The security mirage - Bruce Schneier
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so<00:00:16.320> security<00:00:16.760> is<00:00:17.000> two<00:00:17.240> different<00:00:17.600> things
so security is two different things
so security is two different things
right<00:00:18.199> it's<00:00:18.320> a<00:00:18.480> feeling<00:00:19.359> and<00:00:19.480> it's<00:00:19.640> a<00:00:20.039> reality
right it's a feeling and it's a reality
right it's a feeling and it's a reality
and<00:00:21.160> they're<00:00:21.400> different<00:00:21.920> you<00:00:22.000> could<00:00:22.240> feel
and they're different you could feel
and they're different you could feel
secure<00:00:24.080> even<00:00:24.279> if<00:00:24.400> you're<00:00:24.880> not<00:00:25.880> and<00:00:26.119> you<00:00:26.240> can<00:00:26.439> be
secure even if you're not and you can be
secure even if you're not and you can be
secure<00:00:27.800> even<00:00:28.000> if<00:00:28.119> you<00:00:28.240> don't<00:00:28.480> feel<00:00:28.760> it<00:00:29.519> I<00:00:29.599> me
secure even if you don't feel it I me
secure even if you don't feel it I me
really<00:00:30.039> we<00:00:30.119> have<00:00:30.320> two<00:00:30.720> separate<00:00:31.240> Concepts
really we have two separate Concepts
really we have two separate Concepts
mapped<00:00:32.079> onto<00:00:32.360> the<00:00:32.480> same<00:00:33.040> word<00:00:34.040> and<00:00:34.320> what<00:00:34.440> I
mapped onto the same word and what I
mapped onto the same word and what I
want<00:00:34.640> to<00:00:34.800> do<00:00:34.960> in<00:00:35.120> this<00:00:35.399> talk<00:00:36.000> is<00:00:36.120> to<00:00:36.320> split<00:00:36.600> them
want to do in this talk is to split them
want to do in this talk is to split them
apart<00:00:37.520> figuring<00:00:37.879> out<00:00:38.200> when<00:00:38.440> they<00:00:38.920> diverge<00:00:39.920> and
apart figuring out when they diverge and
apart figuring out when they diverge and
how<00:00:40.280> they<00:00:40.719> converge<00:00:41.719> and<00:00:41.920> language<00:00:42.320> is
how they converge and language is
how they converge and language is
actually<00:00:42.760> a<00:00:42.960> problem<00:00:43.360> here<00:00:43.960> there<00:00:44.120> aren't<00:00:44.520> a
actually a problem here there aren't a
actually a problem here there aren't a
lot<00:00:44.800> of<00:00:45.039> good<00:00:45.280> words<00:00:46.039> for<00:00:46.239> the<00:00:46.440> concepts<00:00:47.079> uh
lot of good words for the concepts uh
lot of good words for the concepts uh
we're<00:00:47.320> going<00:00:47.440> to<00:00:47.600> talk
we're going to talk
we're going to talk
about<00:00:49.360> so<00:00:50.239> if<00:00:50.360> you<00:00:50.520> look<00:00:50.680> at<00:00:50.920> security<00:00:51.559> from
about so if you look at security from
about so if you look at security from
economic<00:00:52.440> terms<00:00:53.399> it's<00:00:53.520> a<00:00:53.680> trade<00:00:54.160> off<00:00:55.160> every
economic terms it's a trade off every
economic terms it's a trade off every
time<00:00:55.640> you<00:00:55.879> get<00:00:56.120> some<00:00:56.520> security<00:00:57.520> you're<00:00:57.760> always
time you get some security you're always
time you get some security you're always
trading<00:00:58.359> off<00:00:58.600> something<00:00:59.199> and<00:00:59.320> whether<00:00:59.559> this
trading off something and whether this
trading off something and whether this
is<00:00:59.760> a<00:01:00.079> personal<00:01:00.440> decision<00:01:00.800> whether<00:01:00.960> you're
is a personal decision whether you're
is a personal decision whether you're
going<00:01:01.120> to<00:01:01.199> install<00:01:01.519> a<00:01:01.600> Burg<00:01:01.840> alarm<00:01:02.120> in<00:01:02.239> your
going to install a Burg alarm in your
going to install a Burg alarm in your
home<00:01:03.280> or<00:01:03.440> a<00:01:03.600> national<00:01:03.920> decision<00:01:04.199> whe<00:01:04.320> you're
home or a national decision whe you're
home or a national decision whe you're
going<00:01:04.479> to<00:01:04.519> invade<00:01:04.839> some<00:01:05.000> foreign<00:01:05.360> country
going to invade some foreign country
going to invade some foreign country
you're<00:01:06.200> going<00:01:06.320> to<00:01:06.439> trade<00:01:06.720> off<00:01:07.000> something<00:01:07.600> uh
you're going to trade off something uh
you're going to trade off something uh
either<00:01:08.080> money<00:01:08.560> or<00:01:08.920> time<00:01:09.360> convenience
either money or time convenience
either money or time convenience
capabilities<00:01:11.240> maybe<00:01:11.520> fundamental<00:01:12.479> Liberties
capabilities maybe fundamental Liberties
capabilities maybe fundamental Liberties
and<00:01:13.640> the<00:01:13.759> question<00:01:14.040> to<00:01:14.280> ask<00:01:14.560> when<00:01:14.680> you<00:01:14.759> look<00:01:14.920> at
and the question to ask when you look at
and the question to ask when you look at
it<00:01:15.119> a<00:01:15.360> security<00:01:16.000> anything<00:01:16.840> is<00:01:17.159> not<00:01:18.159> whether
it a security anything is not whether
it a security anything is not whether
this<00:01:18.680> makes<00:01:18.960> us<00:01:19.240> safer<00:01:20.240> but<00:01:20.600> whether<00:01:20.840> it's
this makes us safer but whether it's
this makes us safer but whether it's
worth<00:01:21.320> the<00:01:21.520> tradeoff<00:01:22.520> you've<00:01:22.759> heard<00:01:23.200> uh<00:01:23.320> in
worth the tradeoff you've heard uh in
worth the tradeoff you've heard uh in
the<00:01:23.560> past<00:01:23.759> several<00:01:24.159> years<00:01:24.720> the<00:01:24.840> world<00:01:25.119> is
the past several years the world is
the past several years the world is
safer<00:01:25.640> because<00:01:25.880> Saddam<00:01:26.200> Hussein<00:01:26.439> is<00:01:26.560> not<00:01:26.680> in
safer because Saddam Hussein is not in
safer because Saddam Hussein is not in
power<00:01:27.479> that<00:01:27.640> might<00:01:27.799> be<00:01:28.079> true<00:01:28.640> but<00:01:28.759> it's<00:01:28.920> not
power that might be true but it's not
power that might be true but it's not
terribly<00:01:29.520> relevant<00:01:30.240> the<00:01:30.400> question<00:01:30.799> is<00:01:31.520> was<00:01:31.640> it
terribly relevant the question is was it
terribly relevant the question is was it
worth<00:01:32.159> it<00:01:33.159> and<00:01:33.560> you<00:01:33.720> know<00:01:34.000> you<00:01:34.119> can<00:01:34.280> make<00:01:34.439> your
worth it and you know you can make your
worth it and you know you can make your
own<00:01:34.840> decision<00:01:35.520> and<00:01:35.640> then<00:01:35.759> you'll<00:01:36.000> decide
own decision and then you'll decide
own decision and then you'll decide
whether<00:01:36.640> the<00:01:36.759> invasion<00:01:37.200> was<00:01:37.360> worth<00:01:37.560> it<00:01:38.240> that's
whether the invasion was worth it that's
whether the invasion was worth it that's
how<00:01:38.640> you<00:01:38.799> think<00:01:39.000> about<00:01:39.280> Security<00:01:40.000> in<00:01:40.119> terms<00:01:40.360> of
how you think about Security in terms of
how you think about Security in terms of
the<00:01:40.960> tradeoff<00:01:41.960> now<00:01:42.399> there's<00:01:42.720> often<00:01:43.079> no<00:01:43.360> right
the tradeoff now there's often no right
the tradeoff now there's often no right
or<00:01:43.759> wrong<00:01:44.240> here<00:01:45.240> some<00:01:45.399> of<00:01:45.560> us<00:01:45.719> have<00:01:45.880> a<00:01:45.960> burglar
or wrong here some of us have a burglar
or wrong here some of us have a burglar
Arm<00:01:46.520> System<00:01:46.719> at<00:01:46.840> home<00:01:47.000> and<00:01:47.119> some<00:01:47.280> of<00:01:47.399> us<00:01:47.560> don't
Arm System at home and some of us don't
Arm System at home and some of us don't
and<00:01:48.640> it'll<00:01:49.000> depend<00:01:49.360> on<00:01:49.799> where<00:01:50.040> we<00:01:50.320> live
and it'll depend on where we live
and it'll depend on where we live
whether<00:01:51.399> we<00:01:51.520> live<00:01:51.640> alone<00:01:51.880> or<00:01:52.040> have<00:01:52.119> a<00:01:52.320> family
whether we live alone or have a family
whether we live alone or have a family
you<00:01:52.799> know<00:01:52.960> how<00:01:53.040> much<00:01:53.240> cool<00:01:53.520> stuff<00:01:53.880> we<00:01:54.159> have<00:01:54.920> how
you know how much cool stuff we have how
you know how much cool stuff we have how
much<00:01:55.360> we're<00:01:55.560> willing<00:01:55.840> to<00:01:56.079> accept<00:01:56.439> the<00:01:56.600> risk<00:01:56.920> of
much we're willing to accept the risk of
much we're willing to accept the risk of
of
of
of
theft<00:01:59.000> right<00:01:59.159> in<00:01:59.320> in<00:01:59.479> politics<00:02:00.200> also<00:02:00.640> there
theft right in in politics also there
theft right in in politics also there
are<00:02:00.920> different<00:02:01.520> opinions<00:02:02.520> a<00:02:02.640> lot<00:02:02.759> of<00:02:03.000> times
are different opinions a lot of times
are different opinions a lot of times
these<00:02:03.719> tradeoffs<00:02:04.640> are<00:02:04.880> about<00:02:05.240> more<00:02:05.479> than<00:02:05.719> just
these tradeoffs are about more than just
these tradeoffs are about more than just
security<00:02:06.840> and<00:02:06.960> I<00:02:07.039> think<00:02:07.159> it's<00:02:07.360> really
security and I think it's really
security and I think it's really
important<00:02:08.840> now<00:02:09.160> people<00:02:09.479> have<00:02:09.599> a<00:02:09.879> natural
important now people have a natural
important now people have a natural
intuition<00:02:10.800> about<00:02:11.039> these<00:02:11.599> tradeoffs<00:02:12.599> we<00:02:12.760> make
intuition about these tradeoffs we make
intuition about these tradeoffs we make
them<00:02:13.319> every<00:02:13.760> day<00:02:14.760> at<00:02:15.000> last<00:02:15.200> night<00:02:15.360> in<00:02:15.480> my<00:02:15.599> hotel
them every day at last night in my hotel
them every day at last night in my hotel
room<00:02:16.120> when<00:02:16.239> I<00:02:16.319> decid<00:02:16.599> to<00:02:16.680> double<00:02:16.920> lock<00:02:17.160> the
room when I decid to double lock the
room when I decid to double lock the
door<00:02:18.280> or<00:02:18.519> you<00:02:18.680> in<00:02:18.840> your<00:02:19.080> car<00:02:19.480> when<00:02:19.599> you<00:02:19.720> drove
door or you in your car when you drove
door or you in your car when you drove
here<00:02:21.080> you<00:02:21.200> know<00:02:21.319> when<00:02:21.440> we<00:02:21.599> go<00:02:21.720> eat<00:02:21.959> lunch<00:02:22.200> and
here you know when we go eat lunch and
here you know when we go eat lunch and
decide<00:02:22.760> the<00:02:22.840> food's<00:02:23.160> not<00:02:23.400> poison<00:02:23.840> and<00:02:23.959> we'll
decide the food's not poison and we'll
decide the food's not poison and we'll
eat<00:02:24.280> it<00:02:25.280> right<00:02:25.440> we<00:02:25.560> make<00:02:25.800> these<00:02:26.000> trade-offs
eat it right we make these trade-offs
eat it right we make these trade-offs
again<00:02:27.200> and<00:02:27.599> again<00:02:28.599> multiple<00:02:29.040> times<00:02:29.280> a<00:02:29.480> day<00:02:29.959> we
again and again multiple times a day we
again and again multiple times a day we
often<00:02:30.319> don't<00:02:30.480> even<00:02:30.680> notice<00:02:31.080> them<00:02:31.519> they're
often don't even notice them they're
often don't even notice them they're
just<00:02:31.959> part<00:02:32.160> of<00:02:32.360> being<00:02:32.640> alive<00:02:33.319> we<00:02:33.480> all<00:02:33.720> do<00:02:33.920> it
just part of being alive we all do it
just part of being alive we all do it
every<00:02:34.800> species<00:02:35.280> does<00:02:35.480> it<00:02:36.480> right<00:02:36.680> imagine<00:02:36.959> a
every species does it right imagine a
every species does it right imagine a
rabbit<00:02:37.480> in<00:02:37.560> a<00:02:37.680> field<00:02:38.040> eating<00:02:38.400> grass<00:02:39.280> and<00:02:39.400> the
rabbit in a field eating grass and the
rabbit in a field eating grass and the
rabbit's<00:02:39.959> going<00:02:40.080> to<00:02:40.200> see<00:02:40.400> a<00:02:40.920> fox<00:02:41.920> that<00:02:42.159> rabbit
rabbit's going to see a fox that rabbit
rabbit's going to see a fox that rabbit
will<00:02:42.599> make<00:02:42.720> a<00:02:42.879> security<00:02:43.239> trade-off<00:02:43.720> should<00:02:43.920> I
will make a security trade-off should I
will make a security trade-off should I
stay<00:02:44.480> or<00:02:44.640> should<00:02:44.800> I
stay or should I
stay or should I
flee<00:02:46.440> and<00:02:46.560> if<00:02:46.680> you<00:02:46.840> think<00:02:47.080> about<00:02:47.319> it<00:02:48.080> the
flee and if you think about it the
flee and if you think about it the
rabbits<00:02:48.680> that<00:02:48.800> are<00:02:49.000> good<00:02:49.159> at<00:02:49.319> making<00:02:49.599> that
rabbits that are good at making that
rabbits that are good at making that
trade-off<00:02:50.599> will<00:02:50.800> tend<00:02:51.000> to<00:02:51.120> live<00:02:51.280> and
trade-off will tend to live and
trade-off will tend to live and
reproduce<00:02:52.599> and<00:02:52.760> the<00:02:52.920> rabbits<00:02:53.239> that<00:02:53.360> are<00:02:53.560> bad
reproduce and the rabbits that are bad
reproduce and the rabbits that are bad
at<00:02:54.000> it<00:02:54.840> will<00:02:55.080> get<00:02:55.200> eaten<00:02:55.440> or<00:02:56.040> starve<00:02:57.040> so<00:02:57.239> you'd
at it will get eaten or starve so you'd
at it will get eaten or starve so you'd
think<00:02:58.599> that<00:02:59.599> us<00:03:00.120> as<00:03:00.239> a<00:03:00.440> successful<00:03:01.040> species<00:03:01.400> on
think that us as a successful species on
think that us as a successful species on
the<00:03:01.720> planet<00:03:02.120> right<00:03:02.319> you<00:03:02.560> me<00:03:02.879> everybody<00:03:03.879> would
the planet right you me everybody would
the planet right you me everybody would
be<00:03:04.440> really<00:03:04.799> good<00:03:05.000> at<00:03:05.120> making<00:03:05.440> these
be really good at making these
be really good at making these
tradeoffs<00:03:07.319> yet<00:03:07.480> it<00:03:07.599> seems<00:03:08.080> again<00:03:08.280> and<00:03:08.480> again
tradeoffs yet it seems again and again
tradeoffs yet it seems again and again
that<00:03:08.840> we're<00:03:09.040> hopelessly<00:03:09.599> bad<00:03:09.799> at
that we're hopelessly bad at
that we're hopelessly bad at
it<00:03:11.840> right<00:03:11.959> and<00:03:12.120> I<00:03:12.200> think<00:03:12.400> that's<00:03:12.519> a
it right and I think that's a
it right and I think that's a
fundamentally<00:03:13.440> interesting<00:03:13.920> question<00:03:14.599> I
fundamentally interesting question I
fundamentally interesting question I
I'll<00:03:14.840> give<00:03:14.959> you<00:03:15.080> the<00:03:15.200> short<00:03:15.519> answer<00:03:16.440> the
I'll give you the short answer the
I'll give you the short answer the
answer<00:03:16.879> is<00:03:17.040> we<00:03:17.200> respond<00:03:17.560> to<00:03:17.680> the<00:03:17.840> feeling<00:03:18.120> of
answer is we respond to the feeling of
answer is we respond to the feeling of
security<00:03:19.120> and<00:03:19.280> not<00:03:19.440> the
security and not the
security and not the
reality<00:03:21.959> now<00:03:22.360> most<00:03:22.599> of<00:03:22.760> the<00:03:22.959> time<00:03:23.319> that
reality now most of the time that
reality now most of the time that
works<00:03:25.599> right<00:03:25.879> most<00:03:26.080> of<00:03:26.239> the<00:03:26.440> time<00:03:26.959> feeling<00:03:27.400> and
works right most of the time feeling and
works right most of the time feeling and
reality<00:03:28.239> are<00:03:28.480> the<00:03:28.640> same
reality are the same
reality are the same
certainly<00:03:31.640> that's<00:03:31.959> true<00:03:32.799> for<00:03:33.000> most<00:03:33.200> of<00:03:33.360> human
certainly that's true for most of human
certainly that's true for most of human
prehistory<00:03:35.640> right<00:03:35.799> we've<00:03:36.239> developed<00:03:37.239> this
prehistory right we've developed this
prehistory right we've developed this
ability<00:03:38.480> because<00:03:38.879> it<00:03:39.040> makes<00:03:39.400> evolutionary
ability because it makes evolutionary
ability because it makes evolutionary
sense<00:03:41.840> I<00:03:41.920> mean<00:03:42.120> one<00:03:42.280> way<00:03:42.400> to<00:03:42.560> think<00:03:42.720> of<00:03:42.879> it<00:03:43.080> is
sense I mean one way to think of it is
sense I mean one way to think of it is
that<00:03:43.400> we're<00:03:43.879> highly<00:03:44.280> optimized<00:03:45.200> for<00:03:45.599> uh<00:03:45.840> risk
that we're highly optimized for uh risk
that we're highly optimized for uh risk
decisions<00:03:47.120> that<00:03:47.280> are<00:03:47.480> endemic<00:03:47.879> to<00:03:48.000> living<00:03:48.200> in
decisions that are endemic to living in
decisions that are endemic to living in
small<00:03:48.680> family<00:03:49.000> groups<00:03:49.519> in<00:03:49.640> the<00:03:49.760> east<00:03:50.000> African
small family groups in the east African
small family groups in the east African
Highlands<00:03:50.799> in<00:03:51.040> 100,000<00:03:51.720> BC<00:03:52.720> 2010<00:03:53.400> New<00:03:53.560> York
Highlands in 100,000 BC 2010 New York
Highlands in 100,000 BC 2010 New York
you<00:03:54.200> know<00:03:54.400> not<00:03:54.560> so
you know not so
you know not so
much<00:03:56.920> now<00:03:57.200> there<00:03:57.319> are<00:03:58.319> several<00:03:58.799> biases<00:03:59.159> and
much now there are several biases and
much now there are several biases and
risk<00:03:59.480> per<00:04:00.079> a<00:04:00.239> lot<00:04:00.319> of<00:04:00.480> good<00:04:00.680> experiments<00:04:01.239> in
risk per a lot of good experiments in
risk per a lot of good experiments in
this<00:04:01.959> and<00:04:02.079> you<00:04:02.239> can<00:04:02.519> see<00:04:03.480> certain<00:04:03.840> biases<00:04:04.280> that
this and you can see certain biases that
this and you can see certain biases that
come<00:04:04.560> up<00:04:04.760> again<00:04:04.920> and<00:04:05.120> again<00:04:05.280> I<00:04:05.519> I<00:04:05.720> give<00:04:05.799> you
come up again and again I I give you
come up again and again I I give you
four<00:04:06.959> uh<00:04:07.079> we<00:04:07.200> tend<00:04:07.400> to<00:04:07.680> exaggerate
four uh we tend to exaggerate
four uh we tend to exaggerate
spectacular<00:04:09.079> and<00:04:09.280> rare<00:04:09.599> risks<00:04:10.079> and<00:04:10.280> downplay
spectacular and rare risks and downplay
spectacular and rare risks and downplay
common<00:04:11.159> risks<00:04:11.920> so<00:04:12.120> flying<00:04:12.560> versus
common risks so flying versus
common risks so flying versus
driving<00:04:14.640> uh<00:04:14.799> the<00:04:15.400> unknown<00:04:16.400> is<00:04:16.600> proceed<00:04:16.880> to<00:04:16.959> be
driving uh the unknown is proceed to be
driving uh the unknown is proceed to be
riskier<00:04:17.359> than<00:04:17.440> the
familiar<00:04:20.919> uh<00:04:21.440> one<00:04:21.680> example<00:04:22.040> would<00:04:22.199> be<00:04:22.560> uh
familiar uh one example would be uh
familiar uh one example would be uh
people<00:04:23.000> fear<00:04:23.479> kidnapping<00:04:24.080> by<00:04:24.520> strangers<00:04:25.520> when
people fear kidnapping by strangers when
people fear kidnapping by strangers when
the<00:04:25.800> data<00:04:26.160> supports<00:04:26.800> uh<00:04:26.960> kidnapping<00:04:27.400> by
the data supports uh kidnapping by
the data supports uh kidnapping by
relatives<00:04:27.960> is<00:04:28.120> much<00:04:28.280> more<00:04:28.479> common<00:04:28.919> this<00:04:29.080> is
relatives is much more common this is
relatives is much more common this is
for<00:04:29.320> children
for children
for children
uh<00:04:31.120> third<00:04:31.880> personified<00:04:32.720> risks<00:04:33.720> are<00:04:33.960> proceed
uh third personified risks are proceed
uh third personified risks are proceed
to<00:04:34.320> be<00:04:34.440> greater<00:04:34.720> than<00:04:34.880> Anonymous<00:04:35.400> risks<00:04:36.280> so
to be greater than Anonymous risks so
to be greater than Anonymous risks so
Bin<00:04:36.759> Laden<00:04:37.039> is<00:04:37.199> scarier<00:04:37.720> because<00:04:37.960> he<00:04:38.080> has<00:04:38.199> a
Bin Laden is scarier because he has a
Bin Laden is scarier because he has a
name<00:04:40.240> and<00:04:40.400> the<00:04:40.560> fourth<00:04:41.000> is<00:04:41.280> people
name and the fourth is people
name and the fourth is people
underestimate<00:04:43.280> secur<00:04:43.840> uh<00:04:44.000> risks<00:04:44.440> in
underestimate secur uh risks in
underestimate secur uh risks in
situations<00:04:45.120> they<00:04:45.240> do<00:04:45.440> control<00:04:46.240> and
situations they do control and
situations they do control and
overestimate<00:04:47.120> them<00:04:47.360> in<00:04:47.520> situations<00:04:47.960> they
overestimate them in situations they
overestimate them in situations they
don't<00:04:48.320> control<00:04:49.240> so<00:04:49.440> once<00:04:49.600> you<00:04:49.840> take<00:04:50.039> up
don't control so once you take up
don't control so once you take up
skydiving<00:04:51.280> or<00:04:51.720> smoking<00:04:52.720> you<00:04:52.840> you<00:04:53.000> downplay
skydiving or smoking you you downplay
skydiving or smoking you you downplay
the<00:04:53.960> risks<00:04:54.960> if<00:04:55.080> a<00:04:55.240> risk<00:04:55.440> is<00:04:55.560> thrust<00:04:55.919> upon<00:04:56.160> you
the risks if a risk is thrust upon you
the risks if a risk is thrust upon you
terrorism<00:04:56.720> is<00:04:56.800> a<00:04:56.919> good<00:04:57.080> example<00:04:57.759> you'll
terrorism is a good example you'll
terrorism is a good example you'll
overplay<00:04:58.520> it<00:04:58.840> because<00:04:59.000> you<00:04:59.160> don't<00:04:59.280> feel<00:04:59.479> like
overplay it because you don't feel like
overplay it because you don't feel like
gets<00:04:59.840> in<00:04:59.960> your
gets in your
gets in your
control<00:05:02.240> uh<00:05:02.360> there<00:05:02.440> are<00:05:02.520> a<00:05:02.600> bunch<00:05:02.800> of<00:05:02.960> other<00:05:03.320> of
control uh there are a bunch of other of
control uh there are a bunch of other of
these<00:05:03.880> biases<00:05:04.360> these<00:05:04.600> cognitive<00:05:05.000> biases<00:05:05.440> that
these biases these cognitive biases that
these biases these cognitive biases that
affect<00:05:05.840> our<00:05:06.039> risk
affect our risk
affect our risk
decisions<00:05:07.880> uh<00:05:08.880> there's<00:05:09.120> the<00:05:09.280> availability
decisions uh there's the availability
decisions uh there's the availability
her<00:05:10.160> istic<00:05:11.160> which<00:05:11.400> basically<00:05:11.919> means<00:05:12.720> we
her istic which basically means we
her istic which basically means we
estimate<00:05:13.639> the<00:05:13.840> probability<00:05:14.400> of<00:05:14.600> something<00:05:15.360> by
estimate the probability of something by
estimate the probability of something by
how<00:05:15.880> easy<00:05:16.160> it<00:05:16.320> is<00:05:16.479> to<00:05:16.639> bring<00:05:16.840> instances<00:05:17.560> of<00:05:17.680> it
how easy it is to bring instances of it
how easy it is to bring instances of it
to
to
to
mind<00:05:19.840> so<00:05:20.080> you<00:05:20.199> could<00:05:20.400> imagine<00:05:20.720> how<00:05:20.880> that<00:05:21.039> works
mind so you could imagine how that works
mind so you could imagine how that works
if<00:05:21.440> you<00:05:21.560> hear<00:05:21.759> a<00:05:21.880> lot<00:05:22.039> about<00:05:22.280> tiger<00:05:22.639> attacks
if you hear a lot about tiger attacks
if you hear a lot about tiger attacks
must<00:05:23.199> be<00:05:23.280> a<00:05:23.319> lot<00:05:23.440> of<00:05:23.479> tigers<00:05:23.880> around<00:05:24.360> you<00:05:24.479> don't
must be a lot of tigers around you don't
must be a lot of tigers around you don't
hear<00:05:24.840> about<00:05:25.000> lion<00:05:25.319> attacks<00:05:25.600> there<00:05:25.720> aren't<00:05:25.919> a
hear about lion attacks there aren't a
hear about lion attacks there aren't a
lot<00:05:26.120> of<00:05:26.240> lions<00:05:26.600> around<00:05:27.440> this<00:05:27.639> works<00:05:28.000> until<00:05:28.280> you
lot of lions around this works until you
lot of lions around this works until you
invent<00:05:28.800> newspapers
invent newspapers
invent newspapers
because<00:05:31.240> what<00:05:31.360> newspapers<00:05:32.160> do<00:05:33.039> is<00:05:33.280> they
because what newspapers do is they
because what newspapers do is they
repeat<00:05:34.360> again<00:05:34.560> and<00:05:34.800> again<00:05:35.360> rare<00:05:35.800> risks<00:05:36.800> and<00:05:36.919> I
repeat again and again rare risks and I
repeat again and again rare risks and I
tell<00:05:37.319> people<00:05:37.680> if<00:05:37.759> it's<00:05:37.880> in<00:05:37.960> the<00:05:38.080> news<00:05:38.319> don't
tell people if it's in the news don't
tell people if it's in the news don't
worry<00:05:38.800> about<00:05:38.960> it<00:05:39.360> because<00:05:39.560> by<00:05:39.800> definition
worry about it because by definition
worry about it because by definition
news<00:05:41.039> is<00:05:41.680> something<00:05:42.039> that<00:05:42.280> almost<00:05:42.720> never
news is something that almost never
news is something that almost never
happens<00:05:45.479> right<00:05:45.880> when<00:05:46.080> something<00:05:46.400> is<00:05:46.600> so
happens right when something is so
happens right when something is so
common<00:05:47.319> it's<00:05:47.560> no<00:05:47.759> longer<00:05:48.080> news<00:05:48.680> where<00:05:48.840> car
common it's no longer news where car
common it's no longer news where car
crashes<00:05:49.639> domestic<00:05:50.120> violence<00:05:50.960> those<00:05:51.080> are<00:05:51.240> the
crashes domestic violence those are the
crashes domestic violence those are the
risks<00:05:51.639> you<00:05:51.759> worry
risks you worry
risks you worry
about<00:05:53.840> uh<00:05:53.960> we're<00:05:54.160> also<00:05:54.360> a<00:05:54.520> species<00:05:54.840> of
about uh we're also a species of
about uh we're also a species of
storytellers<00:05:55.759> we<00:05:55.919> respond<00:05:56.240> to<00:05:56.360> stories<00:05:56.720> more
storytellers we respond to stories more
storytellers we respond to stories more
than<00:05:57.560> data<00:05:58.560> and<00:05:58.680> there's<00:05:58.840> some<00:05:59.000> basic<00:05:59.280> enumer
than data and there's some basic enumer
than data and there's some basic enumer
y<00:06:00.039> going<00:06:00.240> on<00:06:00.840> I<00:06:00.919> mean<00:06:01.080> the<00:06:01.199> joke<00:06:01.479> 1<00:06:01.680> two<00:06:01.919> 3<00:06:02.120> many
y going on I mean the joke 1 two 3 many
y going on I mean the joke 1 two 3 many
is<00:06:02.759> kind<00:06:02.919> of<00:06:03.240> right<00:06:04.080> we're<00:06:04.319> really<00:06:04.639> good<00:06:04.800> at
is kind of right we're really good at
is kind of right we're really good at
small<00:06:05.440> numbers<00:06:06.400> one<00:06:06.680> mango<00:06:07.080> two<00:06:07.280> mangoes
small numbers one mango two mangoes
small numbers one mango two mangoes
three<00:06:07.960> mangoes<00:06:08.759> 10,000<00:06:09.319> mangoes<00:06:09.800> 100,000
three mangoes 10,000 mangoes 100,000
three mangoes 10,000 mangoes 100,000
mangoes<00:06:10.720> it's<00:06:10.880> still<00:06:11.160> more<00:06:11.400> mangoes<00:06:11.840> you<00:06:11.919> can
mangoes it's still more mangoes you can
mangoes it's still more mangoes you can
eat<00:06:12.240> before<00:06:12.440> they<00:06:12.720> rot<00:06:13.720> so<00:06:14.000> one<00:06:14.360> half<00:06:14.680> one
eat before they rot so one half one
eat before they rot so one half one
quarter<00:06:15.319> one<00:06:15.680> fifth<00:06:16.039> we're<00:06:16.240> good<00:06:16.400> at<00:06:16.599> that<00:06:17.120> one
quarter one fifth we're good at that one
quarter one fifth we're good at that one
in<00:06:17.400> a<00:06:17.520> million<00:06:17.880> one<00:06:18.000> in<00:06:18.120> a<00:06:18.280> billion<00:06:19.000> they're
in a million one in a billion they're
in a million one in a billion they're
both<00:06:19.440> almost
both almost
both almost
never<00:06:21.560> so<00:06:21.840> we<00:06:22.000> have<00:06:22.199> trouble<00:06:22.720> with<00:06:22.919> the<00:06:23.039> risks
never so we have trouble with the risks
never so we have trouble with the risks
that<00:06:23.440> aren't<00:06:23.759> very
that aren't very
that aren't very
common<00:06:25.759> and<00:06:25.919> what<00:06:26.080> these<00:06:26.319> cognitive<00:06:26.800> biases
common and what these cognitive biases
common and what these cognitive biases
do<00:06:27.800> is<00:06:28.000> they<00:06:28.240> act<00:06:28.560> as<00:06:28.720> filters<00:06:29.199> between<00:06:29.720> in
do is they act as filters between in
do is they act as filters between in
reality<00:06:31.319> right<00:06:31.479> and<00:06:31.599> the<00:06:31.759> result<00:06:32.240> is<00:06:32.960> that
reality right and the result is that
reality right and the result is that
feeling<00:06:33.520> and<00:06:33.800> reality<00:06:34.360> get<00:06:34.479> out<00:06:34.639> of<00:06:34.800> whack
feeling and reality get out of whack
feeling and reality get out of whack
they<00:06:35.360> get
they get
they get
different<00:06:37.360> and<00:06:37.560> now<00:06:38.080> we<00:06:38.319> either<00:06:38.680> have<00:06:38.960> you
different and now we either have you
different and now we either have you
know<00:06:39.280> feeling<00:06:39.759> you<00:06:39.880> feel<00:06:40.080> more<00:06:40.280> secure<00:06:40.599> than
know feeling you feel more secure than
know feeling you feel more secure than
you<00:06:40.840> are<00:06:41.080> there's<00:06:41.240> a<00:06:41.319> false<00:06:41.599> sense<00:06:41.759> of
you are there's a false sense of
you are there's a false sense of
security<00:06:42.680> or<00:06:42.880> the<00:06:43.000> other<00:06:43.240> way<00:06:43.440> and<00:06:43.599> there's
security or the other way and there's
security or the other way and there's
you<00:06:44.160> know<00:06:44.240> a<00:06:44.280> false<00:06:44.599> sense<00:06:44.759> of
you know a false sense of
you know a false sense of
insecurity<00:06:47.000> I<00:06:47.120> write<00:06:47.360> a<00:06:47.520> lot<00:06:47.720> about<00:06:48.039> security
insecurity I write a lot about security
insecurity I write a lot about security
Theater<00:06:49.720> which<00:06:49.880> are<00:06:50.240> products<00:06:50.759> that<00:06:51.160> make
Theater which are products that make
Theater which are products that make
people<00:06:51.680> feel<00:06:52.080> secure<00:06:52.400> but<00:06:52.520> don't<00:06:52.800> actually<00:06:53.080> do
people feel secure but don't actually do
people feel secure but don't actually do
anything<00:06:54.479> there's<00:06:54.680> no<00:06:54.840> real<00:06:55.039> word<00:06:55.280> for<00:06:55.479> stuff
anything there's no real word for stuff
anything there's no real word for stuff
that<00:06:55.879> makes<00:06:56.080> us<00:06:56.319> secure<00:06:56.680> but<00:06:56.840> doesn't<00:06:57.840> make<00:06:57.960> us
that makes us secure but doesn't make us
that makes us secure but doesn't make us
feel<00:06:58.440> secure<00:06:59.000> maybe<00:06:59.199> it's<00:06:59.319> what<00:06:59.440> the<00:06:59.599> CIA<00:07:00.039> is
feel secure maybe it's what the CIA is
feel secure maybe it's what the CIA is
supposed<00:07:00.280> to<00:07:00.440> do<00:07:00.800> for
supposed to do for
supposed to do for
us<00:07:03.680> so<00:07:04.400> back<00:07:04.560> to<00:07:04.800> economics<00:07:05.720> if<00:07:05.960> economics<00:07:06.639> if
us so back to economics if economics if
us so back to economics if economics if
the<00:07:06.960> market<00:07:07.360> drives
the market drives
the market drives
security<00:07:09.479> and<00:07:09.639> if<00:07:09.879> people<00:07:10.280> make<00:07:10.919> tradeoffs
security and if people make tradeoffs
security and if people make tradeoffs
based<00:07:11.919> on<00:07:12.039> the<00:07:12.199> feeling<00:07:12.560> of
based on the feeling of
based on the feeling of
security<00:07:14.400> then<00:07:15.039> the<00:07:15.240> smart<00:07:15.879> thing<00:07:16.240> for
security then the smart thing for
security then the smart thing for
companies<00:07:17.000> to<00:07:17.160> do<00:07:17.319> for<00:07:17.479> the<00:07:17.639> economic
companies to do for the economic
companies to do for the economic
incentives<00:07:18.840> are<00:07:19.000> to<00:07:19.240> make<00:07:19.520> people<00:07:19.840> feel
incentives are to make people feel
incentives are to make people feel
secure<00:07:22.039> right<00:07:22.319> and<00:07:22.400> there<00:07:22.479> are<00:07:22.680> two<00:07:22.879> ways<00:07:23.080> to
secure right and there are two ways to
secure right and there are two ways to
do<00:07:23.520> this<00:07:24.319> one<00:07:25.120> you<00:07:25.280> can<00:07:25.479> make<00:07:25.720> people<00:07:26.120> actually
do this one you can make people actually
do this one you can make people actually
secure<00:07:27.039> and<00:07:27.160> hope<00:07:27.360> they<00:07:27.560> notice<00:07:28.560> or<00:07:28.800> two<00:07:29.240> you
secure and hope they notice or two you
secure and hope they notice or two you
can<00:07:29.720> make<00:07:29.960> people<00:07:30.360> just<00:07:30.599> feel<00:07:31.000> secure<00:07:31.360> and
can make people just feel secure and
can make people just feel secure and
hope<00:07:31.840> they<00:07:32.240> don't
hope they don't
hope they don't
notice<00:07:34.840> right<00:07:35.840> so<00:07:36.759> what<00:07:37.120> makes<00:07:37.879> people<00:07:38.520> notice
notice right so what makes people notice
notice right so what makes people notice
well<00:07:39.680> a<00:07:39.800> couple<00:07:40.039> of<00:07:40.360> things<00:07:41.360> understanding
well a couple of things understanding
well a couple of things understanding
right<00:07:42.319> of<00:07:42.479> the<00:07:42.720> security<00:07:43.199> of<00:07:43.360> the<00:07:43.560> risks<00:07:44.000> the
right of the security of the risks the
right of the security of the risks the
threats<00:07:44.639> the<00:07:44.759> countermeasures<00:07:45.479> how<00:07:45.680> they
threats the countermeasures how they
threats the countermeasures how they
work<00:07:46.720> me<00:07:46.879> if<00:07:46.960> you<00:07:47.120> know<00:07:47.560> stuff<00:07:47.879> you're<00:07:48.080> more
work me if you know stuff you're more
work me if you know stuff you're more
likely<00:07:50.080> to<00:07:50.599> have<00:07:50.759> your<00:07:50.919> feelings<00:07:51.319> match
likely to have your feelings match
likely to have your feelings match
reality<00:07:53.120> uh<00:07:53.280> enough<00:07:53.720> real<00:07:54.080> world<00:07:54.560> examples
reality uh enough real world examples
reality uh enough real world examples
helps<00:07:56.240> now<00:07:56.400> we<00:07:56.520> all<00:07:56.680> know<00:07:56.879> the<00:07:57.080> crime<00:07:57.360> rate<00:07:57.560> in
helps now we all know the crime rate in
helps now we all know the crime rate in
our<00:07:57.800> neighborhood<00:07:58.800> cuz<00:07:58.960> we<00:07:59.080> live<00:07:59.319> there<00:07:59.599> there
our neighborhood cuz we live there there
our neighborhood cuz we live there there
and<00:08:00.159> we<00:08:00.319> get<00:08:00.400> a<00:08:00.560> feeling<00:08:00.919> about<00:08:01.120> it<00:08:01.639> that
and we get a feeling about it that
and we get a feeling about it that
basically<00:08:02.159> matches
basically matches
basically matches
reality<00:08:05.080> right<00:08:05.319> security<00:08:05.879> theat<00:08:06.440> exposed
reality right security theat exposed
reality right security theat exposed
when<00:08:07.280> it's<00:08:07.680> obvious<00:08:08.080> that<00:08:08.199> it's<00:08:08.360> not<00:08:08.560> working
when it's obvious that it's not working
when it's obvious that it's not working
properly<00:08:11.440> okay<00:08:12.000> so<00:08:12.199> what<00:08:12.360> makes<00:08:12.639> people<00:08:13.000> not
properly okay so what makes people not
properly okay so what makes people not
notice<00:08:14.479> well<00:08:14.720> a<00:08:14.879> poor<00:08:15.639> understanding<00:08:16.639> right
notice well a poor understanding right
notice well a poor understanding right
if<00:08:16.840> you<00:08:16.919> don't<00:08:17.280> understand<00:08:17.400> the<00:08:17.560> risks<00:08:17.919> you
if you don't understand the risks you
if you don't understand the risks you
don't<00:08:18.360> understand<00:08:18.479> the<00:08:18.680> costs<00:08:19.360> you're<00:08:19.639> likely
don't understand the costs you're likely
don't understand the costs you're likely
to<00:08:20.120> get<00:08:20.520> the<00:08:20.680> trade-off<00:08:21.199> wrong<00:08:21.960> and<00:08:22.080> your
to get the trade-off wrong and your
to get the trade-off wrong and your
feeling<00:08:22.560> doesn't<00:08:22.800> match<00:08:23.479> reality<00:08:24.479> right<00:08:24.680> not
feeling doesn't match reality right not
feeling doesn't match reality right not
enough
enough
enough
examples<00:08:26.840> there's<00:08:27.000> an<00:08:27.199> inherent<00:08:27.919> problem
examples there's an inherent problem
examples there's an inherent problem
with<00:08:28.680> low<00:08:28.960> probability
with low probability
with low probability
events<00:08:31.000> if<00:08:31.240> for<00:08:31.440> example<00:08:31.919> terrorism<00:08:32.800> almost
events if for example terrorism almost
events if for example terrorism almost
never<00:08:33.760> happens<00:08:34.760> it's<00:08:35.039> really<00:08:35.360> hard<00:08:35.560> to<00:08:35.880> judge
never happens it's really hard to judge
never happens it's really hard to judge
the<00:08:36.800> efficacy<00:08:37.800> of<00:08:38.000> counterterrorist
the efficacy of counterterrorist
the efficacy of counterterrorist
measures<00:08:40.560> right<00:08:40.719> I<00:08:40.800> mean<00:08:40.959> this<00:08:41.039> is<00:08:41.279> why<00:08:41.519> you
measures right I mean this is why you
measures right I mean this is why you
you<00:08:41.839> know<00:08:42.000> you<00:08:42.159> keep<00:08:42.519> sacrificing<00:08:43.159> virgins
you know you keep sacrificing virgins
you know you keep sacrificing virgins
and<00:08:44.120> why<00:08:44.279> your<00:08:44.440> unicorn<00:08:44.959> defenses<00:08:45.320> are
and why your unicorn defenses are
and why your unicorn defenses are
working<00:08:45.760> just<00:08:46.040> great<00:08:46.519> there<00:08:46.839> aren't<00:08:47.120> enough
working just great there aren't enough
working just great there aren't enough
examples<00:08:48.320> of
examples of
examples of
failures<00:08:51.240> also<00:08:51.800> feelings<00:08:52.320> that<00:08:52.399> are<00:08:52.560> clouding
failures also feelings that are clouding
failures also feelings that are clouding
the<00:08:53.080> issues<00:08:53.920> right<00:08:54.080> the<00:08:54.240> cognitive<00:08:54.680> biases<00:08:55.040> I
the issues right the cognitive biases I
the issues right the cognitive biases I
talked<00:08:55.360> about<00:08:55.519> earlier<00:08:56.240> fears<00:08:56.839> folk
talked about earlier fears folk
talked about earlier fears folk
beliefs<00:08:58.839> right<00:08:59.000> basically<00:08:59.600> an<00:08:59.720> inadequate
beliefs right basically an inadequate
beliefs right basically an inadequate
model<00:09:00.440> of
model of
model of
reality<00:09:03.360> so<00:09:03.560> let<00:09:03.640> me<00:09:03.880> complicate<00:09:04.519> things
reality so let me complicate things
reality so let me complicate things
right<00:09:05.560> I<00:09:05.680> have<00:09:05.920> feeling<00:09:06.600> and<00:09:06.880> reality<00:09:07.600> I<00:09:07.680> want
right I have feeling and reality I want
right I have feeling and reality I want
to<00:09:07.959> add<00:09:08.120> a<00:09:08.240> third<00:09:08.519> element<00:09:08.880> I<00:09:08.959> want<00:09:09.079> to<00:09:09.240> add
to add a third element I want to add
to add a third element I want to add
model<00:09:10.959> right<00:09:11.160> feeling<00:09:11.560> and<00:09:11.760> model<00:09:12.079> in<00:09:12.200> our
model right feeling and model in our
model right feeling and model in our
head<00:09:13.320> reality<00:09:13.760> is<00:09:13.920> the<00:09:14.040> outside<00:09:14.519> world<00:09:15.000> it
head reality is the outside world it
head reality is the outside world it
doesn't<00:09:15.440> change<00:09:15.720> it's
doesn't change it's
doesn't change it's
real<00:09:17.880> right<00:09:18.000> so<00:09:18.240> feeling<00:09:18.600> is<00:09:18.760> based<00:09:18.959> on<00:09:19.079> our
real right so feeling is based on our
real right so feeling is based on our
intuition<00:09:20.120> model<00:09:20.440> is<00:09:20.600> based<00:09:20.839> on<00:09:21.440> reason
intuition model is based on reason
intuition model is based on reason
that's<00:09:22.640> basically<00:09:23.000> the<00:09:23.160> difference<00:09:24.160> uh<00:09:24.360> in<00:09:24.480> A
that's basically the difference uh in A
that's basically the difference uh in A
Primitive<00:09:25.040> and<00:09:25.279> simple<00:09:25.680> world<00:09:26.320> there's
Primitive and simple world there's
Primitive and simple world there's
really<00:09:26.760> no<00:09:27.240> reason<00:09:27.600> for<00:09:27.800> a<00:09:28.000> model
really no reason for a model
really no reason for a model
right<00:09:30.519> because<00:09:30.640> it's<00:09:30.839> feeling<00:09:31.160> is<00:09:31.360> close<00:09:31.600> to
right because it's feeling is close to
right because it's feeling is close to
reality<00:09:32.560> you<00:09:32.720> don't<00:09:32.920> need<00:09:33.079> a<00:09:33.519> model<00:09:34.519> but<00:09:34.640> in<00:09:34.760> a
reality you don't need a model but in a
reality you don't need a model but in a
modern<00:09:35.320> and<00:09:35.600> complex<00:09:36.519> world<00:09:37.519> you<00:09:37.680> need<00:09:38.079> models
modern and complex world you need models
modern and complex world you need models
to<00:09:39.000> understand<00:09:39.480> a<00:09:39.600> lot<00:09:39.720> of<00:09:39.800> the<00:09:39.920> risks<00:09:40.200> we
to understand a lot of the risks we
to understand a lot of the risks we
face<00:09:42.320> you<00:09:42.440> know<00:09:42.600> there's<00:09:42.839> no<00:09:43.279> feeling<00:09:43.800> about
face you know there's no feeling about
face you know there's no feeling about
germs<00:09:45.000> you<00:09:45.120> need<00:09:45.360> a<00:09:45.680> model<00:09:46.040> to<00:09:46.440> understand
germs you need a model to understand
germs you need a model to understand
them<00:09:48.079> so<00:09:48.320> this<00:09:48.600> model<00:09:49.519> is<00:09:49.760> an<00:09:49.920> intelligent
them so this model is an intelligent
them so this model is an intelligent
representation<00:09:51.000> of<00:09:51.440> reality<00:09:52.440> it's<00:09:52.680> of<00:09:52.839> course
representation of reality it's of course
representation of reality it's of course
limited<00:09:53.920> by<00:09:54.920> science<00:09:55.680> by
limited by science by
limited by science by
technology<00:09:58.279> right<00:09:58.440> we<00:09:58.600> couldn't<00:09:58.920> have<00:09:59.040> a<00:09:59.360> germ
technology right we couldn't have a germ
technology right we couldn't have a germ
theory<00:09:59.880> of<00:10:00.000> disease<00:10:00.440> before<00:10:00.640> we<00:10:00.760> invented<00:10:01.079> the
theory of disease before we invented the
theory of disease before we invented the
microscope<00:10:01.760> to<00:10:01.920> see
microscope to see
microscope to see
them<00:10:04.519> uh<00:10:04.600> it's<00:10:04.800> limited<00:10:05.200> by<00:10:05.320> our<00:10:05.560> cognitive
them uh it's limited by our cognitive
them uh it's limited by our cognitive
biases<00:10:08.200> but<00:10:08.440> it<00:10:08.600> has<00:10:08.760> the<00:10:08.959> ability<00:10:09.320> to
biases but it has the ability to
biases but it has the ability to
override<00:10:10.120> our<00:10:10.519> feelings<00:10:11.519> where<00:10:11.680> do<00:10:11.800> we<00:10:11.959> get
override our feelings where do we get
override our feelings where do we get
these<00:10:12.320> models<00:10:12.880> we<00:10:13.040> get<00:10:13.160> them<00:10:13.320> from<00:10:13.640> others<00:10:14.640> we
these models we get them from others we
these models we get them from others we
get<00:10:15.000> them<00:10:15.399> from<00:10:16.240> uh<00:10:16.480> religion<00:10:17.079> from<00:10:17.399> culture
get them from uh religion from culture
get them from uh religion from culture
teachers<00:10:19.360> Elders<00:10:20.360> couple<00:10:20.600> of<00:10:20.720> years<00:10:20.920> ago<00:10:21.320> I
teachers Elders couple of years ago I
teachers Elders couple of years ago I
was<00:10:21.600> in<00:10:21.920> uh<00:10:22.040> South<00:10:22.320> Africa<00:10:22.640> on<00:10:22.800> Safari<00:10:23.680> the
was in uh South Africa on Safari the
was in uh South Africa on Safari the
tracker<00:10:24.240> I<00:10:24.360> was<00:10:24.519> with<00:10:24.680> grew<00:10:24.880> up<00:10:25.000> in<00:10:25.079> Krueger
tracker I was with grew up in Krueger
tracker I was with grew up in Krueger
National<00:10:25.880> Park<00:10:26.399> he<00:10:26.519> had<00:10:26.680> some<00:10:26.880> very<00:10:27.200> complex
National Park he had some very complex
National Park he had some very complex
models<00:10:28.040> on<00:10:28.200> how<00:10:28.320> to<00:10:28.480> survive
models on how to survive
models on how to survive
and<00:10:30.000> it<00:10:30.120> depended<00:10:30.440> if<00:10:30.519> you<00:10:30.720> attacked<00:10:31.040> by<00:10:31.200> a
and it depended if you attacked by a
and it depended if you attacked by a
lion<00:10:31.800> or<00:10:31.920> a<00:10:32.040> leopard<00:10:32.399> or<00:10:32.519> a<00:10:32.600> rhino<00:10:33.000> and<00:10:33.040> an
lion or a leopard or a rhino and an
lion or a leopard or a rhino and an
elephant<00:10:33.560> and<00:10:33.640> when<00:10:33.800> you<00:10:33.959> had<00:10:34.079> to<00:10:34.200> run<00:10:34.399> away
elephant and when you had to run away
elephant and when you had to run away
and<00:10:34.760> when<00:10:34.920> you<00:10:35.040> couldn't<00:10:35.320> run<00:10:35.480> away<00:10:35.680> and<00:10:35.800> when
and when you couldn't run away and when
and when you couldn't run away and when
you<00:10:36.000> had<00:10:36.120> to<00:10:36.240> climb<00:10:36.440> a<00:10:36.560> tree<00:10:37.040> when<00:10:37.160> you<00:10:37.279> could
you had to climb a tree when you could
you had to climb a tree when you could
never<00:10:37.680> climb<00:10:37.920> a<00:10:38.079> tree<00:10:38.440> I<00:10:38.519> would<00:10:38.680> have<00:10:38.920> you<00:10:39.000> know
never climb a tree I would have you know
never climb a tree I would have you know
died<00:10:39.720> in<00:10:40.040> in<00:10:40.160> a
died in in a
died in in a
day<00:10:41.920> right<00:10:42.160> but<00:10:42.360> he<00:10:42.519> was<00:10:42.680> born<00:10:43.120> there<00:10:43.480> and<00:10:43.720> he
day right but he was born there and he
day right but he was born there and he
understood<00:10:44.920> how<00:10:45.000> to<00:10:45.519> survive<00:10:46.519> right<00:10:46.680> I<00:10:46.760> was
understood how to survive right I was
understood how to survive right I was
born<00:10:47.120> in<00:10:47.240> New<00:10:47.360> York<00:10:47.519> City<00:10:47.760> I<00:10:47.880> would<00:10:48.040> could
born in New York City I would could
born in New York City I would could
taken<00:10:48.360> him<00:10:48.480> to<00:10:48.600> New<00:10:48.720> York<00:10:48.880> and<00:10:49.000> he<00:10:49.079> would<00:10:49.160> have
taken him to New York and he would have
taken him to New York and he would have
died<00:10:49.480> in<00:10:49.560> a
died in a
died in a
day<00:10:52.519> right<00:10:52.959> because<00:10:53.279> we<00:10:53.399> had<00:10:53.680> different
day right because we had different
day right because we had different
models<00:10:54.680> based<00:10:54.959> on<00:10:55.079> our<00:10:55.279> our<00:10:55.440> different
models based on our our different
models based on our our different
experiences<00:10:58.480> uh<00:10:58.639> models<00:10:59.000> can<00:10:59.320> come<00:10:59.480> from<00:10:59.600> the
experiences uh models can come from the
experiences uh models can come from the
media<00:11:00.760> from<00:11:00.920> our<00:11:01.079> elected
media from our elected
media from our elected
officials<00:11:03.360> right<00:11:03.600> think<00:11:03.839> of<00:11:04.320> uh<00:11:04.800> of<00:11:04.920> models<00:11:05.240> of
officials right think of uh of models of
officials right think of uh of models of
terrorism<00:11:06.399> uh<00:11:06.560> child
terrorism uh child
terrorism uh child
kidnapping<00:11:08.800> uh<00:11:08.920> Airline<00:11:09.480> safety<00:11:09.959> car<00:11:10.680> safety
kidnapping uh Airline safety car safety
kidnapping uh Airline safety car safety
uh<00:11:11.800> models<00:11:12.120> can<00:11:12.279> come<00:11:12.399> from
uh models can come from
uh models can come from
industry<00:11:14.320> and<00:11:14.519> two<00:11:14.760> I'm<00:11:14.920> following<00:11:15.600> our
industry and two I'm following our
industry and two I'm following our
surveillance<00:11:16.680> cameras<00:11:17.680> uh<00:11:17.880> ID<00:11:18.320> cards<00:11:19.120> quite<00:11:19.279> a
surveillance cameras uh ID cards quite a
surveillance cameras uh ID cards quite a
lot<00:11:19.480> of<00:11:19.560> our<00:11:19.720> computer<00:11:20.079> security<00:11:20.440> models<00:11:20.800> come
lot of our computer security models come
lot of our computer security models come
from<00:11:21.240> there<00:11:22.200> a<00:11:22.279> lot<00:11:22.399> of<00:11:22.519> models<00:11:22.839> come<00:11:22.959> from
from there a lot of models come from
from there a lot of models come from
science<00:11:24.440> you<00:11:24.720> health<00:11:24.959> models<00:11:25.240> are<00:11:25.360> a<00:11:25.519> great
science you health models are a great
science you health models are a great
example<00:11:26.120> think<00:11:26.279> of<00:11:26.560> cancer<00:11:27.000> of<00:11:27.200> bird<00:11:27.440> flu
example think of cancer of bird flu
example think of cancer of bird flu
swine<00:11:28.200> flu<00:11:28.560> SARS
swine flu SARS
swine flu SARS
I<00:11:29.959> mean<00:11:30.200> all<00:11:30.399> of<00:11:30.600> our<00:11:31.399> feelings<00:11:31.839> of<00:11:32.120> security
I mean all of our feelings of security
I mean all of our feelings of security
about<00:11:33.040> those
about those
about those
diseases<00:11:34.880> come<00:11:35.120> from<00:11:35.440> Models<00:11:35.959> given<00:11:36.200> to<00:11:36.399> us
diseases come from Models given to us
diseases come from Models given to us
really<00:11:36.880> by<00:11:37.040> science<00:11:37.800> filed<00:11:38.240> through<00:11:38.399> the
really by science filed through the
really by science filed through the
media<00:11:41.120> right<00:11:41.240> so<00:11:41.480> models<00:11:41.839> can<00:11:42.560> change<00:11:43.560> right
media right so models can change right
media right so models can change right
models<00:11:44.040> are<00:11:44.240> not<00:11:44.720> static<00:11:45.720> as<00:11:45.880> we<00:11:46.079> become<00:11:46.480> more
models are not static as we become more
models are not static as we become more
comfortable<00:11:47.200> in<00:11:47.320> our<00:11:47.920> environments<00:11:48.920> our
comfortable in our environments our
comfortable in our environments our
model<00:11:49.560> can<00:11:49.720> move<00:11:50.000> closer<00:11:50.839> to<00:11:51.440> our
model can move closer to our
model can move closer to our
feelings<00:11:54.240> so<00:11:54.839> uh<00:11:54.959> an<00:11:55.120> example<00:11:55.600> might<00:11:55.880> be<00:11:56.079> if
feelings so uh an example might be if
feelings so uh an example might be if
you<00:11:56.320> go<00:11:56.480> back<00:11:56.639> a<00:11:56.760> 100<00:11:57.000> years<00:11:57.240> ago<00:11:57.920> when
you go back a 100 years ago when
you go back a 100 years ago when
electricity<00:11:59.000> was<00:11:59.320> first<00:12:00.040> becoming<00:12:00.560> common
electricity was first becoming common
electricity was first becoming common
there<00:12:01.480> were<00:12:01.639> a<00:12:01.720> lot<00:12:01.839> of<00:12:01.959> fears<00:12:02.399> about<00:12:02.600> it<00:12:02.920> I
there were a lot of fears about it I
there were a lot of fears about it I
mean<00:12:03.120> there<00:12:03.200> were<00:12:03.360> people<00:12:03.519> who<00:12:03.639> were<00:12:03.800> afraid
mean there were people who were afraid
mean there were people who were afraid
to<00:12:04.240> push<00:12:04.480> doorbells<00:12:05.079> because<00:12:05.200> there<00:12:05.279> was
to push doorbells because there was
to push doorbells because there was
electricity<00:12:05.920> in<00:12:06.000> there<00:12:06.120> and<00:12:06.240> that<00:12:06.320> was
electricity in there and that was
electricity in there and that was
dangerous<00:12:08.079> right<00:12:08.240> for<00:12:08.519> us<00:12:09.000> we're<00:12:09.240> very<00:12:09.519> fossil
dangerous right for us we're very fossil
dangerous right for us we're very fossil
around<00:12:10.800> electricity<00:12:11.320> we<00:12:11.480> change<00:12:11.839> light<00:12:12.079> bulbs
around electricity we change light bulbs
around electricity we change light bulbs
without<00:12:13.240> even<00:12:13.440> thinking<00:12:13.760> about<00:12:14.079> it<00:12:15.079> right<00:12:15.279> our
without even thinking about it right our
without even thinking about it right our
model<00:12:16.000> of<00:12:16.320> of<00:12:16.880> security<00:12:17.560> around<00:12:18.120> electricity
model of of security around electricity
model of of security around electricity
is<00:12:19.279> something<00:12:19.560> we<00:12:19.720> were<00:12:20.040> we<00:12:20.120> were<00:12:20.320> born<00:12:20.720> into
is something we were we were born into
is something we were we were born into
you<00:12:21.839> know<00:12:22.320> it<00:12:22.480> hasn't<00:12:22.760> changed<00:12:23.279> as<00:12:23.360> we<00:12:23.480> were
you know it hasn't changed as we were
you know it hasn't changed as we were
growing<00:12:23.880> up<00:12:24.360> and<00:12:24.519> and<00:12:24.600> we're<00:12:24.839> good<00:12:25.000> at
growing up and and we're good at
growing up and and we're good at
it<00:12:27.440> right<00:12:27.560> or<00:12:27.760> think<00:12:27.880> of<00:12:28.079> the<00:12:28.440> uh<00:12:28.680> risks<00:12:29.480> uh<00:12:29.920> on
it right or think of the uh risks uh on
it right or think of the uh risks uh on
the<00:12:30.160> internet<00:12:30.519> across<00:12:30.920> Generations<00:12:31.920> how<00:12:32.040> your
the internet across Generations how your
the internet across Generations how your
parents<00:12:32.600> approach<00:12:32.880> Internet<00:12:33.240> Security
parents approach Internet Security
parents approach Internet Security
versus<00:12:34.320> how<00:12:34.480> you<00:12:34.600> do<00:12:35.560> versus<00:12:35.880> how<00:12:36.000> our<00:12:36.160> our
versus how you do versus how our our
versus how you do versus how our our
kids
kids
kids
will<00:12:38.199> you<00:12:38.320> know<00:12:38.519> models<00:12:38.959> eventually<00:12:39.320> Fade
will you know models eventually Fade
will you know models eventually Fade
Into<00:12:39.800> the
Into the
Into the
background<00:12:42.320> you<00:12:42.440> know<00:12:42.639> intuitive<00:12:43.199> just
background you know intuitive just
background you know intuitive just
another<00:12:43.519> word<00:12:43.680> for
another word for
another word for
familiar<00:12:45.959> right<00:12:46.120> so<00:12:46.279> as<00:12:46.440> your<00:12:46.680> model<00:12:47.000> is<00:12:47.160> close
familiar right so as your model is close
familiar right so as your model is close
to<00:12:47.639> reality<00:12:48.399> and<00:12:48.480> it<00:12:48.600> converges<00:12:49.040> with
to reality and it converges with
to reality and it converges with
feelings<00:12:49.680> you<00:12:49.839> often<00:12:50.000> don't<00:12:50.160> even<00:12:50.279> know<00:12:50.399> it's
feelings you often don't even know it's
feelings you often don't even know it's
there<00:12:53.160> so<00:12:53.320> a<00:12:53.480> nice<00:12:53.760> example<00:12:54.199> of<00:12:54.360> this<00:12:54.519> came
there so a nice example of this came
there so a nice example of this came
from<00:12:54.959> last<00:12:55.199> year<00:12:55.480> and<00:12:55.800> and<00:12:56.160> and<00:12:56.240> swine
from last year and and and swine
from last year and and and swine
flu<00:12:58.240> when<00:12:58.440> swine<00:12:58.720> flu<00:12:58.959> first<00:12:59.240> first<00:12:59.480> appeared
flu when swine flu first first appeared
flu when swine flu first first appeared
the<00:13:00.480> initial<00:13:00.800> news<00:13:01.279> caused<00:13:01.680> a<00:13:01.800> lot<00:13:01.959> of
the initial news caused a lot of
the initial news caused a lot of
overreaction<00:13:03.680> now<00:13:04.079> it<00:13:04.240> was<00:13:04.440> it<00:13:04.560> had<00:13:04.680> a<00:13:04.920> name
overreaction now it was it had a name
overreaction now it was it had a name
which<00:13:05.760> made<00:13:05.880> it<00:13:06.120> scarier<00:13:06.560> than<00:13:06.680> the<00:13:06.800> regular
which made it scarier than the regular
which made it scarier than the regular
flu<00:13:07.560> even<00:13:07.720> though<00:13:07.800> it<00:13:07.880> was<00:13:08.000> more
flu even though it was more
flu even though it was more
deadly<00:13:09.839> and<00:13:10.120> people<00:13:10.519> thought<00:13:11.000> doctors<00:13:11.440> should
deadly and people thought doctors should
deadly and people thought doctors should
be<00:13:11.800> able<00:13:12.000> to<00:13:12.120> deal<00:13:12.360> with<00:13:12.480> it<00:13:13.440> so<00:13:13.720> was<00:13:13.920> there<00:13:14.079> was
be able to deal with it so was there was
be able to deal with it so was there was
that<00:13:14.360> feeling<00:13:14.680> of<00:13:14.839> lack<00:13:15.040> of<00:13:15.279> control<00:13:15.959> and
that feeling of lack of control and
that feeling of lack of control and
those<00:13:16.320> two<00:13:16.519> things<00:13:17.040> made<00:13:17.240> the<00:13:17.399> risk<00:13:17.680> more<00:13:17.880> than
those two things made the risk more than
those two things made the risk more than
it<00:13:18.240> was<00:13:19.199> uh<00:13:19.399> as<00:13:19.760> as<00:13:20.000> the<00:13:20.160> novelty<00:13:20.639> wore<00:13:20.959> off<00:13:21.320> the
it was uh as as the novelty wore off the
it was uh as as the novelty wore off the
months<00:13:21.639> went<00:13:21.920> by<00:13:22.639> there<00:13:22.760> was<00:13:22.880> some<00:13:23.040> amount<00:13:23.240> of
months went by there was some amount of
months went by there was some amount of
Tolerance<00:13:24.000> people<00:13:24.240> got<00:13:24.440> used<00:13:24.680> to<00:13:25.360> it<00:13:26.360> right
Tolerance people got used to it right
Tolerance people got used to it right
there<00:13:26.560> was<00:13:26.720> no<00:13:26.880> new<00:13:27.160> data<00:13:27.680> but<00:13:27.839> there<00:13:27.959> was<00:13:28.120> less
there was no new data but there was less
there was no new data but there was less
fear
fear
fear
uh<00:13:30.199> by<00:13:30.880> Autumn<00:13:31.880> people<00:13:32.320> thought<00:13:33.040> the<00:13:33.240> doctor
uh by Autumn people thought the doctor
uh by Autumn people thought the doctor
should<00:13:33.680> have<00:13:33.839> solved<00:13:34.320> this<00:13:34.639> already<00:13:35.639> and
should have solved this already and
should have solved this already and
there's<00:13:35.959> kind<00:13:36.079> of<00:13:36.160> a<00:13:36.320> bifurcation<00:13:37.240> people<00:13:37.519> had
there's kind of a bifurcation people had
there's kind of a bifurcation people had
to<00:13:37.880> choose<00:13:38.360> between<00:13:39.199> sort<00:13:39.399> of<00:13:39.920> fear<00:13:40.920> and<00:13:41.240> and
to choose between sort of fear and and
to choose between sort of fear and and
and
and
and
acceptance<00:13:44.560> actually<00:13:44.880> fear<00:13:45.120> and
acceptance actually fear and
acceptance actually fear and
indifference<00:13:45.760> that<00:13:45.959> kind<00:13:46.040> of<00:13:46.160> choose
indifference that kind of choose
indifference that kind of choose
suspicion<00:13:49.160> and<00:13:49.360> when<00:13:49.519> the<00:13:49.760> vaccine<00:13:50.279> appeared
suspicion and when the vaccine appeared
suspicion and when the vaccine appeared
last<00:13:51.440> winter<00:13:52.120> there<00:13:52.240> were<00:13:52.440> a<00:13:52.600> lot<00:13:52.759> of<00:13:52.959> people<00:13:53.320> a
last winter there were a lot of people a
last winter there were a lot of people a
surprising<00:13:54.120> number<00:13:54.720> who<00:13:55.000> refused<00:13:55.600> to<00:13:55.839> get
surprising number who refused to get
surprising number who refused to get
it<00:13:58.800> and<00:13:59.120> is<00:13:59.199> a<00:13:59.399> nice<00:13:59.720> example<00:14:00.199> of<00:14:00.320> how<00:14:00.519> people's
it and is a nice example of how people's
it and is a nice example of how people's
feelings<00:14:01.360> of<00:14:01.560> security<00:14:02.040> change<00:14:02.480> how<00:14:02.600> their
feelings of security change how their
feelings of security change how their
model<00:14:03.199> changes<00:14:04.079> sort<00:14:04.279> of<00:14:04.839> wildly<00:14:05.839> with<00:14:06.120> no<00:14:06.519> new
model changes sort of wildly with no new
model changes sort of wildly with no new
information<00:14:07.560> with<00:14:07.720> no<00:14:07.920> new
information with no new
information with no new
input<00:14:10.399> this<00:14:10.560> kind<00:14:10.680> of<00:14:10.800> thing<00:14:10.959> happens<00:14:11.279> a
input this kind of thing happens a
input this kind of thing happens a
lot<00:14:13.120> going<00:14:13.240> to<00:14:13.360> give<00:14:13.600> one<00:14:13.759> more<00:14:14.040> complication
lot going to give one more complication
lot going to give one more complication
and<00:14:15.160> we<00:14:15.279> have<00:14:15.440> feeling<00:14:16.320> model
and we have feeling model
and we have feeling model
reality<00:14:18.639> I<00:14:18.720> have<00:14:18.839> a<00:14:19.040> very<00:14:19.320> relativistic<00:14:20.079> view
reality I have a very relativistic view
reality I have a very relativistic view
of<00:14:20.480> security<00:14:21.199> I<00:14:21.279> think<00:14:21.399> it<00:14:21.519> depends<00:14:21.800> on<00:14:21.959> the
of security I think it depends on the
of security I think it depends on the
Observer<00:14:23.839> and<00:14:24.240> most<00:14:24.560> security<00:14:25.000> decisions
Observer and most security decisions
Observer and most security decisions
have<00:14:26.639> a<00:14:26.880> variety<00:14:27.720> of<00:14:27.920> people<00:14:28.240> involved
have a variety of people involved
have a variety of people involved
and<00:14:30.160> and<00:14:30.480> stakeholders<00:14:31.480> with
and and stakeholders with
and and stakeholders with
specific<00:14:33.800> tradeoffs<00:14:34.680> will<00:14:34.880> try<00:14:35.040> to<00:14:35.160> influence
specific tradeoffs will try to influence
specific tradeoffs will try to influence
the<00:14:35.759> decision<00:14:36.399> and<00:14:36.519> I<00:14:36.680> call<00:14:36.920> that<00:14:37.199> their
the decision and I call that their
the decision and I call that their
agenda<00:14:39.680> and<00:14:39.800> you<00:14:39.920> see<00:14:40.240> agenda<00:14:40.720> this<00:14:40.839> is
agenda and you see agenda this is
agenda and you see agenda this is
marketing<00:14:41.560> this<00:14:41.639> is
marketing this is
marketing this is
politics<00:14:43.639> uh<00:14:43.720> trying<00:14:43.959> to<00:14:44.120> convince<00:14:44.440> you<00:14:44.560> to
politics uh trying to convince you to
politics uh trying to convince you to
have<00:14:44.920> one<00:14:45.199> model<00:14:45.480> versus<00:14:45.880> another<00:14:46.519> trying<00:14:46.759> to
have one model versus another trying to
have one model versus another trying to
convince<00:14:47.240> you<00:14:47.399> to<00:14:47.680> ignore<00:14:48.079> a<00:14:48.240> model<00:14:48.639> and<00:14:48.839> and
convince you to ignore a model and and
convince you to ignore a model and and
and<00:14:49.279> you<00:14:49.639> trust<00:14:49.920> your<00:14:50.320> feelings
and you trust your feelings
and you trust your feelings
marginalizing<00:14:52.040> people<00:14:52.240> with<00:14:52.399> models<00:14:52.680> you
marginalizing people with models you
marginalizing people with models you
don't
don't
don't
like<00:14:54.800> right<00:14:54.959> this<00:14:55.160> this<00:14:55.240> is<00:14:55.399> not
like right this this is not
like right this this is not
uncommon<00:14:57.880> uh<00:14:58.519> example<00:14:59.120> great<00:14:59.320> example<00:14:59.600> is<00:14:59.720> the
uncommon uh example great example is the
uncommon uh example great example is the
risk<00:15:00.000> of
risk of
risk of
smoking<00:15:02.160> and<00:15:02.320> the<00:15:02.440> history<00:15:02.720> of<00:15:02.800> the<00:15:02.920> past<00:15:03.160> 50
smoking and the history of the past 50
smoking and the history of the past 50
years<00:15:03.880> the<00:15:04.000> smoking<00:15:04.360> risk<00:15:04.959> shows<00:15:05.360> how<00:15:05.480> a<00:15:05.639> model
years the smoking risk shows how a model
years the smoking risk shows how a model
changes<00:15:06.639> and<00:15:06.759> also<00:15:07.000> shows<00:15:07.279> how<00:15:07.399> an<00:15:07.560> industry
changes and also shows how an industry
changes and also shows how an industry
fights<00:15:08.959> against<00:15:09.199> a<00:15:09.399> model<00:15:09.759> it<00:15:09.920> doesn't
fights against a model it doesn't
fights against a model it doesn't
like<00:15:12.000> right<00:15:12.199> compare<00:15:12.680> that<00:15:12.920> to<00:15:13.560> the
like right compare that to the
like right compare that to the
secondhand<00:15:14.199> smoke<00:15:14.519> debate<00:15:15.040> you<00:15:15.160> know
secondhand smoke debate you know
secondhand smoke debate you know
probably<00:15:15.600> about<00:15:15.759> 20<00:15:16.040> years
probably about 20 years
probably about 20 years
behind<00:15:18.240> uh<00:15:18.360> think<00:15:18.519> about<00:15:18.759> seat<00:15:19.040> belts<00:15:19.600> when<00:15:19.720> I
behind uh think about seat belts when I
behind uh think about seat belts when I
was<00:15:19.959> a<00:15:20.120> kid<00:15:20.279> no<00:15:20.440> one<00:15:20.560> wore<00:15:20.720> a<00:15:20.839> seat<00:15:21.040> belt
was a kid no one wore a seat belt
was a kid no one wore a seat belt
nowadays<00:15:22.040> no<00:15:22.320> kid<00:15:22.480> will<00:15:22.680> let<00:15:22.839> you<00:15:23.120> drive<00:15:23.560> if
nowadays no kid will let you drive if
nowadays no kid will let you drive if
you're<00:15:23.800> not<00:15:23.920> wearing<00:15:24.120> a<00:15:24.240> seat
you're not wearing a seat
you're not wearing a seat
belt<00:15:26.639> I<00:15:26.839> compare<00:15:27.199> that<00:15:27.360> to<00:15:27.600> the<00:15:27.759> airbag<00:15:28.240> debate
belt I compare that to the airbag debate
belt I compare that to the airbag debate
probably<00:15:29.279> about<00:15:29.440> 30<00:15:29.759> years
probably about 30 years
probably about 30 years
behind<00:15:31.880> I<00:15:31.920> mean<00:15:32.120> all<00:15:32.360> examples<00:15:32.720> of<00:15:32.880> models
changing<00:15:37.000> what<00:15:37.160> we<00:15:37.360> learn<00:15:37.839> is<00:15:37.959> that<00:15:38.120> changing
changing what we learn is that changing
changing what we learn is that changing
models<00:15:38.880> is<00:15:39.199> hard<00:15:40.199> right<00:15:40.480> models<00:15:40.920> are<00:15:41.199> hard<00:15:41.399> to
models is hard right models are hard to
models is hard right models are hard to
dislodge<00:15:42.399> if<00:15:42.560> they<00:15:42.720> equal<00:15:43.079> your<00:15:43.279> feelings<00:15:44.000> you
dislodge if they equal your feelings you
dislodge if they equal your feelings you
don't<00:15:44.240> even<00:15:44.399> know<00:15:44.560> you<00:15:44.680> have<00:15:44.800> a
don't even know you have a
don't even know you have a
model<00:15:47.079> and<00:15:47.199> there's<00:15:47.440> another<00:15:47.839> cognitive<00:15:48.360> bias
model and there's another cognitive bias
model and there's another cognitive bias
uh<00:15:49.199> called<00:15:49.480> confirmation<00:15:50.199> bias<00:15:51.160> where<00:15:51.319> we
uh called confirmation bias where we
uh called confirmation bias where we
tend<00:15:51.680> to<00:15:52.000> accept<00:15:52.680> data<00:15:53.680> that<00:15:54.120> uh<00:15:54.440> confirms<00:15:54.880> our
tend to accept data that uh confirms our
tend to accept data that uh confirms our
beliefs<00:15:55.480> and<00:15:55.639> reject<00:15:56.000> data<00:15:56.240> that<00:15:56.399> contradicts
beliefs and reject data that contradicts
beliefs and reject data that contradicts
our<00:15:56.959> beliefs
our beliefs
our beliefs
I<00:15:59.560> mean<00:15:59.720> so<00:16:00.319> evidence<00:16:00.880> against<00:16:01.160> our<00:16:01.399> model
I mean so evidence against our model
I mean so evidence against our model
we're<00:16:02.440> likely<00:16:02.720> to<00:16:02.959> ignore<00:16:03.519> even<00:16:03.720> if<00:16:03.839> it's
we're likely to ignore even if it's
we're likely to ignore even if it's
compelling<00:16:04.560> has<00:16:04.680> to<00:16:04.839> get<00:16:05.040> very<00:16:05.279> compelling
compelling has to get very compelling
compelling has to get very compelling
before<00:16:06.000> we'll<00:16:06.199> pay
before we'll pay
before we'll pay
attention<00:16:08.120> uh<00:16:09.040> new<00:16:09.319> models<00:16:09.800> that<00:16:09.959> extend<00:16:10.319> long
attention uh new models that extend long
attention uh new models that extend long
periods<00:16:10.839> of<00:16:11.000> time<00:16:11.160> are<00:16:11.319> hard<00:16:11.600> global<00:16:11.839> warming
periods of time are hard global warming
periods of time are hard global warming
is<00:16:12.199> a<00:16:12.360> great<00:16:12.560> example<00:16:13.199> we're<00:16:13.519> terrible<00:16:14.360> at<00:16:14.519> at
is a great example we're terrible at at
is a great example we're terrible at at
models<00:16:15.120> that<00:16:15.279> span<00:16:15.639> 80<00:16:16.040> years<00:16:16.800> know<00:16:17.000> we<00:16:17.120> can<00:16:17.240> do
models that span 80 years know we can do
models that span 80 years know we can do
to<00:16:17.680> the<00:16:17.800> next<00:16:18.120> Harvest<00:16:18.959> we<00:16:19.079> can<00:16:19.360> often<00:16:19.680> do<00:16:20.040> till
to the next Harvest we can often do till
to the next Harvest we can often do till
our<00:16:20.480> kids<00:16:20.759> grow<00:16:21.040> up<00:16:21.759> but<00:16:21.920> 80<00:16:22.279> years<00:16:22.639> we're<00:16:22.839> just
our kids grow up but 80 years we're just
our kids grow up but 80 years we're just
not<00:16:23.319> good<00:16:23.920> at<00:16:24.920> so<00:16:25.120> it's<00:16:25.240> a<00:16:25.399> very<00:16:25.680> hard<00:16:26.000> model<00:16:26.279> to
not good at so it's a very hard model to
not good at so it's a very hard model to
accept<00:16:27.920> you<00:16:28.040> know<00:16:28.199> we<00:16:28.279> can<00:16:28.519> have<00:16:28.959> both<00:16:29.160> models
accept you know we can have both models
accept you know we can have both models
in<00:16:29.600> our<00:16:29.759> head
in our head
in our head
simultaneously<00:16:31.920> or<00:16:32.160> that<00:16:32.360> kind<00:16:32.560> of<00:16:33.319> uh<00:16:34.319> you
simultaneously or that kind of uh you
simultaneously or that kind of uh you
know<00:16:34.839> that<00:16:34.959> kind<00:16:35.079> of<00:16:35.240> problem<00:16:35.480> where<00:16:35.600> we<00:16:35.759> have
know that kind of problem where we have
know that kind of problem where we have
holding<00:16:36.360> both<00:16:37.120> beliefs<00:16:38.120> together<00:16:38.839> by<00:16:39.040> the
holding both beliefs together by the
holding both beliefs together by the
cognitive<00:16:39.519> dissonance<00:16:40.440> eventually<00:16:41.399> the<00:16:41.519> new
cognitive dissonance eventually the new
cognitive dissonance eventually the new
model<00:16:42.040> will<00:16:42.240> replace<00:16:42.560> the<00:16:42.680> old
model will replace the old
model will replace the old
model<00:16:44.440> strong<00:16:44.639> feels<00:16:45.160> can<00:16:45.319> create<00:16:45.560> a
model strong feels can create a
model strong feels can create a
model<00:16:47.519> right<00:16:47.839> uh<00:16:47.959> September<00:16:48.360> 11th<00:16:49.279> created<00:16:49.680> a
model right uh September 11th created a
model right uh September 11th created a
social<00:16:50.079> security<00:16:50.480> model<00:16:51.079> in<00:16:51.199> a<00:16:51.360> lot<00:16:51.480> of
social security model in a lot of
social security model in a lot of
people's<00:16:51.959> heads<00:16:52.880> also<00:16:53.160> personal<00:16:53.519> experiences
people's heads also personal experiences
people's heads also personal experiences
with<00:16:54.160> crime<00:16:54.480> can<00:16:54.639> do<00:16:55.120> it<00:16:56.120> personal<00:16:56.519> health
with crime can do it personal health
with crime can do it personal health
scare<00:16:57.560> Health<00:16:57.839> scare<00:16:58.040> in<00:16:58.160> the<00:16:58.279> news
scare Health scare in the news
scare Health scare in the news
you'll<00:17:00.279> see<00:17:00.480> these<00:17:00.680> called<00:17:00.920> flashbulb<00:17:01.560> events
you'll see these called flashbulb events
you'll see these called flashbulb events
by<00:17:02.199> by
by by
by by
psychiatrists<00:17:04.199> right<00:17:04.360> they<00:17:04.439> can<00:17:04.679> create<00:17:04.919> a
psychiatrists right they can create a
psychiatrists right they can create a
model<00:17:05.679> instantaneously<00:17:06.679> because<00:17:07.160> they're
model instantaneously because they're
model instantaneously because they're
very
very
very
emotive<00:17:09.919> so<00:17:10.079> in<00:17:10.160> the<00:17:10.319> technological<00:17:11.039> world<00:17:11.600> we
emotive so in the technological world we
emotive so in the technological world we
don't<00:17:12.000> have<00:17:12.520> experience<00:17:13.520> to<00:17:13.760> judge<00:17:14.319> models
don't have experience to judge models
don't have experience to judge models
and<00:17:15.520> and<00:17:15.640> we<00:17:15.799> rely<00:17:16.120> on<00:17:16.319> others<00:17:16.640> we<00:17:16.760> rely<00:17:17.039> on
and and we rely on others we rely on
and and we rely on others we rely on
proxies<00:17:18.079> I<00:17:18.120> mean<00:17:18.280> this<00:17:18.439> works<00:17:18.760> as<00:17:18.880> long<00:17:19.000> as
proxies I mean this works as long as
proxies I mean this works as long as
it's<00:17:19.280> to<00:17:19.400> correct
it's to correct
it's to correct
others<00:17:21.319> right<00:17:21.439> we<00:17:21.640> rely<00:17:22.199> on<00:17:23.199> government
others right we rely on government
others right we rely on government
agencies<00:17:23.959> to<00:17:24.120> tell<00:17:24.319> us<00:17:24.679> what
agencies to tell us what
agencies to tell us what
Pharmaceuticals<00:17:26.959> are<00:17:27.199> are<00:17:27.640> safe<00:17:28.640> uh<00:17:29.000> I<00:17:29.120> flew
Pharmaceuticals are are safe uh I flew
Pharmaceuticals are are safe uh I flew
here<00:17:29.799> yesterday<00:17:30.320> I<00:17:30.440> didn't<00:17:30.720> check<00:17:31.000> the<00:17:31.160> air
here yesterday I didn't check the air
here yesterday I didn't check the air
airplane<00:17:32.679> you<00:17:32.799> know<00:17:33.000> I<00:17:33.200> relied<00:17:33.799> on<00:17:34.080> some<00:17:34.360> other
airplane you know I relied on some other
airplane you know I relied on some other
group<00:17:35.200> to<00:17:35.360> determine<00:17:36.039> whether<00:17:36.280> my<00:17:36.440> plane<00:17:36.679> was
group to determine whether my plane was
group to determine whether my plane was
safe<00:17:37.080> to<00:17:37.200> fly<00:17:37.799> we're<00:17:38.160> here<00:17:38.360> and<00:17:38.520> none<00:17:38.640> of<00:17:38.760> us
safe to fly we're here and none of us
safe to fly we're here and none of us
Fear<00:17:39.280> The<00:17:39.400> Roof<00:17:39.600> is<00:17:39.720> going<00:17:39.799> to<00:17:39.919> collapse<00:17:40.320> on<00:17:40.480> us
Fear The Roof is going to collapse on us
Fear The Roof is going to collapse on us
not<00:17:41.480> because<00:17:41.799> we<00:17:42.360> checked<00:17:43.360> but<00:17:43.600> because<00:17:43.960> we're
not because we checked but because we're
not because we checked but because we're
pretty<00:17:44.919> sure<00:17:45.160> the<00:17:45.320> building<00:17:45.640> coats<00:17:46.000> here<00:17:46.120> are
pretty sure the building coats here are
pretty sure the building coats here are
good<00:17:48.559> I<00:17:48.640> mean<00:17:48.880> we<00:17:49.120> we<00:17:49.240> it's<00:17:49.360> a<00:17:49.520> model<00:17:50.039> we<00:17:50.240> just
good I mean we we it's a model we just
good I mean we we it's a model we just
accept<00:17:51.440> pretty<00:17:51.679> much<00:17:51.919> by<00:17:52.400> faith<00:17:53.400> and<00:17:53.559> that's
okay<00:17:58.120> now<00:17:59.039> what<00:17:59.200> we<00:17:59.400> want<00:18:00.080> is<00:18:00.440> people<00:18:00.760> to<00:18:00.960> get
okay now what we want is people to get
okay now what we want is people to get
familiar<00:18:01.720> enough<00:18:02.280> with<00:18:02.480> better<00:18:02.919> models<00:18:03.919> right
familiar enough with better models right
familiar enough with better models right
have<00:18:04.200> it<00:18:04.360> reflected<00:18:04.720> in<00:18:04.840> their<00:18:05.000> feelings<00:18:06.000> to
have it reflected in their feelings to
have it reflected in their feelings to
allow<00:18:06.520> them<00:18:06.640> to<00:18:06.880> make<00:18:07.440> security
allow them to make security
allow them to make security
tradeoffs<00:18:10.200> now<00:18:10.480> when<00:18:10.679> you<00:18:11.000> these<00:18:11.159> go<00:18:11.280> out<00:18:11.400> of
tradeoffs now when you these go out of
tradeoffs now when you these go out of
whack<00:18:11.840> you<00:18:11.960> sort<00:18:12.080> of<00:18:12.200> have<00:18:12.400> you<00:18:12.480> have<00:18:12.720> two
whack you sort of have you have two
whack you sort of have you have two
options<00:18:13.960> one<00:18:14.200> you<00:18:14.320> can<00:18:14.480> fix<00:18:14.799> people's
options one you can fix people's
options one you can fix people's
feelings<00:18:15.880> right<00:18:16.080> directly<00:18:16.480> appeal<00:18:16.799> to
feelings right directly appeal to
feelings right directly appeal to
feelings<00:18:18.120> it's<00:18:18.480> manipulation<00:18:19.480> but<00:18:19.600> it<00:18:19.720> can
feelings it's manipulation but it can
feelings it's manipulation but it can
work<00:18:21.200> the<00:18:21.400> second<00:18:21.919> more<00:18:22.200> honest<00:18:22.640> way<00:18:23.440> is<00:18:23.600> to
work the second more honest way is to
work the second more honest way is to
actually<00:18:24.400> fix<00:18:24.720> the
actually fix the
actually fix the
model<00:18:26.880> right<00:18:27.120> change<00:18:27.600> happens<00:18:28.039> slowly<00:18:28.880> the
model right change happens slowly the
model right change happens slowly the
smoking<00:18:29.600> debate<00:18:30.159> took<00:18:30.440> 40<00:18:30.919> years<00:18:31.600> and<00:18:31.760> that
smoking debate took 40 years and that
smoking debate took 40 years and that
was<00:18:32.080> an<00:18:32.360> easy
was an easy
was an easy
one<00:18:35.200> right<00:18:35.400> some<00:18:35.520> of<00:18:35.679> this<00:18:35.840> stuff<00:18:36.080> is<00:18:36.400> hard<00:18:37.400> I
one right some of this stuff is hard I
one right some of this stuff is hard I
mean<00:18:37.799> really<00:18:38.159> though<00:18:38.520> information<00:18:39.440> seems
mean really though information seems
mean really though information seems
like<00:18:39.960> our<00:18:40.159> best<00:18:40.440> hope<00:18:41.400> and<00:18:41.720> and<00:18:41.840> I<00:18:42.000> lied
like our best hope and and I lied
like our best hope and and I lied
remember<00:18:42.640> I<00:18:42.720> said<00:18:42.919> feeling<00:18:43.480> re<00:18:43.960> feeling<00:18:44.480> model
remember I said feeling re feeling model
remember I said feeling re feeling model
reality<00:18:45.240> said<00:18:45.440> reality<00:18:45.760> doesn't<00:18:46.039> change<00:18:46.640> it
reality said reality doesn't change it
reality said reality doesn't change it
actually<00:18:47.320> does<00:18:47.960> we<00:18:48.120> live<00:18:48.280> in<00:18:48.400> a<00:18:48.520> technological
actually does we live in a technological
actually does we live in a technological
World<00:18:49.840> reality<00:18:50.360> changes<00:18:51.000> all<00:18:51.240> the<00:18:51.919> time<00:18:52.919> so<00:18:53.080> we
World reality changes all the time so we
World reality changes all the time so we
might<00:18:53.520> have<00:18:53.679> for<00:18:53.799> the<00:18:53.919> first<00:18:54.080> time<00:18:54.200> in<00:18:54.320> our
might have for the first time in our
might have for the first time in our
species<00:18:55.799> feeling<00:18:56.200> chases<00:18:56.640> model<00:18:57.000> model
species feeling chases model model
species feeling chases model model
chases<00:18:57.640> reality<00:18:58.039> reality<00:18:58.360> is<00:18:58.440> moving<00:18:59.080> they
chases reality reality is moving they
chases reality reality is moving they
might<00:18:59.480> never<00:18:59.880> catch
might never catch
might never catch
up<00:19:02.320> right<00:19:02.559> we<00:19:02.720> don't
up right we don't
up right we don't
know<00:19:05.679> right<00:19:05.880> but<00:19:06.039> in<00:19:06.159> the<00:19:06.360> long<00:19:06.640> term<00:19:07.240> both
know right but in the long term both
know right but in the long term both
feeling<00:19:08.039> and<00:19:08.280> reality<00:19:08.679> are<00:19:08.840> important<00:19:09.480> and<00:19:09.559> I
feeling and reality are important and I
feeling and reality are important and I
want<00:19:09.760> to<00:19:09.919> close<00:19:10.280> with<00:19:10.440> two<00:19:10.679> quick<00:19:10.919> stories<00:19:11.480> to
want to close with two quick stories to
want to close with two quick stories to
illustrate<00:19:12.159> this<00:19:12.880> uh<00:19:13.039> 1982<00:19:13.919> I<00:19:14.039> know<00:19:14.200> people
illustrate this uh 1982 I know people
illustrate this uh 1982 I know people
remember<00:19:14.840> this<00:19:15.039> there<00:19:15.159> was<00:19:15.400> a<00:19:15.720> uh<00:19:16.080> a<00:19:16.200> short
remember this there was a uh a short
remember this there was a uh a short
epidemic<00:19:17.440> of<00:19:17.640> Tylenol<00:19:18.159> poisonings<00:19:18.600> in<00:19:18.679> the
epidemic of Tylenol poisonings in the
epidemic of Tylenol poisonings in the
United<00:19:19.080> States<00:19:19.559> it's<00:19:19.679> a<00:19:19.840> horrific<00:19:20.280> story
United States it's a horrific story
United States it's a horrific story
someone<00:19:21.240> took<00:19:21.400> a<00:19:21.559> bottle<00:19:21.799> of<00:19:22.320> Tylenol<00:19:23.320> put
someone took a bottle of Tylenol put
someone took a bottle of Tylenol put
poison<00:19:24.080> in<00:19:24.200> it<00:19:24.600> closed<00:19:24.919> it<00:19:25.000> up<00:19:25.159> put<00:19:25.280> it<00:19:25.440> back<00:19:25.559> on
poison in it closed it up put it back on
poison in it closed it up put it back on
the<00:19:25.840> Shelf<00:19:26.360> someone<00:19:26.640> else<00:19:26.880> bought<00:19:27.080> it<00:19:27.200> and
the Shelf someone else bought it and
the Shelf someone else bought it and
died<00:19:27.880> this<00:19:28.120> terrified<00:19:28.919> people<00:19:29.520> there<00:19:29.640> were<00:19:29.799> a
died this terrified people there were a
died this terrified people there were a
couple<00:19:30.120> of<00:19:30.320> CopyCat<00:19:30.960> attacks<00:19:31.840> there<00:19:31.960> wasn't
couple of CopyCat attacks there wasn't
couple of CopyCat attacks there wasn't
any<00:19:32.440> real<00:19:32.760> risk<00:19:33.320> but<00:19:33.480> people<00:19:33.679> were<00:19:33.919> scared<00:19:34.760> and
any real risk but people were scared and
any real risk but people were scared and
this<00:19:35.080> is<00:19:35.320> how<00:19:36.120> the<00:19:36.280> tamperproof<00:19:36.799> drug
this is how the tamperproof drug
this is how the tamperproof drug
industry<00:19:37.640> was<00:19:37.840> invented<00:19:38.559> those<00:19:38.760> T<00:19:39.039> proof<00:19:39.280> caps
industry was invented those T proof caps
industry was invented those T proof caps
that<00:19:39.760> came<00:19:39.960> from<00:19:40.159> this<00:19:40.799> it's<00:19:41.039> complete
that came from this it's complete
that came from this it's complete
Security<00:19:41.840> theater<00:19:42.520> you<00:19:42.640> know<00:19:42.799> as<00:19:42.880> a<00:19:43.000> homework
Security theater you know as a homework
Security theater you know as a homework
assignment<00:19:43.679> think<00:19:43.799> of<00:19:43.919> 10<00:19:44.120> ways<00:19:44.280> to<00:19:44.400> get
assignment think of 10 ways to get
assignment think of 10 ways to get
around<00:19:44.840> it<00:19:45.159> give<00:19:45.280> you<00:19:45.400> one<00:19:45.640> a
around it give you one a
around it give you one a
syringe<00:19:47.480> right<00:19:47.840> but<00:19:48.000> it<00:19:48.240> made<00:19:48.679> people<00:19:49.159> feel
syringe right but it made people feel
syringe right but it made people feel
better<00:19:50.760> it<00:19:50.919> made<00:19:51.159> their<00:19:51.400> feeling<00:19:51.760> of<00:19:52.000> security
better it made their feeling of security
better it made their feeling of security
more<00:19:53.080> match<00:19:53.440> the
more match the
more match the
reality<00:19:55.520> Last<00:19:55.799> Story<00:19:56.159> a<00:19:56.240> few<00:19:56.559> years<00:19:56.760> ago<00:19:56.960> a
reality Last Story a few years ago a
reality Last Story a few years ago a
friend<00:19:57.200> of<00:19:57.320> mine<00:19:57.520> gave<00:19:57.720> birth<00:19:58.240> visitor<00:19:58.840> in<00:19:58.919> the
friend of mine gave birth visitor in the
friend of mine gave birth visitor in the
hospital<00:19:59.520> turns<00:19:59.840> out<00:20:00.760> uh<00:20:00.840> when<00:20:00.960> a<00:20:01.080> baby's<00:20:01.400> born
hospital turns out uh when a baby's born
hospital turns out uh when a baby's born
now<00:20:01.880> they<00:20:02.000> put<00:20:02.120> an<00:20:02.240> RFID<00:20:02.840> bracelet<00:20:03.200> on<00:20:03.280> the
now they put an RFID bracelet on the
now they put an RFID bracelet on the
baby<00:20:03.640> put<00:20:03.760> a<00:20:03.840> corresponding<00:20:04.320> one<00:20:04.440> on<00:20:04.559> the
baby put a corresponding one on the
baby put a corresponding one on the
mother<00:20:05.280> so<00:20:05.480> if<00:20:05.640> anyone<00:20:05.960> other<00:20:06.159> than<00:20:06.240> the
mother so if anyone other than the
mother so if anyone other than the
mother<00:20:06.679> takes<00:20:06.840> the<00:20:06.960> baby<00:20:07.120> out<00:20:07.240> of<00:20:07.320> the
mother takes the baby out of the
mother takes the baby out of the
Maternity<00:20:07.760> Ward<00:20:08.039> alarm<00:20:08.320> goes<00:20:08.559> off<00:20:09.200> I<00:20:09.280> said
Maternity Ward alarm goes off I said
Maternity Ward alarm goes off I said
well<00:20:09.720> that's<00:20:09.919> kind<00:20:10.000> of
well that's kind of
well that's kind of
neat<00:20:11.919> I<00:20:12.080> wonder<00:20:12.640> how<00:20:13.320> rampant<00:20:14.039> baby<00:20:14.320> snatching
neat I wonder how rampant baby snatching
neat I wonder how rampant baby snatching
is<00:20:14.960> out<00:20:15.080> of<00:20:15.200> hospitals<00:20:15.919> I<00:20:16.039> go<00:20:16.200> home<00:20:16.360> I<00:20:16.480> look<00:20:16.600> it
is out of hospitals I go home I look it
is out of hospitals I go home I look it
up<00:20:16.880> it<00:20:17.000> basically<00:20:17.480> never
up it basically never
up it basically never
happens<00:20:20.520> but<00:20:20.679> if<00:20:20.760> you<00:20:20.960> think<00:20:21.159> about<00:20:21.400> it<00:20:21.760> if<00:20:21.880> you
happens but if you think about it if you
happens but if you think about it if you
are<00:20:22.360> a<00:20:22.679> hospital<00:20:23.360> and<00:20:23.480> you<00:20:23.559> need<00:20:23.720> to<00:20:23.840> take<00:20:24.000> a
are a hospital and you need to take a
are a hospital and you need to take a
baby<00:20:24.520> away<00:20:24.760> from<00:20:24.960> its<00:20:25.159> mother<00:20:25.520> out<00:20:25.640> of<00:20:25.760> the
baby away from its mother out of the
baby away from its mother out of the
room<00:20:26.080> to<00:20:26.240> run<00:20:26.400> some<00:20:26.640> tests<00:20:27.640> you<00:20:27.799> better<00:20:28.039> have
room to run some tests you better have
room to run some tests you better have
some<00:20:28.320> good<00:20:28.640> security<00:20:29.000> theater<00:20:29.640> or<00:20:29.799> she's
some good security theater or she's
some good security theater or she's
going<00:20:30.080> to<00:20:30.240> rip<00:20:30.440> your<00:20:30.600> arm
off<00:20:34.200> so<00:20:34.360> it's<00:20:34.600> important<00:20:35.080> for<00:20:35.360> us<00:20:35.960> those<00:20:36.120> of<00:20:36.280> us
off so it's important for us those of us
off so it's important for us those of us
who<00:20:36.640> design<00:20:37.159> security<00:20:37.960> who<00:20:38.159> look<00:20:38.320> at<00:20:38.520> security
who design security who look at security
who design security who look at security
policy<00:20:40.919> or<00:20:41.120> even<00:20:41.320> look<00:20:41.480> at<00:20:41.720> public<00:20:42.080> policy<00:20:42.480> in
policy or even look at public policy in
policy or even look at public policy in
a<00:20:42.679> ways<00:20:42.880> that<00:20:43.080> affect
a ways that affect
a ways that affect
security<00:20:45.080> right<00:20:45.240> it's<00:20:45.480> not<00:20:45.840> just<00:20:46.280> reality
security right it's not just reality
security right it's not just reality
it's<00:20:47.159> feeling<00:20:47.520> in<00:20:47.760> reality<00:20:48.440> what's
it's feeling in reality what's
it's feeling in reality what's
important<00:20:50.320> is<00:20:50.480> that<00:20:50.640> they<00:20:50.799> be<00:20:51.000> about<00:20:51.320> the<00:20:51.440> same
important is that they be about the same
important is that they be about the same
it's<00:20:51.840> important<00:20:52.120> that<00:20:52.240> our<00:20:52.600> if<00:20:52.720> our<00:20:52.880> feelings
it's important that our if our feelings
it's important that our if our feelings
match<00:20:53.799> reality<00:20:54.480> we<00:20:54.640> make<00:20:54.840> better<00:20:55.120> security
match reality we make better security
match reality we make better security
tradeoffs<00:20:56.760> thank<00:20:56.960> you
Bruce Schneier, TED, TEDx, TEDxPSU, TED-Ed, TED, Ed, TEDEducation, security, computer, security
