00:00:44.239> we
sensory abilities of this mammal if we
sensory abilities of this mammal if we
study<00:00:45.280> this<00:00:45.480> mammal<00:00:46.039> we're<00:00:46.199> going<00:00:46.320> to<00:00:46.440> get
study this mammal we're going to get
study this mammal we're going to get
great<00:00:47.160> insight<00:00:48.120> into<00:00:48.879> our<00:00:49.239> diseases<00:00:49.960> of<00:00:50.160> the
great insight into our diseases of the
great insight into our diseases of the
senses<00:00:51.280> such<00:00:51.480> as<00:00:51.680> blindness<00:00:52.680> and
senses such as blindness and
senses such as blindness and
deafness<00:00:54.600> and<00:00:54.719> the<00:00:55.000> third<00:00:55.840> really<00:00:56.320> intriguing
deafness and the third really intriguing
deafness and the third really intriguing
aspect<00:00:57.800> of<00:00:58.000> this<00:00:58.199> mammal<00:00:59.160> is<00:00:59.320> that<00:00:59.640> I<00:01:00.320> fully
aspect of this mammal is that I fully
aspect of this mammal is that I fully
believe<00:01:01.920> that<00:01:02.079> the<00:01:02.239> secret<00:01:02.719> of<00:01:02.920> everlasting
believe that the secret of everlasting
believe that the secret of everlasting
youth<00:01:04.479> lies<00:01:04.960> deep<00:01:05.720> within<00:01:06.159> its
youth lies deep within its
youth lies deep within its
DNA<00:01:08.280> so<00:01:08.479> are<00:01:08.600> you<00:01:08.720> all
DNA so are you all
DNA so are you all
thinking
thinking
thinking
so<00:01:13.520> magnificent<00:01:14.159> creature<00:01:14.560> isn't<00:01:15.119> it<00:01:16.119> who
so magnificent creature isn't it who
so magnificent creature isn't it who
here<00:01:17.240> thought<00:01:17.520> of<00:01:17.640> a
here thought of a
here thought of a
bat<00:01:20.000> H<00:01:20.159> I<00:01:20.240> can<00:01:20.360> see<00:01:20.720> half<00:01:20.920> the<00:01:21.079> audience<00:01:21.479> agrees
bat H I can see half the audience agrees
bat H I can see half the audience agrees
with<00:01:22.000> me<00:01:22.159> and<00:01:22.240> I<00:01:22.360> have<00:01:22.479> a<00:01:22.560> lot<00:01:22.680> of<00:01:22.799> work<00:01:22.960> to<00:01:23.079> do
with me and I have a lot of work to do
with me and I have a lot of work to do
to<00:01:23.400> convince<00:01:23.720> the<00:01:23.880> rest<00:01:24.079> of<00:01:24.439> you<00:01:25.439> so<00:01:25.720> I<00:01:25.840> have
to convince the rest of you so I have
to convince the rest of you so I have
had<00:01:26.159> the<00:01:26.320> Good<00:01:26.560> Fortune<00:01:27.479> for<00:01:27.759> the<00:01:28.079> past<00:01:28.680> 20
had the Good Fortune for the past 20
had the Good Fortune for the past 20
years<00:01:29.479> to<00:01:29.920> study<00:01:30.240> these<00:01:30.600> fascinating<00:01:31.439> and
years to study these fascinating and
years to study these fascinating and
beautiful
beautiful
beautiful
mammals<00:01:34.200> 1if<00:01:34.960> of<00:01:35.079> all<00:01:35.360> living<00:01:35.680> mammals<00:01:36.399> is<00:01:36.520> a
mammals 1if of all living mammals is a
mammals 1if of all living mammals is a
bat<00:01:37.960> and<00:01:38.079> they<00:01:38.200> have<00:01:38.399> very<00:01:38.640> unique<00:01:39.640> attributes
bat and they have very unique attributes
bat and they have very unique attributes
bats<00:01:41.159> as<00:01:41.280> we<00:01:41.399> know<00:01:41.680> them<00:01:41.920> have<00:01:42.079> been<00:01:42.280> around<00:01:42.640> on
bats as we know them have been around on
bats as we know them have been around on
this<00:01:43.000> planet<00:01:43.360> for<00:01:43.600> about<00:01:43.920> 64<00:01:44.920> million
this planet for about 64 million
this planet for about 64 million
years<00:01:47.640> one<00:01:47.759> of<00:01:47.920> the<00:01:48.079> most<00:01:48.360> unique<00:01:48.920> things<00:01:49.360> that
years one of the most unique things that
years one of the most unique things that
bats<00:01:50.040> do<00:01:50.799> as<00:01:50.960> a<00:01:51.119> mammal<00:01:51.600> is<00:01:51.719> that<00:01:51.920> they<00:01:52.560> fly<00:01:53.560> now
bats do as a mammal is that they fly now
bats do as a mammal is that they fly now
flight<00:01:54.600> is<00:01:54.719> an<00:01:54.880> inherently<00:01:55.680> difficult<00:01:55.920> thing
flight is an inherently difficult thing
flight is an inherently difficult thing
flight<00:01:57.240> within<00:01:57.600> vertebrates<00:01:58.560> has<00:01:58.719> only
flight within vertebrates has only
flight within vertebrates has only
involved<00:01:59.840> three<00:02:00.119> times<00:02:00.920> once<00:02:01.159> in<00:02:01.320> the<00:02:01.719> bats
involved three times once in the bats
involved three times once in the bats
Once<00:02:03.000> In<00:02:03.119> The<00:02:03.240> Birds<00:02:04.200> And<00:02:04.360> once<00:02:04.719> in<00:02:04.880> the
Once In The Birds And once in the
Once In The Birds And once in the
pterodactyls<00:02:06.439> and<00:02:06.560> so<00:02:06.799> with<00:02:07.000> flight<00:02:07.520> it's
pterodactyls and so with flight it's
pterodactyls and so with flight it's
very<00:02:08.360> metabolically<00:02:09.200> costly<00:02:10.080> bats<00:02:10.399> have
very metabolically costly bats have
very metabolically costly bats have
learned<00:02:11.080> and<00:02:11.280> evolved<00:02:11.800> how<00:02:11.920> to<00:02:12.080> deal<00:02:12.400> with
learned and evolved how to deal with
learned and evolved how to deal with
this<00:02:14.440> but<00:02:14.680> one<00:02:15.120> other<00:02:15.800> extremely<00:02:16.319> unique
this but one other extremely unique
this but one other extremely unique
thing<00:02:17.120> about<00:02:17.519> bats<00:02:18.519> is<00:02:18.680> that<00:02:18.840> they<00:02:18.920> are<00:02:19.160> able
thing about bats is that they are able
thing about bats is that they are able
to<00:02:19.640> use<00:02:20.040> sound<00:02:20.560> to<00:02:20.760> perceive<00:02:21.200> their
to use sound to perceive their
to use sound to perceive their
environment<00:02:22.640> they<00:02:23.200> use<00:02:24.519> echolocation<00:02:25.519> now
environment they use echolocation now
environment they use echolocation now
what<00:02:25.879> I<00:02:26.000> mean<00:02:26.200> by<00:02:26.840> echolocation<00:02:27.840> they<00:02:28.000> emit<00:02:28.239> a
what I mean by echolocation they emit a
what I mean by echolocation they emit a
sound<00:02:28.920> from<00:02:29.080> their<00:02:29.239> larynx<00:02:30.200> out<00:02:30.440> to<00:02:30.640> their
sound from their larynx out to their
sound from their larynx out to their
mouth<00:02:31.200> or<00:02:31.360> through<00:02:31.560> their<00:02:31.959> nose<00:02:32.959> this<00:02:33.200> sound
mouth or through their nose this sound
mouth or through their nose this sound
wave<00:02:34.360> comes<00:02:34.640> out<00:02:35.400> and<00:02:35.519> it<00:02:35.720> reflects<00:02:36.440> and
wave comes out and it reflects and
wave comes out and it reflects and
Echoes<00:02:37.200> back<00:02:37.400> off<00:02:37.800> objects<00:02:38.239> in<00:02:38.360> their
Echoes back off objects in their
Echoes back off objects in their
environment<00:02:39.519> and<00:02:39.640> the<00:02:39.800> bats<00:02:40.319> then<00:02:40.760> hear<00:02:41.159> these
environment and the bats then hear these
environment and the bats then hear these
Echoes<00:02:42.239> and<00:02:42.360> they<00:02:42.519> turn<00:02:43.000> this<00:02:43.239> information
Echoes and they turn this information
Echoes and they turn this information
into<00:02:44.120> an<00:02:44.280> acoustic<00:02:44.920> image<00:02:45.920> and<00:02:46.080> this<00:02:46.239> enables
into an acoustic image and this enables
into an acoustic image and this enables
them<00:02:46.959> to<00:02:47.200> orient<00:02:47.680> in<00:02:47.920> complete
them to orient in complete
them to orient in complete
darkness<00:02:50.319> indeed<00:02:50.680> they<00:02:50.840> do<00:02:51.080> look<00:02:51.400> very
darkness indeed they do look very
darkness indeed they do look very
strange<00:02:52.680> we're<00:02:53.000> humans<00:02:53.920> we<00:02:54.040> are<00:02:54.319> visual
strange we're humans we are visual
strange we're humans we are visual
species<00:02:55.920> when<00:02:56.159> scientists<00:02:56.720> first<00:02:57.040> realized
species when scientists first realized
species when scientists first realized
that<00:02:57.760> bats<00:02:58.040> were<00:02:58.239> actually<00:02:58.480> using<00:02:58.959> sound<00:02:59.800> to
that bats were actually using sound to
that bats were actually using sound to
be<00:03:00.080> able<00:03:00.360> to<00:03:00.560> fly<00:03:01.000> and<00:03:01.200> Orient<00:03:01.640> and<00:03:01.800> move<00:03:02.080> at
be able to fly and Orient and move at
be able to fly and Orient and move at
night<00:03:02.800> we<00:03:02.920> didn't<00:03:03.200> believe<00:03:03.480> it<00:03:04.040> for<00:03:04.280> a<00:03:04.440> hundred
night we didn't believe it for a hundred
night we didn't believe it for a hundred
years<00:03:05.080> despite<00:03:05.959> evidence<00:03:06.440> to<00:03:06.879> show<00:03:07.200> that<00:03:07.360> this
years despite evidence to show that this
years despite evidence to show that this
is<00:03:07.560> what<00:03:07.720> they<00:03:07.840> were<00:03:07.959> doing<00:03:08.560> we<00:03:08.720> didn't
is what they were doing we didn't
is what they were doing we didn't
believe<00:03:09.360> it<00:03:10.360> now<00:03:10.480> if<00:03:10.599> you<00:03:10.799> look<00:03:11.640> at<00:03:11.840> this<00:03:12.040> bat
believe it now if you look at this bat
believe it now if you look at this bat
it<00:03:12.440> looks<00:03:12.640> a<00:03:12.760> little<00:03:12.920> bit<00:03:13.519> alien<00:03:14.519> indeed<00:03:15.239> the
it looks a little bit alien indeed the
it looks a little bit alien indeed the
very<00:03:15.760> famous<00:03:16.159> philosopher<00:03:16.760> Thomas<00:03:17.080> Nagel
very famous philosopher Thomas Nagel
very famous philosopher Thomas Nagel
once<00:03:17.799> said<00:03:18.720> to<00:03:18.959> truly<00:03:19.480> experience<00:03:20.040> an<00:03:20.239> alien
once said to truly experience an alien
once said to truly experience an alien
life<00:03:20.959> form<00:03:21.200> on<00:03:21.400> this<00:03:21.599> planet<00:03:22.360> you<00:03:22.480> should<00:03:22.680> lock
life form on this planet you should lock
life form on this planet you should lock
yourself<00:03:23.599> inside<00:03:24.159> a<00:03:24.360> room<00:03:25.080> with<00:03:25.200> a<00:03:25.319> flying
yourself inside a room with a flying
yourself inside a room with a flying
echolocating<00:03:26.480> bat<00:03:26.959> in<00:03:27.159> complete<00:03:27.799> darkness
echolocating bat in complete darkness
echolocating bat in complete darkness
and<00:03:28.920> if<00:03:29.040> you<00:03:29.200> look<00:03:29.480> at<00:03:30.040> the<00:03:30.239> actual<00:03:30.760> physical
and if you look at the actual physical
and if you look at the actual physical
characteristics<00:03:32.000> on<00:03:32.159> the<00:03:32.360> face<00:03:32.599> of<00:03:32.799> this
characteristics on the face of this
characteristics on the face of this
beautiful<00:03:33.680> horseshoe<00:03:34.239> bat<00:03:35.040> you<00:03:35.159> see<00:03:35.400> a<00:03:35.519> lot<00:03:35.680> of
beautiful horseshoe bat you see a lot of
beautiful horseshoe bat you see a lot of
these<00:03:36.120> characteristics<00:03:36.799> are<00:03:37.120> dedicated<00:03:37.720> to
these characteristics are dedicated to
these characteristics are dedicated to
be<00:03:38.000> able<00:03:38.319> to<00:03:38.519> make<00:03:38.840> sound<00:03:39.560> and<00:03:39.760> perceive<00:03:40.120> it
be able to make sound and perceive it
be able to make sound and perceive it
very<00:03:41.400> big<00:03:41.799> ears<00:03:42.640> strange<00:03:43.200> nose<00:03:43.560> leaves<00:03:44.319> but
very big ears strange nose leaves but
very big ears strange nose leaves but
teeny<00:03:44.920> tiny<00:03:45.319> eyes<00:03:46.000> so<00:03:46.239> again<00:03:46.480> if<00:03:46.599> you<00:03:46.760> just
teeny tiny eyes so again if you just
teeny tiny eyes so again if you just
look<00:03:47.720> at<00:03:47.959> this<00:03:48.360> bat<00:03:48.920> you<00:03:49.080> realize<00:03:49.560> sound<00:03:49.920> is
look at this bat you realize sound is
look at this bat you realize sound is
very<00:03:50.360> important<00:03:51.040> for<00:03:51.239> its
very important for its
very important for its
survival<00:03:53.159> most<00:03:53.560> bats<00:03:54.560> look<00:03:54.959> like<00:03:55.640> the
survival most bats look like the
survival most bats look like the
previous<00:03:56.319> one<00:03:57.319> however<00:03:57.519> there<00:03:57.640> are<00:03:57.840> a<00:03:58.079> group
previous one however there are a group
previous one however there are a group
that<00:03:58.879> do<00:03:59.079> not<00:03:59.239> use<00:04:00.159> echolocation<00:04:01.159> they<00:04:01.319> do<00:04:01.480> not
that do not use echolocation they do not
that do not use echolocation they do not
perceive<00:04:02.159> their<00:04:02.439> environment<00:04:02.920> using<00:04:03.319> sound
perceive their environment using sound
perceive their environment using sound
and<00:04:04.360> these<00:04:04.480> are<00:04:04.640> the<00:04:04.720> flying<00:04:05.159> foxes<00:04:06.159> if
and these are the flying foxes if
and these are the flying foxes if
anybody<00:04:06.640> has<00:04:06.760> ever<00:04:06.920> been<00:04:07.120> lucky<00:04:07.439> enough<00:04:07.720> to<00:04:07.840> be
anybody has ever been lucky enough to be
anybody has ever been lucky enough to be
in<00:04:08.079> Australia<00:04:09.040> you've<00:04:09.239> seen<00:04:09.480> them<00:04:09.640> coming<00:04:09.959> out
in Australia you've seen them coming out
in Australia you've seen them coming out
of<00:04:10.400> the<00:04:10.519> botanic<00:04:10.959> gardens<00:04:11.319> in<00:04:11.480> Sydney<00:04:12.480> and<00:04:12.599> if
of the botanic gardens in Sydney and if
of the botanic gardens in Sydney and if
you<00:04:12.879> just<00:04:13.079> look<00:04:13.680> at<00:04:14.000> their<00:04:14.680> face<00:04:15.280> you<00:04:15.439> can<00:04:15.560> see
you just look at their face you can see
you just look at their face you can see
they<00:04:15.840> have<00:04:16.000> much<00:04:16.239> much<00:04:16.440> larger<00:04:16.880> eyes<00:04:17.239> and<00:04:17.440> much
they have much much larger eyes and much
they have much much larger eyes and much
smaller<00:04:18.280> ears<00:04:19.280> so<00:04:19.560> among<00:04:19.880> and<00:04:20.120> within<00:04:20.519> bats<00:04:21.280> is
smaller ears so among and within bats is
smaller ears so among and within bats is
a<00:04:21.639> huge<00:04:21.959> variation<00:04:22.720> in<00:04:22.840> their<00:04:23.080> ability<00:04:23.520> to<00:04:23.720> use
a huge variation in their ability to use
a huge variation in their ability to use
sensory<00:04:24.520> perception<00:04:25.520> now<00:04:25.720> this<00:04:25.800> is<00:04:25.960> going<00:04:26.120> to
sensory perception now this is going to
sensory perception now this is going to
be<00:04:26.440> important<00:04:27.000> for<00:04:27.240> what<00:04:27.400> I'm<00:04:27.560> going<00:04:27.680> to<00:04:27.840> tell
be important for what I'm going to tell
be important for what I'm going to tell
you<00:04:28.160> later<00:04:28.479> during<00:04:28.759> the<00:04:28.919> talk<00:04:29.680> now<00:04:29.840> if<00:04:30.000> the
you later during the talk now if the
you later during the talk now if the
idea<00:04:31.320> of<00:04:31.560> bats<00:04:31.960> in<00:04:32.120> your<00:04:32.400> belfrey<00:04:33.400> terrifies
idea of bats in your belfrey terrifies
idea of bats in your belfrey terrifies
you<00:04:34.840> and<00:04:34.960> I<00:04:35.080> know<00:04:35.280> some<00:04:35.520> people<00:04:35.880> probably<00:04:36.400> are
you and I know some people probably are
you and I know some people probably are
feeling<00:04:36.840> a<00:04:36.960> little<00:04:37.199> sick<00:04:37.919> looking<00:04:38.160> at<00:04:38.400> very
feeling a little sick looking at very
feeling a little sick looking at very
large<00:04:39.000> images<00:04:39.360> of
large images of
large images of
bats<00:04:41.400> that's<00:04:41.600> probably<00:04:41.880> not<00:04:42.080> that<00:04:42.400> surprising
bats that's probably not that surprising
bats that's probably not that surprising
because<00:04:43.759> here<00:04:44.000> in<00:04:44.199> Western<00:04:44.720> culture<00:04:45.600> bats
because here in Western culture bats
because here in Western culture bats
have<00:04:46.000> been<00:04:46.479> demonized<00:04:47.479> really<00:04:48.440> of<00:04:48.600> course<00:04:48.800> the
have been demonized really of course the
have been demonized really of course the
famous<00:04:49.320> book<00:04:49.560> Dracula<00:04:50.360> written<00:04:50.680> by<00:04:50.840> a<00:04:50.960> fellow
famous book Dracula written by a fellow
famous book Dracula written by a fellow
Northside<00:04:51.800> Dubliner<00:04:52.240> Bram<00:04:52.520> Stoker<00:04:53.120> probably
Northside Dubliner Bram Stoker probably
Northside Dubliner Bram Stoker probably
is<00:04:53.680> mainly<00:04:54.080> responsible<00:04:54.600> for<00:04:54.840> this<00:04:55.759> however<00:04:56.039> I
is mainly responsible for this however I
is mainly responsible for this however I
also<00:04:56.680> think<00:04:57.360> it's<00:04:57.560> got<00:04:57.680> to<00:04:57.800> do<00:04:57.960> with<00:04:58.080> the<00:04:58.240> fact
also think it's got to do with the fact
also think it's got to do with the fact
that<00:04:58.680> bats<00:04:59.560> come<00:04:59.720> out<00:04:59.880> at<00:05:00.039> night<00:05:00.320> and<00:05:00.440> we<00:05:00.600> don't
that bats come out at night and we don't
that bats come out at night and we don't
really<00:05:01.520> understand<00:05:01.759> them<00:05:01.880> we're<00:05:02.039> a<00:05:02.160> little
really understand them we're a little
really understand them we're a little
frightened<00:05:02.919> by<00:05:03.160> things<00:05:03.479> that<00:05:03.680> can<00:05:04.080> perceive
frightened by things that can perceive
frightened by things that can perceive
The<00:05:04.560> World<00:05:04.840> Slightly<00:05:05.160> differently<00:05:05.520> than<00:05:05.720> us
The World Slightly differently than us
The World Slightly differently than us
bats<00:05:06.960> are<00:05:07.080> usually<00:05:07.400> synonymous<00:05:07.880> from<00:05:08.039> some
bats are usually synonymous from some
bats are usually synonymous from some
type<00:05:08.360> of<00:05:08.520> evil<00:05:08.919> events<00:05:09.919> they<00:05:10.039> are<00:05:10.400> the
type of evil events they are the
type of evil events they are the
perpetrators<00:05:11.479> in<00:05:11.639> horror<00:05:11.960> movies<00:05:12.320> such<00:05:12.479> as
perpetrators in horror movies such as
perpetrators in horror movies such as
this<00:05:12.800> famous<00:05:13.560> Nightwing<00:05:14.560> also<00:05:14.840> if<00:05:14.919> you<00:05:15.080> think
this famous Nightwing also if you think
this famous Nightwing also if you think
about<00:05:15.600> it<00:05:16.400> demons<00:05:17.199> always<00:05:17.600> have<00:05:17.800> bat<00:05:18.039> wings
about it demons always have bat wings
about it demons always have bat wings
whereas<00:05:19.199> Birds<00:05:20.080> they<00:05:20.280> typically<00:05:20.680> or<00:05:20.919> angels
whereas Birds they typically or angels
whereas Birds they typically or angels
have<00:05:21.880> bird
wings<00:05:25.479> now<00:05:25.960> this<00:05:26.080> is<00:05:26.280> Western<00:05:26.720> society<00:05:27.120> and
wings now this is Western society and
wings now this is Western society and
what<00:05:27.400> I<00:05:27.560> hope<00:05:27.759> to<00:05:27.919> do<00:05:28.160> tonight<00:05:28.800> is<00:05:28.919> to<00:05:29.120> convince
what I hope to do tonight is to convince
what I hope to do tonight is to convince
you<00:05:30.680> of<00:05:31.680> the<00:05:32.080> Chinese<00:05:32.560> traditional<00:05:33.199> culture
you of the Chinese traditional culture
you of the Chinese traditional culture
that<00:05:34.240> they<00:05:34.440> perceive<00:05:35.080> bats<00:05:36.080> as<00:05:36.759> creatures
that they perceive bats as creatures
that they perceive bats as creatures
that<00:05:37.400> bring<00:05:37.759> good<00:05:38.000> luck<00:05:39.000> and<00:05:39.199> indeed<00:05:39.600> if<00:05:39.680> you
that bring good luck and indeed if you
that bring good luck and indeed if you
walk<00:05:40.080> into<00:05:40.400> a<00:05:40.560> Chinese<00:05:41.039> home<00:05:41.720> you<00:05:41.840> may<00:05:42.199> see<00:05:42.560> an
walk into a Chinese home you may see an
walk into a Chinese home you may see an
image<00:05:43.080> such<00:05:43.280> as<00:05:43.520> this<00:05:44.400> this<00:05:44.560> is<00:05:44.720> considered
image such as this this is considered
image such as this this is considered
the<00:05:45.240> five<00:05:45.600> blessings<00:05:46.600> the<00:05:46.759> Chinese<00:05:47.199> word<00:05:47.440> for
the five blessings the Chinese word for
the five blessings the Chinese word for
bat<00:05:48.160> sounds<00:05:48.520> like<00:05:48.680> the<00:05:48.800> Chinese<00:05:49.160> word<00:05:49.360> for
bat sounds like the Chinese word for
bat sounds like the Chinese word for
happiness<00:05:50.759> and<00:05:50.960> they<00:05:51.120> believe<00:05:51.479> that<00:05:51.720> bats
happiness and they believe that bats
happiness and they believe that bats
bring<00:05:53.400> wealth<00:05:54.039> Health<00:05:54.440> longevity<00:05:55.240> virtue<00:05:55.840> and
bring wealth Health longevity virtue and
bring wealth Health longevity virtue and
serenity<00:05:56.880> and<00:05:57.000> indeed<00:05:57.360> in<00:05:57.520> this<00:05:57.759> image<00:05:58.560> you
serenity and indeed in this image you
serenity and indeed in this image you
have<00:05:58.840> a<00:05:58.960> picture<00:05:59.160> of<00:05:59.479> longevity<00:06:00.000> surrounded
have a picture of longevity surrounded
have a picture of longevity surrounded
by<00:06:00.759> five<00:06:01.400> bats<00:06:02.400> and<00:06:02.520> what<00:06:02.680> I<00:06:02.800> want<00:06:02.960> to<00:06:03.120> do
by five bats and what I want to do
by five bats and what I want to do
tonight<00:06:04.759> is<00:06:04.919> to<00:06:05.160> talk<00:06:05.400> to<00:06:05.560> you<00:06:05.960> and<00:06:06.319> to<00:06:06.520> show
tonight is to talk to you and to show
tonight is to talk to you and to show
you<00:06:07.240> that<00:06:07.440> at<00:06:07.599> least<00:06:07.880> three<00:06:08.160> of<00:06:08.400> these
you that at least three of these
you that at least three of these
blessings<00:06:09.319> are<00:06:09.599> definitely<00:06:10.080> represented<00:06:10.639> by
blessings are definitely represented by
blessings are definitely represented by
a<00:06:10.960> bat<00:06:11.599> and<00:06:11.720> that<00:06:11.919> if<00:06:12.080> we<00:06:12.199> study<00:06:12.599> bats<00:06:13.160> we<00:06:13.240> will
a bat and that if we study bats we will
a bat and that if we study bats we will
get<00:06:13.680> nearer<00:06:14.440> to<00:06:14.680> getting<00:06:15.080> each<00:06:15.240> of<00:06:15.440> these
get nearer to getting each of these
get nearer to getting each of these
blessings<00:06:17.520> so<00:06:17.840> wealth<00:06:18.840> how<00:06:19.039> can<00:06:19.199> a<00:06:19.400> bat
blessings so wealth how can a bat
blessings so wealth how can a bat
possibly<00:06:20.400> bring<00:06:20.720> us<00:06:21.160> wealth<00:06:22.160> well<00:06:22.360> as<00:06:22.479> I<00:06:22.599> said
possibly bring us wealth well as I said
possibly bring us wealth well as I said
before<00:06:23.599> bats<00:06:23.880> are<00:06:24.080> essential<00:06:24.479> for<00:06:24.680> our
before bats are essential for our
before bats are essential for our
ecosystems<00:06:25.599> to<00:06:25.800> function
ecosystems to function
ecosystems to function
correctly<00:06:27.720> and<00:06:27.919> why<00:06:28.080> is<00:06:28.400> this<00:06:29.520> bats<00:06:29.880> in<00:06:30.000> the
correctly and why is this bats in the
correctly and why is this bats in the
tropics<00:06:30.720> are<00:06:30.919> major<00:06:31.319> pollinators<00:06:32.039> of<00:06:32.199> many
tropics are major pollinators of many
tropics are major pollinators of many
plants<00:06:33.440> they<00:06:33.599> also<00:06:33.840> feed<00:06:34.120> on<00:06:34.360> fruit<00:06:35.080> and<00:06:35.199> they
plants they also feed on fruit and they
plants they also feed on fruit and they
disperse<00:06:35.800> the<00:06:35.960> seeds<00:06:36.759> of<00:06:36.960> these<00:06:37.520> fruits<00:06:38.520> bats
disperse the seeds of these fruits bats
disperse the seeds of these fruits bats
are<00:06:39.080> responsible<00:06:39.680> for<00:06:39.960> pollinating<00:06:40.560> the
are responsible for pollinating the
are responsible for pollinating the
tequila<00:06:41.199> plant<00:06:41.840> and<00:06:42.000> this<00:06:42.080> is<00:06:42.199> a
tequila plant and this is a
tequila plant and this is a
multi-million<00:06:43.240> dollar<00:06:43.599> industry<00:06:44.160> in<00:06:44.520> Mexico
multi-million dollar industry in Mexico
multi-million dollar industry in Mexico
so<00:06:45.720> indeed<00:06:46.039> we<00:06:46.199> need<00:06:46.520> them<00:06:47.160> for<00:06:47.360> our
so indeed we need them for our
so indeed we need them for our
ecosystems<00:06:48.280> to<00:06:48.479> function<00:06:48.960> properly<00:06:49.680> without
ecosystems to function properly without
ecosystems to function properly without
them<00:06:50.199> it's<00:06:50.360> going<00:06:50.520> to<00:06:50.639> be<00:06:50.800> a
them it's going to be a
them it's going to be a
problem<00:06:53.520> but<00:06:53.759> most<00:06:54.240> bats<00:06:54.639> are<00:06:54.840> verocious
problem but most bats are verocious
problem but most bats are verocious
insect
insect
insect
Predators<00:06:57.840> it's<00:06:58.039> been<00:06:58.280> estimated<00:06:58.759> in<00:06:58.879> the<00:06:59.000> US
Predators it's been estimated in the US
Predators it's been estimated in the US
in<00:06:59.520> a<00:06:59.720> tiny<00:07:00.080> colony<00:07:00.639> of<00:07:00.840> big<00:07:01.000> brown<00:07:01.360> brats<00:07:02.080> that
in a tiny colony of big brown brats that
in a tiny colony of big brown brats that
they<00:07:02.360> will<00:07:02.520> feed<00:07:02.800> on<00:07:03.160> over<00:07:03.400> a<00:07:03.560> million<00:07:04.120> insects
they will feed on over a million insects
they will feed on over a million insects
a<00:07:05.199> year<00:07:06.199> and<00:07:06.360> in<00:07:06.479> the<00:07:06.599> United<00:07:06.919> States<00:07:07.160> of
a year and in the United States of
a year and in the United States of
America<00:07:08.560> right<00:07:08.759> now<00:07:09.039> bats<00:07:09.319> have<00:07:09.479> been
America right now bats have been
America right now bats have been
threatened<00:07:10.160> by<00:07:10.280> a<00:07:10.360> disease<00:07:10.720> known<00:07:10.919> as<00:07:11.080> white
threatened by a disease known as white
threatened by a disease known as white
known<00:07:11.680> syndrome<00:07:12.680> it's<00:07:12.879> working<00:07:13.240> its<00:07:13.479> way
known syndrome it's working its way
known syndrome it's working its way
slowly<00:07:14.440> across<00:07:14.759> the<00:07:14.919> US<00:07:15.240> and<00:07:15.440> wiping<00:07:15.720> out
slowly across the US and wiping out
slowly across the US and wiping out
populations<00:07:16.599> of<00:07:17.000> bats<00:07:18.000> and<00:07:18.240> scientists<00:07:18.720> have
populations of bats and scientists have
populations of bats and scientists have
estimated<00:07:20.160> that<00:07:20.759> 1300<00:07:21.759> metric<00:07:22.199> tons<00:07:22.560> of
estimated that 1300 metric tons of
estimated that 1300 metric tons of
insects<00:07:23.400> a<00:07:23.599> year<00:07:24.199> are<00:07:24.440> now<00:07:24.879> remaining<00:07:25.199> in<00:07:25.319> the
insects a year are now remaining in the
insects a year are now remaining in the
ecosystems<00:07:26.240> due<00:07:26.440> to<00:07:26.599> the<00:07:26.720> loss<00:07:26.960> of<00:07:27.319> bats<00:07:28.319> bats
ecosystems due to the loss of bats bats
ecosystems due to the loss of bats bats
are<00:07:28.800> also<00:07:29.039> threat<00:07:29.639> in<00:07:29.720> the<00:07:29.879> US<00:07:30.800> by<00:07:31.160> their
are also threat in the US by their
are also threat in the US by their
attraction<00:07:31.919> to<00:07:32.120> wind<00:07:32.440> farms<00:07:33.440> again<00:07:34.199> right<00:07:34.400> now
attraction to wind farms again right now
attraction to wind farms again right now
bat<00:07:34.919> are<00:07:35.039> looking<00:07:35.240> in<00:07:35.319> a<00:07:35.440> little<00:07:35.560> bit<00:07:35.680> of
bat are looking in a little bit of
bat are looking in a little bit of
problem<00:07:36.400> they're<00:07:36.599> going<00:07:36.759> to<00:07:37.360> they<00:07:37.720> they<00:07:37.840> are
problem they're going to they they are
problem they're going to they they are
very<00:07:38.240> threatened<00:07:38.639> in<00:07:38.759> the<00:07:38.840> United<00:07:39.120> States<00:07:39.319> of
very threatened in the United States of
very threatened in the United States of
America
America
America
alone<00:07:42.000> now<00:07:42.160> how<00:07:42.319> can<00:07:42.479> this<00:07:42.639> help<00:07:42.919> us<00:07:43.840> well<00:07:44.240> it
alone now how can this help us well it
alone now how can this help us well it
has<00:07:44.520> been<00:07:44.800> calculated<00:07:45.440> that<00:07:45.560> if<00:07:45.680> we<00:07:45.759> were<00:07:45.919> to
has been calculated that if we were to
has been calculated that if we were to
remove<00:07:46.639> bats<00:07:47.360> from<00:07:47.560> the<00:07:47.759> equation<00:07:48.639> we're
remove bats from the equation we're
remove bats from the equation we're
going<00:07:48.960> to<00:07:49.120> have<00:07:49.240> to<00:07:49.400> then<00:07:49.560> use<00:07:49.960> insecticides
going to have to then use insecticides
going to have to then use insecticides
to<00:07:51.120> remove<00:07:51.440> all<00:07:51.639> those<00:07:51.879> pest<00:07:52.280> insects<00:07:52.800> that
to remove all those pest insects that
to remove all those pest insects that
feed<00:07:53.400> on<00:07:53.560> our<00:07:53.759> agricultural
feed on our agricultural
feed on our agricultural
crops<00:07:56.560> and<00:07:56.720> for<00:07:56.960> one<00:07:57.199> year<00:07:57.520> in<00:07:57.680> the<00:07:57.840> us<00:07:58.159> alone
crops and for one year in the us alone
crops and for one year in the us alone
it's<00:07:58.879> estimated<00:07:59.479> it's<00:07:59.560> going<00:07:59.680> to<00:07:59.800> cost<00:08:00.159> 22
it's estimated it's going to cost 22
it's estimated it's going to cost 22
billion<00:08:01.520> us<00:08:02.520> if<00:08:02.639> we<00:08:02.800> remove<00:08:03.159> bats<00:08:03.879> so<00:08:04.080> indeed
billion us if we remove bats so indeed
billion us if we remove bats so indeed
bats<00:08:05.120> then<00:08:05.360> do<00:08:05.599> bring<00:08:05.840> us<00:08:06.080> wealth<00:08:06.759> they
bats then do bring us wealth they
bats then do bring us wealth they
maintain<00:08:07.440> the<00:08:07.560> health<00:08:07.759> of<00:08:07.879> our<00:08:08.159> ecosystems
maintain the health of our ecosystems
maintain the health of our ecosystems
and<00:08:09.319> also<00:08:09.599> they<00:08:09.720> save<00:08:10.000> us<00:08:10.680> money<00:08:11.680> so<00:08:11.879> again
and also they save us money so again
and also they save us money so again
that's<00:08:12.280> the<00:08:12.440> first<00:08:12.759> blessing<00:08:13.759> bats<00:08:14.039> are
that's the first blessing bats are
that's the first blessing bats are
important<00:08:14.560> for<00:08:14.720> our
important for our
important for our
ecosystems<00:08:17.479> and<00:08:17.599> what<00:08:17.759> about<00:08:18.000> the<00:08:18.319> second
ecosystems and what about the second
ecosystems and what about the second
what<00:08:19.440> about
what about
what about
health<00:08:22.000> inside<00:08:22.720> every<00:08:23.440> cell<00:08:23.919> in<00:08:24.039> your<00:08:24.319> body
health inside every cell in your body
health inside every cell in your body
lies<00:08:25.000> your<00:08:25.240> genome<00:08:25.840> your<00:08:26.000> genome<00:08:26.360> is<00:08:26.520> made<00:08:26.720> up
lies your genome your genome is made up
lies your genome your genome is made up
of<00:08:27.000> your<00:08:27.360> DNA<00:08:28.360> your<00:08:28.560> DNA<00:08:28.960> codes<00:08:29.400> for<00:08:29.639> proteins
of your DNA your DNA codes for proteins
of your DNA your DNA codes for proteins
that<00:08:30.720> enable<00:08:31.080> you<00:08:31.199> to<00:08:31.440> function<00:08:31.840> and<00:08:32.080> interact
that enable you to function and interact
that enable you to function and interact
and<00:08:32.800> be<00:08:33.080> as<00:08:33.320> you<00:08:33.839> are<00:08:34.839> now<00:08:35.399> since<00:08:36.399> the<00:08:36.560> new
and be as you are now since the new
and be as you are now since the new
advancements<00:08:37.519> in<00:08:37.680> modern<00:08:38.000> molecular
advancements in modern molecular
advancements in modern molecular
Technologies<00:08:39.640> it<00:08:39.719> is<00:08:39.959> now<00:08:40.320> possible<00:08:40.760> for<00:08:40.959> us
Technologies it is now possible for us
Technologies it is now possible for us
to<00:08:41.399> sequence<00:08:41.959> our<00:08:42.159> own<00:08:42.640> genome<00:08:43.640> in<00:08:43.760> a<00:08:43.959> very
to sequence our own genome in a very
to sequence our own genome in a very
rapid<00:08:44.720> time<00:08:44.959> and<00:08:45.120> a<00:08:45.360> very<00:08:45.600> very<00:08:45.800> reduced
rapid time and a very very reduced
rapid time and a very very reduced
cost<00:08:48.080> now<00:08:48.640> when<00:08:48.839> we've<00:08:49.040> been<00:08:49.240> doing<00:08:49.519> this<00:08:49.680> we
cost now when we've been doing this we
cost now when we've been doing this we
realize<00:08:50.279> that<00:08:50.399> there's
realize that there's
realize that there's
variations<00:08:52.399> within<00:08:52.600> our<00:08:52.959> genome<00:08:53.959> so<00:08:54.120> I<00:08:54.240> want
variations within our genome so I want
variations within our genome so I want
you<00:08:54.480> to<00:08:54.600> look<00:08:54.760> at<00:08:54.880> the<00:08:55.040> person<00:08:55.399> beside<00:08:55.760> you
you to look at the person beside you
you to look at the person beside you
let's<00:08:56.839> have<00:08:56.959> a<00:08:57.080> quick<00:08:57.279> look<00:08:58.200> and<00:08:58.320> what<00:08:58.440> we<00:08:58.560> need
let's have a quick look and what we need
let's have a quick look and what we need
to<00:08:58.800> realize<00:08:59.320> is<00:08:59.440> that<00:08:59.680> every<00:09:00.200> 300<00:09:00.800> base<00:09:01.079> pairs
to realize is that every 300 base pairs
to realize is that every 300 base pairs
in<00:09:01.480> your<00:09:01.680> DNA<00:09:02.160> you're<00:09:02.320> a<00:09:02.440> little<00:09:02.640> bit
in your DNA you're a little bit
in your DNA you're a little bit
different<00:09:04.079> and<00:09:04.240> one<00:09:04.360> of<00:09:04.519> the<00:09:04.680> grand
different and one of the grand
different and one of the grand
challenges<00:09:05.680> right<00:09:05.880> now<00:09:06.200> in<00:09:06.360> modern<00:09:06.720> molecular
challenges right now in modern molecular
challenges right now in modern molecular
medicine<00:09:08.040> is<00:09:08.200> to<00:09:08.360> work<00:09:08.560> out<00:09:08.880> whether<00:09:09.120> this
medicine is to work out whether this
medicine is to work out whether this
variation<00:09:10.680> makes<00:09:10.920> you<00:09:11.079> more<00:09:11.360> susceptible<00:09:11.920> to
variation makes you more susceptible to
variation makes you more susceptible to
diseases<00:09:13.320> or<00:09:13.519> does<00:09:13.720> this<00:09:13.959> variation<00:09:14.640> just
diseases or does this variation just
diseases or does this variation just
make<00:09:15.279> you<00:09:15.680> different<00:09:16.680> again<00:09:17.040> what<00:09:17.160> does<00:09:17.279> it
make you different again what does it
make you different again what does it
mean<00:09:17.720> here<00:09:17.920> what<00:09:18.000> does<00:09:18.200> this<00:09:18.399> variation
mean here what does this variation
mean here what does this variation
actually<00:09:19.480> mean<00:09:20.480> so<00:09:20.720> if<00:09:20.839> we<00:09:20.959> are<00:09:21.120> to<00:09:21.440> capitalize
actually mean so if we are to capitalize
actually mean so if we are to capitalize
on<00:09:22.440> all<00:09:22.600> of<00:09:22.760> this<00:09:22.920> new<00:09:23.200> molecular<00:09:23.760> data<00:09:24.120> and
on all of this new molecular data and
on all of this new molecular data and
personalized<00:09:24.920> genomic<00:09:25.600> information<00:09:26.600> that<00:09:26.720> is
personalized genomic information that is
personalized genomic information that is
coming<00:09:27.200> online<00:09:27.640> that<00:09:27.760> we<00:09:27.880> will<00:09:28.040> be<00:09:28.160> able<00:09:28.360> to
coming online that we will be able to
coming online that we will be able to
have<00:09:28.839> the<00:09:28.920> next<00:09:29.320> few<00:09:29.519> years<00:09:30.480> we<00:09:30.680> have<00:09:30.800> to<00:09:30.920> be
have the next few years we have to be
have the next few years we have to be
able<00:09:31.200> to<00:09:31.360> differentiate<00:09:31.959> between<00:09:32.240> the<00:09:32.360> two<00:09:32.839> so
able to differentiate between the two so
able to differentiate between the two so
how<00:09:33.519> do<00:09:33.720> we<00:09:33.920> do<00:09:34.640> this<00:09:35.640> well<00:09:35.839> I<00:09:35.959> believe<00:09:36.279> we<00:09:36.440> just
how do we do this well I believe we just
how do we do this well I believe we just
look<00:09:36.880> at<00:09:37.160> Nature's
look at Nature's
look at Nature's
experiments<00:09:39.839> so<00:09:40.440> through<00:09:40.920> natural<00:09:41.600> selection
experiments so through natural selection
experiments so through natural selection
over<00:09:43.000> time<00:09:43.880> mutations<00:09:45.200> variations<00:09:46.200> that
over time mutations variations that
over time mutations variations that
disrupt<00:09:47.200> the<00:09:47.360> function<00:09:47.640> of<00:09:47.760> a<00:09:47.959> protein<00:09:48.560> will
disrupt the function of a protein will
disrupt the function of a protein will
not<00:09:48.880> be<00:09:49.079> tolerated<00:09:49.720> over<00:09:50.079> time<00:09:50.959> Evolution
not be tolerated over time Evolution
not be tolerated over time Evolution
acts<00:09:51.920> as<00:09:52.040> a<00:09:52.240> Civ<00:09:53.000> it<00:09:53.240> cves<00:09:53.600> out<00:09:53.880> the<00:09:54.079> bad
acts as a Civ it cves out the bad
acts as a Civ it cves out the bad
variation<00:09:55.560> and<00:09:55.680> so<00:09:55.959> therefore<00:09:56.320> if<00:09:56.399> you<00:09:56.560> look
variation and so therefore if you look
variation and so therefore if you look
at<00:09:56.880> the<00:09:57.079> same<00:09:57.320> region<00:09:57.600> of<00:09:57.720> a<00:09:57.959> genome<00:09:58.959> in<00:09:59.120> in
at the same region of a genome in in
at the same region of a genome in in
many<00:09:59.519> mammals<00:10:00.279> that<00:10:00.399> have<00:10:00.839> been<00:10:01.839> H
many mammals that have been H
many mammals that have been H
evolutionary<00:10:02.720> distant<00:10:03.079> from<00:10:03.279> each<00:10:03.440> other<00:10:04.279> and
evolutionary distant from each other and
evolutionary distant from each other and
are<00:10:04.519> also<00:10:04.880> ecologically<00:10:05.640> Divergent<00:10:06.640> you'll
are also ecologically Divergent you'll
are also ecologically Divergent you'll
get<00:10:07.279> a<00:10:07.440> better<00:10:08.120> understanding<00:10:08.440> of<00:10:08.600> what<00:10:08.760> the
get a better understanding of what the
get a better understanding of what the
evolutionary<00:10:09.640> prior<00:10:10.040> of<00:10:10.279> that<00:10:10.440> site<00:10:10.760> is<00:10:11.440> I.E
evolutionary prior of that site is I.E
evolutionary prior of that site is I.E
if<00:10:12.519> it<00:10:12.640> is<00:10:12.880> important<00:10:13.800> for<00:10:13.959> the<00:10:14.079> mammal<00:10:14.440> to
if it is important for the mammal to
if it is important for the mammal to
function<00:10:15.120> for<00:10:15.480> survival<00:10:16.079> it<00:10:16.200> will<00:10:16.399> be<00:10:16.640> the
function for survival it will be the
function for survival it will be the
same<00:10:17.560> in<00:10:17.760> all<00:10:17.920> of<00:10:18.160> those<00:10:18.440> different<00:10:19.079> lineages
same in all of those different lineages
same in all of those different lineages
species
species
species
taxa<00:10:22.399> so<00:10:23.079> therefore<00:10:24.079> if<00:10:24.200> we<00:10:24.279> were<00:10:24.480> to<00:10:24.640> do<00:10:24.920> this
taxa so therefore if we were to do this
taxa so therefore if we were to do this
what<00:10:25.640> we<00:10:25.720> need<00:10:25.839> to<00:10:26.000> do<00:10:26.120> is<00:10:26.279> sequence<00:10:26.680> that
what we need to do is sequence that
what we need to do is sequence that
region<00:10:27.240> in<00:10:27.480> all<00:10:27.760> these<00:10:28.079> different<00:10:28.399> mammals
region in all these different mammals
region in all these different mammals
and<00:10:29.160> ascertain<00:10:29.720> if<00:10:29.800> it's<00:10:29.959> the<00:10:30.120> same<00:10:30.320> or<00:10:30.440> if
and ascertain if it's the same or if
and ascertain if it's the same or if
it's<00:10:30.760> different<00:10:31.720> so<00:10:32.000> if<00:10:32.160> it<00:10:32.440> is<00:10:33.440> the<00:10:33.640> same<00:10:34.399> this
it's different so if it is the same this
it's different so if it is the same this
indicates<00:10:35.240> that<00:10:35.480> that<00:10:35.680> site<00:10:35.959> is<00:10:36.120> important
indicates that that site is important
indicates that that site is important
for<00:10:36.720> function<00:10:37.440> so<00:10:37.720> a<00:10:37.920> disease<00:10:38.360> mutation
for function so a disease mutation
for function so a disease mutation
should<00:10:39.160> fall<00:10:39.680> within<00:10:40.200> that<00:10:40.440> site<00:10:41.360> so<00:10:41.600> in<00:10:41.800> this
should fall within that site so in this
should fall within that site so in this
case<00:10:42.399> here<00:10:43.200> if<00:10:43.399> all<00:10:43.560> the<00:10:43.680> mammals<00:10:44.040> that<00:10:44.160> we
case here if all the mammals that we
case here if all the mammals that we
look<00:10:44.560> have<00:10:45.079> have<00:10:45.160> a<00:10:45.360> yellow<00:10:45.800> type<00:10:46.440> genome<00:10:46.959> at
look have have a yellow type genome at
look have have a yellow type genome at
that<00:10:47.399> site<00:10:48.200> it<00:10:48.360> probably<00:10:48.639> suggests<00:10:49.000> that
that site it probably suggests that
that site it probably suggests that
purple<00:10:49.560> is
purple is
purple is
bad<00:10:51.720> this<00:10:51.839> could<00:10:52.000> be<00:10:52.200> even<00:10:52.480> more<00:10:52.760> powerful<00:10:53.440> if
bad this could be even more powerful if
bad this could be even more powerful if
you<00:10:53.680> look<00:10:53.800> at<00:10:54.000> mammals<00:10:54.760> they're<00:10:55.000> doing<00:10:55.320> things
you look at mammals they're doing things
you look at mammals they're doing things
slightly<00:10:56.000> differently<00:10:56.839> so<00:10:57.079> say<00:10:57.279> for<00:10:57.480> example
slightly differently so say for example
slightly differently so say for example
the<00:10:58.000> region<00:10:58.399> of<00:10:58.600> the<00:10:58.720> Gen<00:10:59.320> that<00:10:59.440> I<00:10:59.519> was<00:10:59.680> looking
the region of the Gen that I was looking
the region of the Gen that I was looking
at<00:11:00.200> was<00:11:00.320> a<00:11:00.560> region<00:11:00.880> that's<00:11:01.120> important<00:11:01.519> for
at was a region that's important for
at was a region that's important for
vision<00:11:02.959> if<00:11:03.120> we<00:11:03.320> look<00:11:03.480> at<00:11:03.680> that<00:11:03.920> region<00:11:04.560> in
vision if we look at that region in
vision if we look at that region in
mammals<00:11:05.120> that<00:11:05.279> don't<00:11:05.519> see<00:11:05.839> so<00:11:06.079> well<00:11:06.480> such<00:11:06.680> as
mammals that don't see so well such as
mammals that don't see so well such as
bats<00:11:07.760> and<00:11:07.880> we<00:11:08.040> find<00:11:08.320> that<00:11:08.560> bats<00:11:08.959> that<00:11:09.120> don't
bats and we find that bats that don't
bats and we find that bats that don't
Sue<00:11:09.639> so<00:11:09.839> well<00:11:10.120> have<00:11:10.279> the<00:11:10.519> purple<00:11:10.959> type<00:11:11.600> we<00:11:11.720> know
Sue so well have the purple type we know
Sue so well have the purple type we know
that<00:11:12.240> this<00:11:12.519> is<00:11:12.720> probably<00:11:13.000> what's<00:11:13.360> causing
that this is probably what's causing
that this is probably what's causing
this
this
this
disease<00:11:17.079> so<00:11:17.320> in<00:11:17.480> my<00:11:17.720> lab<00:11:18.440> we've<00:11:18.600> been<00:11:18.800> using
disease so in my lab we've been using
disease so in my lab we've been using
bats<00:11:19.519> to<00:11:19.680> look<00:11:19.800> at<00:11:20.000> two<00:11:20.320> different<00:11:20.920> types<00:11:21.160> of
bats to look at two different types of
bats to look at two different types of
diseases<00:11:21.959> of<00:11:22.320> of<00:11:22.480> the<00:11:22.680> senses<00:11:23.680> we're<00:11:23.880> looking
diseases of of the senses we're looking
diseases of of the senses we're looking
at<00:11:24.240> blindness<00:11:24.680> and<00:11:24.920> why<00:11:25.040> would<00:11:25.160> you<00:11:25.320> do
at blindness and why would you do
at blindness and why would you do
this<00:11:27.560> 314<00:11:28.560> million<00:11:29.240> people<00:11:29.680> are<00:11:29.880> visually
this 314 million people are visually
this 314 million people are visually
impaired<00:11:31.440> and<00:11:31.639> 45<00:11:32.279> million<00:11:32.600> of<00:11:32.720> these<00:11:32.880> are
impaired and 45 million of these are
impaired and 45 million of these are
blind<00:11:33.360> so<00:11:33.519> blindness<00:11:33.959> is<00:11:34.040> a<00:11:34.200> big<00:11:34.480> problem<00:11:35.160> and
blind so blindness is a big problem and
blind so blindness is a big problem and
a<00:11:35.440> lot<00:11:35.720> of<00:11:35.959> these<00:11:36.399> blind<00:11:36.800> disorders<00:11:37.440> come<00:11:37.680> from
a lot of these blind disorders come from
a lot of these blind disorders come from
inherited<00:11:38.519> diseases<00:11:39.240> so<00:11:39.440> we<00:11:39.560> want<00:11:39.680> to<00:11:39.839> try<00:11:40.040> and
inherited diseases so we want to try and
inherited diseases so we want to try and
better<00:11:40.880> understand<00:11:41.600> which<00:11:41.839> mutations<00:11:42.560> in<00:11:42.720> the
better understand which mutations in the
better understand which mutations in the
gene<00:11:43.440> causes<00:11:43.880> the<00:11:44.440> disease<00:11:45.440> also<00:11:45.680> we<00:11:45.800> look<00:11:45.920> at
gene causes the disease also we look at
gene causes the disease also we look at
deafness<00:11:47.519> one<00:11:47.800> in<00:11:48.079> every<00:11:48.519> 1,000<00:11:49.160> newborn
deafness one in every 1,000 newborn
deafness one in every 1,000 newborn
babies<00:11:50.000> are<00:11:50.240> deaf<00:11:50.880> and<00:11:51.000> when<00:11:51.200> we<00:11:51.360> reach<00:11:51.639> 80
babies are deaf and when we reach 80
babies are deaf and when we reach 80
over<00:11:52.680> half<00:11:52.880> of<00:11:53.120> us<00:11:53.560> will<00:11:53.839> also<00:11:54.399> have<00:11:54.519> a<00:11:54.680> hearing
over half of us will also have a hearing
over half of us will also have a hearing
problem<00:11:56.000> again<00:11:56.920> there's<00:11:57.240> many<00:11:57.560> underlying
problem again there's many underlying
problem again there's many underlying
genetic<00:11:58.519> causes<00:11:59.000> for<00:11:59.279> this<00:12:00.160> so<00:12:00.399> what<00:12:00.519> we've
genetic causes for this so what we've
genetic causes for this so what we've
been<00:12:00.880> doing<00:12:01.279> in<00:12:01.519> my<00:12:01.800> lab<00:12:02.560> is<00:12:02.760> looking<00:12:03.000> at<00:12:03.200> these
been doing in my lab is looking at these
been doing in my lab is looking at these
unique<00:12:03.760> sensory<00:12:04.279> Specialists<00:12:04.800> the<00:12:04.959> bats<00:12:05.959> and
unique sensory Specialists the bats and
unique sensory Specialists the bats and
we<00:12:06.360> have<00:12:06.519> looked<00:12:06.760> at<00:12:06.959> genes<00:12:07.320> that<00:12:07.519> cause
we have looked at genes that cause
we have looked at genes that cause
blindness<00:12:08.320> when<00:12:08.440> there's<00:12:08.600> a<00:12:08.720> defect<00:12:09.079> in<00:12:09.200> them
blindness when there's a defect in them
blindness when there's a defect in them
genes<00:12:09.880> that<00:12:10.040> cause<00:12:10.399> deafness<00:12:10.880> when<00:12:11.040> there's<00:12:11.240> a
genes that cause deafness when there's a
genes that cause deafness when there's a
defect<00:12:11.760> in<00:12:11.880> them<00:12:12.320> and<00:12:12.519> now<00:12:12.760> we<00:12:12.880> can<00:12:13.079> predict
defect in them and now we can predict
defect in them and now we can predict
which<00:12:14.199> sites<00:12:14.560> are<00:12:14.760> most<00:12:15.079> likely<00:12:15.320> to<00:12:15.480> cause
which sites are most likely to cause
which sites are most likely to cause
disease<00:12:16.880> so<00:12:17.160> bats<00:12:17.720> are<00:12:18.000> also<00:12:18.440> important<00:12:18.920> for
disease so bats are also important for
disease so bats are also important for
our<00:12:19.399> health<00:12:20.000> to<00:12:20.199> enable<00:12:20.560> us<00:12:20.800> better
our health to enable us better
our health to enable us better
understand<00:12:21.959> how<00:12:22.120> our<00:12:22.320> genome
understand how our genome
understand how our genome
functions<00:12:25.160> so<00:12:25.399> this<00:12:25.480> is<00:12:25.639> where<00:12:25.760> we<00:12:25.880> are<00:12:26.199> right
functions so this is where we are right
functions so this is where we are right
now<00:12:27.160> but<00:12:27.360> what<00:12:27.480> about<00:12:27.760> the<00:12:27.920> future
now but what about the future
now but what about the future
what<00:12:29.639> about<00:12:30.199> longevity<00:12:31.199> this<00:12:31.320> is<00:12:31.480> where<00:12:31.639> we're
what about longevity this is where we're
what about longevity this is where we're
going<00:12:32.040> to<00:12:32.279> go<00:12:33.279> and<00:12:33.480> as<00:12:33.600> I<00:12:33.720> said<00:12:34.000> before<00:12:34.720> I
going to go and as I said before I
going to go and as I said before I
really<00:12:35.199> believe<00:12:35.600> that<00:12:35.760> the<00:12:35.920> secret<00:12:36.279> of
really believe that the secret of
really believe that the secret of
everlasting<00:12:37.160> youth<00:12:37.519> lies<00:12:37.880> within<00:12:38.120> the<00:12:38.240> bat
everlasting youth lies within the bat
everlasting youth lies within the bat
genome<00:12:39.920> so<00:12:40.160> why<00:12:40.279> should<00:12:40.480> we<00:12:40.639> be<00:12:40.839> interested<00:12:41.320> in
genome so why should we be interested in
genome so why should we be interested in
aging<00:12:42.120> at<00:12:42.440> all<00:12:43.440> well<00:12:43.639> really<00:12:43.880> this<00:12:44.000> is<00:12:44.120> a
aging at all well really this is a
aging at all well really this is a
picture<00:12:44.600> drawn<00:12:45.040> from<00:12:45.199> the<00:12:45.320> 1500s<00:12:46.120> of<00:12:46.240> the
picture drawn from the 1500s of the
picture drawn from the 1500s of the
Fountain<00:12:46.839> of
Fountain of
Fountain of
Youth<00:12:48.639> aging<00:12:49.160> is<00:12:49.360> considered<00:12:49.760> one<00:12:49.880> of<00:12:50.079> the
Youth aging is considered one of the
Youth aging is considered one of the
most<00:12:50.760> familiar<00:12:51.639> yet<00:12:51.839> the<00:12:51.959> least<00:12:52.240> well
most familiar yet the least well
most familiar yet the least well
understood<00:12:53.920> aspects<00:12:54.279> of<00:12:54.399> all<00:12:54.560> of<00:12:54.760> biology<00:12:55.720> and
understood aspects of all of biology and
understood aspects of all of biology and
really<00:12:56.839> since<00:12:57.040> the<00:12:57.199> dawn<00:12:57.440> of<00:12:57.639> civilization
really since the dawn of civilization
really since the dawn of civilization
mankind<00:12:58.839> mind<00:12:59.079> has<00:12:59.240> sought<00:12:59.519> to<00:12:59.680> avoid<00:13:00.000> it<00:13:00.959> but
mankind mind has sought to avoid it but
mankind mind has sought to avoid it but
we<00:13:01.240> are<00:13:01.399> going<00:13:01.560> to<00:13:01.760> have<00:13:01.880> to<00:13:02.320> understand<00:13:02.440> it<00:13:02.560> a
we are going to have to understand it a
we are going to have to understand it a
bit<00:13:03.279> better<00:13:04.279> in<00:13:04.480> Europe<00:13:04.800> Alone<00:13:05.320> by<00:13:05.560> 2050
bit better in Europe Alone by 2050
bit better in Europe Alone by 2050
there's<00:13:06.880> going<00:13:07.040> to<00:13:07.160> be<00:13:07.320> a<00:13:07.519> 70%<00:13:08.320> increase<00:13:08.760> of
there's going to be a 70% increase of
there's going to be a 70% increase of
individuals<00:13:09.639> over<00:13:10.079> 65<00:13:11.079> and<00:13:11.519> 170%<00:13:12.519> increase<00:13:12.920> in
individuals over 65 and 170% increase in
individuals over 65 and 170% increase in
individuals<00:13:13.680> over<00:13:14.040> 80<00:13:15.040> as<00:13:15.199> we<00:13:15.399> age<00:13:15.680> we
individuals over 80 as we age we
individuals over 80 as we age we
deteriorate<00:13:16.639> and<00:13:16.800> this<00:13:17.000> deterioration
deteriorate and this deterioration
deteriorate and this deterioration
causes<00:13:18.360> problems<00:13:18.680> for<00:13:18.880> the<00:13:19.040> so<00:13:19.360> for<00:13:19.519> our
causes problems for the so for our
causes problems for the so for our
society<00:13:20.680> so<00:13:20.880> we<00:13:21.040> have<00:13:21.160> to<00:13:21.360> address<00:13:21.839> it<00:13:22.839> so<00:13:23.519> how
society so we have to address it so how
society so we have to address it so how
could<00:13:24.360> this<00:13:24.560> secret<00:13:24.880> of<00:13:25.079> everlasting<00:13:25.680> youth
could this secret of everlasting youth
could this secret of everlasting youth
actually<00:13:26.760> lie<00:13:27.320> within<00:13:27.560> a<00:13:27.760> bat<00:13:28.000> Gena<00:13:28.959> does
actually lie within a bat Gena does
actually lie within a bat Gena does
anybody<00:13:29.399> want<00:13:29.480> to<00:13:29.600> Hazard<00:13:29.920> a<00:13:30.079> guess<00:13:30.440> over<00:13:31.199> how
anybody want to Hazard a guess over how
anybody want to Hazard a guess over how
long<00:13:31.680> this<00:13:31.880> bat<00:13:32.160> could<00:13:32.320> live<00:13:32.600> for<00:13:33.600> who<00:13:33.839> put<00:13:34.000> up
long this bat could live for who put up
long this bat could live for who put up
your<00:13:34.279> hands<00:13:34.519> who<00:13:34.680> says<00:13:34.959> two
your hands who says two
your hands who says two
years<00:13:37.440> nobody<00:13:38.440> one<00:13:39.240> how<00:13:39.440> about<00:13:39.639> 10
years nobody one how about 10
years nobody one how about 10
years<00:13:42.000> some<00:13:42.519> how<00:13:42.720> about
years some how about
years some how about
30<00:13:44.720> how<00:13:44.880> about
30 how about
30 how about
40<00:13:47.000> okay<00:13:47.120> it's<00:13:47.240> a<00:13:47.360> whole<00:13:47.519> varied<00:13:47.880> response
40 okay it's a whole varied response
40 okay it's a whole varied response
this<00:13:48.959> bat<00:13:49.160> is<00:13:49.320> myot<00:13:49.760> branti<00:13:50.199> ey<00:13:50.399> it's<00:13:50.519> the
this bat is myot branti ey it's the
this bat is myot branti ey it's the
longest<00:13:51.000> living<00:13:51.320> bat<00:13:51.920> it<00:13:52.079> lives<00:13:52.399> for<00:13:52.560> up<00:13:52.720> to<00:13:52.959> 42
longest living bat it lives for up to 42
longest living bat it lives for up to 42
years<00:13:54.399> and<00:13:54.519> this<00:13:54.680> bat's<00:13:55.000> still<00:13:55.199> alive<00:13:55.480> in<00:13:55.600> the
years and this bat's still alive in the
years and this bat's still alive in the
wild<00:13:56.000> today<00:13:57.000> but<00:13:57.199> what<00:13:57.320> would<00:13:57.440> be<00:13:57.600> so<00:13:57.839> amazing
wild today but what would be so amazing
wild today but what would be so amazing
about<00:13:58.519> this
about this
about this
well<00:14:00.759> typically<00:14:01.199> in<00:14:01.800> mammals<00:14:02.800> there<00:14:03.120> is<00:14:03.360> a
well typically in mammals there is a
well typically in mammals there is a
relationship<00:14:04.160> between<00:14:04.519> body<00:14:04.920> size<00:14:05.880> metabolic
relationship between body size metabolic
relationship between body size metabolic
rate<00:14:06.839> and<00:14:07.000> how<00:14:07.120> long<00:14:07.279> you<00:14:07.399> can<00:14:07.560> live<00:14:07.759> for<00:14:08.079> and
rate and how long you can live for and
rate and how long you can live for and
you<00:14:08.320> can<00:14:08.560> predict<00:14:09.160> how<00:14:09.320> long<00:14:09.480> a<00:14:09.639> mammal<00:14:09.920> can
you can predict how long a mammal can
you can predict how long a mammal can
live<00:14:10.240> for<00:14:10.480> given<00:14:10.720> its<00:14:10.920> body<00:14:11.240> size<00:14:12.120> so
live for given its body size so
live for given its body size so
typically<00:14:12.880> small<00:14:13.279> mammals<00:14:13.959> live<00:14:14.279> fast<00:14:14.920> Die
typically small mammals live fast Die
typically small mammals live fast Die
Young<00:14:15.759> think<00:14:15.920> of<00:14:16.040> a<00:14:16.160> mouse<00:14:16.800> but<00:14:16.959> bats<00:14:17.199> are<00:14:17.399> very
Young think of a mouse but bats are very
Young think of a mouse but bats are very
different<00:14:18.519> as<00:14:18.600> you<00:14:18.720> can<00:14:18.839> see<00:14:19.079> here<00:14:19.240> on<00:14:19.480> this
different as you can see here on this
different as you can see here on this
graph<00:14:20.440> in<00:14:20.680> blue<00:14:21.360> these<00:14:21.480> are<00:14:21.639> all<00:14:21.839> other
graph in blue these are all other
graph in blue these are all other
mammals<00:14:22.959> but<00:14:23.160> bats<00:14:23.800> can<00:14:23.959> live<00:14:24.199> up<00:14:24.320> to<00:14:24.480> nine
mammals but bats can live up to nine
mammals but bats can live up to nine
times<00:14:25.240> longer<00:14:25.600> than<00:14:25.839> expected<00:14:26.360> despite
times longer than expected despite
times longer than expected despite
having<00:14:27.000> a<00:14:27.199> really<00:14:27.560> really<00:14:27.880> high<00:14:28.160> metabolic
having a really really high metabolic
having a really really high metabolic
right<00:14:29.360> and<00:14:29.480> the<00:14:29.680> question<00:14:29.959> is<00:14:30.399> how<00:14:30.560> can<00:14:30.759> they
right and the question is how can they
right and the question is how can they
do<00:14:31.199> that<00:14:32.120> there<00:14:32.240> are<00:14:32.519> 19<00:14:33.360> species<00:14:33.759> of<00:14:33.959> mammal
do that there are 19 species of mammal
do that there are 19 species of mammal
that<00:14:34.920> live<00:14:35.120> longer<00:14:35.440> than<00:14:35.680> expected<00:14:36.120> given
that live longer than expected given
that live longer than expected given
their<00:14:36.480> body<00:14:36.880> size<00:14:37.279> than<00:14:37.519> man<00:14:38.000> and<00:14:38.199> 18<00:14:38.800> of<00:14:39.000> those
their body size than man and 18 of those
their body size than man and 18 of those
are
are
are
bats<00:14:41.480> so<00:14:41.839> therefore<00:14:42.839> they<00:14:43.199> must<00:14:44.079> have
bats so therefore they must have
bats so therefore they must have
something<00:14:45.000> within<00:14:45.240> their<00:14:45.440> DNA<00:14:46.000> that<00:14:46.240> Ables
something within their DNA that Ables
something within their DNA that Ables
them<00:14:46.880> deal<00:14:47.199> with<00:14:47.399> the<00:14:47.639> metabolic<00:14:48.279> stresses
them deal with the metabolic stresses
them deal with the metabolic stresses
particularly<00:14:49.680> of<00:14:49.880> flight<00:14:50.759> they<00:14:50.920> expand<00:14:51.399> three
particularly of flight they expand three
particularly of flight they expand three
times<00:14:52.000> more<00:14:52.279> energy<00:14:53.040> the<00:14:53.160> mammal<00:14:53.519> of<00:14:53.639> the<00:14:53.759> same
times more energy the mammal of the same
times more energy the mammal of the same
size<00:14:54.399> but<00:14:54.519> don't<00:14:54.800> seem<00:14:55.040> to<00:14:55.199> suffer<00:14:55.560> the
size but don't seem to suffer the
size but don't seem to suffer the
consequences<00:14:56.399> or<00:14:56.600> the<00:14:56.800> effects<00:14:57.800> so<00:14:58.120> right<00:14:58.320> now
consequences or the effects so right now
consequences or the effects so right now
in<00:14:59.320> my<00:14:59.560> lab<00:15:00.399> we're<00:15:00.839> combining
in my lab we're combining
in my lab we're combining
state-of-the-art<00:15:02.800> bat<00:15:03.120> field<00:15:03.680> biology<00:15:04.320> going
state-of-the-art bat field biology going
state-of-the-art bat field biology going
and<00:15:04.839> catching<00:15:05.160> the<00:15:05.279> Long<00:15:05.560> Live<00:15:05.800> bats<00:15:06.639> with<00:15:06.959> the
and catching the Long Live bats with the
and catching the Long Live bats with the
most<00:15:07.440> upto-date<00:15:07.959> modern<00:15:08.959> molecular
most upto-date modern molecular
most upto-date modern molecular
technology<00:15:10.320> to<00:15:10.920> understand<00:15:11.279> better<00:15:11.800> what<00:15:11.920> it
technology to understand better what it
technology to understand better what it
is<00:15:12.399> that<00:15:12.639> they<00:15:12.839> do<00:15:13.720> to<00:15:13.920> stop<00:15:14.240> aging<00:15:14.880> as<00:15:15.079> we<00:15:15.240> do
is that they do to stop aging as we do
is that they do to stop aging as we do
and<00:15:16.160> hopefully<00:15:16.519> in<00:15:16.600> the<00:15:16.720> next<00:15:16.959> five<00:15:17.160> years
and hopefully in the next five years
and hopefully in the next five years
I'll<00:15:17.560> be<00:15:17.680> giving<00:15:17.839> you<00:15:17.959> a<00:15:18.040> Ted<00:15:18.320> Talk<00:15:18.560> on<00:15:18.759> that
I'll be giving you a Ted Talk on that
I'll be giving you a Ted Talk on that
aging<00:15:19.880> is<00:15:19.959> a<00:15:20.160> big<00:15:20.440> problem<00:15:21.120> for<00:15:21.839> Humanity<00:15:22.839> and
aging is a big problem for Humanity and
aging is a big problem for Humanity and
I<00:15:23.240> believe<00:15:23.839> that<00:15:24.000> by<00:15:24.120> studying<00:15:24.560> bats<00:15:24.959> we<00:15:25.040> can
I believe that by studying bats we can
I believe that by studying bats we can
uncover<00:15:25.959> the<00:15:26.120> molecular<00:15:26.639> mechanisms<00:15:27.560> that
uncover the molecular mechanisms that
uncover the molecular mechanisms that
enable<00:15:28.120> mammals<00:15:28.440> to<00:15:28.680> achieve<00:15:29.000> extraordinary
enable mammals to achieve extraordinary
enable mammals to achieve extraordinary
Longevity<00:15:30.959> if<00:15:31.079> we<00:15:31.319> find<00:15:31.560> out<00:15:31.800> what<00:15:31.959> they're
Longevity if we find out what they're
Longevity if we find out what they're
doing<00:15:32.920> perhaps<00:15:33.279> through<00:15:33.519> gene<00:15:34.199> therapy<00:15:34.920> we
doing perhaps through gene therapy we
doing perhaps through gene therapy we
can<00:15:35.199> enable<00:15:35.560> us<00:15:35.720> to<00:15:35.880> do<00:15:36.040> the<00:15:36.199> same<00:15:36.680> thing
can enable us to do the same thing
can enable us to do the same thing
potentially<00:15:38.720> this<00:15:38.880> means<00:15:39.199> that<00:15:39.360> we<00:15:39.480> could
potentially this means that we could
potentially this means that we could
halt<00:15:40.040> aging<00:15:40.519> or<00:15:40.720> maybe<00:15:41.000> even<00:15:41.240> reverse<00:15:41.639> it<00:15:42.480> and
halt aging or maybe even reverse it and
halt aging or maybe even reverse it and
just<00:15:43.040> imagine<00:15:43.560> what<00:15:43.720> that<00:15:43.839> would<00:15:44.000> be
just imagine what that would be
just imagine what that would be
like<00:15:47.120> so<00:15:47.399> really<00:15:48.079> I<00:15:48.160> don't<00:15:48.399> think<00:15:48.560> we<00:15:48.680> should
like so really I don't think we should
like so really I don't think we should
be<00:15:49.000> thinking<00:15:49.360> them<00:15:49.519> as<00:15:49.680> flying<00:15:50.279> Demons<00:15:50.720> of<00:15:50.880> the
be thinking them as flying Demons of the
be thinking them as flying Demons of the
night<00:15:51.720> but<00:15:52.199> more<00:15:52.800> as<00:15:52.920> our
night but more as our
night but more as our
superheroes<00:15:54.800> and<00:15:54.920> the<00:15:55.079> reality<00:15:55.519> that<00:15:56.120> bats
superheroes and the reality that bats
superheroes and the reality that bats
can<00:15:56.720> bring<00:15:57.000> us<00:15:57.279> so<00:15:57.519> much<00:15:57.759> benefits<00:15:58.240> if<00:15:58.360> we<00:15:58.680> us
can bring us so much benefits if we us
can bring us so much benefits if we us
look<00:15:58.920> in<00:15:59.040> the<00:15:59.199> right<00:15:59.440> place<00:16:00.079> they're<00:16:00.279> good<00:16:00.399> for
look in the right place they're good for
look in the right place they're good for
our<00:16:00.720> ecosystem<00:16:01.480> they<00:16:01.600> allow<00:16:01.880> us<00:16:02.399> understand
our ecosystem they allow us understand
our ecosystem they allow us understand
how<00:16:02.680> our<00:16:02.839> genome<00:16:03.240> functions<00:16:04.120> and<00:16:04.279> they
how our genome functions and they
how our genome functions and they
potentially<00:16:05.040> hold<00:16:05.480> secret<00:16:05.839> to<00:16:06.040> Everlasting
potentially hold secret to Everlasting
potentially hold secret to Everlasting
youth<00:16:07.319> so<00:16:07.560> tonight<00:16:08.360> when<00:16:08.519> you<00:16:08.639> walk<00:16:08.839> out<00:16:08.959> of
youth so tonight when you walk out of
youth so tonight when you walk out of
here<00:16:09.360> and<00:16:09.480> you<00:16:09.600> look<00:16:09.759> up<00:16:09.880> in<00:16:10.000> the<00:16:10.079> night<00:16:10.399> skies
here and you look up in the night skies
here and you look up in the night skies
and<00:16:11.040> you<00:16:11.160> see<00:16:11.800> this<00:16:12.000> beautiful<00:16:12.360> flying<00:16:12.720> mammal
and you see this beautiful flying mammal
and you see this beautiful flying mammal
I<00:16:13.399> want<00:16:13.560> you<00:16:13.680> to<00:16:13.839> smile<00:16:14.720> thank
I want you to smile thank
I want you to smile thank
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Music]
you
Emma Teeling, TED, TEDx, TEDxDublin, TED, Ed, TED-Ed, TEDEducation, zoology, bats, biology, science, rethink, bats
