The sound the universe makes - Janna Levin
I<00:00:15.879> want<00:00:16.039> to<00:00:16.240> ask<00:00:16.480> you<00:00:16.680> all<00:00:16.960> to<00:00:17.279> consider<00:00:17.960> for<00:00:18.160> a
I want to ask you all to consider for a
I want to ask you all to consider for a
second<00:00:19.160> the<00:00:19.359> very<00:00:19.680> simple<00:00:20.199> fact<00:00:20.960> that<00:00:21.240> by<00:00:21.519> far
second the very simple fact that by far
second the very simple fact that by far
most<00:00:22.480> of<00:00:22.640> what<00:00:22.760> we<00:00:22.880> know<00:00:23.080> about<00:00:23.279> the<00:00:23.439> universe
most of what we know about the universe
most of what we know about the universe
comes<00:00:24.640> to<00:00:24.880> us<00:00:25.519> from<00:00:25.880> light<00:00:26.599> we<00:00:26.720> can<00:00:27.039> stand<00:00:27.560> on
comes to us from light we can stand on
comes to us from light we can stand on
the<00:00:27.920> earth<00:00:28.400> and<00:00:28.599> look<00:00:28.800> up<00:00:28.960> at<00:00:29.080> the<00:00:29.199> night<00:00:29.519> sky
the earth and look up at the night sky
the earth and look up at the night sky
and<00:00:30.160> see<00:00:30.640> stars<00:00:31.160> with<00:00:31.320> our<00:00:31.480> bare<00:00:31.800> eyes<00:00:32.520> The<00:00:32.680> Sun
and see stars with our bare eyes The Sun
and see stars with our bare eyes The Sun
Burns<00:00:33.480> our<00:00:33.760> peripheral<00:00:34.360> vision<00:00:34.879> we<00:00:35.000> see<00:00:35.320> light
Burns our peripheral vision we see light
Burns our peripheral vision we see light
reflected<00:00:36.239> off<00:00:36.480> the<00:00:36.600> moon<00:00:37.520> and<00:00:37.719> in<00:00:37.960> the<00:00:38.239> time
reflected off the moon and in the time
reflected off the moon and in the time
since<00:00:38.920> Galileo<00:00:39.719> pointed<00:00:40.600> that<00:00:40.840> rudimentary
since Galileo pointed that rudimentary
since Galileo pointed that rudimentary
telescope<00:00:42.320> at<00:00:42.480> the<00:00:42.640> celestial<00:00:43.399> bodies<00:00:44.280> the
telescope at the celestial bodies the
telescope at the celestial bodies the
known<00:00:44.840> universe<00:00:45.480> has<00:00:45.680> come<00:00:46.000> to<00:00:46.239> us<00:00:46.559> through
known universe has come to us through
known universe has come to us through
light<00:00:47.680> across<00:00:48.440> vast<00:00:48.800> eras<00:00:49.320> in<00:00:49.559> Cosmic<00:00:50.239> history
light across vast eras in Cosmic history
light across vast eras in Cosmic history
and<00:00:51.680> with<00:00:51.920> all<00:00:52.079> of<00:00:52.199> our<00:00:52.359> modern<00:00:52.680> telescopes
and with all of our modern telescopes
and with all of our modern telescopes
we've<00:00:53.480> been<00:00:53.640> able<00:00:53.960> to<00:00:54.239> collect<00:00:55.239> this<00:00:55.520> stunning
we've been able to collect this stunning
we've been able to collect this stunning
silent<00:00:56.960> movie<00:00:57.520> of<00:00:57.680> the<00:00:57.800> universe<00:00:58.680> these<00:00:58.920> sort
silent movie of the universe these sort
silent movie of the universe these sort
of<00:00:59.359> series<00:01:00.039> of<00:01:00.280> snapshots<00:01:01.280> that<00:01:01.440> go<00:01:01.760> all<00:01:02.000> the
of series of snapshots that go all the
of series of snapshots that go all the
way<00:01:02.519> back<00:01:02.960> to<00:01:03.160> the<00:01:03.320> big<00:01:03.720> bang<00:01:04.720> and<00:01:04.920> yet<00:01:05.280> the
way back to the big bang and yet the
way back to the big bang and yet the
universe<00:01:05.920> is<00:01:06.159> not<00:01:06.520> a<00:01:06.720> silent<00:01:07.159> movie<00:01:07.880> cu<00:01:08.040> the
universe is not a silent movie cu the
universe is not a silent movie cu the
universe<00:01:08.720> isn't<00:01:09.159> silent<00:01:10.119> I'd<00:01:10.320> like<00:01:10.479> to
universe isn't silent I'd like to
universe isn't silent I'd like to
convince<00:01:11.080> you<00:01:11.320> that<00:01:11.479> the<00:01:11.560> Universe<00:01:11.960> has<00:01:12.080> a
convince you that the Universe has a
convince you that the Universe has a
soundtrack<00:01:13.520> and<00:01:13.680> that<00:01:13.920> soundtrack<00:01:14.880> is<00:01:15.159> played
soundtrack and that soundtrack is played
soundtrack and that soundtrack is played
on<00:01:16.040> Space<00:01:16.680> itself<00:01:17.640> because<00:01:18.159> space<00:01:19.040> can<00:01:19.280> wobble
on Space itself because space can wobble
on Space itself because space can wobble
like<00:01:20.000> a<00:01:20.200> drum<00:01:21.079> it<00:01:21.240> can<00:01:21.439> ring<00:01:21.920> out<00:01:22.360> a<00:01:22.560> kind<00:01:22.720> of
like a drum it can ring out a kind of
like a drum it can ring out a kind of
recording<00:01:24.159> throughout<00:01:24.600> the<00:01:24.759> Universe<00:01:25.360> of
recording throughout the Universe of
recording throughout the Universe of
some<00:01:25.680> of<00:01:25.840> the<00:01:26.000> most<00:01:26.200> dramatic<00:01:26.799> events<00:01:27.360> as<00:01:27.560> they
some of the most dramatic events as they
some of the most dramatic events as they
unfold<00:01:29.280> now<00:01:30.159> we'd<00:01:30.400> like<00:01:30.560> to<00:01:30.680> be<00:01:30.799> able<00:01:31.040> to<00:01:31.280> add
unfold now we'd like to be able to add
unfold now we'd like to be able to add
to<00:01:31.799> a<00:01:32.000> kind<00:01:32.119> of<00:01:32.439> Glorious<00:01:33.240> visual<00:01:33.840> composition
to a kind of Glorious visual composition
to a kind of Glorious visual composition
that<00:01:34.720> we<00:01:34.920> have<00:01:35.159> of<00:01:35.320> the<00:01:35.439> universe<00:01:36.159> a<00:01:36.320> sort<00:01:36.479> of
that we have of the universe a sort of
that we have of the universe a sort of
Sonic<00:01:37.680> composition<00:01:38.680> and<00:01:39.280> uh<00:01:39.439> while<00:01:39.600> we've
Sonic composition and uh while we've
Sonic composition and uh while we've
never<00:01:40.040> heard<00:01:40.360> the<00:01:40.520> sounds<00:01:40.920> from<00:01:41.240> space<00:01:42.040> we
never heard the sounds from space we
never heard the sounds from space we
really<00:01:42.880> should<00:01:43.320> in<00:01:43.479> the<00:01:43.680> next<00:01:44.079> few<00:01:44.439> years
really should in the next few years
really should in the next few years
start<00:01:45.439> to<00:01:45.600> turn<00:01:45.920> up<00:01:46.079> the<00:01:46.240> volume<00:01:46.600> on<00:01:46.799> what's
start to turn up the volume on what's
start to turn up the volume on what's
going<00:01:47.200> on<00:01:47.399> out<00:01:47.680> there<00:01:48.159> and<00:01:48.240> so<00:01:48.520> in<00:01:48.719> this
going on out there and so in this
going on out there and so in this
ambition<00:01:49.600> to<00:01:49.960> capture<00:01:50.840> songs<00:01:51.320> from<00:01:51.520> the
ambition to capture songs from the
ambition to capture songs from the
universe<00:01:52.600> we<00:01:52.799> turn<00:01:53.200> our<00:01:53.479> Focus<00:01:54.320> to<00:01:54.600> black
universe we turn our Focus to black
universe we turn our Focus to black
holes<00:01:55.320> and<00:01:55.439> the<00:01:55.640> promise<00:01:56.079> they<00:01:56.280> have<00:01:56.560> because
holes and the promise they have because
holes and the promise they have because
black<00:01:57.360> holes<00:01:58.240> can<00:01:58.479> bang<00:01:58.799> on<00:01:59.079> SpaceTime<00:01:59.640> like
black holes can bang on SpaceTime like
black holes can bang on SpaceTime like
mallets<00:02:00.520> on<00:02:00.680> a<00:02:00.880> drum<00:02:01.640> and<00:02:01.759> they<00:02:01.880> have<00:02:02.000> a<00:02:02.280> very
mallets on a drum and they have a very
mallets on a drum and they have a very
characteristic<00:02:03.600> song<00:02:04.039> which<00:02:04.200> I'd<00:02:04.399> like<00:02:04.520> to
characteristic song which I'd like to
characteristic song which I'd like to
play<00:02:05.000> for<00:02:05.240> you<00:02:05.799> some<00:02:06.000> of<00:02:06.200> our<00:02:06.600> predictions<00:02:07.159> for
play for you some of our predictions for
play for you some of our predictions for
what<00:02:07.560> that<00:02:07.680> song<00:02:08.039> will<00:02:08.239> be<00:02:08.479> like<00:02:09.119> now<00:02:09.319> black
what that song will be like now black
what that song will be like now black
holes<00:02:09.759> are<00:02:10.000> dark<00:02:10.479> against<00:02:10.759> a<00:02:10.959> dark<00:02:11.280> sky<00:02:12.040> we
holes are dark against a dark sky we
holes are dark against a dark sky we
can't<00:02:12.599> see<00:02:12.879> them<00:02:13.080> directly<00:02:13.480> they're<00:02:13.720> not
can't see them directly they're not
can't see them directly they're not
brought<00:02:14.319> to<00:02:14.560> us<00:02:15.239> with<00:02:15.480> light<00:02:15.879> at<00:02:16.000> least<00:02:16.200> not
brought to us with light at least not
brought to us with light at least not
directly<00:02:17.160> we<00:02:17.239> can<00:02:17.360> see<00:02:17.599> them<00:02:17.879> indirectly
directly we can see them indirectly
directly we can see them indirectly
because<00:02:19.040> black<00:02:19.319> holes<00:02:19.560> are<00:02:19.760> weak<00:02:20.120> havoc<00:02:20.800> on
because black holes are weak havoc on
because black holes are weak havoc on
their<00:02:21.160> environment<00:02:21.800> they<00:02:21.959> destroy<00:02:22.400> Stars
their environment they destroy Stars
their environment they destroy Stars
around<00:02:23.239> them<00:02:23.519> they<00:02:23.640> churn<00:02:24.000> up<00:02:24.239> debris<00:02:24.720> in
around them they churn up debris in
around them they churn up debris in
their<00:02:25.160> surroundings<00:02:26.160> but<00:02:26.319> they<00:02:26.440> won't<00:02:26.680> come
their surroundings but they won't come
their surroundings but they won't come
to<00:02:27.000> us<00:02:27.200> directly<00:02:27.680> through<00:02:27.920> light<00:02:28.680> we<00:02:28.840> might
to us directly through light we might
to us directly through light we might
one<00:02:29.239> day<00:02:29.400> see<00:02:29.560> a<00:02:29.959> Shadow<00:02:30.440> a<00:02:30.640> black<00:02:30.920> hole<00:02:31.319> can
one day see a Shadow a black hole can
one day see a Shadow a black hole can
cast<00:02:32.400> on<00:02:32.560> a<00:02:32.840> very<00:02:33.200> bright<00:02:33.640> background<00:02:34.319> but<00:02:34.480> we
cast on a very bright background but we
cast on a very bright background but we
haven't<00:02:35.080> yet<00:02:35.800> and<00:02:35.959> yet<00:02:36.239> black<00:02:36.519> holes<00:02:37.000> may<00:02:37.200> be
haven't yet and yet black holes may be
haven't yet and yet black holes may be
heard<00:02:37.920> even<00:02:38.160> if<00:02:38.280> they're<00:02:38.519> not<00:02:39.000> seen<00:02:40.000> and
heard even if they're not seen and
heard even if they're not seen and
that's<00:02:40.519> because<00:02:40.879> they<00:02:41.080> bang<00:02:41.440> on<00:02:41.720> SpaceTime
that's because they bang on SpaceTime
that's because they bang on SpaceTime
like<00:02:42.440> a<00:02:42.599> drum<00:02:43.599> now<00:02:43.879> we<00:02:44.000> owe<00:02:44.360> the<00:02:44.560> idea<00:02:45.159> that
like a drum now we owe the idea that
like a drum now we owe the idea that
space<00:02:46.040> can<00:02:46.159> ring<00:02:46.440> like<00:02:46.599> a<00:02:46.760> drum<00:02:47.120> to<00:02:47.280> Albert
space can ring like a drum to Albert
space can ring like a drum to Albert
Einstein<00:02:48.200> to<00:02:48.400> whom<00:02:48.760> we<00:02:48.879> owe<00:02:49.200> so<00:02:49.480> much<00:02:50.120> Einstein
Einstein to whom we owe so much Einstein
Einstein to whom we owe so much Einstein
realized<00:02:51.360> that<00:02:51.480> if<00:02:51.680> space<00:02:51.959> were<00:02:52.239> empty<00:02:52.599> if<00:02:52.720> the
realized that if space were empty if the
realized that if space were empty if the
universe<00:02:53.239> were<00:02:53.480> empty<00:02:54.360> it<00:02:54.480> would<00:02:54.680> be<00:02:55.159> like
universe were empty it would be like
universe were empty it would be like
this<00:02:55.920> picture<00:02:56.480> except<00:02:56.760> for<00:02:56.959> maybe<00:02:57.280> without
this picture except for maybe without
this picture except for maybe without
the<00:02:57.680> helpful<00:02:58.319> grid<00:02:58.599> drawn<00:02:58.920> on<00:02:59.080> it<00:02:59.640> but<00:03:00.239> if<00:03:00.360> we
the helpful grid drawn on it but if we
the helpful grid drawn on it but if we
were<00:03:00.680> freely<00:03:01.159> falling<00:03:01.760> through<00:03:01.959> the<00:03:02.200> space
were freely falling through the space
were freely falling through the space
even<00:03:02.879> without<00:03:03.239> this<00:03:03.400> helpful<00:03:03.840> grid<00:03:04.200> we<00:03:04.319> might
even without this helpful grid we might
even without this helpful grid we might
be<00:03:04.640> able<00:03:04.879> to<00:03:05.080> paint<00:03:05.360> it<00:03:05.560> ourselves<00:03:06.280> because<00:03:06.519> we
be able to paint it ourselves because we
be able to paint it ourselves because we
would<00:03:06.879> notice<00:03:07.599> that<00:03:07.799> we<00:03:08.040> traveled<00:03:08.640> along
would notice that we traveled along
would notice that we traveled along
straight<00:03:09.360> lines<00:03:10.120> undeflected<00:03:11.120> straight
straight lines undeflected straight
straight lines undeflected straight
paths<00:03:12.239> through<00:03:12.480> the<00:03:12.640> universe<00:03:13.640> Einstein<00:03:14.400> also
paths through the universe Einstein also
paths through the universe Einstein also
realized<00:03:15.239> and<00:03:15.400> this<00:03:15.519> is<00:03:16.080> the<00:03:16.239> real<00:03:16.720> meat<00:03:17.000> of
realized and this is the real meat of
realized and this is the real meat of
the<00:03:17.239> matter<00:03:17.760> that<00:03:18.040> if<00:03:18.159> you<00:03:18.400> put<00:03:19.040> energy<00:03:19.440> or
the matter that if you put energy or
the matter that if you put energy or
mass<00:03:20.080> in<00:03:20.200> the<00:03:20.360> universe<00:03:21.159> it<00:03:21.280> would<00:03:21.560> curve
mass in the universe it would curve
mass in the universe it would curve
space<00:03:22.760> and<00:03:22.879> a<00:03:23.040> freely<00:03:23.440> falling<00:03:24.080> object<00:03:24.720> would
space and a freely falling object would
space and a freely falling object would
pass<00:03:25.440> by<00:03:25.760> let's<00:03:25.959> say<00:03:26.159> the<00:03:26.360> sun<00:03:27.040> and<00:03:27.159> it<00:03:27.239> would
pass by let's say the sun and it would
pass by let's say the sun and it would
be<00:03:27.599> deflected<00:03:28.319> along<00:03:28.599> the<00:03:28.799> natural<00:03:29.319> curves<00:03:29.920> in
be deflected along the natural curves in
be deflected along the natural curves in
that<00:03:30.319> space<00:03:30.640> it<00:03:30.760> was<00:03:31.040> Einstein's<00:03:32.040> great
that space it was Einstein's great
that space it was Einstein's great
general<00:03:32.879> theory<00:03:33.319> of
general theory of
general theory of
relativity<00:03:35.000> now<00:03:35.280> even<00:03:35.680> light<00:03:36.280> will<00:03:36.480> be<00:03:36.680> bent
relativity now even light will be bent
relativity now even light will be bent
by<00:03:37.319> those<00:03:37.560> paths<00:03:38.400> and<00:03:38.560> you<00:03:38.680> can<00:03:38.799> be<00:03:38.920> bent<00:03:39.200> so
by those paths and you can be bent so
by those paths and you can be bent so
much<00:03:39.519> that<00:03:39.640> you're<00:03:39.840> caught<00:03:40.040> in<00:03:40.239> orbit<00:03:40.680> around
much that you're caught in orbit around
much that you're caught in orbit around
the<00:03:41.080> Sun<00:03:41.439> as<00:03:41.640> the<00:03:41.760> Earth<00:03:42.080> is<00:03:42.599> or<00:03:42.799> the<00:03:42.920> moon
the Sun as the Earth is or the moon
the Sun as the Earth is or the moon
around<00:03:43.560> the<00:03:43.680> earth<00:03:44.040> these<00:03:44.159> are<00:03:44.319> the<00:03:44.599> natural
around the earth these are the natural
around the earth these are the natural
Curves<00:03:45.519> in<00:03:45.959> space<00:03:46.959> what<00:03:47.120> Einstein<00:03:47.599> did<00:03:47.799> not
Curves in space what Einstein did not
Curves in space what Einstein did not
realize<00:03:48.959> was<00:03:49.120> that<00:03:49.280> if<00:03:49.400> you<00:03:49.599> took<00:03:49.959> our<00:03:50.239> sun<00:03:51.159> and
realize was that if you took our sun and
realize was that if you took our sun and
you<00:03:51.599> crushed<00:03:52.159> it<00:03:52.640> down<00:03:52.799> to<00:03:53.040> 6<00:03:53.400> km<00:03:54.000> so<00:03:54.120> you<00:03:54.280> took
you crushed it down to 6 km so you took
you crushed it down to 6 km so you took
a<00:03:54.720> million<00:03:55.200> times<00:03:55.879> the<00:03:56.079> mass<00:03:56.319> of<00:03:56.480> the<00:03:56.640> Earth
a million times the mass of the Earth
a million times the mass of the Earth
and<00:03:57.400> you<00:03:57.640> crushed<00:03:58.079> it<00:03:58.439> to<00:03:58.680> 6<00:03:59.040> km<00:03:59.439> across
and you crushed it to 6 km across
and you crushed it to 6 km across
you<00:04:00.400> would<00:04:00.599> make<00:04:00.760> a<00:04:00.920> black<00:04:01.200> hole<00:04:01.799> an<00:04:02.040> object<00:04:02.599> so
you would make a black hole an object so
you would make a black hole an object so
dense<00:04:03.680> that<00:04:03.840> if<00:04:04.040> light<00:04:04.239> veered<00:04:04.599> too<00:04:04.879> close<00:04:05.280> it
dense that if light veered too close it
dense that if light veered too close it
would<00:04:05.599> never<00:04:05.959> escape<00:04:06.760> a<00:04:07.040> dark<00:04:07.360> shadow<00:04:08.079> against
would never escape a dark shadow against
would never escape a dark shadow against
the<00:04:08.519> universe<00:04:09.519> it<00:04:09.640> wasn't<00:04:09.959> Einstein<00:04:10.400> who
the universe it wasn't Einstein who
the universe it wasn't Einstein who
realized<00:04:11.079> this<00:04:11.360> it<00:04:11.480> was<00:04:11.920> uh<00:04:12.040> Carl<00:04:12.319> schwar
realized this it was uh Carl schwar
realized this it was uh Carl schwar
Shield<00:04:13.360> who<00:04:13.480> was<00:04:13.599> a<00:04:13.799> German<00:04:14.200> Jew<00:04:14.519> in<00:04:14.720> World<00:04:15.000> War
Shield who was a German Jew in World War
Shield who was a German Jew in World War
I<00:04:15.480> join<00:04:15.879> the<00:04:16.000> German<00:04:16.320> Army<00:04:16.680> already<00:04:17.040> an
I join the German Army already an
I join the German Army already an
accomplished<00:04:17.720> scientist<00:04:18.720> working<00:04:19.320> on<00:04:19.519> the<00:04:20.079> uh
accomplished scientist working on the uh
accomplished scientist working on the uh
Russian<00:04:20.720> front<00:04:21.720> who<00:04:22.040> I<00:04:22.160> like<00:04:22.280> to<00:04:22.440> imagine
Russian front who I like to imagine
Russian front who I like to imagine
short<00:04:23.120> shield<00:04:23.440> in<00:04:23.560> the<00:04:23.680> war<00:04:23.960> in<00:04:24.120> the<00:04:24.240> trenches
short shield in the war in the trenches
short shield in the war in the trenches
you<00:04:24.880> know<00:04:25.320> calculating<00:04:26.320> ballistic
you know calculating ballistic
you know calculating ballistic
trajectories<00:04:27.520> for<00:04:27.800> cannon<00:04:28.280> fire<00:04:29.080> and<00:04:29.280> then<00:04:29.759> in
trajectories for cannon fire and then in
trajectories for cannon fire and then in
between<00:04:30.360> calculating<00:04:30.919> Einstein's<00:04:31.479> equations
between calculating Einstein's equations
between calculating Einstein's equations
you<00:04:32.280> know<00:04:32.479> as<00:04:32.600> you<00:04:32.720> do<00:04:32.960> in<00:04:33.080> the<00:04:33.160> trenches<00:04:34.120> and
you know as you do in the trenches and
you know as you do in the trenches and
he<00:04:34.440> was<00:04:34.639> reading<00:04:35.160> Einstein's<00:04:35.880> recently
he was reading Einstein's recently
he was reading Einstein's recently
published<00:04:37.160> general<00:04:37.479> theory<00:04:37.840> of<00:04:37.960> relativity
published general theory of relativity
published general theory of relativity
and<00:04:39.000> he<00:04:39.120> was<00:04:39.280> thrilled<00:04:39.720> by<00:04:39.919> this<00:04:40.080> Theory<00:04:40.560> and
and he was thrilled by this Theory and
and he was thrilled by this Theory and
he<00:04:40.880> quickly<00:04:41.280> surmised<00:04:41.960> an<00:04:42.199> exact
he quickly surmised an exact
he quickly surmised an exact
mathematical<00:04:43.479> solution<00:04:44.320> that<00:04:44.479> described
mathematical solution that described
mathematical solution that described
something<00:04:45.400> very<00:04:45.800> extraordinary<00:04:46.800> curves<00:04:47.400> so
something very extraordinary curves so
something very extraordinary curves so
strong<00:04:48.600> that<00:04:48.960> space<00:04:49.320> would<00:04:49.560> rain<00:04:50.080> down<00:04:50.440> into
strong that space would rain down into
strong that space would rain down into
them<00:04:51.080> space<00:04:51.440> itself<00:04:51.840> would<00:04:52.080> curve<00:04:52.440> like<00:04:52.600> a
them space itself would curve like a
them space itself would curve like a
waterfall<00:04:53.880> flowing<00:04:54.400> down<00:04:54.639> the<00:04:54.800> throat<00:04:55.080> of<00:04:55.199> a
waterfall flowing down the throat of a
waterfall flowing down the throat of a
hole<00:04:56.080> and<00:04:56.360> even<00:04:56.840> light<00:04:57.240> could<00:04:57.440> not<00:04:57.720> escape
hole and even light could not escape
hole and even light could not escape
this<00:04:58.360> current<00:04:58.840> light<00:04:59.039> would<00:04:59.160> be<00:04:59.320> drag<00:04:59.960> down
this current light would be drag down
this current light would be drag down
the<00:05:00.240> hole<00:05:00.960> as<00:05:01.240> everything<00:05:01.560> else<00:05:01.840> would<00:05:02.000> be<00:05:02.199> and
the hole as everything else would be and
the hole as everything else would be and
all<00:05:02.720> that<00:05:02.880> would<00:05:03.039> be<00:05:03.280> left<00:05:03.520> would<00:05:03.680> be<00:05:03.800> a<00:05:04.240> shadow
all that would be left would be a shadow
all that would be left would be a shadow
now<00:05:05.440> he<00:05:05.600> wrote<00:05:05.840> to<00:05:06.120> Einstein<00:05:07.120> and<00:05:07.280> he<00:05:07.440> said<00:05:08.240> as
now he wrote to Einstein and he said as
now he wrote to Einstein and he said as
you<00:05:08.479> will<00:05:08.639> see<00:05:09.199> the<00:05:09.320> war<00:05:09.720> has<00:05:09.840> been<00:05:10.120> kind<00:05:10.400> to<00:05:10.520> me
you will see the war has been kind to me
you will see the war has been kind to me
enough<00:05:11.840> uh<00:05:12.039> between<00:05:12.560> despite<00:05:12.960> the<00:05:13.120> heavy
enough uh between despite the heavy
enough uh between despite the heavy
gunfire<00:05:14.800> um<00:05:15.160> I've<00:05:15.320> been<00:05:15.520> able<00:05:15.840> to<00:05:16.039> get<00:05:16.199> away
gunfire um I've been able to get away
gunfire um I've been able to get away
from<00:05:16.560> it<00:05:16.720> all<00:05:17.039> and<00:05:17.199> walk<00:05:17.479> through<00:05:17.680> the<00:05:17.800> land<00:05:18.120> of
from it all and walk through the land of
from it all and walk through the land of
your<00:05:18.520> ideas<00:05:19.479> and<00:05:19.639> Einstein<00:05:20.080> was<00:05:20.240> very
your ideas and Einstein was very
your ideas and Einstein was very
impressed<00:05:20.880> with<00:05:21.000> this<00:05:21.199> exact<00:05:21.520> solution<00:05:22.080> and
impressed with this exact solution and
impressed with this exact solution and
and<00:05:22.360> I<00:05:22.440> should<00:05:22.639> hope<00:05:22.919> also<00:05:23.199> the<00:05:23.360> dedication<00:05:23.880> of
and I should hope also the dedication of
and I should hope also the dedication of
the<00:05:24.280> scientist<00:05:25.280> um<00:05:25.360> you<00:05:25.479> know<00:05:25.560> this<00:05:25.639> is<00:05:26.199> the
the scientist um you know this is the
the scientist um you know this is the
hardworking<00:05:27.039> scientist<00:05:27.520> under<00:05:27.759> harsh
hardworking scientist under harsh
hardworking scientist under harsh
conditions<00:05:28.880> and<00:05:29.039> he<00:05:29.240> took<00:05:29.720> schwar<00:05:29.960> Shield's
conditions and he took schwar Shield's
conditions and he took schwar Shield's
idea<00:05:30.600> to<00:05:30.720> the<00:05:30.800> Prussian<00:05:31.160> Academy<00:05:31.520> of<00:05:31.680> Sciences
idea to the Prussian Academy of Sciences
idea to the Prussian Academy of Sciences
the<00:05:32.360> next<00:05:32.680> week<00:05:33.479> but<00:05:33.639> Einstein<00:05:34.280> always
the next week but Einstein always
the next week but Einstein always
thought<00:05:34.919> black<00:05:35.160> holes<00:05:35.560> were<00:05:35.720> a<00:05:35.919> mathematical
thought black holes were a mathematical
thought black holes were a mathematical
Oddity<00:05:37.199> he<00:05:37.360> did<00:05:37.520> not<00:05:37.880> believe<00:05:38.240> they<00:05:38.479> existed
Oddity he did not believe they existed
Oddity he did not believe they existed
in<00:05:39.600> nature<00:05:40.039> he<00:05:40.160> thought<00:05:40.400> nature<00:05:40.680> would
in nature he thought nature would
in nature he thought nature would
protect<00:05:41.520> us<00:05:42.120> from<00:05:42.319> their<00:05:42.520> formation<00:05:43.120> it<00:05:43.199> was
protect us from their formation it was
protect us from their formation it was
decades<00:05:44.520> before<00:05:44.800> the<00:05:44.960> term<00:05:45.360> black<00:05:45.759> hole<00:05:46.000> was
decades before the term black hole was
decades before the term black hole was
coined<00:05:46.919> and<00:05:47.080> people<00:05:47.400> realize<00:05:47.880> that<00:05:48.039> black
coined and people realize that black
coined and people realize that black
holes<00:05:48.479> are<00:05:48.720> real<00:05:49.120> astrophysical<00:05:49.960> objects<00:05:50.759> in
holes are real astrophysical objects in
holes are real astrophysical objects in
fact<00:05:51.120> they're<00:05:51.360> the<00:05:51.520> death<00:05:51.880> state<00:05:52.600> of<00:05:52.919> very
fact they're the death state of very
fact they're the death state of very
massive<00:05:53.720> stars<00:05:54.560> that<00:05:54.759> collapse
massive stars that collapse
massive stars that collapse
catastrophically<00:05:56.759> at<00:05:56.880> the<00:05:57.000> end<00:05:57.160> of<00:05:57.280> their
catastrophically at the end of their
catastrophically at the end of their
lifetime<00:05:58.479> now<00:05:58.639> our<00:05:58.880> sun<00:05:59.240> will<00:05:59.400> not<00:05:59.800> collapse
lifetime now our sun will not collapse
lifetime now our sun will not collapse
to<00:06:00.319> a<00:06:00.440> black<00:06:00.680> hole<00:06:00.960> it's<00:06:01.160> actually<00:06:01.440> not
to a black hole it's actually not
to a black hole it's actually not
massive<00:06:02.120> enough<00:06:02.840> but<00:06:02.960> if<00:06:03.080> we<00:06:03.199> did<00:06:03.319> a<00:06:03.440> little
massive enough but if we did a little
massive enough but if we did a little
thought<00:06:04.080> experiment<00:06:04.680> as<00:06:04.840> Einstein<00:06:05.280> was<00:06:05.440> very
thought experiment as Einstein was very
thought experiment as Einstein was very
fond<00:06:06.360> of<00:06:06.560> doing<00:06:07.120> we<00:06:07.240> could<00:06:07.479> imagine<00:06:08.080> putting
fond of doing we could imagine putting
fond of doing we could imagine putting
the<00:06:08.840> sun<00:06:09.400> crushed<00:06:09.919> down<00:06:10.160> to<00:06:10.400> 6<00:06:10.720> kilm<00:06:11.560> and
the sun crushed down to 6 kilm and
the sun crushed down to 6 kilm and
putting<00:06:11.960> a<00:06:12.280> tiny<00:06:12.759> little<00:06:13.080> Earth<00:06:13.800> around<00:06:14.120> it<00:06:14.360> in
putting a tiny little Earth around it in
putting a tiny little Earth around it in
orbit<00:06:14.960> maybe<00:06:15.240> 30<00:06:15.720> kilometers<00:06:16.680> outside<00:06:17.280> of<00:06:17.720> of
orbit maybe 30 kilometers outside of of
orbit maybe 30 kilometers outside of of
the<00:06:18.000> Black<00:06:18.280> Hole<00:06:18.599> Sun<00:06:19.400> and<00:06:19.560> it<00:06:19.680> would<00:06:20.000> be
the Black Hole Sun and it would be
the Black Hole Sun and it would be
self-illuminated<00:06:21.280> because<00:06:21.520> now<00:06:21.639> the<00:06:21.759> sun's
self-illuminated because now the sun's
self-illuminated because now the sun's
gone<00:06:22.360> we<00:06:22.479> have<00:06:22.599> no<00:06:22.759> other<00:06:22.880> source<00:06:23.160> of<00:06:23.319> light<00:06:23.599> so
gone we have no other source of light so
gone we have no other source of light so
let's<00:06:23.960> make<00:06:24.120> our<00:06:24.319> little<00:06:24.520> Earth
let's make our little Earth
let's make our little Earth
self-illuminated<00:06:26.360> and<00:06:26.599> you<00:06:26.680> would<00:06:26.880> realize
self-illuminated and you would realize
self-illuminated and you would realize
you<00:06:27.360> could<00:06:27.560> put<00:06:27.720> the<00:06:27.880> Earth<00:06:28.080> in<00:06:28.199> a<00:06:28.400> happy<00:06:28.720> orbit
you could put the Earth in a happy orbit
you could put the Earth in a happy orbit
even<00:06:29.599> 30<00:06:29.919> km<00:06:30.639> outside<00:06:31.160> of<00:06:31.440> this<00:06:32.240> uh<00:06:32.479> crushed
even 30 km outside of this uh crushed
even 30 km outside of this uh crushed
black<00:06:33.199> hole<00:06:33.560> this<00:06:33.680> crushed<00:06:34.039> black<00:06:34.199> hole
black hole this crushed black hole
black hole this crushed black hole
actually<00:06:35.120> would<00:06:35.360> fit<00:06:35.720> inside<00:06:36.240> Manhattan<00:06:36.840> more
actually would fit inside Manhattan more
actually would fit inside Manhattan more
or<00:06:37.160> less<00:06:37.680> it<00:06:37.800> would<00:06:38.000> it<00:06:38.080> might<00:06:38.280> spill<00:06:38.599> off<00:06:38.720> into
or less it would it might spill off into
or less it would it might spill off into
the<00:06:39.080> Hudson<00:06:39.599> a<00:06:39.680> little<00:06:39.880> bit<00:06:40.039> before<00:06:40.240> it
the Hudson a little bit before it
the Hudson a little bit before it
destroyed<00:06:40.759> the<00:06:40.840> Earth<00:06:41.280> but<00:06:41.400> you<00:06:41.479> know
destroyed the Earth but you know
destroyed the Earth but you know
basically<00:06:42.400> that's<00:06:42.639> what<00:06:42.759> we're<00:06:42.919> talking
basically that's what we're talking
basically that's what we're talking
we're<00:06:43.360> talking<00:06:43.599> about<00:06:43.720> an<00:06:43.919> object<00:06:44.160> that<00:06:44.240> you
we're talking about an object that you
we're talking about an object that you
could<00:06:44.520> crush<00:06:44.840> down<00:06:45.039> to<00:06:45.319> half<00:06:45.639> the<00:06:45.800> square<00:06:46.160> area
could crush down to half the square area
could crush down to half the square area
of<00:06:47.080> Manhattan<00:06:47.919> so<00:06:48.080> we<00:06:48.240> move<00:06:48.639> this<00:06:48.840> Earth<00:06:49.280> very
of Manhattan so we move this Earth very
of Manhattan so we move this Earth very
close<00:06:49.919> 30<00:06:50.280> kmers<00:06:50.840> outside<00:06:51.840> and<00:06:52.000> we<00:06:52.120> notice
close 30 kmers outside and we notice
close 30 kmers outside and we notice
it's<00:06:52.840> perfectly<00:06:53.280> fine<00:06:53.720> orbiting<00:06:54.160> around<00:06:54.400> the
it's perfectly fine orbiting around the
it's perfectly fine orbiting around the
black<00:06:54.720> hole<00:06:54.960> there's<00:06:55.080> a<00:06:55.240> sort<00:06:55.400> of<00:06:55.639> myth<00:06:56.240> that
black hole there's a sort of myth that
black hole there's a sort of myth that
black<00:06:56.599> holes<00:06:56.960> devour<00:06:57.639> everything<00:06:57.960> in<00:06:58.120> the
black holes devour everything in the
black holes devour everything in the
universe<00:06:58.639> but<00:06:58.759> you<00:06:58.879> actually<00:06:59.039> have<00:06:59.160> to<00:06:59.240> get
universe but you actually have to get
universe but you actually have to get
very<00:06:59.759> close<00:07:00.039> to<00:07:00.240> fall<00:07:00.479> in<00:07:01.199> but<00:07:01.400> what's<00:07:01.879> very
very close to fall in but what's very
very close to fall in but what's very
impressive<00:07:02.479> is<00:07:02.599> that<00:07:02.800> from<00:07:03.000> our<00:07:03.319> vantage
impressive is that from our vantage
impressive is that from our vantage
point<00:07:04.560> we<00:07:04.680> can<00:07:05.000> always<00:07:05.440> see<00:07:05.759> the<00:07:05.919> Earth<00:07:06.440> it
point we can always see the Earth it
point we can always see the Earth it
cannot<00:07:07.160> hide<00:07:07.560> behind<00:07:07.800> the<00:07:07.919> black<00:07:08.160> hole<00:07:08.759> the
cannot hide behind the black hole the
cannot hide behind the black hole the
light<00:07:09.199> from<00:07:09.440> the<00:07:09.560> earth<00:07:09.919> some<00:07:10.080> of<00:07:10.199> it<00:07:10.360> falls<00:07:10.639> in
light from the earth some of it falls in
light from the earth some of it falls in
but<00:07:11.000> some<00:07:11.160> of<00:07:11.280> it<00:07:11.400> gets<00:07:11.560> lensed<00:07:12.000> around<00:07:12.319> and
but some of it gets lensed around and
but some of it gets lensed around and
brought<00:07:12.800> back<00:07:13.000> to<00:07:13.199> us<00:07:13.720> so<00:07:13.919> you<00:07:14.120> can't<00:07:14.440> hide
brought back to us so you can't hide
brought back to us so you can't hide
anything<00:07:15.080> behind<00:07:15.360> a<00:07:15.560> black<00:07:15.759> hole<00:07:16.199> If<00:07:16.360> This
anything behind a black hole If This
anything behind a black hole If This
Were<00:07:17.000> battl<00:07:17.319> Star<00:07:17.599> Galactica<00:07:18.199> and<00:07:18.319> you're
Were battl Star Galactica and you're
Were battl Star Galactica and you're
fighting<00:07:18.759> the<00:07:18.919> syons<00:07:19.840> don't<00:07:20.280> hide<00:07:20.560> behind<00:07:20.879> the
fighting the syons don't hide behind the
fighting the syons don't hide behind the
black<00:07:21.319> hole<00:07:21.759> you<00:07:21.879> know<00:07:22.560> they<00:07:22.759> can<00:07:23.039> see<00:07:23.400> you
black hole you know they can see you
black hole you know they can see you
okay<00:07:24.919> now<00:07:25.520> our<00:07:25.759> sun<00:07:26.120> will<00:07:26.319> not<00:07:26.639> collapse<00:07:27.039> to<00:07:27.199> a
okay now our sun will not collapse to a
okay now our sun will not collapse to a
black<00:07:27.599> hole<00:07:27.919> it's<00:07:28.120> not<00:07:28.360> massive<00:07:28.720> enough<00:07:29.039> but
black hole it's not massive enough but
black hole it's not massive enough but
there<00:07:29.240> are<00:07:29.680> tens<00:07:30.000> of<00:07:30.240> thousands<00:07:30.639> of<00:07:30.840> black
there are tens of thousands of black
there are tens of thousands of black
holes<00:07:31.560> in<00:07:31.680> our<00:07:32.000> galaxy<00:07:33.000> and<00:07:33.240> if<00:07:33.479> one<00:07:33.759> were<00:07:33.960> to
holes in our galaxy and if one were to
holes in our galaxy and if one were to
eclipse<00:07:34.759> the<00:07:34.919> Milky<00:07:35.319> Way<00:07:36.039> this<00:07:36.160> is<00:07:36.319> what<00:07:36.479> it
eclipse the Milky Way this is what it
eclipse the Milky Way this is what it
would<00:07:36.759> look<00:07:37.000> like<00:07:37.240> we<00:07:37.360> would<00:07:37.599> see<00:07:38.000> a<00:07:38.319> shadow<00:07:39.319> of
would look like we would see a shadow of
would look like we would see a shadow of
that<00:07:39.720> black<00:07:40.000> hole<00:07:40.520> against<00:07:40.960> the<00:07:41.280> hundred
that black hole against the hundred
that black hole against the hundred
billion<00:07:42.199> stars<00:07:42.560> in<00:07:42.680> our<00:07:42.840> Milky<00:07:43.160> Way<00:07:43.400> galaxy
billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy
billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy
and<00:07:44.199> its<00:07:44.479> luminous<00:07:44.960> dust<00:07:45.280> lanes<00:07:45.680> and<00:07:45.800> if<00:07:45.919> we
and its luminous dust lanes and if we
and its luminous dust lanes and if we
were<00:07:46.159> to<00:07:46.319> fall<00:07:46.879> towards<00:07:47.400> this<00:07:47.599> black<00:07:47.879> hole<00:07:48.479> we
were to fall towards this black hole we
were to fall towards this black hole we
would<00:07:48.759> see<00:07:49.080> all<00:07:49.280> of<00:07:49.520> that<00:07:49.759> light<00:07:50.120> lensed
would see all of that light lensed
would see all of that light lensed
around<00:07:51.000> it<00:07:51.479> and<00:07:51.599> we<00:07:51.720> could<00:07:52.000> even<00:07:52.639> start<00:07:52.919> to
around it and we could even start to
around it and we could even start to
cross<00:07:53.599> into<00:07:53.919> that<00:07:54.120> shadow<00:07:54.720> and<00:07:54.919> really<00:07:55.199> not
cross into that shadow and really not
cross into that shadow and really not
notice<00:07:56.080> that<00:07:56.280> anything<00:07:56.639> dramatic<00:07:57.199> had
notice that anything dramatic had
notice that anything dramatic had
happened<00:07:58.319> it<00:07:58.400> would<00:07:58.560> be<00:07:58.759> bad<00:07:58.919> if<00:07:59.000> we<00:07:59.120> tried<00:07:59.319> to
happened it would be bad if we tried to
happened it would be bad if we tried to
fire<00:07:59.840> our<00:08:00.080> rockets<00:08:00.479> and<00:08:00.680> get<00:08:00.840> out<00:08:01.000> of<00:08:01.240> there
fire our rockets and get out of there
fire our rockets and get out of there
because<00:08:01.800> we<00:08:02.000> couldn't<00:08:02.759> any<00:08:02.919> more<00:08:03.120> than<00:08:03.319> light
because we couldn't any more than light
because we couldn't any more than light
can<00:08:03.800> escape<00:08:04.440> but<00:08:04.599> even<00:08:04.840> though<00:08:05.000> the<00:08:05.159> black
can escape but even though the black
can escape but even though the black
hole<00:08:05.639> is<00:08:05.879> dark<00:08:06.120> from<00:08:06.360> the<00:08:06.560> outside<00:08:07.479> it's<00:08:07.720> not
hole is dark from the outside it's not
hole is dark from the outside it's not
dark<00:08:08.400> on<00:08:08.560> the<00:08:08.759> inside<00:08:09.639> because<00:08:09.960> all<00:08:10.120> of<00:08:10.240> the
dark on the inside because all of the
dark on the inside because all of the
light<00:08:10.560> from<00:08:10.759> the<00:08:10.919> Galaxy<00:08:11.400> can<00:08:11.520> fall<00:08:11.800> in<00:08:12.039> behind
light from the Galaxy can fall in behind
light from the Galaxy can fall in behind
us<00:08:13.039> and<00:08:13.240> even<00:08:13.560> though<00:08:14.000> due<00:08:14.199> to<00:08:14.319> a<00:08:14.479> relativistic
us and even though due to a relativistic
us and even though due to a relativistic
effect<00:08:15.680> known<00:08:15.879> as<00:08:16.159> time<00:08:16.440> dilation<00:08:17.080> our<00:08:17.400> clocks
effect known as time dilation our clocks
effect known as time dilation our clocks
would<00:08:18.360> seem<00:08:18.639> to<00:08:18.840> slow<00:08:19.240> down<00:08:20.000> relative<00:08:20.680> to
would seem to slow down relative to
would seem to slow down relative to
Galactic<00:08:21.800> time<00:08:22.639> it<00:08:22.720> would<00:08:22.960> look<00:08:23.240> as<00:08:23.520> though
Galactic time it would look as though
Galactic time it would look as though
the<00:08:24.120> evolution<00:08:24.720> of<00:08:24.840> the<00:08:25.039> Galaxy<00:08:25.479> had<00:08:25.599> been
the evolution of the Galaxy had been
the evolution of the Galaxy had been
sped<00:08:26.159> up<00:08:26.319> and<00:08:26.479> shot<00:08:26.879> at<00:08:27.080> us<00:08:27.400> right<00:08:27.599> before<00:08:28.280> you
sped up and shot at us right before you
sped up and shot at us right before you
know<00:08:28.520> we<00:08:28.599> were<00:08:28.720> crushed<00:08:29.039> to<00:08:29.120> death<00:08:29.280> by<00:08:29.560> the
know we were crushed to death by the
know we were crushed to death by the
black<00:08:29.840> hole<00:08:30.280> it<00:08:30.360> would<00:08:30.520> be<00:08:30.759> like<00:08:31.000> a<00:08:31.280> um<00:08:31.639> a
black hole it would be like a um a
black hole it would be like a um a
near-death<00:08:32.519> experience<00:08:32.959> where<00:08:33.080> you<00:08:33.159> see<00:08:33.360> the
near-death experience where you see the
near-death experience where you see the
light<00:08:33.719> at<00:08:33.839> the<00:08:33.919> end<00:08:34.080> of<00:08:34.159> the<00:08:34.279> tunnel<00:08:34.719> but<00:08:34.800> it's
light at the end of the tunnel but it's
light at the end of the tunnel but it's
like<00:08:35.080> a<00:08:35.240> total<00:08:35.680> death
like a total death
like a total death
experience<00:08:38.399> and<00:08:38.519> there's<00:08:38.760> no<00:08:39.000> way<00:08:39.120> of<00:08:39.279> telling
experience and there's no way of telling
experience and there's no way of telling
anybody<00:08:40.200> about<00:08:40.399> the<00:08:40.560> light<00:08:40.800> at<00:08:40.919> the<00:08:41.000> end<00:08:41.120> of
anybody about the light at the end of
anybody about the light at the end of
the<00:08:41.760> tunnel<00:08:42.760> now<00:08:42.919> we've<00:08:43.200> never<00:08:43.440> seen<00:08:43.760> a<00:08:43.919> shadow
the tunnel now we've never seen a shadow
the tunnel now we've never seen a shadow
like<00:08:44.600> this<00:08:44.760> of<00:08:44.880> a<00:08:45.040> black<00:08:45.240> hole<00:08:46.040> but<00:08:46.279> black
like this of a black hole but black
like this of a black hole but black
holes<00:08:47.080> can<00:08:47.279> be<00:08:47.480> heard<00:08:47.920> even<00:08:48.160> if<00:08:48.279> they're<00:08:48.519> not
holes can be heard even if they're not
holes can be heard even if they're not
seen<00:08:49.880> uh<00:08:50.160> imagine<00:08:50.760> now<00:08:51.240> taking<00:08:51.640> an
seen uh imagine now taking an
seen uh imagine now taking an
astrophysically<00:08:52.680> realistic<00:08:53.279> situation
astrophysically realistic situation
astrophysically realistic situation
imagine<00:08:54.680> two<00:08:55.000> black<00:08:55.240> holes<00:08:55.560> that<00:08:55.680> have<00:08:55.839> lived
imagine two black holes that have lived
imagine two black holes that have lived
a<00:08:56.160> long<00:08:56.480> life<00:08:56.880> together<00:08:57.279> maybe<00:08:57.519> they<00:08:57.640> started
a long life together maybe they started
a long life together maybe they started
as<00:08:58.200> stars<00:08:58.560> and<00:08:58.800> collapsed<00:08:59.480> to<00:08:59.600> two<00:08:59.800> black
as stars and collapsed to two black
as stars and collapsed to two black
holes<00:09:00.680> each<00:09:00.880> one<00:09:01.279> 10<00:09:01.680> times<00:09:02.120> the<00:09:02.279> mass<00:09:02.519> of<00:09:02.640> the
holes each one 10 times the mass of the
holes each one 10 times the mass of the
Sun<00:09:03.360> so<00:09:03.560> now<00:09:03.680> we're<00:09:03.800> going<00:09:03.920> to<00:09:04.079> crush<00:09:04.399> them
Sun so now we're going to crush them
Sun so now we're going to crush them
down<00:09:04.760> to<00:09:05.040> 60<00:09:05.600> km<00:09:06.240> across<00:09:07.160> they<00:09:07.279> can<00:09:07.480> be
down to 60 km across they can be
down to 60 km across they can be
spinning<00:09:08.399> hundreds<00:09:09.000> of<00:09:09.279> times<00:09:09.720> a<00:09:09.959> second<00:09:10.720> at
spinning hundreds of times a second at
spinning hundreds of times a second at
the<00:09:10.959> end<00:09:11.160> of<00:09:11.320> their<00:09:11.519> lives<00:09:11.760> they're<00:09:11.959> going
the end of their lives they're going
the end of their lives they're going
around<00:09:12.560> each<00:09:12.720> other<00:09:13.519> very<00:09:13.800> near<00:09:14.120> the<00:09:14.240> speed<00:09:14.519> of
around each other very near the speed of
around each other very near the speed of
light<00:09:15.399> so<00:09:15.519> they're<00:09:15.720> Crossing<00:09:16.320> thousands<00:09:16.760> of
light so they're Crossing thousands of
light so they're Crossing thousands of
kilometers<00:09:17.560> in<00:09:17.680> a<00:09:17.920> fraction<00:09:18.399> of<00:09:18.519> a<00:09:18.720> second<00:09:19.480> and
kilometers in a fraction of a second and
kilometers in a fraction of a second and
as<00:09:19.880> they<00:09:20.040> do<00:09:20.240> so<00:09:20.480> they<00:09:20.600> not<00:09:20.760> only<00:09:21.079> curve<00:09:21.480> space
as they do so they not only curve space
as they do so they not only curve space
but<00:09:22.040> they<00:09:22.160> leave<00:09:22.519> behind<00:09:22.800> in<00:09:22.959> their<00:09:23.160> wake<00:09:23.880> a
but they leave behind in their wake a
but they leave behind in their wake a
ringing<00:09:24.800> of<00:09:25.079> space<00:09:25.560> an<00:09:25.760> actual<00:09:26.200> wave<00:09:26.680> on
ringing of space an actual wave on
ringing of space an actual wave on
SpaceTime<00:09:27.839> space<00:09:28.240> squeezes<00:09:28.800> and<00:09:29.000> stretch<00:09:29.560> Es
SpaceTime space squeezes and stretch Es
SpaceTime space squeezes and stretch Es
as<00:09:29.839> it<00:09:30.000> emanates<00:09:30.600> out<00:09:30.839> from<00:09:31.079> these<00:09:31.279> black
as it emanates out from these black
as it emanates out from these black
holes<00:09:31.920> banging<00:09:32.279> on<00:09:32.440> the<00:09:32.600> universe<00:09:33.440> and<00:09:33.560> they
holes banging on the universe and they
holes banging on the universe and they
travel<00:09:34.200> out<00:09:34.440> into<00:09:34.640> the<00:09:34.760> world<00:09:35.519> uh<00:09:35.600> into<00:09:35.800> the
travel out into the world uh into the
travel out into the world uh into the
cosmos<00:09:36.399> at<00:09:36.560> the<00:09:36.680> speed<00:09:36.880> of<00:09:37.079> light<00:09:37.800> this<00:09:38.440> uh
cosmos at the speed of light this uh
cosmos at the speed of light this uh
computer<00:09:39.160> simulation<00:09:39.800> is<00:09:40.000> due<00:09:40.200> to<00:09:40.519> a
computer simulation is due to a
computer simulation is due to a
relativity<00:09:41.160> group<00:09:41.360> at<00:09:41.480> Nasa<00:09:41.839> Goddard<00:09:42.519> it<00:09:42.640> took
relativity group at Nasa Goddard it took
relativity group at Nasa Goddard it took
almost<00:09:43.160> 30<00:09:43.519> years<00:09:43.720> for<00:09:43.959> anyone<00:09:44.279> in<00:09:44.440> the<00:09:44.560> world
almost 30 years for anyone in the world
almost 30 years for anyone in the world
to<00:09:45.000> crack<00:09:45.399> this<00:09:45.640> problem<00:09:46.000> this<00:09:46.120> was<00:09:46.279> one<00:09:46.399> of
to crack this problem this was one of
to crack this problem this was one of
the<00:09:46.640> groups<00:09:47.360> it<00:09:47.480> shows<00:09:47.880> two<00:09:48.120> black<00:09:48.320> holes<00:09:48.560> in
the groups it shows two black holes in
the groups it shows two black holes in
orbit<00:09:49.000> around<00:09:49.320> each<00:09:49.440> other<00:09:49.760> again<00:09:50.000> with<00:09:50.120> these
orbit around each other again with these
orbit around each other again with these
helpfully<00:09:50.880> painted<00:09:51.399> curves<00:09:52.200> and<00:09:52.360> if<00:09:52.480> you<00:09:52.640> can
helpfully painted curves and if you can
helpfully painted curves and if you can
see<00:09:53.399> it's<00:09:53.640> kind<00:09:53.760> of<00:09:53.959> faint<00:09:54.399> but<00:09:54.560> if<00:09:54.680> you<00:09:54.800> can
see it's kind of faint but if you can
see it's kind of faint but if you can
see<00:09:55.240> the<00:09:55.440> red<00:09:55.800> waves<00:09:56.320> emanating<00:09:56.959> out<00:09:57.839> those
see the red waves emanating out those
see the red waves emanating out those
are<00:09:58.320> the<00:09:58.560> gravitational<00:09:59.399> waves<00:09:59.640> they<00:09:59.760> are
are the gravitational waves they are
are the gravitational waves they are
literally<00:10:00.320> the<00:10:00.519> sounds<00:10:01.000> of<00:10:01.240> space<00:10:01.600> ringing
literally the sounds of space ringing
literally the sounds of space ringing
and<00:10:02.440> they<00:10:02.519> will<00:10:02.720> travel<00:10:03.120> out<00:10:03.320> from<00:10:03.560> these
and they will travel out from these
and they will travel out from these
black<00:10:03.959> holes<00:10:04.240> at<00:10:04.399> the<00:10:04.480> speed<00:10:04.720> of<00:10:04.880> light<00:10:05.120> as
black holes at the speed of light as
black holes at the speed of light as
they<00:10:05.480> ring<00:10:05.959> down<00:10:06.640> and<00:10:06.880> coales<00:10:07.800> to<00:10:08.079> one
they ring down and coales to one
they ring down and coales to one
spinning<00:10:09.480> quiet<00:10:09.959> black<00:10:10.200> hole<00:10:10.519> at<00:10:10.600> the<00:10:10.680> end<00:10:10.839> of
spinning quiet black hole at the end of
spinning quiet black hole at the end of
the<00:10:11.120> day<00:10:11.760> if<00:10:11.880> you<00:10:11.959> were<00:10:12.200> standing<00:10:12.680> near<00:10:13.040> enough
the day if you were standing near enough
the day if you were standing near enough
your<00:10:14.000> ear<00:10:14.480> would<00:10:14.839> resonate<00:10:15.839> with<00:10:16.000> the
your ear would resonate with the
your ear would resonate with the
squeezing<00:10:16.680> and<00:10:16.839> stretching<00:10:17.279> of<00:10:17.519> space<00:10:17.959> you
squeezing and stretching of space you
squeezing and stretching of space you
would<00:10:18.360> literally<00:10:18.880> hear<00:10:19.200> the<00:10:19.360> sound<00:10:20.040> now<00:10:20.160> of
would literally hear the sound now of
would literally hear the sound now of
course<00:10:20.480> your<00:10:20.720> head<00:10:21.000> would<00:10:21.160> be<00:10:21.279> squeezed<00:10:21.680> and
course your head would be squeezed and
course your head would be squeezed and
stretched<00:10:22.640> unhelpfully<00:10:23.360> so<00:10:23.480> you<00:10:23.560> might<00:10:23.680> have
stretched unhelpfully so you might have
stretched unhelpfully so you might have
trouble<00:10:24.600> understanding<00:10:24.839> what's<00:10:25.079> going<00:10:25.519> on
trouble understanding what's going on
trouble understanding what's going on
but<00:10:26.920> um<00:10:27.320> I'd<00:10:27.480> like<00:10:27.640> to<00:10:27.880> play<00:10:28.120> for<00:10:28.320> you<00:10:28.519> the
but um I'd like to play for you the
but um I'd like to play for you the
sound<00:10:29.720> uh<00:10:29.920> that<00:10:30.079> we<00:10:30.320> predict<00:10:30.920> this<00:10:31.079> is<00:10:31.399> from<00:10:31.720> my
sound uh that we predict this is from my
sound uh that we predict this is from my
group<00:10:32.279> a<00:10:32.440> slightly<00:10:32.800> less<00:10:33.360> glamorous<00:10:34.360> um
group a slightly less glamorous um
group a slightly less glamorous um
computer<00:10:35.079> modeling<00:10:35.720> but<00:10:36.160> imagine<00:10:36.760> a<00:10:37.000> lighter
computer modeling but imagine a lighter
computer modeling but imagine a lighter
black<00:10:37.800> hole<00:10:38.200> falling<00:10:38.600> into<00:10:38.920> a<00:10:39.040> very<00:10:39.279> heavy
black hole falling into a very heavy
black hole falling into a very heavy
black<00:10:39.800> hole<00:10:40.320> the<00:10:40.480> sound<00:10:40.800> you're<00:10:41.040> hearing<00:10:41.800> is<00:10:41.959> a
black hole the sound you're hearing is a
black hole the sound you're hearing is a
light<00:10:42.399> black<00:10:42.639> hole<00:10:43.079> banging<00:10:44.079> on<00:10:44.440> Space<00:10:45.160> each
light black hole banging on Space each
light black hole banging on Space each
time<00:10:45.600> it<00:10:45.720> gets<00:10:46.000> close<00:10:46.639> if<00:10:46.720> it<00:10:46.880> gets<00:10:47.079> far<00:10:47.320> away
time it gets close if it gets far away
time it gets close if it gets far away
it's<00:10:47.680> a<00:10:47.760> little<00:10:47.959> too<00:10:48.680> quiet<00:10:49.680> but<00:10:49.800> it<00:10:49.959> comes<00:10:50.160> in
it's a little too quiet but it comes in
it's a little too quiet but it comes in
like<00:10:50.480> a<00:10:50.600> mallet<00:10:51.320> and<00:10:51.440> it<00:10:51.800> literally<00:10:52.320> cracks
like a mallet and it literally cracks
like a mallet and it literally cracks
space<00:10:53.720> wobbling<00:10:54.240> it<00:10:54.399> like<00:10:54.519> a<00:10:54.680> drum<00:10:55.519> and<00:10:55.639> we<00:10:55.800> can
space wobbling it like a drum and we can
space wobbling it like a drum and we can
predict<00:10:57.279> what<00:10:57.440> the<00:10:57.560> sound<00:10:57.880> will<00:10:58.079> be<00:10:58.720> we<00:10:58.880> know
predict what the sound will be we know
predict what the sound will be we know
that<00:10:59.360> as<00:10:59.519> it<00:10:59.639> falls<00:10:59.920> in<00:11:00.120> it<00:11:00.279> gets<00:11:00.600> faster<00:11:01.279> and
that as it falls in it gets faster and
that as it falls in it gets faster and
it<00:11:01.560> gets<00:11:01.800> louder<00:11:02.800> and<00:11:03.120> eventually<00:11:04.120> we're
it gets louder and eventually we're
it gets louder and eventually we're
going<00:11:04.360> to<00:11:04.519> hear<00:11:04.720> the<00:11:04.880> little<00:11:05.200> guy<00:11:05.680> just<00:11:05.839> fall
going to hear the little guy just fall
going to hear the little guy just fall
into<00:11:06.399> the<00:11:06.519> bigger
guy<00:11:24.880> and<00:11:25.000> it's<00:11:25.440> gone<00:11:26.440> now<00:11:26.800> I've<00:11:26.920> never<00:11:27.120> heard
guy and it's gone now I've never heard
guy and it's gone now I've never heard
it<00:11:27.440> that<00:11:27.560> loud<00:11:27.800> it's<00:11:27.959> actually<00:11:28.160> more<00:11:28.360> dramatic
it that loud it's actually more dramatic
it that loud it's actually more dramatic
at<00:11:28.920> home<00:11:29.360> sounds<00:11:29.639> kind<00:11:29.760> of<00:11:29.920> anticlimactic
at home sounds kind of anticlimactic
at home sounds kind of anticlimactic
it's<00:11:31.079> like<00:11:31.240> ding<00:11:31.440> ding<00:11:31.680> ding<00:11:32.480> um<00:11:33.120> this<00:11:33.360> is<00:11:34.000> uh
it's like ding ding ding um this is uh
it's like ding ding ding um this is uh
another<00:11:35.320> sound<00:11:36.000> from<00:11:36.240> my<00:11:36.480> group<00:11:37.440> now<00:11:37.639> I'm<00:11:37.760> not
another sound from my group now I'm not
another sound from my group now I'm not
showing<00:11:38.200> you<00:11:38.320> any<00:11:38.519> images<00:11:39.079> because<00:11:39.399> black
showing you any images because black
showing you any images because black
holes<00:11:40.040> don't<00:11:40.320> leave<00:11:40.639> behind<00:11:41.079> helpful<00:11:41.519> Trails
holes don't leave behind helpful Trails
holes don't leave behind helpful Trails
of<00:11:42.079> ink<00:11:42.800> and<00:11:43.120> space<00:11:43.440> is<00:11:43.600> not<00:11:43.880> painted<00:11:44.360> showing
of ink and space is not painted showing
of ink and space is not painted showing
you<00:11:44.800> the
you the
you the
curves<00:11:46.560> but<00:11:46.680> if<00:11:46.760> you<00:11:46.839> were<00:11:46.959> to<00:11:47.440> float<00:11:47.920> by<00:11:48.279> in
curves but if you were to float by in
curves but if you were to float by in
space<00:11:48.920> on<00:11:49.079> a<00:11:49.240> space<00:11:49.639> holiday<00:11:50.200> and<00:11:50.320> you<00:11:50.440> heard
space on a space holiday and you heard
space on a space holiday and you heard
this<00:11:51.600> you<00:11:51.720> want<00:11:51.800> to<00:11:52.120> get
this you want to get
this you want to get
moving<00:11:54.959> want<00:11:55.079> to<00:11:55.200> get<00:11:55.360> away<00:11:55.519> from<00:11:55.680> the
moving want to get away from the
moving want to get away from the
sound<00:11:57.440> both<00:11:57.680> black<00:11:57.880> holes<00:11:58.079> are<00:11:58.240> moving<00:11:58.959> both
sound both black holes are moving both
sound both black holes are moving both
black<00:11:59.480> holes<00:11:59.720> are<00:11:59.800> getting<00:12:00.040> closer<00:12:00.600> together
black holes are getting closer together
black holes are getting closer together
in<00:12:01.760> this<00:12:01.959> case<00:12:02.160> they're<00:12:02.360> both<00:12:02.600> wobbling<00:12:03.120> quite
in this case they're both wobbling quite
in this case they're both wobbling quite
a
a
a
lot<00:12:05.480> and<00:12:05.560> then<00:12:05.680> they're<00:12:05.800> going<00:12:05.880> to
merge<00:12:15.040> and<00:12:15.199> it's<00:12:15.360> gone<00:12:16.240> now<00:12:16.440> that<00:12:16.639> chirp<00:12:17.320> is
merge and it's gone now that chirp is
merge and it's gone now that chirp is
very<00:12:17.920> characteristic<00:12:18.600> of<00:12:18.800> black<00:12:19.040> holes
very characteristic of black holes
very characteristic of black holes
merging<00:12:19.760> that<00:12:19.880> it<00:12:20.079> chirps<00:12:20.600> up<00:12:21.160> at<00:12:21.320> the<00:12:21.720> end<00:12:22.720> now
merging that it chirps up at the end now
merging that it chirps up at the end now
that's<00:12:23.800> our<00:12:24.079> prediction<00:12:24.600> for<00:12:24.839> what<00:12:25.000> we'll<00:12:25.240> see
that's our prediction for what we'll see
that's our prediction for what we'll see
luckily<00:12:26.560> we're<00:12:26.720> at<00:12:26.839> this<00:12:27.040> safe<00:12:27.320> distance<00:12:27.639> in
luckily we're at this safe distance in
luckily we're at this safe distance in
Long<00:12:27.959> Beach<00:12:28.279> California<00:12:28.800> and<00:12:29.199> surely
Long Beach California and surely
Long Beach California and surely
somewhere<00:12:30.000> in<00:12:30.120> the<00:12:30.240> universe<00:12:30.720> two<00:12:31.000> black
somewhere in the universe two black
somewhere in the universe two black
holes<00:12:31.560> have<00:12:31.720> merged<00:12:32.560> and<00:12:32.880> surely<00:12:33.639> the<00:12:33.839> space
holes have merged and surely the space
holes have merged and surely the space
around<00:12:34.600> us<00:12:35.079> is<00:12:35.360> ringing<00:12:36.360> after<00:12:36.720> maybe
around us is ringing after maybe
around us is ringing after maybe
traveling<00:12:37.560> a<00:12:37.720> million<00:12:38.240> light<00:12:38.600> years<00:12:38.880> or<00:12:39.040> a
traveling a million light years or a
traveling a million light years or a
million<00:12:39.639> years<00:12:40.279> at<00:12:40.440> the<00:12:40.560> speed<00:12:40.800> of<00:12:40.959> light<00:12:41.160> to
million years at the speed of light to
million years at the speed of light to
get<00:12:41.519> to<00:12:41.720> us<00:12:42.440> but<00:12:42.680> the<00:12:42.880> sound<00:12:43.320> is<00:12:43.519> too<00:12:43.880> quiet<00:12:44.240> for
get to us but the sound is too quiet for
get to us but the sound is too quiet for
any<00:12:44.639> of<00:12:44.760> us<00:12:44.880> to<00:12:45.040> ever<00:12:45.399> here<00:12:46.000> there<00:12:46.120> are<00:12:46.480> very
any of us to ever here there are very
any of us to ever here there are very
industrious<00:12:47.760> experiments<00:12:48.320> being<00:12:48.519> built<00:12:48.800> on
industrious experiments being built on
industrious experiments being built on
Earth<00:12:49.320> one<00:12:49.519> called<00:12:49.839> ligo<00:12:50.800> which<00:12:50.920> will<00:12:51.240> detect
Earth one called ligo which will detect
Earth one called ligo which will detect
deviations<00:12:52.800> in<00:12:52.959> the<00:12:53.160> squeezing<00:12:53.600> and
deviations in the squeezing and
deviations in the squeezing and
stretching<00:12:54.199> of<00:12:54.480> space<00:12:55.199> at<00:12:55.560> less<00:12:55.880> than<00:12:56.040> the
stretching of space at less than the
stretching of space at less than the
fraction<00:12:56.880> of<00:12:57.000> a<00:12:57.160> nucleus<00:12:57.720> of<00:12:57.880> an<00:12:58.120> atom<00:12:58.760> over<00:12:59.199> 4
fraction of a nucleus of an atom over 4
fraction of a nucleus of an atom over 4
kilm<00:13:00.240> it's<00:13:00.360> a<00:13:00.600> remarkably<00:13:01.240> ambitious
kilm it's a remarkably ambitious
kilm it's a remarkably ambitious
experiment<00:13:02.360> and<00:13:02.480> it's<00:13:02.639> going<00:13:02.800> to<00:13:02.920> be<00:13:03.480> Advanced
experiment and it's going to be Advanced
experiment and it's going to be Advanced
sensitivity<00:13:05.160> within<00:13:05.360> the<00:13:05.519> next<00:13:05.800> few<00:13:06.120> years<00:13:06.639> to
sensitivity within the next few years to
sensitivity within the next few years to
pick<00:13:07.040> this<00:13:07.279> up<00:13:07.639> there's<00:13:07.880> also<00:13:08.079> a<00:13:08.240> mission
pick this up there's also a mission
pick this up there's also a mission
proposed<00:13:09.079> for<00:13:09.360> space<00:13:10.000> which<00:13:10.240> hopefully<00:13:10.600> will
proposed for space which hopefully will
proposed for space which hopefully will
launch<00:13:11.120> in<00:13:11.279> the<00:13:11.440> next<00:13:11.720> 10<00:13:11.959> years<00:13:12.240> called<00:13:12.560> Lisa
launch in the next 10 years called Lisa
launch in the next 10 years called Lisa
and<00:13:13.920> Lisa<00:13:14.399> will<00:13:14.560> be<00:13:14.720> able<00:13:14.920> to<00:13:15.040> see<00:13:15.440> super
and Lisa will be able to see super
and Lisa will be able to see super
massive<00:13:16.360> black<00:13:16.560> holes<00:13:17.160> black<00:13:17.399> holes<00:13:17.760> millions
massive black holes black holes millions
massive black holes black holes millions
or<00:13:18.600> billions<00:13:19.199> of<00:13:19.519> times<00:13:19.920> the<00:13:20.079> mass<00:13:20.399> of<00:13:20.560> the<00:13:20.680> Sun
or billions of times the mass of the Sun
or billions of times the mass of the Sun
in<00:13:21.600> this<00:13:21.800> Hubble<00:13:22.279> image<00:13:22.639> we<00:13:22.760> see<00:13:23.160> two<00:13:23.440> galaxies
in this Hubble image we see two galaxies
in this Hubble image we see two galaxies
they<00:13:24.600> look<00:13:24.800> like<00:13:24.959> they're<00:13:25.240> frozen<00:13:25.959> and<00:13:26.199> some
they look like they're frozen and some
they look like they're frozen and some
Embrace<00:13:27.240> and<00:13:27.680> each<00:13:27.920> one<00:13:28.440> probably<00:13:28.760> har<00:13:29.320> is<00:13:29.440> a
Embrace and each one probably har is a
Embrace and each one probably har is a
super<00:13:29.959> massive<00:13:30.399> black<00:13:30.639> hole<00:13:31.000> at<00:13:31.160> its<00:13:31.800> core<00:13:32.800> but
super massive black hole at its core but
super massive black hole at its core but
they're<00:13:33.959> not<00:13:34.279> frozen<00:13:35.000> they're<00:13:35.320> actually
they're not frozen they're actually
they're not frozen they're actually
merging<00:13:36.440> these<00:13:36.600> two<00:13:36.760> black<00:13:36.959> holes<00:13:37.199> are
merging these two black holes are
merging these two black holes are
colliding<00:13:38.440> and<00:13:38.560> they<00:13:38.680> will<00:13:38.880> merge<00:13:39.240> over<00:13:39.480> a
colliding and they will merge over a
colliding and they will merge over a
billion-year<00:13:40.440> time<00:13:40.680> scale<00:13:41.079> it's<00:13:41.360> beyond<00:13:42.160> our
billion-year time scale it's beyond our
billion-year time scale it's beyond our
human<00:13:42.920> perception<00:13:43.480> to<00:13:43.800> pick<00:13:44.000> up<00:13:44.480> a<00:13:44.639> song<00:13:45.199> of
human perception to pick up a song of
human perception to pick up a song of
that<00:13:45.560> duration<00:13:46.519> but<00:13:46.680> Lisa<00:13:47.120> could<00:13:47.279> see<00:13:47.560> the
that duration but Lisa could see the
that duration but Lisa could see the
final<00:13:48.279> stages<00:13:48.959> of<00:13:49.079> two<00:13:49.399> super<00:13:49.760> massive<00:13:50.160> black
final stages of two super massive black
final stages of two super massive black
holes<00:13:50.720> earlier<00:13:51.079> in<00:13:51.199> the<00:13:51.320> universe's<00:13:51.880> history
holes earlier in the universe's history
holes earlier in the universe's history
the<00:13:52.480> last<00:13:52.759> 15<00:13:53.240> minutes<00:13:53.959> before<00:13:54.240> they<00:13:54.399> fall
the last 15 minutes before they fall
the last 15 minutes before they fall
together<00:13:55.839> and<00:13:55.959> it's<00:13:56.199> not<00:13:56.480> just<00:13:56.800> black<00:13:57.079> holes
together and it's not just black holes
together and it's not just black holes
but<00:13:57.839> it's<00:13:58.120> also<00:13:58.560> any<00:13:58.800> big<00:13:59.240> disturbance<00:13:59.680> in<00:13:59.759> the
but it's also any big disturbance in the
but it's also any big disturbance in the
universe<00:14:00.320> and<00:14:00.440> the<00:14:00.639> biggest<00:14:01.000> of<00:14:01.120> them<00:14:01.320> all<00:14:01.639> is
universe and the biggest of them all is
universe and the biggest of them all is
the<00:14:02.000> big<00:14:02.279> bang<00:14:02.959> you<00:14:03.040> know<00:14:03.199> when<00:14:03.360> that
the big bang you know when that
the big bang you know when that
expression<00:14:04.040> was<00:14:04.199> coined<00:14:04.600> it<00:14:04.720> was<00:14:04.959> derisive
expression was coined it was derisive
expression was coined it was derisive
like<00:14:05.959> oh<00:14:06.120> who<00:14:06.240> would<00:14:06.399> believe<00:14:06.639> in<00:14:06.720> a<00:14:06.839> big<00:14:07.120> bang
like oh who would believe in a big bang
like oh who would believe in a big bang
you<00:14:07.759> know<00:14:08.160> but<00:14:08.320> now<00:14:08.480> it<00:14:08.680> actually<00:14:08.959> might<00:14:09.120> be
you know but now it actually might be
you know but now it actually might be
more<00:14:09.519> technically<00:14:10.040> accurate<00:14:10.399> because<00:14:10.519> it
more technically accurate because it
more technically accurate because it
might<00:14:10.880> bang<00:14:11.839> it<00:14:12.000> might<00:14:12.199> make<00:14:12.360> a<00:14:12.519> sound<00:14:13.440> this
might bang it might make a sound this
might bang it might make a sound this
animation<00:14:14.360> from<00:14:14.560> my<00:14:14.680> friends<00:14:14.920> at<00:14:15.160> proton
animation from my friends at proton
animation from my friends at proton
Studio<00:14:16.079> shows<00:14:16.560> looking<00:14:16.839> at<00:14:17.000> the<00:14:17.160> Big<00:14:17.320> Bang
Studio shows looking at the Big Bang
Studio shows looking at the Big Bang
from<00:14:17.759> the<00:14:17.920> outside<00:14:18.399> we<00:14:18.519> don't<00:14:18.680> ever<00:14:18.880> want<00:14:19.000> to
from the outside we don't ever want to
from the outside we don't ever want to
do<00:14:19.360> that<00:14:19.600> actually<00:14:20.160> we<00:14:20.279> want<00:14:20.399> to<00:14:20.519> be<00:14:20.839> inside
do that actually we want to be inside
do that actually we want to be inside
the<00:14:21.480> universe<00:14:21.880> because<00:14:22.000> there's<00:14:22.199> no<00:14:22.360> such
the universe because there's no such
the universe because there's no such
thing<00:14:22.680> as<00:14:22.839> standing<00:14:23.279> outside<00:14:23.720> the<00:14:23.839> universe
thing as standing outside the universe
thing as standing outside the universe
so<00:14:24.399> imagine<00:14:25.079> you're<00:14:25.480> inside<00:14:25.959> the<00:14:26.079> Big<00:14:26.279> Bang
so imagine you're inside the Big Bang
so imagine you're inside the Big Bang
it's<00:14:26.800> everywhere<00:14:27.199> it's<00:14:27.399> all<00:14:27.639> around<00:14:27.880> you<00:14:28.040> in
it's everywhere it's all around you in
it's everywhere it's all around you in
the<00:14:28.279> space<00:14:28.519> is<00:14:28.800> WI<00:14:29.079> wobbling<00:14:30.199> chaotically<00:14:31.199> 14
the space is WI wobbling chaotically 14
the space is WI wobbling chaotically 14
billion<00:14:32.240> years<00:14:32.639> pass<00:14:32.880> and<00:14:33.079> this<00:14:33.240> song<00:14:33.600> is
billion years pass and this song is
billion years pass and this song is
still<00:14:33.959> ringing<00:14:34.519> all<00:14:34.720> around<00:14:35.079> us<00:14:35.720> galaxies
still ringing all around us galaxies
still ringing all around us galaxies
form<00:14:37.279> and<00:14:37.759> generations<00:14:38.320> of<00:14:38.560> stars<00:14:38.880> form<00:14:39.199> in
form and generations of stars form in
form and generations of stars form in
those<00:14:39.600> galaxies<00:14:40.079> and<00:14:40.279> around<00:14:40.759> one<00:14:41.199> star<00:14:42.040> at
those galaxies and around one star at
those galaxies and around one star at
least<00:14:42.639> one<00:14:42.959> star<00:14:43.560> is<00:14:43.720> a<00:14:43.959> habitable<00:14:44.519> planet<00:14:45.279> and
least one star is a habitable planet and
least one star is a habitable planet and
here<00:14:45.720> we<00:14:45.880> are<00:14:46.560> frantically<00:14:47.160> building<00:14:47.639> these
here we are frantically building these
here we are frantically building these
experiments<00:14:48.440> doing<00:14:48.759> these<00:14:48.959> calculations
experiments doing these calculations
experiments doing these calculations
writing<00:14:49.839> these<00:14:50.000> computer<00:14:50.440> codes<00:14:51.240> imagine<00:14:51.759> a
writing these computer codes imagine a
writing these computer codes imagine a
billion<00:14:52.519> years<00:14:52.800> ago<00:14:53.480> two<00:14:53.839> black<00:14:54.120> holes
billion years ago two black holes
billion years ago two black holes
collided<00:14:55.920> that<00:14:56.120> song<00:14:56.519> has<00:14:56.720> been<00:14:57.360> ringing
collided that song has been ringing
collided that song has been ringing
through<00:14:58.279> space<00:14:58.639> for<00:14:58.800> all<00:14:59.040> all<00:14:59.240> that<00:14:59.440> time<00:14:59.639> we
through space for all all that time we
through space for all all that time we
weren't<00:15:00.079> even<00:15:00.399> here<00:15:00.800> you<00:15:00.920> know<00:15:01.320> it<00:15:01.480> gets
weren't even here you know it gets
weren't even here you know it gets
closer<00:15:02.120> and<00:15:02.320> closer<00:15:02.720> 40,000<00:15:03.320> years<00:15:03.480> ago<00:15:03.680> we're
closer and closer 40,000 years ago we're
closer and closer 40,000 years ago we're
still<00:15:03.959> doing<00:15:04.240> cave<00:15:04.480> paintings<00:15:05.199> it's<00:15:05.320> like
still doing cave paintings it's like
still doing cave paintings it's like
hurry<00:15:05.880> build<00:15:06.120> your<00:15:06.279> instruments<00:15:06.800> it's
hurry build your instruments it's
hurry build your instruments it's
getting<00:15:07.320> closer<00:15:07.720> and<00:15:07.959> closer<00:15:08.759> and<00:15:08.880> in<00:15:09.279> 20
getting closer and closer and in 20
getting closer and closer and in 20
whatever<00:15:10.680> year<00:15:10.839> it<00:15:10.959> will<00:15:11.079> be<00:15:11.279> when<00:15:11.399> our
whatever year it will be when our
whatever year it will be when our
detectors<00:15:12.040> are<00:15:12.240> finally<00:15:12.560> at<00:15:13.160> Advanced
detectors are finally at Advanced
detectors are finally at Advanced
sensitivity<00:15:14.639> we'll<00:15:15.000> build<00:15:15.199> them<00:15:15.360> we'll<00:15:15.519> turn
sensitivity we'll build them we'll turn
sensitivity we'll build them we'll turn
on<00:15:15.839> the<00:15:15.959> machines<00:15:16.519> and<00:15:16.680> bang<00:15:17.000> we'll<00:15:17.279> catch<00:15:17.480> it
on the machines and bang we'll catch it
on the machines and bang we'll catch it
the<00:15:18.440> first<00:15:18.680> song<00:15:18.959> from<00:15:19.240> space<00:15:20.120> if<00:15:20.240> it<00:15:20.360> was<00:15:20.519> the
the first song from space if it was the
the first song from space if it was the
Big<00:15:20.839> Bang<00:15:21.160> that<00:15:21.240> we<00:15:21.360> were<00:15:21.480> going<00:15:21.600> to<00:15:21.800> pick<00:15:22.000> up
Big Bang that we were going to pick up
Big Bang that we were going to pick up
it<00:15:22.440> would<00:15:22.600> sound<00:15:22.839> like
it would sound like
it would sound like
this<00:15:25.240> it's<00:15:25.320> a<00:15:25.480> terrible<00:15:26.000> sound<00:15:27.000> it's
this it's a terrible sound it's
this it's a terrible sound it's
literally<00:15:27.680> the<00:15:27.839> definition<00:15:28.240> of<00:15:28.440> noise<00:15:28.680> it's
literally the definition of noise it's
literally the definition of noise it's
white<00:15:29.240> noise<00:15:29.560> it's<00:15:29.759> such<00:15:29.880> a<00:15:30.160> chaotic<00:15:30.560> ringing
white noise it's such a chaotic ringing
white noise it's such a chaotic ringing
but<00:15:31.079> it's<00:15:31.279> around<00:15:31.680> us<00:15:32.639> everywhere<00:15:33.279> presumably
but it's around us everywhere presumably
but it's around us everywhere presumably
if<00:15:34.079> it<00:15:34.240> hasn't<00:15:34.839> been<00:15:35.079> wiped<00:15:35.440> out<00:15:35.720> by<00:15:35.839> some
if it hasn't been wiped out by some
if it hasn't been wiped out by some
other<00:15:36.360> process<00:15:36.680> in<00:15:36.800> the<00:15:36.959> universe<00:15:37.680> and<00:15:37.800> if<00:15:37.920> we
other process in the universe and if we
other process in the universe and if we
pick<00:15:38.279> it<00:15:38.480> up<00:15:38.720> it<00:15:38.800> will<00:15:38.959> be<00:15:39.199> music<00:15:39.600> to<00:15:39.800> our<00:15:40.040> ears
pick it up it will be music to our ears
pick it up it will be music to our ears
because<00:15:40.839> it<00:15:40.959> will<00:15:41.079> be<00:15:41.240> the<00:15:41.560> quiet<00:15:42.160> echo<00:15:43.160> of
because it will be the quiet echo of
because it will be the quiet echo of
that<00:15:43.639> moment<00:15:44.199> of<00:15:44.360> our<00:15:44.600> creation<00:15:45.279> of<00:15:45.440> our
that moment of our creation of our
that moment of our creation of our
observable<00:15:46.399> universe<00:15:47.399> so<00:15:47.639> within<00:15:47.880> the<00:15:48.040> next
observable universe so within the next
observable universe so within the next
few<00:15:48.600> years<00:15:48.839> we'll<00:15:49.040> be<00:15:49.199> able<00:15:49.399> to<00:15:49.600> turn<00:15:49.920> up<00:15:50.199> the
few years we'll be able to turn up the
few years we'll be able to turn up the
soundtrack<00:15:51.040> a<00:15:51.160> little<00:15:51.360> bit<00:15:51.759> render<00:15:52.759> uh<00:15:52.959> the
soundtrack a little bit render uh the
soundtrack a little bit render uh the
universe<00:15:53.639> in<00:15:54.120> audio<00:15:55.120> but<00:15:55.480> if<00:15:55.639> we<00:15:55.880> detect<00:15:56.399> those
universe in audio but if we detect those
universe in audio but if we detect those
earliest<00:15:57.120> moments<00:15:57.959> it'll<00:15:58.199> bring<00:15:58.440> us<00:15:58.720> that
earliest moments it'll bring us that
earliest moments it'll bring us that
that<00:15:59.199> much<00:15:59.399> closer<00:15:59.800> to<00:15:59.959> an<00:16:00.440> understanding<00:16:00.800> of
that much closer to an understanding of
that much closer to an understanding of
the<00:16:01.079> Big<00:16:01.279> Bang<00:16:01.880> which<00:16:02.040> brings<00:16:02.319> us<00:16:02.720> that<00:16:02.920> much
the Big Bang which brings us that much
the Big Bang which brings us that much
closer<00:16:03.639> to<00:16:03.920> asking<00:16:04.440> some<00:16:04.600> of<00:16:04.800> the<00:16:05.199> hardest
closer to asking some of the hardest
closer to asking some of the hardest
most<00:16:06.600> elusive<00:16:07.199> questions<00:16:07.959> if<00:16:08.079> we<00:16:08.199> run<00:16:08.440> the
most elusive questions if we run the
most elusive questions if we run the
movie<00:16:08.880> of<00:16:09.000> our<00:16:09.160> universe<00:16:09.839> backwards<00:16:10.839> we<00:16:11.000> know
movie of our universe backwards we know
movie of our universe backwards we know
that<00:16:11.519> there<00:16:11.639> was<00:16:11.759> a<00:16:11.920> big<00:16:12.079> bang<00:16:12.319> in<00:16:12.480> our<00:16:13.319> past
that there was a big bang in our past
that there was a big bang in our past
and<00:16:14.440> we<00:16:14.560> might<00:16:14.759> even<00:16:15.079> hear<00:16:15.319> the<00:16:15.519> cacophonous
and we might even hear the cacophonous
and we might even hear the cacophonous
sound<00:16:16.639> of<00:16:16.800> it<00:16:17.639> but<00:16:17.800> was<00:16:18.000> our<00:16:18.240> big<00:16:18.440> bang<00:16:18.959> the
sound of it but was our big bang the
sound of it but was our big bang the
only<00:16:19.600> big<00:16:19.800> bang<00:16:20.240> I<00:16:20.319> mean<00:16:20.480> we<00:16:20.680> have<00:16:20.800> to<00:16:21.040> ask<00:16:21.319> has
only big bang I mean we have to ask has
only big bang I mean we have to ask has
it<00:16:21.639> happened<00:16:22.040> before<00:16:23.040> will<00:16:23.199> it<00:16:23.399> happen<00:16:23.800> again
it happened before will it happen again
it happened before will it happen again
I<00:16:24.639> mean<00:16:24.800> in<00:16:24.920> the<00:16:25.160> spirit<00:16:25.639> of<00:16:25.839> rising<00:16:26.240> to<00:16:26.480> Ted's
I mean in the spirit of rising to Ted's
I mean in the spirit of rising to Ted's
challenge<00:16:27.440> to<00:16:27.720> reignite<00:16:28.440> wonder<00:16:29.399> we<00:16:29.560> can<00:16:29.880> ask
challenge to reignite wonder we can ask
challenge to reignite wonder we can ask
questions<00:16:30.800> at<00:16:30.959> least<00:16:31.199> for<00:16:31.440> this<00:16:31.720> last<00:16:31.959> minute
questions at least for this last minute
questions at least for this last minute
that<00:16:32.720> honestly<00:16:33.720> might<00:16:34.000> evade<00:16:34.360> us<00:16:34.560> forever<00:16:35.399> but
that honestly might evade us forever but
that honestly might evade us forever but
we<00:16:35.800> have<00:16:35.959> to<00:16:36.279> ask<00:16:37.040> is<00:16:37.160> it<00:16:37.440> possible<00:16:37.759> that<00:16:37.920> our
we have to ask is it possible that our
we have to ask is it possible that our
universe<00:16:38.600> is<00:16:38.839> just<00:16:38.959> a<00:16:39.199> plume<00:16:39.920> off<00:16:40.079> of<00:16:40.240> some
universe is just a plume off of some
universe is just a plume off of some
greater<00:16:40.959> history<00:16:41.440> or<00:16:42.000> is<00:16:42.120> it<00:16:42.440> possible<00:16:42.839> that
greater history or is it possible that
greater history or is it possible that
we're<00:16:43.160> just<00:16:43.279> a<00:16:43.560> branch<00:16:44.560> off<00:16:44.720> of<00:16:44.920> a<00:16:45.079> Multiverse
we're just a branch off of a Multiverse
we're just a branch off of a Multiverse
each<00:16:46.399> branch<00:16:47.079> with<00:16:47.240> its<00:16:47.440> own<00:16:47.759> Big<00:16:48.000> Bang<00:16:48.360> in<00:16:48.519> its
each branch with its own Big Bang in its
each branch with its own Big Bang in its
past<00:16:49.440> maybe<00:16:49.759> some<00:16:49.959> of<00:16:50.079> them<00:16:50.279> with<00:16:50.440> black<00:16:50.720> holes
past maybe some of them with black holes
past maybe some of them with black holes
playing<00:16:51.360> drums<00:16:51.959> maybe<00:16:52.199> some<00:16:52.480> without<00:16:52.920> you
playing drums maybe some without you
playing drums maybe some without you
know<00:16:53.199> maybe<00:16:53.480> some<00:16:53.759> with<00:16:53.959> sensient<00:16:54.600> life<00:16:55.240> and
know maybe some with sensient life and
know maybe some with sensient life and
maybe<00:16:55.720> some<00:16:56.040> without<00:16:56.759> not<00:16:56.959> in<00:16:57.040> our<00:16:57.319> past<00:16:57.639> not
maybe some without not in our past not
maybe some without not in our past not
in<00:16:57.880> our<00:16:58.079> future<00:16:58.399> but<00:16:58.560> some<00:16:59.160> fundamentally
in our future but some fundamentally
in our future but some fundamentally
connected<00:17:00.319> to<00:17:00.560> us<00:17:01.360> so<00:17:01.560> we<00:17:01.720> have<00:17:01.880> to<00:17:02.040> wonder<00:17:02.319> if
connected to us so we have to wonder if
connected to us so we have to wonder if
there<00:17:02.680> is<00:17:02.800> a<00:17:03.160> Multiverse<00:17:04.160> in<00:17:04.360> some<00:17:04.679> other
there is a Multiverse in some other
there is a Multiverse in some other
patch<00:17:05.640> of<00:17:05.799> that<00:17:05.919> Multiverse<00:17:06.520> are<00:17:06.720> there
patch of that Multiverse are there
patch of that Multiverse are there
creatures<00:17:07.919> here's<00:17:08.079> my<00:17:08.240> Multiverse<00:17:09.199> creatures
creatures here's my Multiverse creatures
creatures here's my Multiverse creatures
are<00:17:10.360> there<00:17:10.600> other<00:17:10.880> creatures<00:17:11.240> in<00:17:11.360> the
are there other creatures in the
are there other creatures in the
Multiverse<00:17:12.559> wondering<00:17:13.120> about<00:17:13.480> us<00:17:14.039> and
Multiverse wondering about us and
Multiverse wondering about us and
wondering<00:17:14.559> about<00:17:14.799> their<00:17:15.000> own<00:17:15.600> Origins<00:17:16.600> and<00:17:16.799> if
wondering about their own Origins and if
wondering about their own Origins and if
they<00:17:17.480> are<00:17:18.480> I<00:17:18.559> can<00:17:18.799> imagine<00:17:19.439> them<00:17:20.439> uh<00:17:20.640> as<00:17:20.880> we<00:17:21.039> are
they are I can imagine them uh as we are
they are I can imagine them uh as we are
calculating<00:17:22.600> writing<00:17:23.160> computer<00:17:23.679> code
calculating writing computer code
calculating writing computer code
building<00:17:24.720> instruments<00:17:25.720> uh<00:17:25.839> trying<00:17:26.160> to<00:17:26.439> detect
building instruments uh trying to detect
building instruments uh trying to detect
that<00:17:27.199> faintest<00:17:28.000> sound<00:17:29.280> of<00:17:29.440> their<00:17:29.679> Origins<00:17:30.480> and
that faintest sound of their Origins and
that faintest sound of their Origins and
wondering<00:17:31.440> who<00:17:31.600> else<00:17:31.840> is<00:17:32.000> out<00:17:32.320> there<00:17:33.200> thank
wondering who else is out there thank
wondering who else is out there thank
you<00:17:35.559> thank<00:17:35.760> you
Janna Levin, space, sound, space, sound, black, hole, TED, TED, Talk, universe, outerspace, TEDEducation, TED-Ed, Ed
