Pool medical patents, save lives - Ellen 't Hoen
in<00:00:16.560> 2002<00:00:17.600> a<00:00:17.680> group<00:00:17.920> of<00:00:18.400> treatment
in 2002 a group of treatment
in 2002 a group of treatment
activists<00:00:20.240> met
activists met
activists met
to<00:00:21.439> discuss<00:00:21.920> the<00:00:22.160> early<00:00:22.400> development<00:00:22.960> of<00:00:23.039> the
to discuss the early development of the
to discuss the early development of the
airplane
airplane
airplane
the<00:00:25.920> wright<00:00:26.240> brothers<00:00:27.119> in<00:00:27.519> the<00:00:27.680> beginning<00:00:28.080> of
the wright brothers in the beginning of
the wright brothers in the beginning of
the<00:00:28.560> last<00:00:28.880> century<00:00:29.679> had<00:00:29.920> for<00:00:30.080> the<00:00:30.240> first<00:00:30.560> time
the last century had for the first time
the last century had for the first time
managed<00:00:31.279> to<00:00:31.439> make<00:00:31.679> one<00:00:31.920> of<00:00:32.000> those<00:00:32.239> devices<00:00:32.960> fly
managed to make one of those devices fly
managed to make one of those devices fly
they<00:00:34.559> also<00:00:34.880> had<00:00:35.040> taken<00:00:35.440> out<00:00:36.160> numerous
they also had taken out numerous
they also had taken out numerous
patterns<00:00:37.440> on<00:00:37.600> essential<00:00:38.079> parts<00:00:38.399> of<00:00:38.480> the
patterns on essential parts of the
patterns on essential parts of the
airplane<00:00:39.280> they<00:00:39.440> were<00:00:39.520> not<00:00:39.680> the<00:00:39.840> only<00:00:40.079> ones
airplane they were not the only ones
airplane they were not the only ones
that<00:00:40.960> was<00:00:41.600> common<00:00:42.000> practice<00:00:42.879> in<00:00:43.040> the<00:00:43.200> industry
that was common practice in the industry
that was common practice in the industry
and<00:00:44.399> those<00:00:44.640> who<00:00:44.800> held<00:00:45.040> patents<00:00:45.440> on<00:00:45.600> airplanes
and those who held patents on airplanes
and those who held patents on airplanes
were<00:00:46.559> defending<00:00:47.120> them<00:00:47.360> fiercely<00:00:47.840> and<00:00:48.000> suing
were defending them fiercely and suing
were defending them fiercely and suing
competitors<00:00:49.440> left<00:00:49.760> and<00:00:49.920> right
competitors left and right
competitors left and right
this<00:00:51.600> actually<00:00:52.079> wasn't<00:00:52.559> so<00:00:52.879> great<00:00:53.760> for<00:00:53.920> the
this actually wasn't so great for the
this actually wasn't so great for the
development<00:00:54.559> of<00:00:54.640> the<00:00:54.800> aviation<00:00:55.360> industry
development of the aviation industry
development of the aviation industry
and<00:00:56.480> this<00:00:56.640> was<00:00:56.879> at<00:00:57.039> the<00:00:57.199> time<00:00:57.920> that<00:00:58.160> in
and this was at the time that in
and this was at the time that in
particular<00:00:58.719> the<00:00:58.800> u.s<00:00:59.039> government<00:00:59.440> was
particular the u.s government was
particular the u.s government was
interested<00:01:00.559> in<00:01:00.800> ramping<00:01:01.280> up
interested in ramping up
interested in ramping up
the<00:01:02.399> production<00:01:02.960> of<00:01:03.280> military<00:01:03.840> airplanes
the production of military airplanes
the production of military airplanes
so<00:01:05.600> there<00:01:05.760> was<00:01:05.920> a<00:01:06.000> bit<00:01:06.159> of<00:01:06.240> a<00:01:06.320> conflict<00:01:06.799> there
so there was a bit of a conflict there
so there was a bit of a conflict there
the<00:01:07.520> u.s<00:01:07.840> government<00:01:08.560> decided<00:01:09.119> to<00:01:09.280> take
the u.s government decided to take
the u.s government decided to take
action
action
action
and<00:01:10.880> force<00:01:11.280> those<00:01:11.520> patent<00:01:11.920> holders
and force those patent holders
and force those patent holders
to<00:01:13.439> make<00:01:13.840> their<00:01:14.080> patents<00:01:14.560> available
to make their patents available
to make their patents available
to<00:01:15.920> share<00:01:16.240> with<00:01:16.479> others<00:01:17.280> to<00:01:17.520> enable
to share with others to enable
to share with others to enable
the<00:01:18.720> production
the production
the production
of
of
of
of<00:01:21.200> airplanes
of airplanes
of airplanes
so<00:01:23.280> what<00:01:23.520> is
so what is
so what is
this<00:01:25.920> got<00:01:26.080> to<00:01:26.240> do
this got to do
this got to do
with<00:01:27.439> this
with this
with this
in<00:01:29.840> 2002
in 2002
in 2002
nelson<00:01:32.000> obama<00:01:32.880> a<00:01:33.040> kenyan<00:01:33.520> social<00:01:34.000> scientist
nelson obama a kenyan social scientist
nelson obama a kenyan social scientist
discovered<00:01:35.600> he<00:01:35.759> had<00:01:35.920> hiv
discovered he had hiv
discovered he had hiv
and<00:01:37.200> needed<00:01:37.680> access<00:01:38.079> to
and needed access to
and needed access to
treatment<00:01:39.840> he<00:01:40.000> was<00:01:40.320> told
treatment he was told
treatment he was told
that<00:01:41.759> a<00:01:41.920> cure<00:01:42.159> did<00:01:42.320> not<00:01:42.560> exist
that a cure did not exist
that a cure did not exist
aids<00:01:44.560> he<00:01:44.799> heard
aids he heard
aids he heard
was<00:01:45.920> lethal
was lethal
was lethal
and<00:01:47.439> treatment<00:01:47.920> was<00:01:48.079> not<00:01:48.320> offered<00:01:49.040> this<00:01:49.200> was
and treatment was not offered this was
and treatment was not offered this was
at<00:01:49.600> the<00:01:49.759> time<00:01:50.240> that<00:01:50.479> treatment<00:01:50.960> actually
at the time that treatment actually
at the time that treatment actually
existed<00:01:51.840> in<00:01:51.920> rich<00:01:52.240> countries
existed in rich countries
existed in rich countries
aids<00:01:53.920> had<00:01:54.079> become<00:01:54.560> a<00:01:54.720> chronic<00:01:55.040> disease
aids had become a chronic disease
aids had become a chronic disease
people<00:01:56.880> in<00:01:57.119> our<00:01:57.360> countries<00:01:57.840> here<00:01:58.000> in<00:01:58.159> europe
people in our countries here in europe
people in our countries here in europe
in<00:01:58.640> north<00:01:58.880> america<00:01:59.759> were<00:02:00.000> living<00:02:00.320> with<00:02:00.560> hiv
in north america were living with hiv
in north america were living with hiv
healthy<00:02:01.840> lives
healthy lives
healthy lives
not<00:02:02.960> so<00:02:03.280> for<00:02:03.439> nelson<00:02:04.159> he<00:02:04.320> wasn't<00:02:04.640> rich<00:02:04.880> enough
not so for nelson he wasn't rich enough
not so for nelson he wasn't rich enough
and<00:02:06.000> not<00:02:06.240> so<00:02:06.399> for<00:02:06.640> his<00:02:06.880> three-year-old<00:02:07.520> son<00:02:08.000> he
and not so for his three-year-old son he
and not so for his three-year-old son he
discovered<00:02:08.640> a<00:02:08.720> year<00:02:08.959> later<00:02:09.759> also<00:02:10.319> had<00:02:10.640> hiv
discovered a year later also had hiv
discovered a year later also had hiv
nelson<00:02:13.280> decided<00:02:13.760> to<00:02:13.920> become<00:02:14.480> a<00:02:14.640> treatment
nelson decided to become a treatment
nelson decided to become a treatment
activist<00:02:16.080> and<00:02:16.239> join<00:02:16.560> up<00:02:16.879> with<00:02:17.120> other<00:02:17.360> groups
activist and join up with other groups
activist and join up with other groups
in<00:02:18.480> 2002
in 2002
in 2002
they
they
they
were<00:02:21.440> facing
were facing
were facing
a<00:02:22.879> different<00:02:23.280> battle
a different battle
a different battle
prices<00:02:25.520> for<00:02:25.760> arvs<00:02:26.959> the<00:02:27.120> drugs<00:02:27.599> needed<00:02:27.840> to
prices for arvs the drugs needed to
prices for arvs the drugs needed to
treat<00:02:28.319> hiv
treat hiv
treat hiv
cost<00:02:30.160> about<00:02:30.640> 12<00:02:31.120> 000<00:02:31.599> per<00:02:31.840> patient<00:02:32.480> per<00:02:32.720> year
cost about 12 000 per patient per year
cost about 12 000 per patient per year
the<00:02:34.000> patents<00:02:34.560> on<00:02:34.720> those<00:02:34.959> drugs<00:02:35.680> were<00:02:35.920> held<00:02:36.239> by
the patents on those drugs were held by
the patents on those drugs were held by
a<00:02:36.959> number<00:02:37.280> of
a number of
a number of
western
western
western
pharmaceutical<00:02:40.160> companies
pharmaceutical companies
pharmaceutical companies
that<00:02:42.879> were<00:02:43.120> not<00:02:43.360> necessarily<00:02:44.080> willing<00:02:44.879> to
that were not necessarily willing to
that were not necessarily willing to
make<00:02:45.599> those<00:02:45.920> patents<00:02:46.560> available
make those patents available
make those patents available
when<00:02:48.480> you<00:02:48.640> have<00:02:48.800> a<00:02:48.879> patent<00:02:49.280> you<00:02:49.440> can<00:02:49.599> exclude
when you have a patent you can exclude
when you have a patent you can exclude
anyone<00:02:50.959> else
anyone else
anyone else
from<00:02:52.080> making
from making
from making
um<00:02:53.519> from<00:02:53.840> from<00:02:54.080> producing<00:02:54.720> or<00:02:54.879> making
um from from producing or making
um from from producing or making
low-cost<00:02:56.640> versions<00:02:57.120> for<00:02:57.360> example
low-cost versions for example
low-cost versions for example
available<00:02:59.040> of<00:02:59.280> those<00:03:00.080> of<00:03:00.239> those<00:03:00.480> medications
available of those of those medications
available of those of those medications
clearly<00:03:02.640> this<00:03:02.959> led<00:03:03.680> to<00:03:03.920> patent<00:03:04.319> wars<00:03:05.040> breaking
clearly this led to patent wars breaking
clearly this led to patent wars breaking
out<00:03:06.239> all<00:03:06.560> over<00:03:06.800> the<00:03:06.879> globe
out all over the globe
out all over the globe
luckily<00:03:10.080> those<00:03:10.400> patents<00:03:10.800> did<00:03:10.959> not<00:03:11.200> exist
luckily those patents did not exist
luckily those patents did not exist
everywhere<00:03:12.560> there<00:03:12.720> were<00:03:12.959> countries<00:03:13.840> that<00:03:14.000> did
everywhere there were countries that did
everywhere there were countries that did
not<00:03:14.319> recognize<00:03:14.879> pharmaceutical<00:03:15.680> product
not recognize pharmaceutical product
not recognize pharmaceutical product
patterns<00:03:16.319> such<00:03:16.560> as<00:03:16.800> india<00:03:18.159> and<00:03:18.480> indian
patterns such as india and indian
patterns such as india and indian
pharmaceutical<00:03:19.760> companies
pharmaceutical companies
pharmaceutical companies
started<00:03:21.280> to<00:03:21.440> produce
started to produce
started to produce
so-called<00:03:23.120> generic<00:03:23.680> versions<00:03:24.319> low-cost
so-called generic versions low-cost
so-called generic versions low-cost
copies<00:03:26.239> of
copies of
copies of
antiretroviral<00:03:28.159> medicines<00:03:28.959> and<00:03:29.120> make<00:03:29.360> them
antiretroviral medicines and make them
antiretroviral medicines and make them
develop<00:03:30.080> available<00:03:30.879> in<00:03:31.040> the<00:03:31.200> developing
develop available in the developing
develop available in the developing
world<00:03:32.000> and<00:03:32.080> within<00:03:32.400> a<00:03:32.560> year<00:03:33.120> the<00:03:33.280> price<00:03:33.599> had
world and within a year the price had
world and within a year the price had
come<00:03:34.000> down
come down
come down
from<00:03:35.280> ten<00:03:35.519> thousand
from ten thousand
from ten thousand
dollars<00:03:37.680> per<00:03:37.920> patient<00:03:38.239> per<00:03:38.400> year<00:03:38.560> to<00:03:38.720> three
dollars per patient per year to three
dollars per patient per year to three
hundred<00:03:39.120> and<00:03:39.280> fifty<00:03:39.599> dollars<00:03:39.920> per<00:03:40.080> patient
hundred and fifty dollars per patient
hundred and fifty dollars per patient
per<00:03:40.640> year<00:03:40.879> and<00:03:40.959> today<00:03:41.599> that<00:03:41.920> same<00:03:42.720> triple<00:03:43.680> pill
per year and today that same triple pill
per year and today that same triple pill
cocktail<00:03:44.640> is<00:03:44.799> available<00:03:45.519> for<00:03:45.760> 60<00:03:46.159> dollars<00:03:46.480> per
cocktail is available for 60 dollars per
cocktail is available for 60 dollars per
patient<00:03:46.959> per<00:03:47.120> year<00:03:47.360> and<00:03:47.519> of<00:03:47.680> course
patient per year and of course
patient per year and of course
that<00:03:48.879> started<00:03:49.280> to<00:03:49.440> have<00:03:49.680> an<00:03:49.840> enormous<00:03:50.400> effect
that started to have an enormous effect
that started to have an enormous effect
on<00:03:50.879> the<00:03:50.959> number<00:03:51.200> of<00:03:51.360> people<00:03:51.680> who<00:03:51.840> could<00:03:52.400> afford
on the number of people who could afford
on the number of people who could afford
access<00:03:54.159> to<00:03:54.319> those<00:03:54.640> medicines
access to those medicines
access to those medicines
treatment<00:03:56.319> programs<00:03:56.879> became<00:03:57.280> possible
treatment programs became possible
treatment programs became possible
funding<00:03:58.640> became<00:03:59.040> available<00:03:59.920> and<00:04:00.080> the<00:04:00.239> number
funding became available and the number
funding became available and the number
of<00:04:00.720> people<00:04:01.519> on<00:04:01.760> antiretroviral<00:04:02.720> drugs
of people on antiretroviral drugs
of people on antiretroviral drugs
started<00:04:03.760> to<00:04:04.400> increase
started to increase
started to increase
very
very
very
rapidly
rapidly
rapidly
today
today
today
eight<00:04:09.840> million<00:04:10.159> people<00:04:10.799> have<00:04:11.040> access<00:04:11.439> to
eight million people have access to
eight million people have access to
antiretroviral<00:04:12.840> drugs<00:04:13.840> 34<00:04:15.200> million
antiretroviral drugs 34 million
antiretroviral drugs 34 million
are<00:04:16.479> infected<00:04:16.880> with<00:04:17.120> hiv<00:04:17.759> never<00:04:18.160> has<00:04:18.400> this
are infected with hiv never has this
are infected with hiv never has this
number<00:04:18.880> been<00:04:19.120> so<00:04:19.359> high<00:04:19.600> but<00:04:19.840> actually<00:04:20.079> this<00:04:20.239> is
number been so high but actually this is
number been so high but actually this is
good<00:04:20.639> news<00:04:21.359> because<00:04:21.519> what<00:04:21.680> it<00:04:21.759> means<00:04:22.079> is
good news because what it means is
good news because what it means is
people<00:04:22.479> stop<00:04:22.720> dying<00:04:23.440> people<00:04:23.680> who<00:04:23.840> have<00:04:24.080> access
people stop dying people who have access
people stop dying people who have access
to<00:04:24.639> these<00:04:24.800> drugs<00:04:25.199> stop<00:04:25.440> dying<00:04:26.080> and<00:04:26.240> there's
to these drugs stop dying and there's
to these drugs stop dying and there's
something<00:04:26.800> else<00:04:27.199> they<00:04:27.520> also<00:04:27.919> stop<00:04:28.720> passing<00:04:29.120> on
something else they also stop passing on
something else they also stop passing on
the<00:04:29.440> virus<00:04:29.919> this<00:04:30.160> is<00:04:30.320> fairly<00:04:31.199> recent<00:04:31.680> science
the virus this is fairly recent science
the virus this is fairly recent science
that<00:04:32.720> has<00:04:32.960> shown<00:04:33.280> that<00:04:33.520> what<00:04:33.680> that<00:04:33.919> means<00:04:34.240> is
that has shown that what that means is
that has shown that what that means is
we<00:04:35.040> have<00:04:35.360> the<00:04:35.520> tools<00:04:36.479> to<00:04:36.639> break<00:04:37.199> the<00:04:37.360> back<00:04:37.919> of
we have the tools to break the back of
we have the tools to break the back of
this<00:04:38.400> epidemic
this epidemic
this epidemic
so
so
so
what's<00:04:42.560> the<00:04:42.800> problem
what's the problem
what's the problem
well
well
well
things<00:04:46.720> have<00:04:46.880> changed<00:04:47.280> first<00:04:47.520> of<00:04:47.680> all
things have changed first of all
things have changed first of all
the<00:04:48.560> rules<00:04:48.880> have<00:04:49.120> changed
the rules have changed
the rules have changed
today
today
today
all<00:04:53.199> countries
all countries
all countries
are<00:04:54.960> obliged<00:04:55.840> to<00:04:56.080> provide<00:04:56.880> patents<00:04:57.360> for
are obliged to provide patents for
are obliged to provide patents for
pharmaceuticals<00:04:58.320> that<00:04:58.560> last<00:04:58.800> at<00:04:58.880> least<00:04:59.199> 20
pharmaceuticals that last at least 20
pharmaceuticals that last at least 20
years
years
years
this<00:05:01.440> is<00:05:01.600> as<00:05:01.759> a<00:05:01.840> result<00:05:02.240> of<00:05:02.400> the
this is as a result of the
this is as a result of the
intellectual<00:05:03.919> property<00:05:04.240> rules<00:05:04.479> of<00:05:04.560> the<00:05:04.639> world
intellectual property rules of the world
intellectual property rules of the world
trade<00:05:05.120> organization
trade organization
trade organization
so<00:05:06.800> what<00:05:07.039> india<00:05:07.360> did
so what india did
so what india did
is<00:05:08.400> no<00:05:08.639> longer<00:05:08.960> possible<00:05:09.840> second
is no longer possible second
is no longer possible second
the<00:05:11.680> practice<00:05:12.639> of<00:05:12.880> patent<00:05:13.360> holding<00:05:13.759> companies
the practice of patent holding companies
the practice of patent holding companies
have<00:05:14.400> changed
have changed
have changed
here<00:05:15.840> you<00:05:16.000> see
here you see
here you see
the<00:05:17.360> patent<00:05:18.000> practices
the patent practices
the patent practices
before<00:05:20.560> the<00:05:20.720> world<00:05:20.960> trade<00:05:21.280> organization's
before the world trade organization's
before the world trade organization's
rules<00:05:22.320> before<00:05:22.800> 95<00:05:24.160> for<00:05:24.479> antiretroviral<00:05:25.360> drugs
rules before 95 for antiretroviral drugs
rules before 95 for antiretroviral drugs
this<00:05:26.800> is<00:05:26.960> what<00:05:27.120> you<00:05:27.280> see<00:05:27.520> today
this is what you see today
this is what you see today
and<00:05:28.800> this<00:05:28.960> is<00:05:29.120> in<00:05:29.199> developing<00:05:29.759> countries<00:05:30.160> so
and this is in developing countries so
and this is in developing countries so
what<00:05:30.560> that<00:05:30.880> means<00:05:31.199> is<00:05:31.520> unless<00:05:32.000> we<00:05:32.160> do
what that means is unless we do
what that means is unless we do
something<00:05:32.960> deliberate<00:05:34.080> and<00:05:34.240> unless<00:05:34.560> we<00:05:34.720> do
something deliberate and unless we do
something deliberate and unless we do
something<00:05:35.440> now
something now
something now
we<00:05:36.479> will<00:05:36.800> very<00:05:37.199> soon<00:05:38.000> be<00:05:38.240> faced<00:05:39.039> with<00:05:39.199> another
we will very soon be faced with another
we will very soon be faced with another
drug<00:05:40.080> price<00:05:40.400> crisis<00:05:41.360> because<00:05:41.840> new<00:05:42.080> drugs<00:05:42.479> are
drug price crisis because new drugs are
drug price crisis because new drugs are
developed<00:05:43.520> new<00:05:43.680> drugs<00:05:44.000> go<00:05:44.240> to<00:05:44.400> market<00:05:44.800> but
developed new drugs go to market but
developed new drugs go to market but
these<00:05:45.199> medicines<00:05:45.840> are<00:05:46.080> patented
these medicines are patented
these medicines are patented
in<00:05:47.440> a<00:05:47.600> much<00:05:48.080> wider<00:05:48.639> range<00:05:48.880> of<00:05:49.039> countries
in a much wider range of countries
in a much wider range of countries
so<00:05:50.560> unless<00:05:51.039> we<00:05:51.360> act<00:05:51.919> unless<00:05:52.320> we<00:05:52.560> do<00:05:52.800> something
so unless we act unless we do something
so unless we act unless we do something
today
today
today
we<00:05:55.440> will<00:05:55.759> soon<00:05:56.400> be<00:05:56.560> faced<00:05:56.880> what<00:05:57.039> some<00:05:57.280> have
we will soon be faced what some have
we will soon be faced what some have
termed<00:05:58.400> the<00:05:58.639> treatment
termed the treatment
termed the treatment
time<00:06:00.479> bomb
time bomb
time bomb
it<00:06:01.919> isn't<00:06:02.240> only
it isn't only
it isn't only
the<00:06:03.520> number
the number
the number
of<00:06:04.720> drugs<00:06:05.120> that<00:06:05.280> are<00:06:05.440> patented
of drugs that are patented
of drugs that are patented
there's<00:06:06.880> something<00:06:07.280> else<00:06:07.600> that<00:06:07.840> can<00:06:08.080> really
there's something else that can really
there's something else that can really
scare<00:06:09.600> generic<00:06:10.080> manufacturers<00:06:10.880> away<00:06:11.199> this
scare generic manufacturers away this
scare generic manufacturers away this
shows<00:06:11.759> you
shows you
shows you
a<00:06:13.120> patent<00:06:13.680> landscape
a patent landscape
a patent landscape
this<00:06:15.680> is<00:06:15.840> the<00:06:16.000> landscape<00:06:16.800> of<00:06:17.120> one<00:06:17.520> medicine
this is the landscape of one medicine
this is the landscape of one medicine
so<00:06:19.120> you<00:06:19.199> can<00:06:19.360> imagine<00:06:20.240> that<00:06:20.479> if<00:06:20.560> you<00:06:20.720> are<00:06:20.800> a
so you can imagine that if you are a
so you can imagine that if you are a
generic<00:06:21.280> company<00:06:21.759> about<00:06:22.000> to<00:06:22.160> decide<00:06:22.560> whether
generic company about to decide whether
generic company about to decide whether
to<00:06:23.039> invest<00:06:23.440> in<00:06:23.600> the<00:06:23.680> development<00:06:24.240> of<00:06:24.400> this
to invest in the development of this
to invest in the development of this
product<00:06:25.440> unless<00:06:25.840> you<00:06:26.080> know<00:06:26.639> that<00:06:26.880> the
product unless you know that the
product unless you know that the
licenses<00:06:28.240> to<00:06:28.400> these<00:06:28.720> patents<00:06:29.600> are<00:06:29.840> actually
licenses to these patents are actually
licenses to these patents are actually
going<00:06:30.639> to<00:06:30.800> be<00:06:30.960> available<00:06:31.520> you<00:06:31.680> will<00:06:31.919> probably
going to be available you will probably
going to be available you will probably
choose<00:06:33.120> to<00:06:33.280> do<00:06:33.840> something<00:06:34.319> else<00:06:34.720> again
choose to do something else again
choose to do something else again
deliberate<00:06:36.319> action<00:06:36.800> is<00:06:37.039> needed
deliberate action is needed
deliberate action is needed
so<00:06:38.800> surely
so surely
so surely
if
if
if
a<00:06:42.080> patent<00:06:42.639> pool
a patent pool
a patent pool
could<00:06:43.600> be<00:06:43.840> established<00:06:44.880> to<00:06:45.120> ramp<00:06:45.520> up<00:06:46.160> the
could be established to ramp up the
could be established to ramp up the
production<00:06:46.800> of<00:06:46.960> military<00:06:47.680> airplanes
production of military airplanes
production of military airplanes
we<00:06:49.280> should<00:06:49.520> be<00:06:49.759> able<00:06:50.080> to<00:06:50.319> do<00:06:50.479> something
we should be able to do something
we should be able to do something
similar
similar
similar
to<00:06:52.639> tackle<00:06:53.280> the<00:06:53.520> hiv<00:06:54.080> aids<00:06:54.880> epidemic
to tackle the hiv aids epidemic
to tackle the hiv aids epidemic
and<00:06:56.639> we<00:06:56.800> did
and we did
and we did
in<00:06:58.560> 2010<00:07:00.000> unitate
in 2010 unitate
in 2010 unitate
established<00:07:01.919> the<00:07:02.080> medicines<00:07:02.560> patent<00:07:02.960> pool
established the medicines patent pool
established the medicines patent pool
for<00:07:04.160> hiv
and<00:07:07.120> this<00:07:07.360> is<00:07:07.440> how<00:07:07.680> it<00:07:07.759> works
and this is how it works
and this is how it works
patent<00:07:09.360> holders
patent holders
patent holders
inventors
inventors
inventors
that<00:07:12.720> develop<00:07:13.360> new<00:07:13.599> medicines
that develop new medicines
that develop new medicines
patent<00:07:17.280> those<00:07:17.599> inventions<00:07:18.639> but<00:07:18.960> make<00:07:19.199> those
patent those inventions but make those
patent those inventions but make those
patents<00:07:20.000> available<00:07:20.880> to<00:07:21.039> the<00:07:21.199> medicines
patents available to the medicines
patents available to the medicines
patent<00:07:22.000> pool<00:07:22.240> the<00:07:22.319> medicines<00:07:22.880> patent<00:07:23.199> pool
patent pool the medicines patent pool
patent pool the medicines patent pool
then<00:07:24.080> license<00:07:24.639> those<00:07:24.960> out<00:07:25.120> whoever<00:07:25.599> need
then license those out whoever need
then license those out whoever need
access<00:07:26.240> to<00:07:26.400> those<00:07:26.639> patents<00:07:27.440> that<00:07:27.599> can<00:07:27.759> be
access to those patents that can be
access to those patents that can be
generic<00:07:28.400> manufacturers<00:07:29.199> it<00:07:29.280> can<00:07:29.440> also<00:07:29.680> be
generic manufacturers it can also be
generic manufacturers it can also be
not-for-profit<00:07:30.880> drug<00:07:31.199> development<00:07:32.160> agencies
not-for-profit drug development agencies
not-for-profit drug development agencies
for<00:07:33.039> example
for example
for example
those<00:07:34.560> manufacturers<00:07:35.599> can<00:07:35.759> then<00:07:36.080> sell<00:07:36.400> those
those manufacturers can then sell those
those manufacturers can then sell those
medicines<00:07:37.120> at<00:07:37.440> much<00:07:37.840> lower<00:07:38.319> costs
medicines at much lower costs
medicines at much lower costs
to<00:07:40.240> people<00:07:40.720> who<00:07:40.880> need<00:07:41.120> access<00:07:41.520> to<00:07:41.680> them<00:07:41.919> to
to people who need access to them to
to people who need access to them to
treatment<00:07:42.560> programs<00:07:43.039> that<00:07:43.199> need<00:07:43.440> access<00:07:43.759> to
treatment programs that need access to
treatment programs that need access to
them<00:07:44.560> they<00:07:44.800> pay<00:07:45.039> royalties<00:07:46.160> over<00:07:46.400> the<00:07:46.639> sales
them they pay royalties over the sales
them they pay royalties over the sales
to<00:07:47.759> the<00:07:47.919> patent<00:07:48.319> holders<00:07:48.639> so<00:07:48.880> they<00:07:49.039> are
to the patent holders so they are
to the patent holders so they are
remunerated<00:07:50.240> for<00:07:50.479> sharing<00:07:51.120> their
remunerated for sharing their
remunerated for sharing their
intellectual<00:07:52.639> property
there<00:07:59.120> is
there is
there is
one<00:08:01.440> key<00:08:01.759> difference
one key difference
one key difference
with
with
with
the<00:08:04.720> airplane<00:08:05.280> patent<00:08:05.680> pool<00:08:06.400> the<00:08:06.560> medicines
the airplane patent pool the medicines
the airplane patent pool the medicines
patent<00:08:07.520> pool
patent pool
patent pool
is<00:08:09.120> a<00:08:09.199> voluntary<00:08:09.759> mechanism
is a voluntary mechanism
is a voluntary mechanism
the<00:08:11.599> airplane<00:08:12.080> patent<00:08:12.479> holders<00:08:12.879> were<00:08:13.120> not
the airplane patent holders were not
the airplane patent holders were not
left<00:08:14.160> a<00:08:14.319> choice<00:08:14.639> whether<00:08:14.879> they<00:08:15.120> licensed
left a choice whether they licensed
left a choice whether they licensed
their<00:08:15.759> patents<00:08:16.160> or<00:08:16.319> not<00:08:16.479> they<00:08:16.720> were<00:08:16.879> forced<00:08:17.199> to
their patents or not they were forced to
their patents or not they were forced to
do<00:08:17.520> so
do so
do so
that<00:08:19.120> is<00:08:19.199> something<00:08:19.520> that<00:08:19.680> the<00:08:19.759> medicines
that is something that the medicines
that is something that the medicines
patent<00:08:20.560> pool<00:08:21.120> cannot<00:08:21.520> do
patent pool cannot do
patent pool cannot do
it<00:08:22.639> relies<00:08:23.199> on<00:08:23.280> the<00:08:23.440> willingness
it relies on the willingness
it relies on the willingness
of<00:08:24.720> pharmaceutical<00:08:25.520> companies<00:08:26.000> to<00:08:26.160> license
of pharmaceutical companies to license
of pharmaceutical companies to license
their<00:08:26.800> patents
their patents
their patents
and<00:08:28.000> make<00:08:28.240> them<00:08:28.800> available
and make them available
and make them available
for<00:08:30.240> others
for others
for others
for<00:08:31.759> others<00:08:32.080> to<00:08:32.240> use
for others to use
for others to use
today
today
today
nelson<00:08:36.399> odoma
nelson odoma
nelson odoma
is<00:08:38.800> healthy<00:08:39.279> he<00:08:39.440> has<00:08:39.680> access
is healthy he has access
is healthy he has access
to<00:08:41.120> antiretroviral<00:08:42.159> drugs
to antiretroviral drugs
to antiretroviral drugs
his<00:08:43.519> son<00:08:43.839> will<00:08:44.080> soon<00:08:44.320> be<00:08:44.480> 14<00:08:45.040> years<00:08:45.279> old
his son will soon be 14 years old
his son will soon be 14 years old
nelson<00:08:47.279> is<00:08:47.360> a<00:08:47.440> member<00:08:47.680> of<00:08:47.839> the<00:08:47.920> expert
nelson is a member of the expert
nelson is a member of the expert
advisory<00:08:48.880> group<00:08:49.600> of<00:08:49.760> the<00:08:49.920> medicines<00:08:50.399> patent
advisory group of the medicines patent
advisory group of the medicines patent
pool
pool
pool
and<00:08:52.399> he<00:08:52.560> told<00:08:52.800> me<00:08:53.040> not<00:08:53.200> so<00:08:53.360> long<00:08:53.519> ago<00:08:53.920> ellen
and he told me not so long ago ellen
and he told me not so long ago ellen
we<00:08:55.360> rely
we rely
we rely
in<00:08:56.800> kenya
in kenya
in kenya
and<00:08:58.080> in<00:08:58.240> many<00:08:58.480> other<00:08:58.720> countries
and in many other countries
and in many other countries
on<00:09:00.000> the<00:09:00.080> medicines<00:09:00.560> patent<00:09:00.959> pool<00:09:01.200> to<00:09:01.360> make
on the medicines patent pool to make
on the medicines patent pool to make
sure
sure
sure
that<00:09:03.279> new<00:09:03.519> medicines
that new medicines
that new medicines
also<00:09:05.440> become<00:09:06.080> available<00:09:07.120> to<00:09:07.360> us
also become available to us
also become available to us
that<00:09:09.440> new<00:09:09.680> medicines<00:09:10.480> without<00:09:10.959> delay<00:09:11.760> become
that new medicines without delay become
that new medicines without delay become
available<00:09:12.800> to<00:09:12.959> us
available to us
available to us
and<00:09:14.160> this<00:09:14.480> is
and this is
and this is
no<00:09:15.440> longer<00:09:15.839> fantasy
no longer fantasy
no longer fantasy
already
already
already
um<00:09:19.920> i'll<00:09:20.240> give<00:09:20.399> you<00:09:20.560> an<00:09:20.839> example<00:09:21.920> in<00:09:22.160> august<00:09:22.560> of
um i'll give you an example in august of
um i'll give you an example in august of
this<00:09:22.959> year<00:09:23.680> the<00:09:23.839> united<00:09:24.240> states<00:09:24.480> drug<00:09:24.800> agency
this year the united states drug agency
this year the united states drug agency
approved<00:09:26.399> a<00:09:26.480> new<00:09:26.880> four-in-one<00:09:27.839> aids
approved a new four-in-one aids
approved a new four-in-one aids
medication<00:09:29.120> the<00:09:29.279> company<00:09:29.760> gilead<00:09:30.240> that<00:09:30.399> holds
medication the company gilead that holds
medication the company gilead that holds
the<00:09:30.880> patents<00:09:31.760> has<00:09:32.080> licensed<00:09:32.720> licensed<00:09:33.200> the
the patents has licensed licensed the
the patents has licensed licensed the
intellectual<00:09:33.839> property<00:09:34.240> to<00:09:34.399> the<00:09:34.560> medicine's
intellectual property to the medicine's
intellectual property to the medicine's
patent<00:09:35.440> pool<00:09:36.320> the<00:09:36.480> pool<00:09:36.880> is<00:09:37.120> already<00:09:37.600> working
patent pool the pool is already working
patent pool the pool is already working
today<00:09:38.800> two<00:09:38.959> months<00:09:39.279> later<00:09:40.160> with<00:09:40.320> generic
today two months later with generic
today two months later with generic
manufacturers<00:09:41.600> to<00:09:41.760> make<00:09:42.000> sure<00:09:42.320> that<00:09:42.480> this
manufacturers to make sure that this
manufacturers to make sure that this
product<00:09:43.519> can<00:09:43.680> go<00:09:43.920> to<00:09:44.160> market<00:09:44.959> at<00:09:45.200> low<00:09:45.440> cost
product can go to market at low cost
product can go to market at low cost
where<00:09:46.800> and<00:09:47.040> when<00:09:47.440> it<00:09:47.600> is<00:09:47.680> needed<00:09:48.000> this<00:09:48.240> is
where and when it is needed this is
where and when it is needed this is
unprecedented<00:09:49.760> this<00:09:50.000> has<00:09:50.320> never<00:09:50.640> been<00:09:50.800> done
unprecedented this has never been done
unprecedented this has never been done
before<00:09:52.000> the<00:09:52.240> rule<00:09:52.560> is<00:09:53.120> about<00:09:53.440> a<00:09:53.600> 10-year<00:09:54.080> delay
before the rule is about a 10-year delay
before the rule is about a 10-year delay
for<00:09:54.800> a<00:09:54.880> new<00:09:55.120> product<00:09:55.440> to<00:09:55.519> go<00:09:55.680> to<00:09:55.839> market<00:09:56.240> in
for a new product to go to market in
for a new product to go to market in
developing<00:09:56.800> countries<00:09:57.279> if<00:09:57.519> at<00:09:57.760> all
developing countries if at all
developing countries if at all
this<00:09:58.880> has<00:09:59.120> never<00:09:59.519> been<00:09:59.839> seen<00:10:00.160> before
this has never been seen before
this has never been seen before
nelson's<00:10:03.200> expectations<00:10:04.000> are<00:10:04.160> very<00:10:04.480> high
nelson's expectations are very high
nelson's expectations are very high
and<00:10:06.000> quite<00:10:06.240> rightly<00:10:06.720> so
and quite rightly so
and quite rightly so
he<00:10:07.760> and<00:10:07.920> his<00:10:08.080> son<00:10:08.320> will<00:10:08.560> need<00:10:09.200> access<00:10:10.080> to<00:10:10.320> the
he and his son will need access to the
he and his son will need access to the
next<00:10:10.800> generation<00:10:11.360> anti-retrovirals
next generation anti-retrovirals
next generation anti-retrovirals
and<00:10:13.279> the<00:10:13.440> next<00:10:14.079> throughout<00:10:15.040> their<00:10:15.360> lifetime
and the next throughout their lifetime
and the next throughout their lifetime
so<00:10:16.560> that<00:10:16.839> he
so that he
so that he
and<00:10:18.720> many<00:10:19.040> others<00:10:19.519> in<00:10:19.680> kenya<00:10:20.079> and<00:10:20.240> other
and many others in kenya and other
and many others in kenya and other
countries<00:10:21.200> can<00:10:21.360> continue<00:10:21.839> to<00:10:22.000> live<00:10:22.399> healthy
countries can continue to live healthy
countries can continue to live healthy
active<00:10:24.480> lives
active lives
active lives
now<00:10:25.920> we<00:10:26.160> count<00:10:26.880> on<00:10:27.040> the<00:10:27.120> willingness<00:10:27.600> of<00:10:27.680> drug
now we count on the willingness of drug
now we count on the willingness of drug
companies<00:10:28.720> to<00:10:28.880> make<00:10:29.120> that<00:10:29.360> happen<00:10:29.760> we<00:10:29.920> count
companies to make that happen we count
companies to make that happen we count
on<00:10:30.399> those<00:10:30.640> companies<00:10:31.519> that<00:10:31.839> understand<00:10:32.560> that
on those companies that understand that
on those companies that understand that
it<00:10:32.959> is<00:10:33.200> in<00:10:33.279> the<00:10:33.440> interest<00:10:33.839> not<00:10:34.000> only<00:10:34.240> in
it is in the interest not only in
it is in the interest not only in
interest<00:10:35.200> of<00:10:35.279> the<00:10:35.440> global<00:10:35.839> good<00:10:36.320> but<00:10:36.480> also<00:10:36.880> in
interest of the global good but also in
interest of the global good but also in
their<00:10:37.200> own<00:10:37.360> interest<00:10:38.160> to<00:10:38.399> move
their own interest to move
their own interest to move
from<00:10:39.519> conflict
from conflict
from conflict
to
to
to
collaboration
collaboration
collaboration
and<00:10:43.760> through<00:10:43.920> the<00:10:44.079> medicines<00:10:44.560> patent<00:10:44.800> pool
and through the medicines patent pool
and through the medicines patent pool
they<00:10:45.120> can<00:10:45.279> make<00:10:45.440> that<00:10:45.680> happen
they can make that happen
they can make that happen
they<00:10:46.640> can<00:10:46.880> also
they can also
they can also
choose<00:10:48.480> not<00:10:48.720> to<00:10:48.880> do<00:10:49.120> that<00:10:49.839> but
choose not to do that but
choose not to do that but
they
those<00:10:53.360> that<00:10:53.600> go<00:10:53.760> down<00:10:54.000> that<00:10:54.240> road<00:10:54.800> may<00:10:55.120> end<00:10:55.279> up
those that go down that road may end up
those that go down that road may end up
in<00:10:56.480> a<00:10:56.560> similar<00:10:56.959> situation<00:10:57.519> the<00:10:57.680> wright
in a similar situation the wright
in a similar situation the wright
brothers<00:10:58.240> ended<00:10:58.560> up<00:10:58.640> with
brothers ended up with
brothers ended up with
early<00:10:59.680> last<00:10:59.920> century<00:11:00.800> facing<00:11:01.760> forcible
early last century facing forcible
early last century facing forcible
measures<00:11:02.880> by<00:11:03.120> government
measures by government
measures by government
so
so
so
they<00:11:05.920> better<00:11:06.240> jump<00:11:06.560> now
they better jump now
they better jump now
thank<00:11:08.320> you
you
Ellen ‘t Hoen, Medicines, Patent, Pool, drug, patent, patent, medical, treatment, TED-Ed, TED, Ed, TEDEducation
