4 lessons from robots about being human - Ken Goldberg
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I<00:00:16.080> know<00:00:16.240> this<00:00:16.359> is<00:00:16.480> going<00:00:16.600> to<00:00:16.760> sound<00:00:17.640> strange
I know this is going to sound strange
I know this is going to sound strange
but<00:00:18.840> I<00:00:18.960> think<00:00:19.400> robots<00:00:20.400> can<00:00:20.600> Inspire<00:00:21.119> us<00:00:22.039> to<00:00:22.240> be
but I think robots can Inspire us to be
but I think robots can Inspire us to be
better
better
better
humans<00:00:24.560> see<00:00:24.800> I<00:00:24.880> grew<00:00:25.119> up<00:00:25.279> in<00:00:25.480> Bethlehem
humans see I grew up in Bethlehem
humans see I grew up in Bethlehem
Pennsylvania<00:00:27.679> the<00:00:27.840> home<00:00:28.039> of<00:00:28.240> Bethlehem<00:00:28.720> Steel
Pennsylvania the home of Bethlehem Steel
Pennsylvania the home of Bethlehem Steel
my<00:00:30.480> father<00:00:30.720> was<00:00:30.880> an<00:00:31.559> engineer<00:00:32.559> and<00:00:33.120> when<00:00:33.280> I<00:00:33.360> was
my father was an engineer and when I was
my father was an engineer and when I was
growing<00:00:33.800> up<00:00:34.000> he<00:00:34.120> would<00:00:34.280> teach<00:00:34.520> me<00:00:35.280> how<00:00:35.480> things
growing up he would teach me how things
growing up he would teach me how things
worked<00:00:36.719> we<00:00:36.840> would<00:00:37.040> build<00:00:37.360> projects<00:00:38.079> together
worked we would build projects together
worked we would build projects together
like<00:00:39.079> model<00:00:39.480> rockets<00:00:40.120> and<00:00:40.239> Slot<00:00:41.000> Cars<00:00:42.000> here's
like model rockets and Slot Cars here's
like model rockets and Slot Cars here's
the<00:00:42.920> go-kart<00:00:43.760> that<00:00:43.879> we<00:00:44.000> built<00:00:44.440> together
the go-kart that we built together
the go-kart that we built together
that's<00:00:45.600> me<00:00:45.800> behind<00:00:46.079> the<00:00:46.199> wheel<00:00:47.199> with<00:00:47.399> my
that's me behind the wheel with my
that's me behind the wheel with my
sister<00:00:47.879> and<00:00:48.039> my<00:00:48.199> best<00:00:48.360> friend<00:00:48.640> at<00:00:48.800> the
sister and my best friend at the
sister and my best friend at the
time<00:00:51.199> and<00:00:51.360> one
time and one
time and one
day<00:00:53.199> he<00:00:53.440> came<00:00:53.680> home<00:00:54.520> when<00:00:54.640> I<00:00:54.760> was<00:00:54.879> about<00:00:55.079> 10
day he came home when I was about 10
day he came home when I was about 10
years<00:00:55.520> old<00:00:56.320> and<00:00:56.600> at<00:00:56.719> the<00:00:56.879> dinner<00:00:57.199> table<00:00:57.960> he
years old and at the dinner table he
years old and at the dinner table he
announced<00:00:58.879> that<00:00:59.000> for<00:00:59.160> our<00:00:59.359> next<00:00:59.640> project
announced that for our next project
announced that for our next project
we<00:01:00.960> were<00:01:01.120> going<00:01:01.199> to<00:01:01.640> build<00:01:02.640> a
we were going to build a
we were going to build a
robot<00:01:04.960> a<00:01:05.479> robot<00:01:06.479> now<00:01:06.680> I<00:01:06.799> was<00:01:07.080> thrilled<00:01:07.520> about
robot a robot now I was thrilled about
robot a robot now I was thrilled about
this<00:01:08.520> because<00:01:08.799> at<00:01:09.040> school<00:01:09.759> there<00:01:09.880> was<00:01:10.000> a<00:01:10.200> bully
this because at school there was a bully
this because at school there was a bully
named<00:01:11.320> Kevin<00:01:12.320> and<00:01:12.439> he<00:01:12.560> was<00:01:12.799> picking<00:01:13.119> on<00:01:13.360> me<00:01:14.360> cuz
named Kevin and he was picking on me cuz
named Kevin and he was picking on me cuz
I<00:01:14.759> was<00:01:14.880> the<00:01:15.000> only<00:01:15.200> Jewish<00:01:15.560> kid<00:01:15.720> in<00:01:16.200> class<00:01:17.200> so<00:01:17.360> I
I was the only Jewish kid in class so I
I was the only Jewish kid in class so I
couldn't<00:01:17.720> wait<00:01:17.880> to<00:01:18.000> get<00:01:18.119> started<00:01:18.439> to<00:01:18.600> work<00:01:18.799> on
couldn't wait to get started to work on
couldn't wait to get started to work on
this<00:01:19.360> so<00:01:19.520> that<00:01:19.640> I<00:01:19.720> could<00:01:19.880> introduce<00:01:20.400> Kevin<00:01:21.159> to
this so that I could introduce Kevin to
this so that I could introduce Kevin to
my<00:01:21.560> robot
but<00:01:35.360> that<00:01:35.600> wasn't<00:01:35.960> the<00:01:36.119> kind<00:01:36.240> of<00:01:36.399> robot<00:01:36.759> my<00:01:36.960> dad
but that wasn't the kind of robot my dad
but that wasn't the kind of robot my dad
had<00:01:37.360> in
had in
had in
mind<00:01:39.320> see<00:01:40.000> he<00:01:40.240> owned<00:01:40.720> a<00:01:40.880> chromium<00:01:41.479> plating
mind see he owned a chromium plating
mind see he owned a chromium plating
company<00:01:43.119> and<00:01:43.560> they<00:01:43.720> had<00:01:43.840> to<00:01:44.159> move<00:01:45.159> heavy<00:01:45.479> steel
company and they had to move heavy steel
company and they had to move heavy steel
parts<00:01:46.479> between<00:01:47.119> tanks<00:01:47.439> of<00:01:47.920> chemicals<00:01:48.920> and<00:01:49.000> so
parts between tanks of chemicals and so
parts between tanks of chemicals and so
he<00:01:49.360> needed<00:01:49.719> an<00:01:49.880> industrial<00:01:50.520> robot<00:01:50.920> like<00:01:51.200> this
he needed an industrial robot like this
he needed an industrial robot like this
that<00:01:52.320> could<00:01:52.479> basically<00:01:52.840> do<00:01:53.040> the<00:01:53.159> heavy
that could basically do the heavy
that could basically do the heavy
lifting<00:01:55.240> but<00:01:55.799> my<00:01:56.000> dad<00:01:56.240> didn't<00:01:56.479> get<00:01:56.640> the<00:01:56.759> kind
lifting but my dad didn't get the kind
lifting but my dad didn't get the kind
of<00:01:57.079> robot<00:01:57.439> he<00:01:57.600> wanted<00:01:58.119> either<00:01:59.119> he<00:01:59.240> and<00:01:59.360> I
of robot he wanted either he and I
of robot he wanted either he and I
worked<00:02:00.000> it<00:02:00.119> for<00:02:00.280> several<00:02:00.719> years<00:02:01.600> but<00:02:01.719> it<00:02:01.759> was
worked it for several years but it was
worked it for several years but it was
the
the
the
1970s<00:02:03.560> and<00:02:03.680> the<00:02:03.840> technology<00:02:04.399> that<00:02:04.520> was
1970s and the technology that was
1970s and the technology that was
available<00:02:05.079> to<00:02:05.479> amateurs<00:02:06.479> just<00:02:06.680> wasn't<00:02:07.039> there
available to amateurs just wasn't there
available to amateurs just wasn't there
yet<00:02:09.360> so<00:02:09.560> Dad<00:02:09.840> continued<00:02:10.239> to<00:02:10.360> do<00:02:10.520> this<00:02:10.679> kind<00:02:10.800> of
yet so Dad continued to do this kind of
yet so Dad continued to do this kind of
work<00:02:11.200> by<00:02:11.879> hand<00:02:12.879> and<00:02:13.040> a<00:02:13.120> few<00:02:13.319> years<00:02:14.000> later<00:02:15.000> he
work by hand and a few years later he
work by hand and a few years later he
was<00:02:15.280> diagnosed<00:02:15.760> with
cancer<00:02:19.160> you<00:02:19.280> see<00:02:20.239> the<00:02:20.800> what<00:02:20.959> the<00:02:21.120> robot<00:02:21.480> we
cancer you see the what the robot we
cancer you see the what the robot we
were<00:02:21.760> trying<00:02:22.000> to<00:02:22.120> build<00:02:22.480> was<00:02:22.680> telling<00:02:22.959> him<00:02:23.160> was
were trying to build was telling him was
were trying to build was telling him was
not<00:02:23.440> about<00:02:23.640> doing<00:02:23.920> the<00:02:24.040> heavy<00:02:24.480> lifting<00:02:25.480> it<00:02:25.599> was
not about doing the heavy lifting it was
not about doing the heavy lifting it was
a<00:02:25.879> warning<00:02:26.720> about<00:02:26.920> its<00:02:27.160> exposure<00:02:27.560> to<00:02:27.720> the
a warning about its exposure to the
a warning about its exposure to the
toxic<00:02:28.280> chemicals
toxic chemicals
toxic chemicals
he<00:02:30.680> didn't<00:02:30.920> recognize<00:02:31.400> that<00:02:31.519> at<00:02:31.640> the<00:02:31.840> time<00:02:32.800> and
he didn't recognize that at the time and
he didn't recognize that at the time and
he<00:02:33.040> contracted
he contracted
he contracted
leukemia<00:02:35.160> and<00:02:35.239> he<00:02:35.440> died<00:02:35.680> at<00:02:35.800> the<00:02:35.920> age<00:02:36.080> of
leukemia and he died at the age of
leukemia and he died at the age of
45<00:02:38.720> I<00:02:38.800> was<00:02:39.040> devastated<00:02:39.599> by<00:02:40.000> this<00:02:41.000> and<00:02:41.120> I<00:02:41.239> never
45 I was devastated by this and I never
45 I was devastated by this and I never
forgot<00:02:41.840> the<00:02:42.000> robot<00:02:42.440> that<00:02:42.560> he<00:02:42.640> and<00:02:42.760> I<00:02:42.879> tried<00:02:43.120> to
forgot the robot that he and I tried to
forgot the robot that he and I tried to
build<00:02:45.599> when<00:02:45.720> I<00:02:46.000> was<00:02:46.120> at<00:02:46.360> College<00:02:46.959> I<00:02:47.080> decided<00:02:47.440> to
build when I was at College I decided to
build when I was at College I decided to
study<00:02:47.879> engineering<00:02:48.480> like
study engineering like
study engineering like
him<00:02:50.360> and<00:02:50.480> I<00:02:50.560> went<00:02:50.680> to<00:02:50.800> Carnegie<00:02:51.239> melan<00:02:52.200> and<00:02:52.280> I
him and I went to Carnegie melan and I
him and I went to Carnegie melan and I
earned<00:02:52.640> my<00:02:52.879> PhD<00:02:53.879> in<00:02:54.080> robotics<00:02:54.879> and<00:02:55.000> I've<00:02:55.120> been
earned my PhD in robotics and I've been
earned my PhD in robotics and I've been
studying<00:02:55.640> robots<00:02:56.080> ever
studying robots ever
studying robots ever
since<00:02:58.000> so<00:02:58.120> what<00:02:58.239> I'd<00:02:58.400> like<00:02:58.519> to<00:02:58.680> tell<00:02:58.840> you<00:02:59.040> about
since so what I'd like to tell you about
since so what I'd like to tell you about
our<00:02:59.840> are<00:03:00.000> four<00:03:00.400> robot
our are four robot
our are four robot
projects<00:03:02.680> and<00:03:02.879> what<00:03:03.080> they<00:03:03.280> how<00:03:03.440> they've
projects and what they how they've
projects and what they how they've
inspired<00:03:04.120> me<00:03:04.440> to<00:03:04.560> be<00:03:04.680> a<00:03:04.840> better
Human<00:03:09.519> by
Human by
Human by
1993<00:03:11.760> I<00:03:11.840> was<00:03:12.000> a<00:03:12.120> young<00:03:12.400> Professor<00:03:12.840> at<00:03:13.000> car<00:03:13.599> at
1993 I was a young Professor at car at
1993 I was a young Professor at car at
USC<00:03:15.319> and<00:03:15.519> I<00:03:15.640> was<00:03:15.799> just<00:03:15.920> building<00:03:16.200> up<00:03:16.360> my<00:03:16.440> own
USC and I was just building up my own
USC and I was just building up my own
robotics<00:03:17.159> lab<00:03:18.120> and<00:03:18.239> this<00:03:18.400> was<00:03:18.560> the<00:03:18.720> year<00:03:19.000> that
robotics lab and this was the year that
robotics lab and this was the year that
the<00:03:19.280> worldwide<00:03:20.000> web<00:03:20.599> came<00:03:20.799> out<00:03:21.760> and<00:03:21.840> I
the worldwide web came out and I
the worldwide web came out and I
remember<00:03:22.280> my<00:03:22.440> students<00:03:22.799> were<00:03:22.959> the<00:03:23.040> ones<00:03:23.200> who
remember my students were the ones who
remember my students were the ones who
told<00:03:23.519> me<00:03:23.640> about<00:03:23.920> it<00:03:24.680> and<00:03:24.840> we<00:03:25.120> would<00:03:26.120> we<00:03:26.239> were
told me about it and we would we were
told me about it and we would we were
just<00:03:26.680> amazed<00:03:27.080> and<00:03:27.200> we<00:03:27.280> started<00:03:27.599> playing<00:03:27.959> with
just amazed and we started playing with
just amazed and we started playing with
this<00:03:28.280> and<00:03:28.480> the<00:03:28.879> that<00:03:29.080> afternoon
this and the that afternoon
this and the that afternoon
we<00:03:30.959> realized<00:03:31.439> that<00:03:31.560> we<00:03:31.680> could<00:03:31.920> use<00:03:32.360> this<00:03:32.560> new
we realized that we could use this new
we realized that we could use this new
Universal<00:03:33.760> interface<00:03:34.760> to<00:03:34.959> allow<00:03:35.280> anyone<00:03:35.640> in
Universal interface to allow anyone in
Universal interface to allow anyone in
the<00:03:36.200> world<00:03:37.200> to<00:03:37.400> operate<00:03:37.799> the<00:03:37.959> robot<00:03:38.319> in<00:03:38.439> our
the world to operate the robot in our
the world to operate the robot in our
lab<00:03:40.720> so<00:03:41.360> rather<00:03:41.599> than<00:03:41.799> have<00:03:41.920> it<00:03:42.159> fight<00:03:42.959> or<00:03:43.280> do
lab so rather than have it fight or do
lab so rather than have it fight or do
industrial
industrial
industrial
work<00:03:45.760> we<00:03:46.000> decided<00:03:46.560> to<00:03:46.720> build<00:03:46.920> a<00:03:47.200> planter<00:03:48.200> put
work we decided to build a planter put
work we decided to build a planter put
the<00:03:48.519> robot<00:03:48.840> into<00:03:49.080> the<00:03:49.200> center<00:03:49.519> of<00:03:49.640> it<00:03:50.120> and<00:03:50.239> we
the robot into the center of it and we
the robot into the center of it and we
called<00:03:50.599> it<00:03:50.760> the
called it the
called it the
tarden<00:03:53.000> and<00:03:53.120> we<00:03:53.319> put<00:03:53.480> a<00:03:53.879> camera<00:03:54.360> in<00:03:54.519> the
tarden and we put a camera in the
tarden and we put a camera in the
gripper<00:03:55.400> of<00:03:55.519> the<00:03:55.760> hand<00:03:56.200> of<00:03:56.360> the<00:03:56.560> of<00:03:56.640> the<00:03:56.879> robot
gripper of the hand of the of the robot
gripper of the hand of the of the robot
and<00:03:58.079> we<00:03:58.200> wrote<00:03:58.480> some<00:03:58.720> special<00:03:59.040> scripts<00:03:59.400> and
and we wrote some special scripts and
and we wrote some special scripts and
saw<00:03:59.799> software<00:04:00.519> so<00:04:00.680> that<00:04:00.840> anyone<00:04:01.120> in<00:04:01.239> the<00:04:01.360> world
saw software so that anyone in the world
saw software so that anyone in the world
could<00:04:01.879> come<00:04:02.079> in<00:04:02.599> and<00:04:02.760> by<00:04:02.920> clicking<00:04:03.239> on<00:04:03.360> the
could come in and by clicking on the
could come in and by clicking on the
screen<00:04:04.439> they<00:04:04.560> could<00:04:04.720> move<00:04:05.000> the<00:04:05.159> robot<00:04:05.599> around
screen they could move the robot around
screen they could move the robot around
and<00:04:06.879> visit<00:04:07.200> the<00:04:07.840> garden<00:04:08.840> but<00:04:09.000> we<00:04:09.159> also<00:04:10.079> allowed
and visit the garden but we also allowed
and visit the garden but we also allowed
had<00:04:11.079> set<00:04:11.280> up<00:04:11.400> some<00:04:11.599> other<00:04:11.879> software<00:04:12.599> that<00:04:12.760> let
had set up some other software that let
had set up some other software that let
you<00:04:13.360> participate<00:04:14.360> and<00:04:14.519> help<00:04:14.720> us<00:04:14.920> water<00:04:15.239> the
you participate and help us water the
you participate and help us water the
garden<00:04:15.920> remotely<00:04:16.919> and<00:04:17.040> if<00:04:17.160> you<00:04:17.280> watered<00:04:17.639> a<00:04:17.759> few
garden remotely and if you watered a few
garden remotely and if you watered a few
times<00:04:19.239> we'd<00:04:19.479> give<00:04:19.600> you<00:04:19.759> your<00:04:19.919> own<00:04:20.239> seed<00:04:20.639> to
times we'd give you your own seed to
times we'd give you your own seed to
plant<00:04:22.440> now<00:04:22.639> this<00:04:22.759> was<00:04:22.880> a<00:04:23.160> project<00:04:23.800> an
plant now this was a project an
plant now this was a project an
engineering<00:04:25.000> project<00:04:26.000> and<00:04:26.120> we<00:04:26.320> published
engineering project and we published
engineering project and we published
some<00:04:26.800> papers<00:04:27.080> on<00:04:27.320> the<00:04:27.800> on<00:04:27.919> the<00:04:28.120> design<00:04:28.520> the
some papers on the on the design the
some papers on the on the design the
system<00:04:29.039> design<00:04:29.320> of<00:04:29.440> it<00:04:30.199> but<00:04:30.360> we<00:04:30.479> also<00:04:30.680> thought
system design of it but we also thought
system design of it but we also thought
of<00:04:30.960> it<00:04:31.080> as<00:04:31.199> an<00:04:31.320> art
of it as an art
of it as an art
installation<00:04:33.919> it<00:04:34.039> was<00:04:34.240> invited<00:04:34.840> after<00:04:35.080> the
installation it was invited after the
installation it was invited after the
first<00:04:35.560> year<00:04:36.080> by<00:04:36.199> the<00:04:36.320> ARs<00:04:36.639> Electronica<00:04:37.280> Museum
first year by the ARs Electronica Museum
first year by the ARs Electronica Museum
in<00:04:38.160> Austria<00:04:39.160> to<00:04:39.759> have<00:04:39.919> it<00:04:40.120> installed<00:04:40.600> in<00:04:40.800> their
in Austria to have it installed in their
in Austria to have it installed in their
Lobby<00:04:42.840> and<00:04:42.960> I'm<00:04:43.120> happy<00:04:43.320> to<00:04:43.440> say<00:04:43.639> it<00:04:43.880> remained
Lobby and I'm happy to say it remained
Lobby and I'm happy to say it remained
online<00:04:44.639> there<00:04:44.919> 24<00:04:45.320> hours<00:04:45.520> a<00:04:45.840> day<00:04:46.840> for<00:04:47.120> over
online there 24 hours a day for over
online there 24 hours a day for over
almost<00:04:47.759> 9
almost 9
almost 9
years<00:04:49.720> that<00:04:49.960> robot<00:04:50.320> was<00:04:50.880> operated<00:04:51.880> by<00:04:52.280> more
years that robot was operated by more
years that robot was operated by more
people<00:04:53.440> than<00:04:53.680> any<00:04:53.880> other<00:04:54.080> robot<00:04:54.400> in
people than any other robot in
people than any other robot in
history<00:04:56.639> now<00:04:56.840> one<00:04:57.240> day<00:04:58.240> I<00:04:58.320> got<00:04:58.479> a<00:04:58.639> call<00:04:58.919> out<00:04:59.039> of
history now one day I got a call out of
history now one day I got a call out of
the<00:04:59.280> blue
the blue
the blue
from<00:05:00.880> a
from a
from a
student<00:05:02.639> who<00:05:03.320> asked<00:05:04.320> a<00:05:04.479> very<00:05:04.800> simple<00:05:05.240> but
student who asked a very simple but
student who asked a very simple but
profound
profound
profound
question<00:05:07.680> he<00:05:08.039> said<00:05:09.039> is<00:05:09.199> the<00:05:09.400> robot
question he said is the robot
question he said is the robot
real<00:05:11.919> now<00:05:12.120> everyone<00:05:12.360> else<00:05:12.560> had<00:05:12.720> assumed<00:05:13.039> it
real now everyone else had assumed it
real now everyone else had assumed it
was<00:05:14.240> and<00:05:14.360> we<00:05:14.479> knew<00:05:14.680> it<00:05:14.800> was<00:05:15.039> cuz<00:05:15.160> we<00:05:15.240> were
was and we knew it was cuz we were
was and we knew it was cuz we were
working<00:05:15.759> with<00:05:15.880> it<00:05:16.560> but<00:05:16.639> I<00:05:16.759> knew<00:05:16.880> what<00:05:17.000> he<00:05:17.160> meant
working with it but I knew what he meant
working with it but I knew what he meant
cuz<00:05:18.280> it<00:05:18.400> would<00:05:18.560> be<00:05:18.800> possible<00:05:19.600> to<00:05:20.000> take<00:05:20.160> a<00:05:20.280> bunch
cuz it would be possible to take a bunch
cuz it would be possible to take a bunch
of<00:05:20.600> pictures<00:05:20.919> of<00:05:21.120> flowers<00:05:21.440> in<00:05:21.560> a<00:05:21.759> garden<00:05:22.479> and
of pictures of flowers in a garden and
of pictures of flowers in a garden and
then<00:05:23.280> basically<00:05:24.080> index<00:05:24.560> them<00:05:25.120> in<00:05:25.240> a<00:05:25.440> computer
then basically index them in a computer
then basically index them in a computer
system<00:05:26.240> such<00:05:26.440> that<00:05:26.560> it<00:05:26.639> would<00:05:26.880> appear<00:05:27.319> that
system such that it would appear that
system such that it would appear that
there<00:05:27.560> was<00:05:27.680> a<00:05:27.800> real<00:05:28.039> robot<00:05:28.360> when<00:05:28.479> there<00:05:28.639> wasn't
there was a real robot when there wasn't
there was a real robot when there wasn't
and<00:05:30.560> then<00:05:30.680> more<00:05:30.880> I<00:05:31.000> thought<00:05:31.199> about<00:05:31.360> it<00:05:31.560> I
and then more I thought about it I
and then more I thought about it I
couldn't<00:05:31.919> think<00:05:32.080> of<00:05:32.240> a<00:05:32.360> good<00:05:32.600> answer<00:05:32.960> for<00:05:33.160> how
couldn't think of a good answer for how
couldn't think of a good answer for how
could<00:05:33.479> he<00:05:33.560> could<00:05:33.720> tell<00:05:33.960> the
could he could tell the
could he could tell the
difference<00:05:35.960> this<00:05:36.080> was<00:05:36.240> right<00:05:36.400> about<00:05:36.639> this
difference this was right about this
difference this was right about this
time<00:05:37.160> that<00:05:37.280> I<00:05:37.360> was<00:05:37.479> offered<00:05:37.759> a<00:05:37.919> position<00:05:38.319> here
time that I was offered a position here
time that I was offered a position here
at
at
at
Berkeley<00:05:40.160> and<00:05:40.280> when<00:05:40.400> I<00:05:40.560> got<00:05:40.800> here<00:05:41.800> I<00:05:41.919> looked<00:05:42.160> up
Berkeley and when I got here I looked up
Berkeley and when I got here I looked up
Hubert<00:05:43.120> dfus<00:05:44.120> who's<00:05:44.319> a<00:05:44.520> world-renowned
Hubert dfus who's a world-renowned
Hubert dfus who's a world-renowned
professor<00:05:45.919> of
professor of
professor of
philosophy<00:05:47.919> and<00:05:48.039> I<00:05:48.160> talked<00:05:48.440> with<00:05:48.560> him<00:05:48.720> about
philosophy and I talked with him about
philosophy and I talked with him about
this<00:05:49.720> and<00:05:49.880> he<00:05:50.039> said<00:05:50.759> this<00:05:50.880> is<00:05:51.080> one<00:05:51.199> of<00:05:51.400> the
this and he said this is one of the
this and he said this is one of the
oldest<00:05:52.080> and<00:05:52.240> most<00:05:52.479> Central<00:05:53.000> problems<00:05:53.319> in
oldest and most Central problems in
oldest and most Central problems in
philosophy<00:05:54.800> it<00:05:54.960> goes<00:05:55.280> back<00:05:55.520> to<00:05:55.720> the<00:05:55.880> Skeptics
philosophy it goes back to the Skeptics
philosophy it goes back to the Skeptics
and<00:05:56.919> up<00:05:57.120> through<00:05:57.800> dekart<00:05:58.800> it's<00:05:58.919> the<00:05:59.120> issue<00:05:59.400> of
and up through dekart it's the issue of
and up through dekart it's the issue of
of<00:06:01.039> epistemology<00:06:02.039> the<00:06:02.199> study<00:06:02.520> of<00:06:02.800> how<00:06:03.000> do<00:06:03.120> we
of epistemology the study of how do we
of epistemology the study of how do we
know<00:06:03.720> that<00:06:03.880> something<00:06:04.199> is<00:06:04.880> true<00:06:05.880> so<00:06:06.039> he<00:06:06.160> and<00:06:06.280> I
know that something is true so he and I
know that something is true so he and I
started<00:06:06.639> working<00:06:07.080> together<00:06:07.960> and<00:06:08.080> we<00:06:08.199> coined<00:06:08.479> a
started working together and we coined a
started working together and we coined a
new<00:06:08.759> term<00:06:09.639> telep
new term telep
new term telep
pisty<00:06:12.080> the<00:06:12.240> study<00:06:12.520> of<00:06:12.680> knowledge<00:06:13.039> at<00:06:13.160> a
pisty the study of knowledge at a
pisty the study of knowledge at a
distance<00:06:14.639> we<00:06:14.800> invited<00:06:15.160> leading<00:06:15.599> artists
distance we invited leading artists
distance we invited leading artists
engineers<00:06:18.160> and<00:06:18.360> philosophers<00:06:19.080> to<00:06:19.240> write
engineers and philosophers to write
engineers and philosophers to write
essays<00:06:19.880> about<00:06:20.160> this<00:06:20.400> and<00:06:20.479> the<00:06:20.639> result<00:06:21.440> the
essays about this and the result the
essays about this and the result the
results<00:06:21.840> are<00:06:22.000> collected<00:06:22.360> in<00:06:22.479> this<00:06:22.680> book<00:06:22.840> from
results are collected in this book from
results are collected in this book from
MIT
MIT
MIT
press<00:06:25.479> so<00:06:25.680> thanks<00:06:25.919> to<00:06:26.120> this<00:06:26.400> student<00:06:27.400> who
press so thanks to this student who
press so thanks to this student who
questioned<00:06:28.160> what<00:06:28.319> everyone<00:06:28.639> else<00:06:28.880> had
questioned what everyone else had
questioned what everyone else had
assumed<00:06:29.319> to<00:06:29.400> be<00:06:29.800> true<00:06:30.800> this<00:06:31.080> project<00:06:31.520> taught
assumed to be true this project taught
assumed to be true this project taught
me<00:06:32.120> an<00:06:32.319> important<00:06:32.800> lesson<00:06:33.400> about<00:06:33.759> life<00:06:34.680> which
me an important lesson about life which
me an important lesson about life which
is<00:06:34.919> to<00:06:35.319> always<00:06:36.319> question
is to always question
is to always question
assumptions<00:06:39.080> now<00:06:39.199> for<00:06:39.360> the<00:06:39.560> second<00:06:40.120> project
assumptions now for the second project
assumptions now for the second project
I'll<00:06:40.599> tell<00:06:40.759> you<00:06:40.880> about<00:06:41.280> grew<00:06:41.520> out<00:06:41.639> of<00:06:41.800> the
I'll tell you about grew out of the
I'll tell you about grew out of the
tegarden<00:06:43.360> as<00:06:43.479> it<00:06:43.599> was<00:06:43.800> operating<00:06:44.400> my<00:06:44.520> students
tegarden as it was operating my students
tegarden as it was operating my students
and<00:06:45.000> I<00:06:45.120> were<00:06:45.280> very<00:06:45.560> interested<00:06:46.000> in<00:06:46.240> how<00:06:46.440> people
and I were very interested in how people
and I were very interested in how people
were<00:06:47.039> were<00:06:47.479> interacting<00:06:48.039> with<00:06:48.199> each<00:06:48.319> other
were were interacting with each other
were were interacting with each other
and<00:06:48.680> what<00:06:48.759> they<00:06:48.880> were<00:06:49.039> doing<00:06:49.280> with<00:06:49.440> the<00:06:49.599> garden
and what they were doing with the garden
and what they were doing with the garden
so<00:06:50.680> we<00:06:50.800> started<00:06:51.080> thinking<00:06:51.400> what<00:06:51.520> if<00:06:51.599> the<00:06:51.759> robot
so we started thinking what if the robot
so we started thinking what if the robot
could<00:06:52.280> leave<00:06:52.560> the<00:06:52.759> garden<00:06:53.759> and<00:06:53.960> go<00:06:54.080> out<00:06:54.240> into
could leave the garden and go out into
could leave the garden and go out into
some<00:06:54.680> other<00:06:55.199> interesting<00:06:55.680> environment<00:06:56.599> like
some other interesting environment like
some other interesting environment like
for<00:06:56.879> example<00:06:57.160> what<00:06:57.280> if<00:06:57.360> it<00:06:57.479> could<00:06:57.599> go<00:06:57.720> to<00:06:57.840> a
for example what if it could go to a
for example what if it could go to a
dinner<00:06:58.319> party<00:06:59.319> at<00:06:59.639> the<00:06:59.759> White
House<00:07:03.840> so<00:07:04.840> because<00:07:05.080> we<00:07:05.240> were<00:07:05.440> interested<00:07:05.840> more
House so because we were interested more
House so because we were interested more
in<00:07:06.199> the<00:07:06.400> system<00:07:06.800> design<00:07:07.199> and<00:07:07.319> the<00:07:07.479> user
in the system design and the user
in the system design and the user
interface<00:07:08.759> than<00:07:08.919> in<00:07:09.039> the<00:07:09.280> hardware<00:07:10.280> we
interface than in the hardware we
interface than in the hardware we
decided<00:07:10.840> that<00:07:11.000> rather<00:07:11.280> than<00:07:11.520> have<00:07:12.280> a<00:07:12.479> robot
decided that rather than have a robot
decided that rather than have a robot
replace<00:07:13.240> the<00:07:13.440> human<00:07:14.400> to<00:07:14.560> go<00:07:14.680> to<00:07:14.840> the<00:07:15.000> party
replace the human to go to the party
replace the human to go to the party
we'd<00:07:16.120> have<00:07:16.240> a<00:07:16.400> human<00:07:17.039> replace<00:07:17.440> the<00:07:17.960> robot<00:07:18.960> we
we'd have a human replace the robot we
we'd have a human replace the robot we
called<00:07:19.280> it<00:07:19.440> the<00:07:19.560> tele<00:07:20.319> actor<00:07:21.319> we<00:07:21.440> got<00:07:21.599> a<00:07:22.240> human
called it the tele actor we got a human
called it the tele actor we got a human
someone<00:07:23.560> who's<00:07:23.800> very<00:07:24.000> outgoing<00:07:24.479> and
someone who's very outgoing and
someone who's very outgoing and
gregarious<00:07:26.639> and<00:07:27.639> she<00:07:27.840> was<00:07:28.039> outfitted<00:07:28.560> with<00:07:28.680> a
gregarious and she was outfitted with a
gregarious and she was outfitted with a
helmet<00:07:29.759> with<00:07:29.960> various<00:07:30.280> equipment<00:07:30.840> cameras
helmet with various equipment cameras
helmet with various equipment cameras
and<00:07:31.440> microphones<00:07:32.039> and<00:07:32.160> then<00:07:32.280> a<00:07:32.440> backpack<00:07:33.240> with
and microphones and then a backpack with
and microphones and then a backpack with
wireless<00:07:33.879> internet
wireless internet
wireless internet
connection<00:07:36.199> and<00:07:36.319> the<00:07:36.479> idea<00:07:37.120> was<00:07:37.479> that<00:07:37.680> she
connection and the idea was that she
connection and the idea was that she
could<00:07:38.160> go<00:07:38.479> into<00:07:38.720> a<00:07:38.840> remote<00:07:39.120> and<00:07:39.280> interesting
could go into a remote and interesting
could go into a remote and interesting
environment<00:07:40.879> and<00:07:41.039> then<00:07:41.319> over<00:07:41.599> the<00:07:41.879> internet
environment and then over the internet
environment and then over the internet
people<00:07:43.160> could<00:07:43.440> experience<00:07:44.080> what<00:07:44.199> she<00:07:44.360> was
people could experience what she was
people could experience what she was
experiencing<00:07:46.039> so<00:07:46.280> they<00:07:46.440> could<00:07:47.360> see<00:07:47.720> what<00:07:47.840> she
experiencing so they could see what she
experiencing so they could see what she
was<00:07:48.159> seeing<00:07:49.039> but<00:07:49.159> then<00:07:49.319> more<00:07:49.560> importantly
was seeing but then more importantly
was seeing but then more importantly
they<00:07:50.680> could<00:07:51.360> participate<00:07:52.360> by<00:07:52.680> interacting
they could participate by interacting
they could participate by interacting
with<00:07:53.520> each<00:07:54.199> other<00:07:55.199> and<00:07:56.199> coming<00:07:56.440> up<00:07:56.599> with<00:07:56.800> ideas
with each other and coming up with ideas
with each other and coming up with ideas
about<00:07:57.400> what<00:07:57.520> she<00:07:57.680> should<00:07:57.879> do<00:07:58.240> next<00:07:59.240> and<00:07:59.680> where
about what she should do next and where
about what she should do next and where
she<00:07:59.960> should<00:08:00.240> go<00:08:01.120> and<00:08:01.240> then<00:08:01.400> conveying<00:08:01.840> those
she should go and then conveying those
she should go and then conveying those
to<00:08:02.120> the<00:08:02.240> tele
to the tele
to the tele
actor<00:08:04.319> so<00:08:04.479> we<00:08:04.639> got<00:08:04.759> a<00:08:04.919> chance<00:08:05.199> to<00:08:05.360> take<00:08:05.520> the
actor so we got a chance to take the
actor so we got a chance to take the
tele<00:08:05.960> actor<00:08:06.680> to<00:08:06.879> the<00:08:07.000> Webby<00:08:07.440> Awards<00:08:08.440> in<00:08:08.639> San
tele actor to the Webby Awards in San
tele actor to the Webby Awards in San
Francisco<00:08:10.479> and<00:08:10.680> that<00:08:10.840> Year<00:08:11.199> Sam<00:08:11.520> Donaldson
Francisco and that Year Sam Donaldson
Francisco and that Year Sam Donaldson
was<00:08:12.560> the
was the
was the
host<00:08:15.639> just<00:08:15.840> before<00:08:16.039> the<00:08:16.199> curtain<00:08:16.479> went<00:08:16.680> up<00:08:17.000> I
host just before the curtain went up I
host just before the curtain went up I
had<00:08:17.280> about<00:08:17.560> 30<00:08:17.919> seconds<00:08:18.319> to<00:08:18.520> explain<00:08:19.520> to<00:08:19.680> Mr
had about 30 seconds to explain to Mr
had about 30 seconds to explain to Mr
Donaldson<00:08:21.080> what<00:08:21.199> we<00:08:21.319> were<00:08:21.440> going<00:08:21.560> to
Donaldson what we were going to
Donaldson what we were going to
do<00:08:23.479> and<00:08:23.520> I<00:08:23.639> said<00:08:23.800> the<00:08:23.919> tele<00:08:24.199> actor<00:08:24.479> is<00:08:24.639> a<00:08:24.879> is
do and I said the tele actor is a is
do and I said the tele actor is a is
going<00:08:25.080> to<00:08:25.199> be<00:08:25.319> joining<00:08:25.599> you<00:08:25.800> on<00:08:26.080> stage<00:08:27.039> and
going to be joining you on stage and
going to be joining you on stage and
this<00:08:27.280> is<00:08:27.400> a<00:08:27.520> new<00:08:27.759> experimental<00:08:28.479> project<00:08:29.280> and
this is a new experimental project and
this is a new experimental project and
and<00:08:30.000> people<00:08:30.199> are<00:08:30.400> watching<00:08:30.639> her<00:08:30.800> on<00:08:30.919> their
and people are watching her on their
and people are watching her on their
screens<00:08:32.120> and<00:08:32.320> she's<00:08:32.640> got<00:08:33.000> there's<00:08:33.240> cameras
screens and she's got there's cameras
screens and she's got there's cameras
involved<00:08:33.959> and<00:08:34.080> there's<00:08:34.279> a<00:08:34.519> there's
involved and there's a there's
involved and there's a there's
microphones<00:08:35.240> and<00:08:35.360> she's<00:08:35.519> got<00:08:35.640> an<00:08:35.719> earbud<00:08:36.120> in
microphones and she's got an earbud in
microphones and she's got an earbud in
her<00:08:36.399> ear<00:08:37.080> and<00:08:37.200> people<00:08:37.519> over<00:08:37.680> the<00:08:37.800> network<00:08:38.120> are
her ear and people over the network are
her ear and people over the network are
giving<00:08:38.440> her<00:08:38.599> advice<00:08:38.880> about<00:08:39.080> what<00:08:39.159> to<00:08:39.279> do<00:08:39.519> next
giving her advice about what to do next
giving her advice about what to do next
and<00:08:40.120> he<00:08:40.240> said<00:08:40.800> wait<00:08:40.959> a
and he said wait a
and he said wait a
second<00:08:43.159> that's<00:08:43.399> what<00:08:43.719> I
do<00:08:49.320> so<00:08:49.480> he<00:08:49.600> loved<00:08:49.880> the<00:08:50.200> concept<00:08:51.200> and<00:08:51.320> when<00:08:51.440> the
do so he loved the concept and when the
do so he loved the concept and when the
tele<00:08:52.000> actor<00:08:52.440> walked<00:08:52.760> on<00:08:53.040> stage<00:08:53.800> she<00:08:54.000> walked
tele actor walked on stage she walked
tele actor walked on stage she walked
right<00:08:54.720> up<00:08:54.880> to<00:08:55.080> him<00:08:55.519> and<00:08:55.640> she<00:08:55.760> gave<00:08:55.920> him<00:08:56.040> a<00:08:56.279> big
right up to him and she gave him a big
right up to him and she gave him a big
kiss<00:08:57.040> right<00:08:57.160> on<00:08:57.279> the<00:08:57.480> lips
kiss right on the lips
kiss right on the lips
we<00:09:00.160> were<00:09:00.360> totally<00:09:00.640> surprised<00:09:01.040> we<00:09:01.120> had<00:09:01.240> no<00:09:01.360> idea
we were totally surprised we had no idea
we were totally surprised we had no idea
that<00:09:01.720> would<00:09:01.920> happen<00:09:02.720> and<00:09:03.000> uh<00:09:03.200> he<00:09:03.519> he<00:09:03.600> was<00:09:03.760> great
that would happen and uh he he was great
that would happen and uh he he was great
he<00:09:04.040> just<00:09:04.160> gave<00:09:04.279> her<00:09:04.399> a<00:09:04.519> big<00:09:04.640> hug<00:09:04.839> in<00:09:05.160> return<00:09:05.480> and
he just gave her a big hug in return and
he just gave her a big hug in return and
it<00:09:05.800> worked<00:09:06.040> out<00:09:06.279> great<00:09:06.600> but<00:09:07.399> that<00:09:07.600> night<00:09:07.920> as<00:09:08.000> we
it worked out great but that night as we
it worked out great but that night as we
were<00:09:08.320> packing<00:09:08.680> up<00:09:09.440> I<00:09:09.560> asked<00:09:09.800> the<00:09:09.920> tele<00:09:10.279> actor
were packing up I asked the tele actor
were packing up I asked the tele actor
how<00:09:11.480> did<00:09:11.640> the<00:09:11.800> tele<00:09:12.320> directors<00:09:13.000> decide<00:09:13.880> that
how did the tele directors decide that
how did the tele directors decide that
they<00:09:14.160> would<00:09:14.680> give<00:09:14.800> a<00:09:15.000> kiss<00:09:15.399> to<00:09:15.600> Sam
they would give a kiss to Sam
they would give a kiss to Sam
Donaldson<00:09:18.480> and<00:09:18.600> she<00:09:18.720> said<00:09:18.959> they<00:09:19.600> hadn't<00:09:20.600> she
Donaldson and she said they hadn't she
Donaldson and she said they hadn't she
said<00:09:21.560> when<00:09:21.680> she<00:09:21.839> was<00:09:21.959> just<00:09:22.120> about<00:09:22.279> to<00:09:22.440> walk<00:09:22.600> on
said when she was just about to walk on
said when she was just about to walk on
stage<00:09:23.120> the<00:09:23.240> T<00:09:23.519> directors<00:09:23.880> still<00:09:24.040> were<00:09:24.200> trying
stage the T directors still were trying
stage the T directors still were trying
to<00:09:24.480> agree<00:09:24.720> on<00:09:24.839> what<00:09:24.959> to<00:09:25.079> do<00:09:25.800> and<00:09:25.959> so<00:09:26.640> she<00:09:26.839> just
to agree on what to do and so she just
to agree on what to do and so she just
walked<00:09:27.320> on<00:09:27.480> stage<00:09:27.720> and<00:09:27.880> did<00:09:28.040> what<00:09:28.160> felt<00:09:28.399> most
walked on stage and did what felt most
walked on stage and did what felt most
natural
so<00:09:34.399> the<00:09:34.600> success<00:09:34.920> of<00:09:35.079> the<00:09:35.200> tele<00:09:35.560> actor<00:09:35.959> that
so the success of the tele actor that
so the success of the tele actor that
night<00:09:37.000> was<00:09:37.200> that<00:09:37.480> it<00:09:37.560> was<00:09:37.680> due<00:09:37.839> to<00:09:38.000> the<00:09:38.120> fact
night was that it was due to the fact
night was that it was due to the fact
that<00:09:38.519> she<00:09:39.200> was<00:09:39.640> a<00:09:39.839> wonderful<00:09:40.440> actor<00:09:41.320> she<00:09:41.519> knew
that she was a wonderful actor she knew
that she was a wonderful actor she knew
when<00:09:41.920> to<00:09:42.079> trust<00:09:42.320> her<00:09:42.760> instincts<00:09:43.760> and<00:09:43.880> so<00:09:44.120> that
when to trust her instincts and so that
when to trust her instincts and so that
project<00:09:45.360> taught<00:09:45.560> me<00:09:45.720> another<00:09:45.959> lesson<00:09:46.320> about
project taught me another lesson about
project taught me another lesson about
life<00:09:47.680> which<00:09:47.800> is<00:09:47.959> that<00:09:48.839> when<00:09:49.079> in<00:09:49.360> doubt
improvise<00:09:54.000> now<00:09:54.160> the<00:09:54.279> third<00:09:55.079> project<00:09:56.079> grew<00:09:56.360> out
improvise now the third project grew out
improvise now the third project grew out
of<00:09:57.839> the<00:09:58.320> my<00:09:58.519> experience<00:09:58.920> with<00:09:59.040> my<00:09:59.440> father<00:09:59.600> was
of the my experience with my father was
of the my experience with my father was
in<00:09:59.800> the
in the
in the
hospital<00:10:02.560> he<00:10:02.720> was<00:10:02.880> undergoing<00:10:03.440> a<00:10:03.560> treatment
hospital he was undergoing a treatment
hospital he was undergoing a treatment
chemotherapy<00:10:05.160> treatments<00:10:06.160> and<00:10:06.480> there's<00:10:06.640> a
chemotherapy treatments and there's a
chemotherapy treatments and there's a
related<00:10:07.160> treatment<00:10:08.079> called<00:10:08.880> brachi<00:10:09.360> therapy
related treatment called brachi therapy
related treatment called brachi therapy
where<00:10:10.560> tiny<00:10:11.480> radioactive<00:10:12.240> seeds<00:10:12.760> are<00:10:13.040> placed
where tiny radioactive seeds are placed
where tiny radioactive seeds are placed
into<00:10:13.720> the<00:10:13.880> body<00:10:14.120> to<00:10:14.240> treat<00:10:14.560> cancerous
into the body to treat cancerous
into the body to treat cancerous
tumors<00:10:16.959> and<00:10:17.079> the<00:10:17.200> way<00:10:17.360> it's<00:10:17.600> done<00:10:18.360> as<00:10:18.440> you<00:10:18.560> can
tumors and the way it's done as you can
tumors and the way it's done as you can
see<00:10:18.959> here<00:10:19.160> is<00:10:19.320> that<00:10:20.000> surgeons<00:10:21.320> insert<00:10:22.320> needles
see here is that surgeons insert needles
see here is that surgeons insert needles
into<00:10:23.120> the<00:10:23.240> body<00:10:23.519> to<00:10:23.680> deliver<00:10:24.079> the<00:10:24.279> seeds<00:10:25.279> and
into the body to deliver the seeds and
into the body to deliver the seeds and
all<00:10:25.720> this<00:10:26.240> all<00:10:26.440> these<00:10:26.600> needles<00:10:27.000> are<00:10:27.560> inserted
all this all these needles are inserted
all this all these needles are inserted
in<00:10:28.240> parallel
in parallel
in parallel
so<00:10:30.279> it's<00:10:30.519> very<00:10:30.839> common<00:10:31.200> that<00:10:31.360> some<00:10:31.519> of<00:10:31.640> the
so it's very common that some of the
so it's very common that some of the
needles<00:10:32.839> penetrate<00:10:33.839> sensitive<00:10:34.760> organs<00:10:35.760> and
needles penetrate sensitive organs and
needles penetrate sensitive organs and
as<00:10:36.000> a<00:10:36.519> result<00:10:37.519> the<00:10:38.440> the<00:10:38.760> the<00:10:39.120> the<00:10:39.680> needles
as a result the the the the needles
as a result the the the the needles
damage<00:10:41.160> these<00:10:41.560> organs<00:10:42.040> cause<00:10:42.399> damage<00:10:42.959> which
damage these organs cause damage which
damage these organs cause damage which
leads<00:10:43.360> to<00:10:43.560> trauma<00:10:44.120> and<00:10:44.399> side<00:10:44.839> effects<00:10:45.839> so<00:10:46.040> my
leads to trauma and side effects so my
leads to trauma and side effects so my
students<00:10:46.480> and<00:10:46.600> I<00:10:46.760> wondered<00:10:47.600> what<00:10:47.720> if<00:10:47.880> we<00:10:48.360> could
students and I wondered what if we could
students and I wondered what if we could
modify<00:10:51.120> the<00:10:51.639> system<00:10:52.120> so<00:10:52.240> that<00:10:52.360> the<00:10:52.440> needles
modify the system so that the needles
modify the system so that the needles
could<00:10:52.959> come<00:10:53.079> in<00:10:53.279> at<00:10:53.440> different
could come in at different
could come in at different
angles<00:10:56.000> so<00:10:56.160> we<00:10:56.360> simulated<00:10:57.000> this<00:10:57.600> and<00:10:57.760> we
angles so we simulated this and we
angles so we simulated this and we
developed<00:10:58.399> some<00:10:58.560> optimization<00:10:59.040> out<00:10:59.279> gorithms
developed some optimization out gorithms
developed some optimization out gorithms
and<00:10:59.800> we<00:10:59.920> simulated<00:11:00.600> this<00:11:01.120> and<00:11:01.200> we're<00:11:01.399> able<00:11:01.560> to
and we simulated this and we're able to
and we simulated this and we're able to
show<00:11:02.000> that<00:11:02.120> we<00:11:02.440> are<00:11:02.600> able<00:11:02.800> to<00:11:03.040> avoid<00:11:03.320> the
show that we are able to avoid the
show that we are able to avoid the
delicate<00:11:03.880> organs<00:11:04.880> and<00:11:05.040> yet<00:11:05.240> still<00:11:05.480> achieve
delicate organs and yet still achieve
delicate organs and yet still achieve
the<00:11:06.000> coverage<00:11:06.920> of<00:11:07.079> the<00:11:07.360> of<00:11:07.480> the<00:11:07.639> tumors<00:11:08.160> with
the coverage of the of the tumors with
the coverage of the of the tumors with
the<00:11:08.440> c<00:11:08.720> with<00:11:08.839> the
the c with the
the c with the
radiation<00:11:10.639> so<00:11:10.880> now<00:11:11.200> we're<00:11:11.399> working<00:11:11.760> with
radiation so now we're working with
radiation so now we're working with
doctors<00:11:12.760> at<00:11:13.320> UCSF<00:11:14.120> and<00:11:14.279> engineers<00:11:14.800> at<00:11:14.959> John's
doctors at UCSF and engineers at John's
doctors at UCSF and engineers at John's
Hopkins<00:11:16.560> and<00:11:16.959> we're<00:11:17.440> building<00:11:17.839> a<00:11:18.240> robot<00:11:19.240> that
Hopkins and we're building a robot that
Hopkins and we're building a robot that
has<00:11:19.720> a<00:11:19.839> number<00:11:20.079> of<00:11:20.360> It's<00:11:20.480> A<00:11:20.720> specialized
has a number of It's A specialized
has a number of It's A specialized
design<00:11:21.760> with<00:11:22.000> different<00:11:22.279> joints<00:11:23.000> that<00:11:23.160> can
design with different joints that can
design with different joints that can
allow<00:11:23.680> the<00:11:23.800> needles<00:11:24.200> to<00:11:24.399> come<00:11:24.560> in<00:11:24.800> at<00:11:24.959> an
allow the needles to come in at an
allow the needles to come in at an
infinite<00:11:25.600> variety<00:11:26.480> of<00:11:26.839> angles<00:11:27.839> and<00:11:28.000> as<00:11:28.079> you
infinite variety of angles and as you
infinite variety of angles and as you
can<00:11:28.360> see<00:11:28.600> here<00:11:28.800> they<00:11:28.920> can<00:11:29.320> avoid<00:11:30.079> delicate
can see here they can avoid delicate
can see here they can avoid delicate
organs<00:11:31.600> to<00:11:31.920> and<00:11:32.079> still<00:11:32.320> reach<00:11:32.560> the<00:11:32.680> targets
organs to and still reach the targets
organs to and still reach the targets
they're<00:11:33.200> aiming
they're aiming
they're aiming
for<00:11:35.480> so<00:11:36.040> by<00:11:36.200> questioning<00:11:36.680> this<00:11:36.920> assumption
for so by questioning this assumption
for so by questioning this assumption
that<00:11:38.040> all<00:11:38.240> the<00:11:38.320> needles<00:11:38.720> have<00:11:38.839> to<00:11:38.959> be<00:11:39.360> parallel
that all the needles have to be parallel
that all the needles have to be parallel
this<00:11:40.560> project<00:11:40.880> also<00:11:41.120> taught<00:11:41.320> me<00:11:41.440> an<00:11:41.560> important
this project also taught me an important
this project also taught me an important
lesson<00:11:43.399> when<00:11:43.600> in<00:11:44.000> doubt<00:11:45.000> when<00:11:45.160> your<00:11:45.360> path<00:11:45.560> is
lesson when in doubt when your path is
lesson when in doubt when your path is
blocked<00:11:46.240> sorry
blocked sorry
blocked sorry
pivot<00:11:49.240> and<00:11:49.880> the<00:11:50.160> last<00:11:50.519> project<00:11:50.959> also<00:11:51.200> has<00:11:51.360> to
pivot and the last project also has to
pivot and the last project also has to
do<00:11:51.639> with<00:11:51.800> medical<00:11:52.560> Robotics<00:11:53.560> and<00:11:53.760> this<00:11:53.880> is
do with medical Robotics and this is
do with medical Robotics and this is
something<00:11:55.160> that's<00:11:55.320> grown<00:11:55.639> out<00:11:55.760> of<00:11:55.880> a<00:11:56.399> out<00:11:56.480> of<00:11:56.600> a
something that's grown out of a out of a
something that's grown out of a out of a
system<00:11:57.200> called<00:11:57.920> the<00:11:58.720> D<00:11:58.920> Vinci<00:11:59.440> surgical<00:12:00.200> robot
system called the D Vinci surgical robot
system called the D Vinci surgical robot
and<00:12:01.320> this<00:12:01.399> is<00:12:01.519> a<00:12:01.639> commercially<00:12:02.120> available
and this is a commercially available
and this is a commercially available
device<00:12:03.600> it's<00:12:03.760> being<00:12:03.959> used<00:12:04.240> in<00:12:04.399> over<00:12:04.600> 2,000
device it's being used in over 2,000
device it's being used in over 2,000
hospitals<00:12:05.720> around<00:12:05.959> the<00:12:06.399> world<00:12:07.399> and<00:12:07.519> the<00:12:07.600> idea
hospitals around the world and the idea
hospitals around the world and the idea
is<00:12:07.920> it<00:12:08.079> allows<00:12:08.360> the<00:12:08.560> surgeon<00:12:09.480> to<00:12:09.800> operate
is it allows the surgeon to operate
is it allows the surgeon to operate
comfortably<00:12:11.720> in<00:12:11.839> its<00:12:12.000> own<00:12:12.240> coordinate<00:12:12.920> frame
comfortably in its own coordinate frame
comfortably in its own coordinate frame
and<00:12:15.199> it's<00:12:15.839> but<00:12:16.160> many<00:12:16.399> of<00:12:16.519> the<00:12:16.800> subtasks<00:12:17.639> in
and it's but many of the subtasks in
and it's but many of the subtasks in
surgery<00:12:18.680> are<00:12:18.920> very<00:12:19.480> routine<00:12:20.000> and<00:12:20.199> tedious
surgery are very routine and tedious
surgery are very routine and tedious
like<00:12:20.920> suturing<00:12:21.920> and<00:12:22.120> currently<00:12:22.959> all<00:12:23.199> of<00:12:23.320> these
like suturing and currently all of these
like suturing and currently all of these
are<00:12:23.639> performed<00:12:24.199> under<00:12:24.519> the<00:12:25.079> specific<00:12:25.680> and
are performed under the specific and
are performed under the specific and
immediate<00:12:26.519> control<00:12:26.959> of<00:12:27.120> the<00:12:27.639> surgeon<00:12:28.639> so<00:12:28.760> the
immediate control of the surgeon so the
immediate control of the surgeon so the
surgeon<00:12:29.360> becomes<00:12:29.639> fatigued<00:12:30.120> over<00:12:30.399> time<00:12:31.399> and
surgeon becomes fatigued over time and
surgeon becomes fatigued over time and
we've<00:12:31.680> been<00:12:31.839> wondering<00:12:32.839> what<00:12:32.959> if<00:12:33.079> we<00:12:33.199> could
we've been wondering what if we could
we've been wondering what if we could
program<00:12:34.000> the<00:12:34.199> robot<00:12:35.000> to<00:12:35.240> perform<00:12:35.600> some<00:12:35.760> of
program the robot to perform some of
program the robot to perform some of
these<00:12:36.240> subtasks<00:12:37.240> and<00:12:37.360> thereby<00:12:37.639> free<00:12:37.920> the
these subtasks and thereby free the
these subtasks and thereby free the
surgeon<00:12:38.399> to<00:12:38.560> focus<00:12:38.800> on<00:12:38.920> the<00:12:39.040> more<00:12:39.279> complicated
surgeon to focus on the more complicated
surgeon to focus on the more complicated
parts<00:12:40.079> of<00:12:40.279> the<00:12:40.680> of<00:12:40.800> the<00:12:40.959> surgery<00:12:41.880> and<00:12:42.040> also<00:12:42.320> cut
parts of the of the surgery and also cut
parts of the of the surgery and also cut
down<00:12:42.720> on<00:12:42.880> the<00:12:43.160> time<00:12:43.839> that<00:12:43.959> the<00:12:44.079> surgery<00:12:44.440> would
down on the time that the surgery would
down on the time that the surgery would
take<00:12:44.760> if<00:12:44.839> we<00:12:44.959> could<00:12:45.160> get<00:12:45.279> the<00:12:45.360> robot<00:12:45.639> to<00:12:45.760> do
take if we could get the robot to do
take if we could get the robot to do
them<00:12:46.040> a<00:12:46.160> little<00:12:46.320> bit
them a little bit
them a little bit
faster<00:12:48.240> now<00:12:48.399> it's<00:12:48.519> hard<00:12:48.680> to<00:12:48.839> program<00:12:49.160> a<00:12:49.279> robot
faster now it's hard to program a robot
faster now it's hard to program a robot
to<00:12:49.720> do<00:12:49.920> delicate<00:12:50.320> things<00:12:50.600> like<00:12:51.199> this<00:12:52.199> but<00:12:52.320> it
to do delicate things like this but it
to do delicate things like this but it
turns<00:12:52.639> out<00:12:52.880> my<00:12:53.240> colleague<00:12:53.600> Peter<00:12:53.880> AEL<00:12:54.600> who's
turns out my colleague Peter AEL who's
turns out my colleague Peter AEL who's
here<00:12:54.920> at<00:12:55.519> Berkeley<00:12:56.519> has<00:12:56.720> developed<00:12:57.160> a<00:12:57.320> new<00:12:57.600> set
here at Berkeley has developed a new set
here at Berkeley has developed a new set
of<00:12:57.920> techniques<00:12:59.279> for<00:12:59.600> teaching<00:13:00.199> robots<00:13:01.120> from
of techniques for teaching robots from
of techniques for teaching robots from
example<00:13:02.440> so<00:13:02.600> he's<00:13:02.839> gotten<00:13:03.240> robots<00:13:03.680> to<00:13:03.839> fly
example so he's gotten robots to fly
example so he's gotten robots to fly
helicopters<00:13:05.160> do<00:13:05.480> incredibly<00:13:06.160> interesting
helicopters do incredibly interesting
helicopters do incredibly interesting
beautiful<00:13:07.519> acrobatics<00:13:08.519> by<00:13:08.680> watching<00:13:09.000> human
beautiful acrobatics by watching human
beautiful acrobatics by watching human
experts<00:13:09.720> fly<00:13:10.440> them<00:13:11.440> so<00:13:11.639> we<00:13:11.800> got<00:13:11.959> one<00:13:12.079> of<00:13:12.240> these
experts fly them so we got one of these
experts fly them so we got one of these
robots<00:13:13.399> we<00:13:13.519> started<00:13:13.800> working<00:13:14.079> with<00:13:14.240> Peter<00:13:14.600> and
robots we started working with Peter and
robots we started working with Peter and
his<00:13:14.959> students<00:13:15.959> and<00:13:16.079> we<00:13:16.240> asked<00:13:16.920> a<00:13:17.120> surgeon<00:13:18.079> to
his students and we asked a surgeon to
his students and we asked a surgeon to
perform<00:13:19.240> a<00:13:19.560> task<00:13:20.560> and<00:13:20.680> what<00:13:20.800> we<00:13:20.920> do<00:13:21.120> is<00:13:21.320> we<00:13:22.279> with
perform a task and what we do is we with
perform a task and what we do is we with
the<00:13:22.600> robot<00:13:22.920> so<00:13:23.079> what<00:13:23.240> we're<00:13:23.360> doing<00:13:23.560> is<00:13:23.800> asking
the robot so what we're doing is asking
the robot so what we're doing is asking
the<00:13:24.279> robot<00:13:24.920> the<00:13:25.000> surgeon<00:13:25.320> to<00:13:25.480> perform<00:13:25.760> the
the robot the surgeon to perform the
the robot the surgeon to perform the
task<00:13:26.120> and<00:13:26.199> we<00:13:26.360> record<00:13:26.680> the<00:13:26.760> Motions<00:13:27.079> of<00:13:27.199> the
task and we record the Motions of the
task and we record the Motions of the
robot<00:13:28.480> so<00:13:28.639> here's<00:13:28.800> an<00:13:28.880> example<00:13:29.120> example<00:13:29.760> I'll
robot so here's an example example I'll
robot so here's an example example I'll
use<00:13:30.079> a<00:13:30.279> figure8<00:13:30.880> tracing<00:13:31.199> out<00:13:31.320> of<00:13:31.480> figure8<00:13:31.959> as
use a figure8 tracing out of figure8 as
use a figure8 tracing out of figure8 as
an<00:13:32.639> example<00:13:33.639> so<00:13:34.160> here's<00:13:34.440> what<00:13:34.560> it<00:13:34.680> looks<00:13:34.959> like
an example so here's what it looks like
an example so here's what it looks like
when<00:13:36.199> the<00:13:36.720> robot<00:13:37.160> this<00:13:37.240> is<00:13:37.360> what<00:13:37.440> the<00:13:37.560> robot's
when the robot this is what the robot's
when the robot this is what the robot's
path<00:13:38.279> looks<00:13:38.560> like<00:13:38.760> those<00:13:38.959> three<00:13:39.279> examples<00:13:40.279> now
path looks like those three examples now
path looks like those three examples now
those<00:13:41.360> are<00:13:41.560> much<00:13:41.720> better<00:13:41.959> than<00:13:42.079> what<00:13:42.199> a<00:13:42.320> novice
those are much better than what a novice
those are much better than what a novice
like<00:13:43.360> I<00:13:43.519> could<00:13:43.680> do<00:13:44.480> but<00:13:44.800> they're<00:13:45.079> still<00:13:45.279> jerky
like I could do but they're still jerky
like I could do but they're still jerky
and<00:13:46.079> imprecise<00:13:47.079> so<00:13:47.279> we<00:13:47.560> record<00:13:48.000> all<00:13:48.240> these
and imprecise so we record all these
and imprecise so we record all these
examples<00:13:49.079> the<00:13:49.240> data<00:13:50.040> and<00:13:50.160> then<00:13:50.360> we<00:13:50.920> we<00:13:51.040> go
examples the data and then we we go
examples the data and then we we go
through<00:13:51.360> a<00:13:51.480> sequence<00:13:51.800> of
through a sequence of
through a sequence of
steps<00:13:53.639> first<00:13:54.160> we<00:13:54.279> used<00:13:54.639> a<00:13:54.759> technique<00:13:55.120> called
steps first we used a technique called
steps first we used a technique called
Dynamic<00:13:55.800> time<00:13:56.000> warping<00:13:56.639> from<00:13:56.839> speech
Dynamic time warping from speech
Dynamic time warping from speech
recognition<00:13:58.240> and<00:13:58.320> this<00:13:58.440> allows<00:13:58.720> us<00:13:58.839> to
recognition and this allows us to
recognition and this allows us to
temporally<00:13:59.600> align<00:14:00.320> all<00:14:00.480> of<00:14:00.600> the<00:14:01.240> examples<00:14:02.240> and
temporally align all of the examples and
temporally align all of the examples and
then<00:14:02.480> we<00:14:02.680> apply<00:14:03.160> common<00:14:03.560> filtering<00:14:04.519> a
then we apply common filtering a
then we apply common filtering a
technique<00:14:05.079> from<00:14:06.079> control<00:14:06.519> theory<00:14:07.440> that
technique from control theory that
technique from control theory that
allows<00:14:07.880> us<00:14:08.040> to<00:14:08.279> statistically<00:14:08.959> analyze<00:14:09.399> all
allows us to statistically analyze all
allows us to statistically analyze all
the<00:14:09.680> noise<00:14:10.480> and<00:14:10.720> extract<00:14:11.399> the<00:14:11.600> desired
the noise and extract the desired
the noise and extract the desired
trajectory<00:14:13.519> that<00:14:13.680> underlies
trajectory that underlies
trajectory that underlies
them<00:14:16.680> now<00:14:17.000> so<00:14:17.160> what<00:14:17.279> we're<00:14:17.440> doing<00:14:17.639> is<00:14:17.759> we<00:14:17.920> take
them now so what we're doing is we take
them now so what we're doing is we take
those<00:14:18.240> human<00:14:18.560> demonstrations<00:14:19.160> they're<00:14:19.320> all
those human demonstrations they're all
those human demonstrations they're all
noisy<00:14:19.759> and<00:14:19.920> imperfect<00:14:20.360> and<00:14:20.480> we<00:14:20.639> extract<00:14:21.079> from
noisy and imperfect and we extract from
noisy and imperfect and we extract from
them<00:14:21.440> an<00:14:21.639> inferred<00:14:22.480> task<00:14:22.839> trajectory<00:14:23.480> and
them an inferred task trajectory and
them an inferred task trajectory and
control<00:14:24.600> sequence<00:14:25.240> for<00:14:25.399> the<00:14:25.560> robot<00:14:26.519> we<00:14:26.720> then
control sequence for the robot we then
control sequence for the robot we then
execute<00:14:27.399> that<00:14:27.560> on<00:14:27.680> the<00:14:27.880> robot<00:14:28.759> we<00:14:29.079> observe
execute that on the robot we observe
execute that on the robot we observe
what<00:14:29.920> happens<00:14:30.920> then<00:14:31.079> we<00:14:31.240> adjust<00:14:31.639> the<00:14:31.759> controls
what happens then we adjust the controls
what happens then we adjust the controls
using<00:14:32.560> a<00:14:32.680> sequence<00:14:33.000> of<00:14:33.160> techniques<00:14:33.680> called
using a sequence of techniques called
using a sequence of techniques called
iterative
iterative
iterative
learning<00:14:36.600> then<00:14:36.759> what<00:14:36.920> we<00:14:37.120> do<00:14:37.759> is<00:14:37.920> we<00:14:38.079> increase
learning then what we do is we increase
learning then what we do is we increase
the<00:14:38.560> velocity<00:14:39.040> a<00:14:39.160> little<00:14:39.639> bit<00:14:40.639> we<00:14:40.959> observe<00:14:41.320> the
the velocity a little bit we observe the
the velocity a little bit we observe the
results<00:14:42.279> adjust<00:14:42.639> the<00:14:42.759> controls<00:14:43.720> again<00:14:44.720> and
results adjust the controls again and
results adjust the controls again and
observe<00:14:45.600> what<00:14:45.759> happens<00:14:46.519> we<00:14:46.680> go<00:14:46.880> through<00:14:47.120> this
observe what happens we go through this
observe what happens we go through this
several<00:14:47.800> rounds<00:14:48.600> and<00:14:48.720> here's<00:14:48.920> the<00:14:49.360> result
several rounds and here's the result
several rounds and here's the result
that's<00:14:50.519> the<00:14:50.639> inferred<00:14:51.360> task<00:14:51.639> trajectory<00:14:52.160> and
that's the inferred task trajectory and
that's the inferred task trajectory and
here's<00:14:52.480> the<00:14:52.639> robot<00:14:52.920> moving<00:14:53.240> at<00:14:53.399> the<00:14:53.920> the<00:14:54.040> speed
here's the robot moving at the the speed
here's the robot moving at the the speed
of<00:14:54.360> the<00:14:54.480> human<00:14:55.320> here's<00:14:55.560> four<00:14:55.920> times<00:14:56.320> the<00:14:56.440> speed
of the human here's four times the speed
of the human here's four times the speed
of<00:14:56.800> the<00:14:56.959> human<00:14:57.800> here's<00:14:58.079> seven<00:14:58.480> times
of the human here's seven times
of the human here's seven times
and<00:15:00.519> here's<00:15:00.800> the<00:15:01.000> Robot<00:15:01.399> Operating<00:15:01.880> at<00:15:02.079> 10
and here's the Robot Operating at 10
and here's the Robot Operating at 10
times<00:15:04.000> the<00:15:04.120> speed<00:15:04.399> of<00:15:04.519> the<00:15:05.040> human<00:15:06.040> so<00:15:06.160> we're
times the speed of the human so we're
times the speed of the human so we're
able<00:15:06.519> to<00:15:06.639> get<00:15:06.720> a<00:15:06.880> robot<00:15:07.320> to<00:15:07.480> perform<00:15:07.800> a
able to get a robot to perform a
able to get a robot to perform a
delicate<00:15:08.480> task<00:15:09.160> like<00:15:09.639> like<00:15:09.839> a<00:15:10.279> a<00:15:10.399> surgical
delicate task like like a a surgical
delicate task like like a a surgical
subtask<00:15:12.399> at<00:15:12.560> 10<00:15:12.880> times<00:15:13.160> the<00:15:13.320> speed<00:15:13.560> of<00:15:13.639> a
subtask at 10 times the speed of a
subtask at 10 times the speed of a
human<00:15:15.560> so<00:15:15.800> this<00:15:16.160> project<00:15:17.160> also<00:15:17.839> because<00:15:18.079> of<00:15:18.199> it
human so this project also because of it
human so this project also because of it
involves<00:15:19.360> practicing<00:15:19.920> learning<00:15:20.399> doing
involves practicing learning doing
involves practicing learning doing
something<00:15:21.000> over<00:15:21.199> and<00:15:21.360> over<00:15:21.639> again<00:15:21.880> this
something over and over again this
something over and over again this
project<00:15:22.399> also<00:15:22.600> has<00:15:22.720> a<00:15:23.000> lesson<00:15:24.000> which<00:15:24.160> is<00:15:24.680> if
project also has a lesson which is if
project also has a lesson which is if
you<00:15:24.920> want<00:15:25.040> to<00:15:25.519> if<00:15:25.600> you<00:15:25.720> want<00:15:25.800> to<00:15:25.959> do<00:15:26.160> something
you want to if you want to do something
you want to if you want to do something
well<00:15:28.360> there's<00:15:28.560> no<00:15:28.720> sub<00:15:28.959> Institute<00:15:29.680> for
well there's no sub Institute for
well there's no sub Institute for
practice<00:15:30.880> practice
practice<00:15:36.600> so<00:15:36.839> these<00:15:37.040> are<00:15:37.279> four<00:15:37.560> of<00:15:37.720> the
practice so these are four of the
practice so these are four of the
lessons<00:15:38.560> that<00:15:38.680> I've<00:15:38.839> learned<00:15:39.120> from<00:15:39.279> robots
lessons that I've learned from robots
lessons that I've learned from robots
over<00:15:40.279> the
over the
over the
years<00:15:42.880> and<00:15:43.880> te<00:15:44.440> and<00:15:44.639> Robotics<00:15:45.639> the<00:15:45.759> field<00:15:46.000> of
years and te and Robotics the field of
years and te and Robotics the field of
Robotics<00:15:46.560> has<00:15:46.720> gotten<00:15:46.959> much<00:15:47.160> better<00:15:47.480> over
Robotics has gotten much better over
Robotics has gotten much better over
time<00:15:49.720> nowadays<00:15:50.199> high<00:15:50.399> school<00:15:50.600> students<00:15:51.000> can
time nowadays high school students can
time nowadays high school students can
build<00:15:51.399> robots<00:15:51.880> like<00:15:52.000> the<00:15:52.120> industrial<00:15:52.560> robot
build robots like the industrial robot
build robots like the industrial robot
my<00:15:53.079> dad<00:15:53.240> and<00:15:53.360> I<00:15:53.519> tried<00:15:53.759> to
my dad and I tried to
my dad and I tried to
build<00:15:56.079> but<00:15:57.079> it's<00:15:57.440> very<00:15:58.199> and<00:15:58.399> now<00:15:59.279> and
build but it's very and now and
build but it's very and now and
now<00:16:01.160> I<00:16:01.360> have<00:16:02.040> a<00:16:02.240> daughter<00:16:03.160> named
now I have a daughter named
now I have a daughter named
Odessa<00:16:04.959> she's<00:16:05.199> 8<00:16:05.440> years<00:16:06.079> old<00:16:07.079> and<00:16:07.160> she<00:16:07.319> likes
Odessa she's 8 years old and she likes
Odessa she's 8 years old and she likes
robots<00:16:08.279> too<00:16:09.279> maybe<00:16:09.480> it<00:16:09.560> runs<00:16:09.759> in<00:16:09.880> the
robots too maybe it runs in the
robots too maybe it runs in the
family<00:16:12.079> I<00:16:12.199> wish<00:16:12.639> she<00:16:12.880> could<00:16:13.160> meet<00:16:13.440> my
family I wish she could meet my
family I wish she could meet my
dad<00:16:15.639> and<00:16:15.839> I<00:16:16.040> and<00:16:16.160> now<00:16:16.360> I<00:16:16.480> get<00:16:16.600> to<00:16:16.759> teach<00:16:17.040> her<00:16:17.440> how
dad and I and now I get to teach her how
dad and I and now I get to teach her how
things<00:16:17.880> work<00:16:18.360> we<00:16:18.519> get<00:16:18.639> to<00:16:18.880> build<00:16:19.279> projects
things work we get to build projects
things work we get to build projects
together<00:16:20.639> and<00:16:20.759> I<00:16:20.880> wonder<00:16:21.240> what<00:16:21.360> kind<00:16:21.480> of
together and I wonder what kind of
together and I wonder what kind of
lessons<00:16:22.040> that<00:16:22.160> she'll<00:16:22.399> learn<00:16:22.680> from
lessons that she'll learn from
lessons that she'll learn from
them<00:16:25.639> robots<00:16:26.079> are<00:16:26.279> the<00:16:26.399> most<00:16:27.040> human<00:16:28.040> of<00:16:28.199> our
them robots are the most human of our
them robots are the most human of our
machines
machines
machines
they<00:16:30.519> can't<00:16:30.759> solve<00:16:31.079> all<00:16:31.240> of<00:16:31.399> the<00:16:31.480> world's
they can't solve all of the world's
they can't solve all of the world's
problems<00:16:33.319> but<00:16:33.440> I<00:16:33.560> think<00:16:33.720> they<00:16:33.880> have<00:16:34.160> something
problems but I think they have something
problems but I think they have something
important<00:16:35.560> to<00:16:35.720> teach
important to teach
important to teach
us<00:16:37.639> I<00:16:37.800> invite<00:16:38.199> all<00:16:38.399> of<00:16:38.680> you<00:16:39.600> to<00:16:39.839> think<00:16:40.079> about
us I invite all of you to think about
us I invite all of you to think about
the<00:16:41.079> innovations<00:16:41.759> that<00:16:41.880> you're<00:16:42.279> interested
the innovations that you're interested
the innovations that you're interested
in<00:16:44.160> the<00:16:44.440> machines<00:16:45.079> that<00:16:45.160> you<00:16:45.319> wish<00:16:45.959> for<00:16:46.959> and
in the machines that you wish for and
in the machines that you wish for and
think<00:16:47.360> about<00:16:48.079> what<00:16:48.240> they<00:16:48.399> might<00:16:48.560> be<00:16:48.720> telling
think about what they might be telling
think about what they might be telling
you<00:16:50.600> CU<00:16:50.800> I<00:16:50.880> have<00:16:51.000> a<00:16:51.120> hunch<00:16:51.720> that<00:16:51.880> many<00:16:52.079> of<00:16:52.199> our
you CU I have a hunch that many of our
you CU I have a hunch that many of our
technological<00:16:53.440> innovations<00:16:54.440> the<00:16:54.600> devices<00:16:55.040> we
technological innovations the devices we
technological innovations the devices we
dream
dream
dream
about<00:16:57.519> can<00:16:57.720> Inspire<00:16:58.160> us<00:16:58.959> to<00:16:59.120> be<00:16:59.279> better
about can Inspire us to be better
about can Inspire us to be better
humans<00:17:01.399> thank<00:17:01.600> you
TED TEDx TEDxBerkeley Berkeley UC TED-Ed TEDEducation TED Ed, Ken, Goldberg, robot, TeleGarden, robots, and, humans
