Energy from floating algae pods - Jonathan Trent
some<00:00:16.450> years<00:00:16.630> ago<00:00:16.779> I<00:00:16.990> set<00:00:17.349> out<00:00:17.380> to<00:00:17.619> try<00:00:17.740> to
some years ago I set out to try to
some years ago I set out to try to
understand<00:00:18.460> if<00:00:18.670> there<00:00:18.849> was<00:00:18.970> a<00:00:19.000> possibility<00:00:19.509> to
understand if there was a possibility to
understand if there was a possibility to
develop<00:00:20.740> biofuels<00:00:21.369> on<00:00:21.759> a<00:00:22.200> scale<00:00:23.200> that<00:00:23.230> would
develop biofuels on a scale that would
develop biofuels on a scale that would
actually<00:00:23.740> compete<00:00:24.400> with<00:00:24.610> fossil<00:00:24.789> fuels<00:00:25.300> but
actually compete with fossil fuels but
actually compete with fossil fuels but
not<00:00:26.410> compete<00:00:27.039> with<00:00:27.220> agriculture<00:00:27.939> for<00:00:28.810> water
not compete with agriculture for water
not compete with agriculture for water
fertilizer<00:00:30.160> or<00:00:30.759> land<00:00:31.290> so<00:00:32.290> here's<00:00:32.470> what<00:00:32.650> i<00:00:32.680> came
fertilizer or land so here's what i came
fertilizer or land so here's what i came
up<00:00:33.010> with<00:00:33.190> imagine<00:00:34.120> that<00:00:34.150> we<00:00:34.300> build<00:00:34.480> an
up with imagine that we build an
up with imagine that we build an
enclosure<00:00:34.809> we<00:00:35.140> put<00:00:35.320> it<00:00:35.410> just<00:00:35.650> under<00:00:36.010> water<00:00:36.220> and
enclosure we put it just under water and
enclosure we put it just under water and
we<00:00:36.850> fill<00:00:37.089> it<00:00:37.180> with<00:00:37.300> wastewater<00:00:37.629> in<00:00:38.019> some<00:00:38.260> form
we fill it with wastewater in some form
we fill it with wastewater in some form
of<00:00:38.680> microalgae<00:00:39.250> that<00:00:39.519> produces<00:00:39.970> oil<00:00:40.150> and<00:00:40.690> we
of microalgae that produces oil and we
of microalgae that produces oil and we
make<00:00:40.960> it<00:00:41.080> out<00:00:41.170> of<00:00:41.199> some<00:00:41.500> kind<00:00:41.710> of<00:00:41.830> flexible
make it out of some kind of flexible
make it out of some kind of flexible
material<00:00:42.790> that<00:00:42.940> moves<00:00:43.180> with<00:00:43.390> waves
material that moves with waves
material that moves with waves
underwater<00:00:44.379> and<00:00:44.649> the<00:00:45.489> system<00:00:45.879> that<00:00:46.059> we're
underwater and the system that we're
underwater and the system that we're
going<00:00:46.239> to<00:00:46.329> build<00:00:46.510> of<00:00:46.719> course<00:00:46.930> will<00:00:47.079> use<00:00:47.200> solar
going to build of course will use solar
going to build of course will use solar
energy<00:00:47.680> to<00:00:48.280> grow<00:00:48.550> the<00:00:48.789> algae<00:00:49.149> and<00:00:49.360> they<00:00:49.510> use
energy to grow the algae and they use
energy to grow the algae and they use
co2<00:00:50.050> which<00:00:50.590> is<00:00:50.739> good<00:00:50.949> and<00:00:51.219> they<00:00:51.910> produce
co2 which is good and they produce
co2 which is good and they produce
oxygen<00:00:52.570> as<00:00:52.899> they<00:00:53.050> grow<00:00:53.320> the<00:00:54.160> algae<00:00:54.640> that<00:00:54.670> grow
oxygen as they grow the algae that grow
oxygen as they grow the algae that grow
are<00:00:56.079> in<00:00:56.710> a<00:00:56.890> container<00:00:57.340> that<00:00:57.660> distributes<00:00:58.660> the
are in a container that distributes the
are in a container that distributes the
heat<00:00:58.960> to<00:00:59.109> the<00:00:59.199> surrounding<00:00:59.680> water<00:00:59.920> and<00:01:00.219> you
heat to the surrounding water and you
heat to the surrounding water and you
can<00:01:01.030> harvest<00:01:01.329> them<00:01:01.600> and<00:01:01.750> make<00:01:01.899> biofuels<00:01:02.530> and
can harvest them and make biofuels and
can harvest them and make biofuels and
cosmetics<00:01:03.399> and<00:01:03.609> fertilizer<00:01:04.000> an<00:01:04.210> animal<00:01:04.539> feed
cosmetics and fertilizer an animal feed
cosmetics and fertilizer an animal feed
and<00:01:04.960> of<00:01:05.500> course<00:01:05.560> you'd<00:01:05.860> have<00:01:05.890> to<00:01:06.130> make<00:01:06.250> a<00:01:06.280> large
and of course you'd have to make a large
and of course you'd have to make a large
area<00:01:07.450> of<00:01:07.630> this<00:01:07.810> so<00:01:08.110> you'd<00:01:08.289> have<00:01:08.619> to<00:01:09.130> worry
area of this so you'd have to worry
area of this so you'd have to worry
about<00:01:09.610> other<00:01:09.910> stakeholders<00:01:10.630> like<00:01:10.770> fishermen
about other stakeholders like fishermen
about other stakeholders like fishermen
and<00:01:12.130> ships<00:01:12.550> and<00:01:12.759> such<00:01:13.660> things<00:01:13.929> but<00:01:14.110> hey<00:01:14.320> we're
and ships and such things but hey we're
and ships and such things but hey we're
talking<00:01:15.250> about<00:01:15.340> biofuels<00:01:16.119> and<00:01:16.689> we<00:01:17.590> know<00:01:17.830> the
talking about biofuels and we know the
talking about biofuels and we know the
importance<00:01:18.520> of<00:01:18.640> potentially<00:01:19.210> getting<00:01:19.390> an
importance of potentially getting an
importance of potentially getting an
alternative<00:01:20.049> liquid<00:01:20.350> fuel<00:01:21.330> why<00:01:22.330> are<00:01:22.479> we
alternative liquid fuel why are we
alternative liquid fuel why are we
talking<00:01:22.900> about<00:01:22.930> microalgae<00:01:24.090> here<00:01:25.090> you<00:01:25.240> see<00:01:25.450> a
talking about microalgae here you see a
talking about microalgae here you see a
graph<00:01:26.049> showing<00:01:26.080> you<00:01:26.740> the<00:01:27.490> different<00:01:27.909> types<00:01:28.360> of
graph showing you the different types of
graph showing you the different types of
crops<00:01:28.810> that<00:01:29.170> are<00:01:29.229> being<00:01:29.439> considered<00:01:29.950> for
crops that are being considered for
crops that are being considered for
making<00:01:30.700> biofuels<00:01:31.079> so<00:01:32.079> you<00:01:32.619> can<00:01:32.770> see<00:01:32.979> some
making biofuels so you can see some
making biofuels so you can see some
things<00:01:33.759> like<00:01:34.000> soybean<00:01:34.479> which<00:01:34.659> makes<00:01:34.900> 50
things like soybean which makes 50
things like soybean which makes 50
gallons<00:01:35.619> per<00:01:35.770> acre<00:01:35.829> per<00:01:36.040> year<00:01:36.250> or<00:01:37.020> sunflower
gallons per acre per year or sunflower
gallons per acre per year or sunflower
canola<00:01:39.100> or<00:01:39.280> jatropha<00:01:39.880> or<00:01:40.299> palm<00:01:40.630> and<00:01:41.100> that<00:01:42.100> tall
canola or jatropha or palm and that tall
canola or jatropha or palm and that tall
graph<00:01:43.450> there<00:01:43.810> shows<00:01:44.200> what<00:01:44.590> microalgae<00:01:45.070> can
graph there shows what microalgae can
graph there shows what microalgae can
contribute<00:01:45.720> that<00:01:46.720> is<00:01:46.840> to<00:01:46.930> say<00:01:46.960> microalgae
contribute that is to say microalgae
contribute that is to say microalgae
contributes<00:01:48.070> between<00:01:48.280> 2000<00:01:49.000> and<00:01:49.119> 5,000
contributes between 2000 and 5,000
contributes between 2000 and 5,000
gallons<00:01:50.290> per<00:01:50.470> acre<00:01:50.500> per<00:01:50.740> year<00:01:50.939> compared<00:01:51.939> to
gallons per acre per year compared to
gallons per acre per year compared to
the<00:01:52.119> 50<00:01:52.390> gallons<00:01:52.630> per<00:01:52.720> acre<00:01:52.780> per<00:01:52.960> year<00:01:53.110> from
the 50 gallons per acre per year from
the 50 gallons per acre per year from
soy<00:01:54.240> so<00:01:55.240> what<00:01:55.600> are<00:01:55.630> microalgae<00:01:56.399> microalgae
soy so what are microalgae microalgae
soy so what are microalgae microalgae
are<00:01:57.729> micro<00:01:58.299> that<00:01:58.540> is<00:01:58.659> they're<00:01:58.780> extremely
are micro that is they're extremely
are micro that is they're extremely
small<00:01:59.500> as<00:01:59.799> you<00:01:59.920> can<00:02:00.100> see<00:02:00.280> here<00:02:00.670> a<00:02:00.820> picture<00:02:01.509> of
small as you can see here a picture of
small as you can see here a picture of
those<00:02:01.950> single-celled<00:02:02.950> organisms<00:02:03.610> compared
those single-celled organisms compared
those single-celled organisms compared
to<00:02:04.060> a<00:02:04.090> human<00:02:04.299> hair<00:02:05.250> those<00:02:06.250> small<00:02:06.700> organisms
to a human hair those small organisms
to a human hair those small organisms
have<00:02:07.689> been<00:02:08.560> around<00:02:08.829> for<00:02:09.009> millions<00:02:09.369> of<00:02:09.670> years
have been around for millions of years
have been around for millions of years
and<00:02:10.209> there's<00:02:10.390> thousands<00:02:10.959> of<00:02:11.110> different
and there's thousands of different
and there's thousands of different
species<00:02:11.650> of<00:02:11.860> microalgae<00:02:12.519> in<00:02:12.760> the<00:02:12.850> world<00:02:13.030> some
species of microalgae in the world some
species of microalgae in the world some
of<00:02:13.870> which<00:02:13.959> are<00:02:14.079> the<00:02:14.200> fastest<00:02:14.650> growing<00:02:14.860> plants
of which are the fastest growing plants
of which are the fastest growing plants
on<00:02:15.579> the<00:02:15.670> planet<00:02:15.820> and<00:02:16.239> produce<00:02:16.630> as<00:02:16.870> I<00:02:16.959> just
on the planet and produce as I just
on the planet and produce as I just
showed<00:02:17.350> you<00:02:17.380> lots<00:02:17.799> and<00:02:18.010> lots<00:02:18.160> of<00:02:18.280> oil<00:02:18.459> now<00:02:19.410> why
showed you lots and lots of oil now why
showed you lots and lots of oil now why
do<00:02:20.470> we<00:02:20.650> want<00:02:20.859> to<00:02:20.889> do<00:02:21.040> this<00:02:21.220> offshore<00:02:22.030> well<00:02:23.019> the
do we want to do this offshore well the
do we want to do this offshore well the
reason<00:02:24.040> we're<00:02:24.280> doing<00:02:24.340> this<00:02:24.489> offshore
reason we're doing this offshore
reason we're doing this offshore
because<00:02:25.520> if<00:02:25.640> you<00:02:25.730> look<00:02:25.880> at<00:02:26.030> our<00:02:26.120> coastal
because if you look at our coastal
because if you look at our coastal
cities<00:02:26.900> there<00:02:27.860> isn't<00:02:28.670> a<00:02:28.730> choice<00:02:29.470> because
cities there isn't a choice because
cities there isn't a choice because
we're<00:02:30.980> going<00:02:31.070> to<00:02:31.130> use<00:02:31.310> waste<00:02:31.580> water<00:02:31.820> as<00:02:32.030> I
we're going to use waste water as I
we're going to use waste water as I
suggested<00:02:32.690> and<00:02:33.020> if<00:02:33.350> you<00:02:33.740> look<00:02:33.920> at<00:02:34.010> where<00:02:34.130> most
suggested and if you look at where most
suggested and if you look at where most
of<00:02:34.580> the<00:02:34.640> wastewater<00:02:34.910> treatment<00:02:35.180> plants<00:02:35.660> are
of the wastewater treatment plants are
of the wastewater treatment plants are
they're<00:02:36.320> embedded<00:02:36.770> in<00:02:37.070> the<00:02:37.160> cities<00:02:37.540> it's<00:02:38.540> this
they're embedded in the cities it's this
they're embedded in the cities it's this
in<00:02:38.870> city<00:02:39.050> of<00:02:39.380> San<00:02:39.590> Francisco<00:02:40.010> which<00:02:40.160> has<00:02:40.310> 900
in city of San Francisco which has 900
in city of San Francisco which has 900
miles<00:02:41.570> of<00:02:42.110> sewer<00:02:42.770> pipes<00:02:43.070> under<00:02:43.430> the<00:02:43.520> city
miles of sewer pipes under the city
miles of sewer pipes under the city
already<00:02:43.940> and<00:02:44.390> it<00:02:45.200> releases<00:02:46.070> its<00:02:46.370> wastewater
already and it releases its wastewater
already and it releases its wastewater
offshore<00:02:47.860> so<00:02:49.990> different<00:02:50.990> cities<00:02:51.230> around<00:02:51.260> the
offshore so different cities around the
offshore so different cities around the
world<00:02:51.620> treat<00:02:52.100> their<00:02:52.280> wastewater<00:02:52.550> differently
world treat their wastewater differently
world treat their wastewater differently
some<00:02:53.780> cities<00:02:54.080> process<00:02:54.560> it<00:02:54.680> some<00:02:54.950> cities<00:02:55.160> just
some cities process it some cities just
some cities process it some cities just
release<00:02:56.120> the<00:02:56.300> water<00:02:56.450> but<00:02:56.960> in<00:02:57.080> all<00:02:57.290> cases<00:02:57.530> the
release the water but in all cases the
release the water but in all cases the
water<00:02:58.459> this<00:02:58.640> released<00:02:59.000> is<00:02:59.240> perfectly<00:02:59.720> out<00:02:59.870> of
water this released is perfectly out of
water this released is perfectly out of
for<00:03:00.410> growing<00:03:00.620> microalgae<00:03:01.340> so<00:03:02.300> let's<00:03:02.510> envision
for growing microalgae so let's envision
for growing microalgae so let's envision
what<00:03:02.900> the<00:03:03.020> system<00:03:03.200> might<00:03:03.500> look<00:03:03.650> like<00:03:03.709> we<00:03:04.340> call
what the system might look like we call
what the system might look like we call
it<00:03:04.610> Omega<00:03:04.910> which<00:03:05.450> is<00:03:05.600> an<00:03:05.690> acronym<00:03:05.840> for
it Omega which is an acronym for
it Omega which is an acronym for
offshore<00:03:06.610> membrane<00:03:07.610> enclosures<00:03:08.360> for<00:03:08.570> growing
offshore membrane enclosures for growing
offshore membrane enclosures for growing
algae<00:03:09.440> and<00:03:10.190> that's<00:03:10.610> we<00:03:10.760> have<00:03:10.880> to<00:03:10.940> have<00:03:11.030> good
algae and that's we have to have good
algae and that's we have to have good
acronyms<00:03:12.580> so<00:03:13.580> how<00:03:13.700> does<00:03:13.760> it<00:03:13.880> work<00:03:13.970> I<00:03:14.240> sort<00:03:14.450> of
acronyms so how does it work I sort of
acronyms so how does it work I sort of
showed<00:03:14.690> you<00:03:14.810> how<00:03:14.930> it<00:03:14.990> works<00:03:15.080> already<00:03:15.440> we<00:03:16.070> put
showed you how it works already we put
showed you how it works already we put
waste<00:03:17.540> water<00:03:17.900> and<00:03:18.290> some<00:03:18.620> source<00:03:18.860> of<00:03:19.010> co2<00:03:19.370> into
waste water and some source of co2 into
waste water and some source of co2 into
our<00:03:20.840> floating<00:03:21.320> structure<00:03:22.010> and<00:03:22.250> the<00:03:23.060> waste
our floating structure and the waste
our floating structure and the waste
water<00:03:24.110> provides<00:03:24.470> nutrients<00:03:24.950> for<00:03:25.070> the<00:03:25.130> algae
water provides nutrients for the algae
water provides nutrients for the algae
to<00:03:25.520> grow<00:03:25.580> and<00:03:26.090> they<00:03:26.630> sequester<00:03:27.260> co2<00:03:27.830> that
to grow and they sequester co2 that
to grow and they sequester co2 that
would<00:03:28.400> otherwise<00:03:28.490> go<00:03:28.880> off<00:03:29.030> into<00:03:29.209> the
would otherwise go off into the
would otherwise go off into the
atmosphere<00:03:29.390> as<00:03:29.989> a<00:03:30.050> greenhouse<00:03:30.440> gas<00:03:30.709> they<00:03:31.670> of
atmosphere as a greenhouse gas they of
atmosphere as a greenhouse gas they of
course<00:03:32.090> use<00:03:32.450> solar<00:03:32.780> energy<00:03:32.870> to<00:03:33.380> grow<00:03:33.530> and<00:03:33.950> the
course use solar energy to grow and the
course use solar energy to grow and the
wave<00:03:34.640> energy<00:03:34.880> on<00:03:35.269> the<00:03:35.390> surface<00:03:35.720> provides
wave energy on the surface provides
wave energy on the surface provides
energy<00:03:36.320> for<00:03:36.500> mixing<00:03:36.920> the<00:03:37.070> algae<00:03:37.370> and<00:03:37.519> the
energy for mixing the algae and the
energy for mixing the algae and the
temperature<00:03:38.600> is<00:03:38.870> controlled<00:03:39.019> by<00:03:39.380> the
temperature is controlled by the
temperature is controlled by the
surrounding<00:03:40.310> water<00:03:40.550> temperature<00:03:41.090> the<00:03:41.750> algae
surrounding water temperature the algae
surrounding water temperature the algae
that<00:03:42.140> grow<00:03:42.530> produce<00:03:42.890> oxygen<00:03:43.519> as<00:03:43.850> I've
that grow produce oxygen as I've
that grow produce oxygen as I've
mentioned<00:03:44.030> and<00:03:44.660> they<00:03:44.989> also<00:03:45.140> produce<00:03:45.580> biofuels
mentioned and they also produce biofuels
mentioned and they also produce biofuels
and<00:03:46.880> fertilizer<00:03:47.360> and<00:03:47.750> food<00:03:47.959> and<00:03:48.320> other<00:03:48.470> by
and fertilizer and food and other by
and fertilizer and food and other by
algal<00:03:49.940> products<00:03:50.450> of<00:03:50.660> interest<00:03:51.140> and<00:03:51.430> the
algal products of interest and the
algal products of interest and the
system<00:03:52.790> is<00:03:52.850> contained<00:03:53.360> what<00:03:53.840> do<00:03:53.900> I<00:03:53.959> mean<00:03:54.170> by
system is contained what do I mean by
system is contained what do I mean by
that<00:03:54.530> it's<00:03:55.250> modular<00:03:55.580> let's<00:03:56.209> say<00:03:56.330> something
that it's modular let's say something
that it's modular let's say something
happens<00:03:56.930> that's<00:03:57.080> totally<00:03:57.380> unexpected<00:03:57.890> to<00:03:57.980> one
happens that's totally unexpected to one
happens that's totally unexpected to one
of<00:03:58.190> the<00:03:58.250> modules<00:03:58.400> it<00:03:59.000> leaks<00:03:59.420> struck<00:03:59.870> by
of the modules it leaks struck by
of the modules it leaks struck by
lightning<00:04:00.489> the<00:04:01.489> wastewater<00:04:01.880> that<00:04:02.090> leaks<00:04:02.360> out
lightning the wastewater that leaks out
lightning the wastewater that leaks out
is<00:04:02.660> the<00:04:02.780> water<00:04:02.989> that<00:04:03.200> already<00:04:03.680> now<00:04:03.860> goes<00:04:04.160> into
is the water that already now goes into
is the water that already now goes into
that<00:04:04.519> coastal<00:04:05.120> environment<00:04:05.630> and<00:04:05.750> the<00:04:06.560> algae
that coastal environment and the algae
that coastal environment and the algae
that<00:04:06.950> leaked<00:04:07.190> out<00:04:07.340> or<00:04:07.489> biodegradable<00:04:08.209> and
that leaked out or biodegradable and
that leaked out or biodegradable and
because<00:04:09.170> they're<00:04:09.350> living<00:04:09.560> in<00:04:09.620> wastewater
because they're living in wastewater
because they're living in wastewater
they're<00:04:10.190> freshwater<00:04:10.459> algae<00:04:10.880> which<00:04:11.630> means
they're freshwater algae which means
they're freshwater algae which means
they<00:04:12.590> can't<00:04:12.860> live<00:04:12.980> in<00:04:13.100> salt<00:04:13.310> water<00:04:13.370> so<00:04:13.730> they
they can't live in salt water so they
they can't live in salt water so they
die<00:04:14.030> the<00:04:14.510> plastic<00:04:15.080> will<00:04:15.230> build<00:04:15.410> it<00:04:15.530> out<00:04:15.620> it<00:04:15.739> was
die the plastic will build it out it was
die the plastic will build it out it was
some<00:04:16.040> kind<00:04:16.070> of<00:04:16.400> well<00:04:17.359> known<00:04:17.390> plastic<00:04:18.140> that<00:04:18.260> we
some kind of well known plastic that we
some kind of well known plastic that we
have<00:04:18.530> good<00:04:18.709> experience<00:04:19.190> with<00:04:19.340> and<00:04:19.489> we'll
have good experience with and we'll
have good experience with and we'll
rebuild<00:04:19.910> our<00:04:20.359> modules<00:04:20.870> to<00:04:21.350> be<00:04:21.500> able<00:04:21.590> to<00:04:21.859> use
rebuild our modules to be able to use
rebuild our modules to be able to use
them<00:04:22.550> again<00:04:23.620> so<00:04:24.620> we<00:04:25.250> may<00:04:25.400> be<00:04:25.430> able<00:04:25.640> to<00:04:25.760> go
them again so we may be able to go
them again so we may be able to go
beyond<00:04:26.510> that<00:04:26.660> when<00:04:27.229> thinking<00:04:27.620> about<00:04:27.740> this
beyond that when thinking about this
beyond that when thinking about this
system<00:04:28.400> that<00:04:28.790> I'm<00:04:28.910> showing<00:04:29.150> you<00:04:29.300> and<00:04:29.600> that<00:04:29.930> is
system that I'm showing you and that is
system that I'm showing you and that is
to<00:04:30.140> say<00:04:30.260> we<00:04:30.440> need<00:04:30.680> to<00:04:30.710> think<00:04:31.040> in<00:04:31.220> terms<00:04:31.250> of<00:04:31.700> the
to say we need to think in terms of the
to say we need to think in terms of the
water<00:04:32.120> the<00:04:32.390> fresh<00:04:32.630> water<00:04:32.870> which<00:04:33.349> is<00:04:33.380> also
water the fresh water which is also
water the fresh water which is also
going<00:04:33.860> to<00:04:33.950> be<00:04:34.039> an<00:04:34.099> issue<00:04:34.220> in<00:04:34.550> the<00:04:34.640> future<00:04:34.820> and
going to be an issue in the future and
going to be an issue in the future and
we're<00:04:35.900> working<00:04:36.080> on<00:04:36.380> methods<00:04:36.770> now<00:04:36.950> for
we're working on methods now for
we're working on methods now for
recovering<00:04:38.000> the
recovering the
recovering the
ice<00:04:38.419> water<00:04:38.830> the<00:04:39.830> other<00:04:39.979> thing<00:04:40.189> to<00:04:40.250> consider<00:04:40.340> is
ice water the other thing to consider is
ice water the other thing to consider is
the<00:04:40.819> structure<00:04:41.300> itself<00:04:41.509> it<00:04:42.199> provides<00:04:42.919> a
the structure itself it provides a
the structure itself it provides a
surface<00:04:44.240> for<00:04:44.509> things<00:04:44.719> in<00:04:44.960> the<00:04:45.050> ocean<00:04:45.379> and<00:04:45.500> this
surface for things in the ocean and this
surface for things in the ocean and this
surface<00:04:46.909> which<00:04:47.360> is<00:04:47.389> covered<00:04:48.080> by<00:04:48.199> seaweeds<00:04:48.680> and
surface which is covered by seaweeds and
surface which is covered by seaweeds and
and<00:04:49.159> other<00:04:49.569> organisms<00:04:50.569> in<00:04:50.689> the<00:04:50.719> ocean<00:04:50.810> will
and other organisms in the ocean will
and other organisms in the ocean will
become<00:04:52.069> enhance<00:04:53.030> marine<00:04:53.990> habitat<00:04:54.979> so<00:04:55.460> it
become enhance marine habitat so it
become enhance marine habitat so it
increases<00:04:55.789> biodiversity<00:04:56.750> and<00:04:56.930> finally
increases biodiversity and finally
increases biodiversity and finally
because<00:04:58.039> it's<00:04:58.189> an<00:04:58.280> offshore<00:04:58.550> structure<00:04:59.090> we
because it's an offshore structure we
because it's an offshore structure we
can<00:04:59.719> think<00:04:59.960> in<00:05:00.110> terms<00:05:00.289> of<00:05:00.530> how<00:05:00.710> it<00:05:00.919> might
can think in terms of how it might
can think in terms of how it might
contribute<00:05:01.490> to<00:05:02.090> an<00:05:02.180> aquaculture<00:05:02.979> activity
contribute to an aquaculture activity
contribute to an aquaculture activity
offshore<00:05:04.960> so<00:05:05.960> you're<00:05:06.139> probably<00:05:06.259> thinking<00:05:06.650> gee
offshore so you're probably thinking gee
offshore so you're probably thinking gee
this<00:05:07.189> sounds<00:05:07.430> like<00:05:07.550> a<00:05:07.580> good<00:05:07.759> idea<00:05:07.900> what<00:05:08.900> can<00:05:09.080> we
this sounds like a good idea what can we
this sounds like a good idea what can we
do<00:05:09.409> to<00:05:09.620> try<00:05:10.099> to<00:05:10.129> see<00:05:10.430> if<00:05:10.580> it's<00:05:10.729> real<00:05:11.169> well<00:05:12.169> I<00:05:12.439> set
do to try to see if it's real well I set
do to try to see if it's real well I set
up<00:05:13.090> laboratories<00:05:14.090> in<00:05:14.810> santa<00:05:15.259> cruz<00:05:15.439> at<00:05:15.860> the
up laboratories in santa cruz at the
up laboratories in santa cruz at the
California<00:05:16.909> Fish<00:05:17.090> and<00:05:17.240> Game<00:05:17.449> facility<00:05:18.259> and
California Fish and Game facility and
California Fish and Game facility and
that<00:05:19.639> facility<00:05:20.150> allowed<00:05:20.479> us<00:05:20.659> to<00:05:20.689> have<00:05:20.960> big<00:05:21.229> sea
that facility allowed us to have big sea
that facility allowed us to have big sea
water<00:05:21.620> tanks<00:05:21.979> to<00:05:22.099> test<00:05:22.340> some<00:05:22.550> of<00:05:22.669> these<00:05:22.759> ideas
water tanks to test some of these ideas
water tanks to test some of these ideas
we<00:05:24.050> also<00:05:24.199> set<00:05:24.469> up<00:05:24.560> experiments<00:05:24.889> in<00:05:25.279> San
we also set up experiments in San
we also set up experiments in San
Francisco<00:05:25.939> at<00:05:26.449> one<00:05:26.689> of<00:05:26.779> the<00:05:26.870> three<00:05:27.110> wastewater
Francisco at one of the three wastewater
Francisco at one of the three wastewater
treatment<00:05:27.650> plants<00:05:28.219> again<00:05:29.060> a<00:05:29.240> facility<00:05:29.840> to
treatment plants again a facility to
treatment plants again a facility to
test<00:05:30.199> ideas<00:05:30.710> and<00:05:31.250> finally<00:05:32.090> we<00:05:32.180> wanted<00:05:32.449> to<00:05:32.539> see
test ideas and finally we wanted to see
test ideas and finally we wanted to see
where<00:05:33.379> we<00:05:33.979> could<00:05:34.219> look<00:05:34.460> at<00:05:34.699> what<00:05:35.180> the<00:05:35.330> impact
where we could look at what the impact
where we could look at what the impact
of<00:05:35.900> the<00:05:36.020> structure<00:05:36.409> would<00:05:36.560> be<00:05:36.710> in<00:05:36.919> the<00:05:37.729> marine
of the structure would be in the marine
of the structure would be in the marine
environment<00:05:38.120> and<00:05:38.599> we<00:05:38.930> set<00:05:39.199> up<00:05:39.319> a<00:05:39.500> field<00:05:40.460> site
environment and we set up a field site
environment and we set up a field site
at<00:05:41.360> a<00:05:41.539> place<00:05:41.870> called<00:05:41.900> mas<00:05:42.349> landing<00:05:42.770> marine<00:05:43.009> lab
at a place called mas landing marine lab
at a place called mas landing marine lab
in<00:05:43.490> Monterey<00:05:44.000> Bay<00:05:44.300> where<00:05:44.629> we<00:05:44.810> work<00:05:44.990> in<00:05:45.199> a
in Monterey Bay where we work in a
in Monterey Bay where we work in a
harbor<00:05:45.529> to<00:05:46.099> see<00:05:46.279> what<00:05:46.759> impact<00:05:46.879> this<00:05:47.210> would
harbor to see what impact this would
harbor to see what impact this would
have<00:05:47.419> on<00:05:47.680> marine<00:05:48.680> organisms<00:05:50.139> the<00:05:51.139> laboratory
have on marine organisms the laboratory
have on marine organisms the laboratory
that<00:05:51.770> we've<00:05:51.919> set<00:05:52.129> up<00:05:52.159> in<00:05:52.400> Santa<00:05:52.669> Cruz<00:05:52.789> was<00:05:53.270> our
that we've set up in Santa Cruz was our
that we've set up in Santa Cruz was our
skunk<00:05:53.810> works<00:05:53.930> it<00:05:54.169> was<00:05:54.289> a<00:05:54.319> place<00:05:54.560> where<00:05:55.039> we<00:05:55.370> were
skunk works it was a place where we were
skunk works it was a place where we were
growing<00:05:56.000> algae<00:05:56.300> and<00:05:56.839> welding<00:05:57.529> plastic<00:05:58.039> and
growing algae and welding plastic and
growing algae and welding plastic and
building<00:05:58.789> tools<00:05:59.060> and<00:05:59.360> making<00:06:00.050> a<00:06:00.169> lot<00:06:00.469> of
building tools and making a lot of
building tools and making a lot of
mistakes<00:06:00.770> or<00:06:01.279> as<00:06:01.669> Edison<00:06:02.180> said<00:06:02.539> we<00:06:02.719> were
mistakes or as Edison said we were
mistakes or as Edison said we were
finding<00:06:03.379> the<00:06:03.620> 10,000<00:06:04.250> ways<00:06:04.370> that<00:06:04.520> the<00:06:04.729> system
finding the 10,000 ways that the system
finding the 10,000 ways that the system
wouldn't<00:06:05.360> work<00:06:05.860> now<00:06:06.860> we<00:06:07.250> grew<00:06:07.520> algae<00:06:07.909> in
wouldn't work now we grew algae in
wouldn't work now we grew algae in
wastewater<00:06:08.569> and<00:06:09.099> we<00:06:10.099> built<00:06:10.370> tools<00:06:10.789> that
wastewater and we built tools that
wastewater and we built tools that
allowed<00:06:11.779> us<00:06:11.810> to<00:06:11.960> get<00:06:12.169> into<00:06:12.439> the<00:06:12.560> lives<00:06:13.099> of
allowed us to get into the lives of
allowed us to get into the lives of
algae<00:06:13.879> so<00:06:14.330> that<00:06:14.479> we<00:06:14.569> could<00:06:14.689> monitor<00:06:15.199> the<00:06:15.319> way
algae so that we could monitor the way
algae so that we could monitor the way
they<00:06:15.800> grow<00:06:16.039> what<00:06:16.310> makes<00:06:16.550> them<00:06:16.699> happy<00:06:16.759> how<00:06:17.210> do
they grow what makes them happy how do
they grow what makes them happy how do
we<00:06:17.509> make<00:06:18.020> sure<00:06:18.259> that<00:06:18.529> we're<00:06:18.710> going<00:06:18.830> to<00:06:18.889> have<00:06:19.009> a
we make sure that we're going to have a
we make sure that we're going to have a
culture<00:06:19.550> that<00:06:20.000> will<00:06:20.330> survive<00:06:20.810> and<00:06:21.139> thrive<00:06:21.669> so
culture that will survive and thrive so
culture that will survive and thrive so
the<00:06:23.240> most<00:06:23.449> important<00:06:23.900> feature<00:06:24.050> that<00:06:24.289> we
the most important feature that we
the most important feature that we
needed<00:06:24.529> to<00:06:24.650> develop<00:06:24.889> were<00:06:25.189> these<00:06:25.310> so-called
needed to develop were these so-called
needed to develop were these so-called
photobioreactors<00:06:27.319> or<00:06:27.469> pbr's<00:06:28.039> these<00:06:28.279> were<00:06:28.430> the
photobioreactors or pbr's these were the
photobioreactors or pbr's these were the
structures<00:06:29.180> that<00:06:29.300> will<00:06:29.389> be<00:06:29.479> floating<00:06:29.839> at
structures that will be floating at
structures that will be floating at
surface<00:06:30.349> made<00:06:30.560> out<00:06:30.710> of<00:06:30.830> some<00:06:31.039> inexpensive
surface made out of some inexpensive
surface made out of some inexpensive
plastic<00:06:32.180> material<00:06:32.930> that<00:06:33.259> will<00:06:33.349> allow<00:06:33.529> the
plastic material that will allow the
plastic material that will allow the
algae<00:06:34.009> to<00:06:34.129> grow<00:06:34.159> and<00:06:34.550> we<00:06:34.849> built<00:06:35.120> lots<00:06:35.330> and<00:06:35.539> lots
algae to grow and we built lots and lots
algae to grow and we built lots and lots
of<00:06:35.810> designs<00:06:36.199> most<00:06:37.129> of<00:06:37.279> which<00:06:37.400> were<00:06:37.639> horrible
of designs most of which were horrible
of designs most of which were horrible
failures<00:06:38.449> and<00:06:38.659> when<00:06:39.080> we<00:06:39.169> finally<00:06:39.409> got<00:06:39.680> to<00:06:39.740> a
failures and when we finally got to a
failures and when we finally got to a
design<00:06:40.250> that<00:06:40.279> worked<00:06:40.699> at<00:06:40.969> about<00:06:41.449> 30<00:06:41.839> gallons
design that worked at about 30 gallons
design that worked at about 30 gallons
we<00:06:42.710> scaled<00:06:43.069> it<00:06:43.250> up<00:06:43.310> to<00:06:43.819> 450<00:06:44.719> gallons<00:06:44.870> in<00:06:45.169> San
we scaled it up to 450 gallons in San
we scaled it up to 450 gallons in San
Francisco<00:06:46.149> so<00:06:47.149> let<00:06:47.569> me<00:06:47.659> show<00:06:47.779> you<00:06:47.810> how<00:06:47.899> the
Francisco so let me show you how the
Francisco so let me show you how the
system<00:06:48.440> works<00:06:48.649> we<00:06:49.190> basically<00:06:49.459> take
system works we basically take
system works we basically take
wastewater<00:06:50.659> with<00:06:51.229> algae<00:06:52.039> of<00:06:52.159> art
wastewater with algae of art
wastewater with algae of art
choice<00:06:52.710> in<00:06:52.950> it<00:06:53.100> and<00:06:53.250> we<00:06:53.640> circulated<00:06:54.240> through
choice in it and we circulated through
choice in it and we circulated through
this<00:06:54.630> floating<00:06:55.080> structure<00:06:55.680> this<00:06:55.920> tubular
this floating structure this tubular
this floating structure this tubular
flexible<00:06:57.030> plastic<00:06:57.510> structure<00:06:57.780> and
flexible plastic structure and
flexible plastic structure and
circulates<00:06:59.220> through<00:06:59.460> this<00:06:59.580> thing<00:06:59.850> and
circulates through this thing and
circulates through this thing and
there's<00:07:00.660> sunlight<00:07:00.960> of<00:07:01.200> courses<00:07:01.500> at<00:07:01.620> the
there's sunlight of courses at the
there's sunlight of courses at the
surface<00:07:01.950> and<00:07:02.430> and<00:07:02.550> the<00:07:03.060> algae<00:07:03.390> grow<00:07:03.690> on<00:07:03.960> the
surface and and the algae grow on the
surface and and the algae grow on the
nutrients<00:07:04.620> but<00:07:05.190> this<00:07:05.400> is<00:07:05.580> a<00:07:05.610> bit<00:07:05.790> like<00:07:05.910> putting
nutrients but this is a bit like putting
nutrients but this is a bit like putting
your<00:07:06.360> head<00:07:06.540> in<00:07:06.570> a<00:07:06.720> plastic<00:07:06.900> bag<00:07:07.260> the<00:07:07.560> algae<00:07:07.920> are
your head in a plastic bag the algae are
your head in a plastic bag the algae are
not<00:07:08.700> going<00:07:09.210> to<00:07:09.330> suffocate<00:07:09.570> because<00:07:10.110> of<00:07:10.260> co2<00:07:10.650> as
not going to suffocate because of co2 as
not going to suffocate because of co2 as
we<00:07:11.190> would<00:07:11.460> they<00:07:11.940> suffocate<00:07:12.390> because<00:07:12.660> they
we would they suffocate because they
we would they suffocate because they
produce<00:07:13.020> oxygen<00:07:13.560> and<00:07:13.860> they<00:07:13.920> don't<00:07:14.190> really
produce oxygen and they don't really
produce oxygen and they don't really
suffocate<00:07:14.940> but<00:07:15.090> the<00:07:15.180> oxygen<00:07:15.630> that<00:07:15.780> they
suffocate but the oxygen that they
suffocate but the oxygen that they
produce<00:07:16.110> is<00:07:16.410> problematic<00:07:17.040> and<00:07:17.220> they<00:07:17.730> use<00:07:17.940> up
produce is problematic and they use up
produce is problematic and they use up
all<00:07:18.270> the<00:07:18.420> co2<00:07:18.630> so<00:07:19.620> the<00:07:19.770> next<00:07:19.800> thing<00:07:20.070> we<00:07:20.280> had<00:07:20.430> to
all the co2 so the next thing we had to
all the co2 so the next thing we had to
figure<00:07:20.700> out<00:07:20.850> was<00:07:21.420> how<00:07:21.450> we<00:07:21.720> could<00:07:22.200> remove<00:07:22.800> the
figure out was how we could remove the
figure out was how we could remove the
oxygen<00:07:23.370> which<00:07:23.700> we<00:07:23.850> did<00:07:24.090> by<00:07:24.300> building<00:07:24.690> this
oxygen which we did by building this
oxygen which we did by building this
column<00:07:25.320> which<00:07:25.470> circulated<00:07:25.950> some<00:07:26.160> of<00:07:26.250> the
column which circulated some of the
column which circulated some of the
water<00:07:26.490> and<00:07:26.700> put<00:07:27.180> back<00:07:27.450> co2<00:07:27.870> which<00:07:28.260> we<00:07:28.410> did<00:07:28.590> by
water and put back co2 which we did by
water and put back co2 which we did by
bubbling<00:07:29.280> this<00:07:29.430> system<00:07:29.820> before<00:07:29.970> we
bubbling this system before we
bubbling this system before we
recirculated<00:07:31.020> the<00:07:31.380> water<00:07:31.590> and<00:07:31.920> what<00:07:32.610> you<00:07:32.700> see
recirculated the water and what you see
recirculated the water and what you see
here<00:07:33.150> is<00:07:33.210> the<00:07:33.390> prototype<00:07:33.960> which<00:07:34.560> was<00:07:34.770> the
here is the prototype which was the
here is the prototype which was the
first<00:07:35.250> attempt<00:07:36.150> at<00:07:36.240> building<00:07:36.480> this<00:07:36.840> type<00:07:37.080> of
first attempt at building this type of
first attempt at building this type of
column<00:07:37.620> the<00:07:37.950> larger<00:07:38.340> column<00:07:38.640> that<00:07:38.730> we<00:07:38.850> then
column the larger column that we then
column the larger column that we then
installed<00:07:39.360> in<00:07:39.510> san<00:07:39.660> francisco<00:07:40.110> and<00:07:40.140> the
installed in san francisco and the
installed in san francisco and the
installed<00:07:40.740> system<00:07:41.240> so<00:07:42.240> the<00:07:42.690> column<00:07:43.110> actually
installed system so the column actually
installed system so the column actually
had<00:07:43.680> another<00:07:44.040> very<00:07:44.550> nice<00:07:44.880> feature<00:07:45.120> and<00:07:45.450> that
had another very nice feature and that
had another very nice feature and that
is<00:07:45.690> the<00:07:46.020> algae<00:07:46.440> settle<00:07:46.980> in<00:07:47.190> the<00:07:47.640> column<00:07:48.030> and
is the algae settle in the column and
is the algae settle in the column and
this<00:07:48.780> allowed<00:07:49.080> us<00:07:49.230> to<00:07:49.260> accumulate<00:07:50.160> the<00:07:50.580> algal
this allowed us to accumulate the algal
this allowed us to accumulate the algal
biomass<00:07:51.570> in<00:07:52.110> a<00:07:52.500> context<00:07:53.100> where<00:07:53.130> we<00:07:53.370> could
biomass in a context where we could
biomass in a context where we could
easily<00:07:53.730> harvest<00:07:54.390> it<00:07:54.570> so<00:07:55.350> we<00:07:55.800> would<00:07:55.980> remove<00:07:56.340> the
easily harvest it so we would remove the
easily harvest it so we would remove the
algae<00:07:56.940> is<00:07:57.000> that<00:07:57.150> concentrated<00:07:57.840> in<00:07:57.960> the<00:07:58.050> bottom
algae is that concentrated in the bottom
algae is that concentrated in the bottom
of<00:07:58.440> this<00:07:58.560> column<00:07:58.830> and<00:07:59.190> then<00:07:59.760> we<00:07:59.940> could<00:08:00.120> harvest
of this column and then we could harvest
of this column and then we could harvest
that<00:08:01.200> by<00:08:01.710> a<00:08:01.740> procedure<00:08:02.250> where<00:08:02.880> you<00:08:03.060> float<00:08:03.510> the
that by a procedure where you float the
that by a procedure where you float the
algae<00:08:04.050> to<00:08:04.200> the<00:08:04.290> surface<00:08:04.500> and<00:08:04.920> can<00:08:05.430> skim<00:08:05.820> it<00:08:05.940> off
algae to the surface and can skim it off
algae to the surface and can skim it off
with<00:08:06.420> a<00:08:06.450> net<00:08:07.400> so<00:08:08.400> we<00:08:08.520> wanted<00:08:08.760> to<00:08:08.820> also
with a net so we wanted to also
with a net so we wanted to also
investigate<00:08:10.230> what<00:08:10.680> would<00:08:10.830> be<00:08:10.920> the<00:08:11.010> impact<00:08:11.040> of
investigate what would be the impact of
investigate what would be the impact of
this<00:08:12.240> system<00:08:12.780> in<00:08:13.020> the<00:08:13.530> marine<00:08:13.800> environment
this system in the marine environment
this system in the marine environment
and<00:08:14.580> I<00:08:14.910> mentioned<00:08:15.150> we<00:08:15.480> set<00:08:15.720> up<00:08:15.840> this
and I mentioned we set up this
and I mentioned we set up this
experiment<00:08:17.100> at<00:08:17.250> a<00:08:17.460> field<00:08:17.820> site<00:08:18.030> in<00:08:18.240> Moss
experiment at a field site in Moss
experiment at a field site in Moss
Landing<00:08:18.480> Marine<00:08:19.110> Lab<00:08:19.580> well<00:08:20.580> we<00:08:21.270> found<00:08:21.510> of
Landing Marine Lab well we found of
Landing Marine Lab well we found of
course<00:08:21.960> that<00:08:22.230> this<00:08:22.350> material<00:08:23.010> became
course that this material became
course that this material became
overgrown<00:08:23.670> with<00:08:24.210> algae<00:08:24.570> and<00:08:24.720> we<00:08:24.900> needed<00:08:25.140> them
overgrown with algae and we needed them
overgrown with algae and we needed them
to<00:08:25.500> develop<00:08:25.890> a<00:08:25.950> cleaning<00:08:26.340> procedure<00:08:26.700> and<00:08:27.180> we
to develop a cleaning procedure and we
to develop a cleaning procedure and we
also<00:08:27.480> looked<00:08:27.840> at<00:08:27.960> help<00:08:28.230> sea<00:08:28.800> birds<00:08:29.070> and<00:08:29.400> marine
also looked at help sea birds and marine
also looked at help sea birds and marine
mammals<00:08:30.000> interacted<00:08:30.600> and<00:08:30.720> in<00:08:31.230> fact<00:08:31.410> you<00:08:31.560> see
mammals interacted and in fact you see
mammals interacted and in fact you see
here<00:08:31.920> a<00:08:31.950> sea<00:08:32.250> otter<00:08:32.280> that<00:08:32.730> found<00:08:32.970> this
here a sea otter that found this
here a sea otter that found this
incredibly<00:08:33.690> interesting<00:08:34.260> and<00:08:34.440> what's
incredibly interesting and what's
incredibly interesting and what's
periodically<00:08:35.720> work<00:08:36.720> its<00:08:36.900> way<00:08:37.110> across<00:08:37.350> this
periodically work its way across this
periodically work its way across this
little<00:08:37.740> floating<00:08:38.130> water<00:08:38.490> bed<00:08:38.760> and<00:08:38.970> we<00:08:39.330> wanted
little floating water bed and we wanted
little floating water bed and we wanted
to<00:08:39.600> hire<00:08:39.870> this<00:08:40.110> guy<00:08:40.350> or<00:08:40.650> train<00:08:40.980> him<00:08:41.160> to<00:08:41.190> be<00:08:41.370> able
to hire this guy or train him to be able
to hire this guy or train him to be able
to<00:08:41.700> clean<00:08:41.940> the<00:08:42.180> surface<00:08:42.570> of<00:08:42.690> these<00:08:42.870> things<00:08:43.050> but
to clean the surface of these things but
to clean the surface of these things but
that's<00:08:43.410> for<00:08:43.680> a<00:08:43.710> future<00:08:44.190> now<00:08:45.000> really<00:08:45.660> what<00:08:45.810> we
that's for a future now really what we
that's for a future now really what we
were<00:08:46.020> doing<00:08:46.320> we<00:08:46.440> were<00:08:46.470> working<00:08:46.680> in<00:08:46.890> four<00:08:47.130> areas
were doing we were working in four areas
were doing we were working in four areas
our<00:08:47.790> research<00:08:48.630> covered<00:08:49.110> the<00:08:49.500> biology<00:08:50.190> of<00:08:50.220> the
our research covered the biology of the
our research covered the biology of the
system<00:08:50.820> which<00:08:51.000> included<00:08:51.390> studying<00:08:51.900> the<00:08:51.990> way
system which included studying the way
system which included studying the way
algae<00:08:52.440> grew<00:08:52.680> but<00:08:53.220> also<00:08:53.490> what<00:08:54.270> eats<00:08:54.510> the<00:08:54.690> algae
algae grew but also what eats the algae
algae grew but also what eats the algae
and<00:08:55.170> what<00:08:55.350> kills<00:08:55.650> the<00:08:55.830> algae<00:08:56.160> we<00:08:56.850> did
and what kills the algae we did
and what kills the algae we did
engineering<00:08:57.810> to<00:08:58.050> understand<00:08:58.590> what<00:08:58.770> we<00:08:58.920> would
engineering to understand what we would
engineering to understand what we would
need<00:08:59.220> to<00:08:59.280> be<00:08:59.550> able<00:08:59.640> to<00:08:59.820> do<00:09:00.030> to<00:09:00.300> build<00:09:00.570> this
need to be able to do to build this
need to be able to do to build this
structure<00:09:01.050> not<00:09:01.650> only<00:09:01.860> on<00:09:02.040> this<00:09:02.160> small<00:09:02.280> scale
structure not only on this small scale
structure not only on this small scale
but<00:09:03.150> how<00:09:03.330> would<00:09:03.390> we<00:09:03.660> build<00:09:03.900> it<00:09:04.020> on<00:09:04.110> this
but how would we build it on this
but how would we build it on this
enormous
enormous
enormous
Gill<00:09:05.040> that<00:09:05.249> ultimately<00:09:05.639> be<00:09:05.819> required<00:09:06.239> I
Gill that ultimately be required I
Gill that ultimately be required I
mentioned<00:09:07.799> we<00:09:08.220> looked<00:09:08.459> at<00:09:08.579> birds<00:09:08.879> and<00:09:09.209> marine
mentioned we looked at birds and marine
mentioned we looked at birds and marine
mammals<00:09:10.259> and<00:09:10.470> looked<00:09:11.069> at<00:09:11.189> basically<00:09:11.699> the
mammals and looked at basically the
mammals and looked at basically the
environmental<00:09:12.420> impact<00:09:12.869> of<00:09:13.019> the<00:09:13.139> system<00:09:13.499> and
environmental impact of the system and
environmental impact of the system and
finally<00:09:14.579> we<00:09:15.029> looked<00:09:15.059> at<00:09:15.449> the<00:09:15.540> economics<00:09:16.259> and
finally we looked at the economics and
finally we looked at the economics and
what<00:09:16.949> I<00:09:16.980> mean<00:09:17.189> by<00:09:17.249> economics<00:09:17.939> is<00:09:18.089> what<00:09:18.480> is<00:09:18.600> the
what I mean by economics is what is the
what I mean by economics is what is the
energy<00:09:18.920> required<00:09:19.920> to<00:09:20.040> run<00:09:20.339> the<00:09:20.519> system<00:09:20.699> do<00:09:21.059> you
energy required to run the system do you
energy required to run the system do you
get<00:09:21.299> more<00:09:21.480> energy<00:09:21.629> out<00:09:21.839> of<00:09:22.019> the<00:09:22.259> system<00:09:22.439> then
get more energy out of the system then
get more energy out of the system then
you<00:09:22.829> have<00:09:22.949> to<00:09:23.040> put<00:09:23.189> into<00:09:23.519> the<00:09:23.609> system<00:09:23.639> to<00:09:24.089> be
you have to put into the system to be
you have to put into the system to be
able<00:09:24.239> to<00:09:24.509> make<00:09:24.989> the<00:09:25.199> system<00:09:25.379> run<00:09:25.799> and<00:09:26.100> what
able to make the system run and what
able to make the system run and what
about<00:09:26.939> operating<00:09:27.749> costs<00:09:28.350> and<00:09:28.470> what<00:09:28.499> about
about operating costs and what about
about operating costs and what about
capital<00:09:29.399> costs<00:09:29.730> and<00:09:29.850> what<00:09:29.879> about<00:09:30.449> just<00:09:30.660> a
capital costs and what about just a
capital costs and what about just a
whole<00:09:31.220> economic<00:09:32.220> structure<00:09:32.989> so<00:09:33.989> let<00:09:34.679> me<00:09:34.739> tell
whole economic structure so let me tell
whole economic structure so let me tell
you<00:09:35.009> that<00:09:35.040> it's<00:09:35.339> not<00:09:35.609> going<00:09:35.879> to<00:09:35.970> be<00:09:36.029> easy<00:09:36.179> and
you that it's not going to be easy and
you that it's not going to be easy and
there's<00:09:37.259> lots<00:09:37.589> more<00:09:37.799> work<00:09:38.129> to<00:09:38.189> do<00:09:38.549> in<00:09:38.850> all<00:09:39.089> four
there's lots more work to do in all four
there's lots more work to do in all four
of<00:09:39.449> those<00:09:39.689> areas<00:09:39.959> to<00:09:40.559> be<00:09:40.679> able<00:09:40.889> to<00:09:40.980> really<00:09:41.339> make
of those areas to be able to really make
of those areas to be able to really make
the<00:09:41.639> system<00:09:41.850> work<00:09:42.199> but<00:09:43.199> we<00:09:43.290> don't<00:09:43.470> have<00:09:43.559> a<00:09:43.649> lot
the system work but we don't have a lot
the system work but we don't have a lot
of<00:09:43.829> time<00:09:44.160> and<00:09:44.459> I'd<00:09:44.970> like<00:09:45.179> to<00:09:45.239> show<00:09:45.540> you<00:09:45.600> the
of time and I'd like to show you the
of time and I'd like to show you the
artist's<00:09:46.470> conception<00:09:46.619> of<00:09:47.220> how<00:09:47.699> the<00:09:47.759> system
artist's conception of how the system
artist's conception of how the system
might<00:09:48.629> look<00:09:48.899> if<00:09:49.139> we<00:09:49.559> find<00:09:49.829> ourselves<00:09:50.069> in<00:09:50.519> a
might look if we find ourselves in a
might look if we find ourselves in a
protected<00:09:51.149> Bay<00:09:51.529> somewhere<00:09:52.529> in<00:09:52.649> the<00:09:52.739> world<00:09:52.859> and
protected Bay somewhere in the world and
protected Bay somewhere in the world and
we<00:09:54.029> have<00:09:54.179> in<00:09:54.449> the<00:09:54.540> background<00:09:54.989> in<00:09:55.199> this<00:09:55.350> image
we have in the background in this image
we have in the background in this image
the<00:09:56.040> wastewater<00:09:56.790> treatment<00:09:57.149> plant<00:09:57.600> and<00:09:57.959> a
the wastewater treatment plant and a
the wastewater treatment plant and a
source<00:09:58.290> of<00:09:58.470> flue<00:09:58.709> gas<00:09:58.949> for<00:09:59.279> the<00:09:59.309> co2<00:10:00.049> but<00:10:01.049> when
source of flue gas for the co2 but when
source of flue gas for the co2 but when
you<00:10:01.350> do<00:10:01.499> the<00:10:01.619> economics<00:10:02.220> of<00:10:02.339> this<00:10:02.519> system<00:10:02.850> you
you do the economics of this system you
you do the economics of this system you
find<00:10:03.629> that<00:10:03.779> in<00:10:03.899> fact<00:10:04.139> it<00:10:04.350> will<00:10:04.470> be<00:10:04.619> difficult
find that in fact it will be difficult
find that in fact it will be difficult
to<00:10:05.279> make<00:10:05.399> it<00:10:05.549> work<00:10:06.169> unless<00:10:07.169> you<00:10:07.350> look<00:10:07.589> at<00:10:07.859> the
to make it work unless you look at the
to make it work unless you look at the
system<00:10:08.699> as<00:10:08.879> weighted<00:10:09.209> treat<00:10:09.929> wastewater
system as weighted treat wastewater
system as weighted treat wastewater
sequester<00:10:11.610> carbon<00:10:11.879> and<00:10:12.499> potentially<00:10:13.499> for
sequester carbon and potentially for
sequester carbon and potentially for
photovoltaic<00:10:14.100> panels<00:10:14.850> or<00:10:14.999> wave<00:10:15.540> energy<00:10:15.839> or
photovoltaic panels or wave energy or
photovoltaic panels or wave energy or
even<00:10:16.679> wind<00:10:17.009> energy<00:10:17.519> and<00:10:17.759> if<00:10:18.360> you<00:10:18.480> start
even wind energy and if you start
even wind energy and if you start
thinking<00:10:18.899> in<00:10:19.169> terms<00:10:19.350> of<00:10:19.559> integrating<00:10:19.980> all<00:10:20.429> of
thinking in terms of integrating all of
thinking in terms of integrating all of
these<00:10:20.939> different<00:10:21.179> activities<00:10:22.110> you<00:10:22.799> could
these different activities you could
these different activities you could
also<00:10:23.129> include<00:10:23.579> in<00:10:23.939> such<00:10:24.119> a<00:10:24.149> facility
also include in such a facility
also include in such a facility
aquaculture<00:10:26.369> so<00:10:27.360> we<00:10:27.509> would<00:10:27.660> have<00:10:27.839> under<00:10:28.410> this
aquaculture so we would have under this
aquaculture so we would have under this
system<00:10:28.829> shellfish<00:10:29.610> aquaculture<00:10:29.759> we're
system shellfish aquaculture we're
system shellfish aquaculture we're
growing<00:10:30.660> mussels<00:10:31.169> or<00:10:31.410> scallops<00:10:31.970> we'd<00:10:32.970> be
growing mussels or scallops we'd be
growing mussels or scallops we'd be
growing<00:10:33.629> oysters<00:10:34.499> and<00:10:34.739> things<00:10:35.009> that<00:10:35.459> would<00:10:35.610> be
growing oysters and things that would be
growing oysters and things that would be
producing<00:10:36.209> high<00:10:36.540> value<00:10:36.959> products<00:10:37.319> and<00:10:37.470> food
producing high value products and food
producing high value products and food
and<00:10:38.069> this<00:10:38.549> would<00:10:38.730> be<00:10:38.759> a<00:10:38.879> market<00:10:39.449> driver<00:10:39.720> as<00:10:39.959> we
and this would be a market driver as we
and this would be a market driver as we
build<00:10:40.410> the<00:10:40.649> system<00:10:40.799> to<00:10:41.100> larger<00:10:41.459> and<00:10:41.579> larger
build the system to larger and larger
build the system to larger and larger
scales<00:10:42.149> so<00:10:42.689> that<00:10:42.839> it<00:10:42.959> becomes<00:10:43.040> ultimately
scales so that it becomes ultimately
scales so that it becomes ultimately
competitive<00:10:44.910> with<00:10:45.569> the<00:10:46.019> idea<00:10:46.470> of<00:10:46.499> doing<00:10:47.429> it
competitive with the idea of doing it
competitive with the idea of doing it
for<00:10:47.970> fuels<00:10:49.129> so<00:10:50.299> there's<00:10:51.299> always<00:10:51.480> a<00:10:51.569> big
for fuels so there's always a big
for fuels so there's always a big
question<00:10:52.079> that<00:10:52.169> comes<00:10:52.319> up<00:10:52.499> because<00:10:53.339> plastic
question that comes up because plastic
question that comes up because plastic
in<00:10:54.119> the<00:10:54.209> ocean<00:10:54.239> has<00:10:54.629> got<00:10:54.779> a<00:10:54.809> really<00:10:55.139> bad
in the ocean has got a really bad
in the ocean has got a really bad
reputation<00:10:56.160> right<00:10:56.339> now<00:10:56.489> and<00:10:56.730> so<00:10:57.389> we've<00:10:57.629> been
reputation right now and so we've been
reputation right now and so we've been
thinking<00:10:58.169> cradle<00:10:58.559> to<00:10:58.649> cradle<00:10:58.860> what<00:10:59.579> are<00:10:59.669> we
thinking cradle to cradle what are we
thinking cradle to cradle what are we
going<00:10:59.910> to<00:11:00.029> do<00:11:00.239> with<00:11:00.569> all<00:11:00.600> this<00:11:00.899> plastic<00:11:01.289> that
going to do with all this plastic that
going to do with all this plastic that
we're<00:11:01.859> going<00:11:01.949> to<00:11:02.039> need<00:11:02.189> to<00:11:02.369> use<00:11:02.609> in<00:11:02.819> our<00:11:02.910> marine
we're going to need to use in our marine
we're going to need to use in our marine
environment<00:11:03.709> well<00:11:04.709> I<00:11:04.980> don't<00:11:05.369> know<00:11:05.489> if<00:11:05.639> you
environment well I don't know if you
environment well I don't know if you
know<00:11:05.879> about<00:11:05.910> this<00:11:06.239> but<00:11:06.449> in<00:11:06.539> California
know about this but in California
know about this but in California
there's<00:11:07.619> a<00:11:07.769> huge<00:11:08.249> amount<00:11:08.459> of<00:11:08.699> plastic<00:11:08.970> that
there's a huge amount of plastic that
there's a huge amount of plastic that
used<00:11:09.539> in<00:11:09.689> fields<00:11:10.049> right<00:11:10.199> now<00:11:10.439> as<00:11:10.739> plastic
used in fields right now as plastic
used in fields right now as plastic
mulch<00:11:11.549> and<00:11:11.850> this<00:11:12.480> is<00:11:12.629> plastic<00:11:13.199> that's<00:11:13.350> making
mulch and this is plastic that's making
mulch and this is plastic that's making
these<00:11:13.769> tiny<00:11:14.129> little<00:11:14.249> green<00:11:14.819> houses<00:11:15.059> right
these tiny little green houses right
these tiny little green houses right
along<00:11:15.779> the<00:11:15.899> surface<00:11:16.110> of<00:11:16.439> the<00:11:16.529> soil<00:11:16.769> and<00:11:17.039> this
along the surface of the soil and this
along the surface of the soil and this
provides<00:11:17.850> warm
provides warm
provides warm
the<00:11:18.850> soil<00:11:19.089> to<00:11:19.180> increase<00:11:19.570> the<00:11:19.750> growing<00:11:20.079> season
the soil to increase the growing season
the soil to increase the growing season
it<00:11:21.430> allows<00:11:21.699> us<00:11:21.730> to<00:11:22.360> control<00:11:22.660> weeds<00:11:23.139> and<00:11:23.620> of
it allows us to control weeds and of
it allows us to control weeds and of
course<00:11:24.730> it<00:11:24.940> makes<00:11:25.120> watering<00:11:25.750> much<00:11:25.990> more
course it makes watering much more
course it makes watering much more
efficient<00:11:26.680> so<00:11:27.550> the<00:11:27.940> omega<00:11:28.269> system<00:11:28.750> will<00:11:28.990> be
efficient so the omega system will be
efficient so the omega system will be
part<00:11:29.410> of<00:11:29.560> this<00:11:30.220> type<00:11:30.550> of<00:11:30.579> a<00:11:30.850> outcome<00:11:31.660> and<00:11:31.930> that
part of this type of a outcome and that
part of this type of a outcome and that
when<00:11:32.500> we're<00:11:32.649> finished<00:11:32.829> using<00:11:33.130> in<00:11:33.399> the<00:11:33.519> marine
when we're finished using in the marine
when we're finished using in the marine
environment<00:11:33.940> will<00:11:34.750> be<00:11:34.930> using<00:11:35.290> it<00:11:35.440> hopefully
environment will be using it hopefully
environment will be using it hopefully
on<00:11:36.310> fields<00:11:37.170> where<00:11:38.170> are<00:11:38.230> we<00:11:38.290> going<00:11:38.410> to<00:11:38.470> put<00:11:38.589> this
on fields where are we going to put this
on fields where are we going to put this
and<00:11:39.010> in<00:11:39.670> what<00:11:39.820> will<00:11:39.940> it<00:11:40.029> look<00:11:40.060> like<00:11:40.209> offshore
and in what will it look like offshore
and in what will it look like offshore
here's<00:11:41.920> an<00:11:42.070> image<00:11:42.190> of<00:11:42.399> what<00:11:42.459> we<00:11:42.639> could<00:11:42.790> do<00:11:42.910> in
here's an image of what we could do in
here's an image of what we could do in
san<00:11:43.240> francisco<00:11:43.690> bay<00:11:44.100> san<00:11:45.100> francisco<00:11:45.519> produces
san francisco bay san francisco produces
san francisco bay san francisco produces
65<00:11:46.480> million<00:11:46.990> gallons<00:11:47.500> a<00:11:47.560> day<00:11:47.589> of<00:11:47.829> wastewater
65 million gallons a day of wastewater
65 million gallons a day of wastewater
if<00:11:49.149> we<00:11:49.269> imagine<00:11:49.510> a<00:11:49.750> five-day<00:11:50.110> retention<00:11:50.589> time
if we imagine a five-day retention time
if we imagine a five-day retention time
for<00:11:50.980> the<00:11:51.070> system<00:11:51.310> we<00:11:51.399> need<00:11:51.550> 325<00:11:52.269> million
for the system we need 325 million
for the system we need 325 million
gallons<00:11:52.899> to<00:11:52.990> accommodate<00:11:53.380> and<00:11:53.550> that<00:11:54.550> would<00:11:54.730> be
gallons to accommodate and that would be
gallons to accommodate and that would be
about<00:11:55.060> twelve<00:11:55.750> hundred<00:11:55.930> and<00:11:56.199> eighty<00:11:56.410> acres<00:11:56.680> of
about twelve hundred and eighty acres of
about twelve hundred and eighty acres of
these<00:11:57.579> omega<00:11:58.120> modules<00:11:58.959> floating<00:11:59.740> in<00:11:59.829> san
these omega modules floating in san
these omega modules floating in san
francisco<00:12:00.399> bay<00:12:00.430> well<00:12:00.790> that's<00:12:01.420> less<00:12:01.720> than<00:12:01.750> 1%
francisco bay well that's less than 1%
francisco bay well that's less than 1%
of<00:12:02.560> the<00:12:02.620> service<00:12:02.949> area<00:12:03.100> of<00:12:03.279> the<00:12:03.399> bay<00:12:03.579> it<00:12:04.420> would
of the service area of the bay it would
of the service area of the bay it would
produce<00:12:04.930> at<00:12:05.500> 2,000<00:12:06.130> gallons<00:12:06.339> per<00:12:06.490> acre<00:12:06.519> per
produce at 2,000 gallons per acre per
produce at 2,000 gallons per acre per
year<00:12:06.880> it<00:12:07.660> would<00:12:07.870> produce<00:12:08.110> over<00:12:08.800> two<00:12:09.010> million
year it would produce over two million
year it would produce over two million
gallons<00:12:09.970> of<00:12:10.089> fuel<00:12:10.360> which<00:12:10.660> is<00:12:10.750> about<00:12:10.930> twenty
gallons of fuel which is about twenty
gallons of fuel which is about twenty
percent<00:12:11.470> of<00:12:11.589> the<00:12:11.709> biodiesel<00:12:12.279> or<00:12:12.699> of<00:12:13.149> the
percent of the biodiesel or of the
percent of the biodiesel or of the
diesel<00:12:13.600> that<00:12:13.720> would<00:12:13.839> be<00:12:13.930> required<00:12:14.170> in<00:12:14.529> San
diesel that would be required in San
diesel that would be required in San
Francisco<00:12:14.860> and<00:12:15.339> that's<00:12:16.029> without<00:12:16.180> doing
Francisco and that's without doing
Francisco and that's without doing
anything<00:12:16.660> about<00:12:17.230> efficiency<00:12:18.839> where<00:12:19.839> else
anything about efficiency where else
anything about efficiency where else
could<00:12:20.139> we<00:12:20.199> potentially<00:12:20.410> put<00:12:20.980> this<00:12:21.100> system
could we potentially put this system
could we potentially put this system
there's<00:12:22.510> lots<00:12:22.750> of<00:12:22.930> possibilities<00:12:23.819> there's<00:12:24.819> of
there's lots of possibilities there's of
there's lots of possibilities there's of
course<00:12:25.240> san<00:12:25.660> francisco<00:12:26.019> bay<00:12:26.050> as<00:12:26.380> i<00:12:26.500> mentioned
course san francisco bay as i mentioned
course san francisco bay as i mentioned
san<00:12:27.069> diego<00:12:27.519> bay<00:12:27.670> is<00:12:27.730> another<00:12:28.060> example<00:12:28.209> Mobile
san diego bay is another example Mobile
san diego bay is another example Mobile
Bay<00:12:29.139> or<00:12:29.319> Chesapeake<00:12:29.740> Bay<00:12:29.889> but<00:12:30.550> the<00:12:30.790> reality<00:12:31.389> is
Bay or Chesapeake Bay but the reality is
Bay or Chesapeake Bay but the reality is
as<00:12:31.720> sea<00:12:32.139> level<00:12:32.410> rises<00:12:32.440> there's<00:12:33.040> going<00:12:33.220> to<00:12:33.310> be
as sea level rises there's going to be
as sea level rises there's going to be
lots<00:12:33.610> and<00:12:33.880> lots<00:12:34.029> of<00:12:34.149> new<00:12:34.389> opportunities<00:12:34.720> to
lots and lots of new opportunities to
lots and lots of new opportunities to
consider<00:12:37.980> so<00:12:38.980> what<00:12:39.639> I'm<00:12:39.760> telling<00:12:40.089> you<00:12:40.180> about
consider so what I'm telling you about
consider so what I'm telling you about
is<00:12:40.630> a<00:12:40.660> system<00:12:41.260> of<00:12:42.120> integrated<00:12:43.120> activities
is a system of integrated activities
is a system of integrated activities
biofuels<00:12:45.430> production<00:12:45.550> is<00:12:46.149> integrated<00:12:46.660> with
biofuels production is integrated with
biofuels production is integrated with
alternative<00:12:47.589> energy<00:12:47.920> is<00:12:48.100> integrated<00:12:48.579> with
alternative energy is integrated with
alternative energy is integrated with
aquaculture<00:12:49.480> I<00:12:50.010> set<00:12:51.010> out<00:12:51.040> to<00:12:51.339> find<00:12:51.610> a<00:12:52.500> pathway
aquaculture I set out to find a pathway
aquaculture I set out to find a pathway
to<00:12:55.139> innovative<00:12:56.139> production<00:12:57.100> of<00:12:57.490> sustainable
to innovative production of sustainable
to innovative production of sustainable
biofuels<00:12:58.600> and<00:12:59.399> enroute<00:13:00.399> i<00:13:00.610> discovered<00:13:01.149> that
biofuels and enroute i discovered that
biofuels and enroute i discovered that
what's<00:13:01.959> really<00:13:02.500> required<00:13:02.860> for
what's really required for
what's really required for
sustainability<00:13:04.149> is<00:13:05.220> integration<00:13:06.220> more<00:13:07.089> than
sustainability is integration more than
sustainability is integration more than
innervation<00:13:10.529> long-term<00:13:11.529> I<00:13:11.970> have<00:13:12.970> great<00:13:13.000> faith
innervation long-term I have great faith
innervation long-term I have great faith
in<00:13:13.569> our<00:13:14.440> collective<00:13:14.889> and<00:13:15.480> connected
in our collective and connected
in our collective and connected
ingenuity<00:13:17.769> I<00:13:19.199> think<00:13:20.199> there's<00:13:20.350> almost<00:13:20.589> no
ingenuity I think there's almost no
ingenuity I think there's almost no
limit<00:13:21.339> to<00:13:21.490> what<00:13:21.610> we<00:13:21.639> can<00:13:21.730> accomplish<00:13:22.089> if<00:13:23.190> we're
limit to what we can accomplish if we're
limit to what we can accomplish if we're
radically<00:13:25.000> open<00:13:25.329> and<00:13:26.110> we<00:13:26.230> don't<00:13:26.410> care<00:13:26.649> who
radically open and we don't care who
radically open and we don't care who
gets<00:13:26.920> the<00:13:27.069> credit
sustainable<00:13:29.819> solutions<00:13:30.860> for<00:13:31.860> our<00:13:31.889> future
sustainable solutions for our future
sustainable solutions for our future
problems<00:13:32.959> are<00:13:33.959> going<00:13:34.259> to<00:13:34.350> be<00:13:34.440> diverse<00:13:34.769> and
problems are going to be diverse and
problems are going to be diverse and
they're<00:13:36.089> going<00:13:36.240> to<00:13:36.300> be<00:13:36.420> many<00:13:36.660> I<00:13:37.970> think<00:13:38.970> we<00:13:39.060> need
they're going to be many I think we need
they're going to be many I think we need
to<00:13:39.509> consider<00:13:39.690> everything<00:13:40.639> everything<00:13:41.639> from
to consider everything everything from
to consider everything everything from
alpha<00:13:42.509> to<00:13:42.720> Omega<00:13:43.560> thank
it's<00:13:53.490> done<00:13:53.670> mr.<00:13:54.540> quake<00:13:54.750> first<00:13:55.470> if<00:13:55.620> you
it's done mr. quake first if you
it's done mr. quake first if you
Jonathan<00:13:56.010> do<00:13:56.160> can<00:13:56.670> this<00:13:56.820> project<00:13:57.330> continue<00:13:57.630> to
Jonathan do can this project continue to
Jonathan do can this project continue to
move<00:13:57.870> forward<00:13:57.930> within<00:13:58.790> NASA<00:13:59.790> or<00:14:00.240> do<00:14:00.450> you<00:14:00.540> need
move forward within NASA or do you need
move forward within NASA or do you need
some<00:14:01.230> very<00:14:01.560> ambitious<00:14:02.210> green<00:14:03.210> energy<00:14:03.600> fund<00:14:03.840> to
some very ambitious green energy fund to
some very ambitious green energy fund to
come<00:14:04.320> and<00:14:04.470> take<00:14:04.650> it<00:14:04.800> by<00:14:04.950> the<00:14:04.980> throat<00:14:05.330> so<00:14:06.330> it's
come and take it by the throat so it's
come and take it by the throat so it's
really<00:14:06.870> gotten<00:14:07.080> to<00:14:07.230> a<00:14:07.290> stage<00:14:07.500> now<00:14:07.710> in<00:14:07.890> NASA
really gotten to a stage now in NASA
really gotten to a stage now in NASA
where<00:14:08.400> they<00:14:08.490> would<00:14:08.640> like<00:14:08.790> to<00:14:08.940> spin<00:14:09.210> it<00:14:09.300> out
where they would like to spin it out
where they would like to spin it out
into<00:14:09.750> something<00:14:10.380> which<00:14:10.620> will<00:14:10.740> go<00:14:10.890> offshore
into something which will go offshore
into something which will go offshore
and<00:14:11.820> there<00:14:12.180> are<00:14:12.270> a<00:14:12.300> lot<00:14:12.450> of<00:14:12.480> issues<00:14:12.780> with<00:14:13.170> doing
and there are a lot of issues with doing
and there are a lot of issues with doing
it<00:14:13.440> in<00:14:13.530> the<00:14:13.590> United<00:14:13.890> States<00:14:13.920> because<00:14:14.400> of
it in the United States because of
it in the United States because of
limited<00:14:14.870> permitting<00:14:15.870> issues<00:14:15.960> and<00:14:16.350> the<00:14:16.410> time
limited permitting issues and the time
limited permitting issues and the time
required<00:14:16.950> to<00:14:17.310> get<00:14:17.520> permits<00:14:17.850> to<00:14:18.150> do<00:14:18.270> things
required to get permits to do things
required to get permits to do things
offshore<00:14:18.870> it<00:14:19.650> really<00:14:20.010> requires<00:14:20.130> at<00:14:20.580> this
offshore it really requires at this
offshore it really requires at this
point<00:14:20.940> people<00:14:21.210> on<00:14:21.420> the<00:14:21.480> outside<00:14:21.510> and<00:14:22.080> we're
point people on the outside and we're
point people on the outside and we're
being<00:14:22.950> radically<00:14:23.460> opened<00:14:23.730> with<00:14:23.820> this
being radically opened with this
being radically opened with this
technology<00:14:24.210> in<00:14:24.630> which<00:14:24.780> we're<00:14:24.930> going<00:14:25.050> to
technology in which we're going to
technology in which we're going to
launch<00:14:25.470> it<00:14:25.710> out<00:14:25.800> there<00:14:26.010> for<00:14:26.250> anybody<00:14:26.490> and
launch it out there for anybody and
launch it out there for anybody and
everybody<00:14:26.880> who's<00:14:27.270> interested<00:14:27.570> to<00:14:28.290> take<00:14:28.590> it<00:14:28.710> on
everybody who's interested to take it on
everybody who's interested to take it on
and<00:14:29.190> try<00:14:29.400> to<00:14:29.430> make<00:14:29.700> it<00:14:29.850> real<00:14:30.030> so<00:14:30.570> that's
and try to make it real so that's
and try to make it real so that's
interesting<00:14:31.380> you're<00:14:31.590> not<00:14:31.790> patenting<00:14:32.790> it
interesting you're not patenting it
interesting you're not patenting it
you're<00:14:33.150> publishing<00:14:34.140> it<00:14:34.350> it's<00:14:34.500> absolutely<00:14:34.620> all
you're publishing it it's absolutely all
you're publishing it it's absolutely all
right<00:14:35.670> thank<00:14:36.270> you<00:14:36.360> so<00:14:36.480> much<00:14:36.630> thank<00:14:37.080> you
Jonathan Trent, TED, TED-Ed, TED, Ed, TEDEducation, algae, fossil, fuel, depedendence, biofuel, bioprospecting, Project, OMEGA, Offshore, Membrane, Enclosures, for, Growing, Algae
