Can democracy exist without trust? - Ivan Krastev
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I'm<00:00:16.600> afraid<00:00:17.199> I'm<00:00:17.400> one<00:00:17.520> of<00:00:17.720> those<00:00:17.960> speakers<00:00:18.880> you
I'm afraid I'm one of those speakers you
I'm afraid I'm one of those speakers you
hope<00:00:19.320> you're<00:00:19.520> not<00:00:19.720> going<00:00:19.920> to<00:00:20.119> meet<00:00:20.439> at<00:00:20.720> that
hope you're not going to meet at that
hope you're not going to meet at that
first<00:00:21.920> I<00:00:22.039> don't<00:00:22.240> have<00:00:22.359> a<00:00:22.519> mobile<00:00:23.080> so<00:00:23.840> I'm<00:00:24.039> on
first I don't have a mobile so I'm on
first I don't have a mobile so I'm on
the<00:00:24.320> safe<00:00:24.640> side<00:00:25.599> secondly<00:00:26.119> political
the safe side secondly political
the safe side secondly political
theorist<00:00:27.400> who<00:00:27.560> is<00:00:27.679> going<00:00:27.840> to<00:00:28.000> talk<00:00:28.160> about<00:00:28.359> the
theorist who is going to talk about the
theorist who is going to talk about the
crisis<00:00:28.840> of<00:00:29.039> democracy<00:00:30.039> is<00:00:30.199> probably<00:00:30.519> not<00:00:30.720> the
crisis of democracy is probably not the
crisis of democracy is probably not the
most<00:00:31.240> exciting<00:00:31.840> topic<00:00:32.119> you<00:00:32.239> can<00:00:32.559> think<00:00:33.239> about
most exciting topic you can think about
most exciting topic you can think about
and<00:00:34.440> plus<00:00:34.680> I'm<00:00:34.840> not<00:00:35.000> going<00:00:35.160> to<00:00:35.320> give<00:00:35.440> you<00:00:35.559> any
and plus I'm not going to give you any
and plus I'm not going to give you any
answers<00:00:36.800> I'm<00:00:36.960> much<00:00:37.120> more<00:00:37.280> trying<00:00:37.520> to<00:00:37.680> add<00:00:37.960> to
answers I'm much more trying to add to
answers I'm much more trying to add to
some<00:00:38.239> of<00:00:38.399> the<00:00:38.520> questions<00:00:38.879> we're<00:00:39.120> talking
some of the questions we're talking
some of the questions we're talking
about<00:00:40.239> and<00:00:40.399> one<00:00:40.559> of<00:00:40.680> the<00:00:40.800> things<00:00:41.000> that<00:00:41.160> I<00:00:41.239> want
about and one of the things that I want
about and one of the things that I want
to<00:00:41.719> question<00:00:42.160> is<00:00:42.960> is<00:00:43.200> very<00:00:43.480> popular<00:00:44.160> hope
to question is is very popular hope
to question is is very popular hope
these<00:00:44.800> days<00:00:45.480> that<00:00:45.680> transparency<00:00:46.360> and
these days that transparency and
these days that transparency and
openness<00:00:47.719> can<00:00:47.960> restore<00:00:48.399> the<00:00:48.559> Trust<00:00:49.120> In
openness can restore the Trust In
openness can restore the Trust In
Democratic
Democratic
Democratic
institutions<00:00:51.640> there<00:00:51.760> is<00:00:51.960> one<00:00:52.079> more<00:00:52.320> reason
institutions there is one more reason
institutions there is one more reason
for<00:00:52.760> you<00:00:52.920> to<00:00:53.039> be<00:00:53.199> suspicious<00:00:53.760> about<00:00:54.239> me<00:00:55.239> you
for you to be suspicious about me you
for you to be suspicious about me you
people<00:00:55.879> the<00:00:56.039> Church<00:00:56.359> of<00:00:56.600> t<00:00:56.879> a<00:00:57.079> very<00:00:57.320> optimistic
people the Church of t a very optimistic
people the Church of t a very optimistic
community
basically<00:01:01.840> you<00:01:02.079> believe<00:01:02.960> in<00:01:03.239> complexity<00:01:04.199> but
basically you believe in complexity but
basically you believe in complexity but
not<00:01:04.559> in
not in
not in
ambiguity<00:01:06.560> as<00:01:06.840> you<00:01:07.000> have<00:01:07.159> been<00:01:07.320> told<00:01:07.640> I'm
ambiguity as you have been told I'm
ambiguity as you have been told I'm
Bulgarian<00:01:08.960> and<00:01:09.159> according<00:01:09.479> to<00:01:09.640> the<00:01:10.040> surveys
Bulgarian and according to the surveys
Bulgarian and according to the surveys
we<00:01:11.280> among<00:01:11.680> the<00:01:11.840> most<00:01:12.159> pessimistic<00:01:12.880> people<00:01:13.159> in
we among the most pessimistic people in
we among the most pessimistic people in
the
the
the
world<00:01:15.960> The<00:01:16.119> Economist<00:01:16.799> magazine<00:01:17.799> recently
world The Economist magazine recently
world The Economist magazine recently
wrote<00:01:18.799> an<00:01:19.000> article<00:01:19.439> covering<00:01:19.880> one<00:01:20.040> of<00:01:20.159> the
wrote an article covering one of the
wrote an article covering one of the
recent<00:01:20.640> studies<00:01:21.000> on<00:01:21.280> happiness<00:01:22.079> and<00:01:22.240> the
recent studies on happiness and the
recent studies on happiness and the
title<00:01:22.840> was<00:01:23.479> the<00:01:23.720> happy<00:01:24.400> The<00:01:24.600> unhappy<00:01:25.320> and<00:01:25.520> the
title was the happy The unhappy and the
title was the happy The unhappy and the
bulgarians<00:01:28.360> so<00:01:28.720> now<00:01:29.240> when<00:01:29.360> you<00:01:29.520> know<00:01:29.720> what<00:01:30.000> to
bulgarians so now when you know what to
bulgarians so now when you know what to
expect<00:01:32.040> let's<00:01:32.280> give<00:01:32.399> you<00:01:32.520> the
expect let's give you the
expect let's give you the
story<00:01:34.240> and<00:01:34.439> this<00:01:34.560> is<00:01:34.720> a<00:01:35.079> rainy<00:01:35.960> election<00:01:36.520> day
story and this is a rainy election day
story and this is a rainy election day
in<00:01:37.520> a<00:01:37.640> small<00:01:38.320> country<00:01:39.320> that<00:01:39.520> can<00:01:39.680> be<00:01:39.880> my
in a small country that can be my
in a small country that can be my
country<00:01:40.360> but<00:01:40.520> could<00:01:40.680> be<00:01:40.799> also<00:01:41.079> your<00:01:41.799> country
country but could be also your country
country but could be also your country
and<00:01:43.000> because<00:01:43.240> of<00:01:43.360> the<00:01:43.520> rain<00:01:43.920> till<00:01:44.159> 4:00<00:01:44.920> in<00:01:45.079> the
and because of the rain till 4:00 in the
and because of the rain till 4:00 in the
afternoon<00:01:46.159> nobody<00:01:46.560> went<00:01:46.759> to<00:01:46.880> the<00:01:47.000> polling
afternoon nobody went to the polling
afternoon nobody went to the polling
stations<00:01:48.560> but<00:01:48.759> then<00:01:49.159> the<00:01:49.280> rain<00:01:50.079> stopped
stations but then the rain stopped
stations but then the rain stopped
people<00:01:51.360> went<00:01:51.560> to<00:01:51.960> vote<00:01:52.960> and<00:01:53.119> to<00:01:53.280> end<00:01:53.520> the<00:01:53.640> votes
people went to vote and to end the votes
people went to vote and to end the votes
have<00:01:54.479> been<00:01:54.960> counted<00:01:55.960> that
have been counted that
have been counted that
34s<00:01:58.039> of<00:01:58.200> the<00:01:58.600> people<00:01:59.600> have<00:02:00.320> voted<00:02:01.079> with<00:02:01.200> a
34s of the people have voted with a
34s of the people have voted with a
blank
blank
blank
ballots<00:02:04.079> the<00:02:04.240> government<00:02:04.600> and<00:02:04.759> the
ballots the government and the
ballots the government and the
opposition<00:02:05.399> they<00:02:05.560> have<00:02:05.719> been<00:02:06.240> simply
opposition they have been simply
opposition they have been simply
paralyzed<00:02:08.119> because<00:02:08.319> you<00:02:08.440> know<00:02:08.640> what<00:02:08.759> to<00:02:08.920> do
paralyzed because you know what to do
paralyzed because you know what to do
about<00:02:09.319> the<00:02:09.520> protest<00:02:10.039> you<00:02:10.160> know<00:02:10.399> whom<00:02:10.560> to
about the protest you know whom to
about the protest you know whom to
arrest<00:02:11.080> whom<00:02:11.200> to<00:02:11.360> negotiate<00:02:11.959> with<00:02:12.720> but<00:02:12.920> what
arrest whom to negotiate with but what
arrest whom to negotiate with but what
to<00:02:13.239> do<00:02:13.480> about<00:02:13.840> people<00:02:14.640> who<00:02:14.800> are<00:02:14.959> voting<00:02:15.920> with<00:02:16.080> a
to do about people who are voting with a
to do about people who are voting with a
blank<00:02:16.959> ballots<00:02:17.959> so<00:02:18.160> the<00:02:18.319> government<00:02:18.800> decided
blank ballots so the government decided
blank ballots so the government decided
to<00:02:20.000> have<00:02:20.400> the<00:02:20.560> elections<00:02:21.239> once<00:02:21.560> again<00:02:22.519> and
to have the elections once again and
to have the elections once again and
this<00:02:22.959> type<00:02:23.599> even<00:02:23.879> a<00:02:24.000> great<00:02:24.319> number<00:02:25.280> 83%<00:02:26.280> of<00:02:26.440> the
this type even a great number 83% of the
this type even a great number 83% of the
people<00:02:27.640> voted<00:02:28.040> with<00:02:28.160> a<00:02:28.319> blank<00:02:28.680> ballots<00:02:29.560> BAS
people voted with a blank ballots BAS
people voted with a blank ballots BAS
basically<00:02:30.239> they<00:02:30.360> went<00:02:30.959> to<00:02:31.120> the<00:02:31.239> ballot<00:02:31.599> boxes
basically they went to the ballot boxes
basically they went to the ballot boxes
to<00:02:32.680> tell<00:02:33.440> that<00:02:33.599> they<00:02:33.760> have<00:02:33.920> nobody<00:02:34.280> to<00:02:34.440> vote
to tell that they have nobody to vote
to tell that they have nobody to vote
for<00:02:36.000> this<00:02:36.160> is<00:02:36.360> the<00:02:36.519> opening<00:02:37.120> of<00:02:37.239> a<00:02:37.400> beautiful
for this is the opening of a beautiful
for this is the opening of a beautiful
novel<00:02:39.000> by<00:02:39.200> Joseph<00:02:39.599> sagu<00:02:40.599> called<00:02:41.280> seeing<00:02:42.280> but
novel by Joseph sagu called seeing but
novel by Joseph sagu called seeing but
in<00:02:42.560> my<00:02:42.760> view<00:02:43.040> it<00:02:43.239> very<00:02:43.480> well<00:02:43.959> captures<00:02:44.959> part<00:02:45.159> of
in my view it very well captures part of
in my view it very well captures part of
the<00:02:45.519> problem<00:02:45.920> that<00:02:46.200> we<00:02:46.560> have<00:02:46.760> with<00:02:47.000> democracy
the problem that we have with democracy
the problem that we have with democracy
in<00:02:47.560> Europe<00:02:47.879> these<00:02:48.200> days<00:02:49.200> on<00:02:49.400> one<00:02:49.640> level
in Europe these days on one level
in Europe these days on one level
nobody's<00:02:50.959> questioning<00:02:51.959> that<00:02:52.159> democracy<00:02:52.959> is
nobody's questioning that democracy is
nobody's questioning that democracy is
the<00:02:53.720> best<00:02:54.000> form<00:02:54.200> of<00:02:54.640> government<00:02:55.640> democracy<00:02:56.239> is
the best form of government democracy is
the best form of government democracy is
the<00:02:56.560> only<00:02:56.840> game<00:02:57.080> in<00:02:57.239> town<00:02:58.080> the<00:02:58.280> problem<00:02:58.560> is
the only game in town the problem is
the only game in town the problem is
that<00:02:58.840> many<00:02:59.040> people<00:02:59.280> start<00:02:59.560> to<00:02:59.879> believe<00:03:00.159> that
that many people start to believe that
that many people start to believe that
it<00:03:00.400> is<00:03:00.560> not<00:03:00.760> a<00:03:00.959> game<00:03:01.480> worth<00:03:02.159> playing<00:03:03.159> for<00:03:03.360> the
it is not a game worth playing for the
it is not a game worth playing for the
last<00:03:03.720> 30<00:03:04.080> years<00:03:04.920> political<00:03:05.440> scientists<00:03:06.159> has
last 30 years political scientists has
last 30 years political scientists has
observed<00:03:07.879> that<00:03:08.040> there<00:03:08.159> is<00:03:08.280> a<00:03:08.720> constant
observed that there is a constant
observed that there is a constant
decline<00:03:10.560> in<00:03:10.799> electoral<00:03:11.400> turnout<00:03:12.400> and<00:03:12.599> the
decline in electoral turnout and the
decline in electoral turnout and the
people<00:03:13.560> who<00:03:13.720> are<00:03:13.920> least<00:03:14.239> interested<00:03:14.720> to<00:03:14.920> vote
people who are least interested to vote
people who are least interested to vote
are<00:03:15.879> the<00:03:16.040> people<00:03:16.360> whom<00:03:16.560> you<00:03:16.760> expect<00:03:17.440> are<00:03:17.640> going
are the people whom you expect are going
are the people whom you expect are going
to<00:03:18.080> vote<00:03:18.400> to<00:03:18.599> gain<00:03:18.879> most<00:03:19.200> out<00:03:19.400> of<00:03:19.560> voting<00:03:20.360> I
to vote to gain most out of voting I
to vote to gain most out of voting I
mean<00:03:20.680> the<00:03:20.879> unemployed<00:03:21.879> than<00:03:22.200> the
mean the unemployed than the
mean the unemployed than the
privileged<00:03:23.879> and<00:03:24.000> this<00:03:24.120> is<00:03:24.200> a<00:03:24.360> major<00:03:24.720> issue
privileged and this is a major issue
privileged and this is a major issue
because<00:03:25.760> especially<00:03:26.239> now<00:03:26.680> with<00:03:26.879> the<00:03:27.040> economic
because especially now with the economic
because especially now with the economic
crisis<00:03:28.519> you<00:03:28.720> can<00:03:28.920> see<00:03:29.200> that<00:03:29.360> the<00:03:29.439> trust<00:03:29.920> in
crisis you can see that the trust in
crisis you can see that the trust in
politics<00:03:31.080> that<00:03:31.239> in<00:03:31.400> trus<00:03:31.680> in<00:03:31.879> Democratic
politics that in trus in Democratic
politics that in trus in Democratic
institutions<00:03:33.920> was<00:03:34.159> really<00:03:34.599> destroyed
institutions was really destroyed
institutions was really destroyed
according<00:03:35.959> to<00:03:36.080> the<00:03:36.280> latest<00:03:36.640> survey<00:03:37.040> being
according to the latest survey being
according to the latest survey being
done<00:03:37.439> by<00:03:37.560> the<00:03:37.760> European<00:03:38.200> commission<00:03:39.400> 89%<00:03:40.400> of
done by the European commission 89% of
done by the European commission 89% of
the<00:03:40.720> citizens<00:03:41.200> of<00:03:41.360> Europe<00:03:41.840> believe<00:03:42.720> that
the citizens of Europe believe that
the citizens of Europe believe that
there<00:03:43.000> is<00:03:43.120> a<00:03:43.239> growing<00:03:43.640> gap<00:03:44.239> between<00:03:44.519> the
there is a growing gap between the
there is a growing gap between the
opinion<00:03:45.000> of<00:03:45.120> the<00:03:45.280> policy<00:03:45.599> makers<00:03:46.439> and<00:03:46.640> the
opinion of the policy makers and the
opinion of the policy makers and the
opinion<00:03:47.120> of<00:03:47.239> the
opinion of the
opinion of the
public<00:03:49.760> only<00:03:50.319> 18%<00:03:51.319> of<00:03:51.480> the<00:03:51.640> Italians<00:03:52.400> and<00:03:52.599> 15%
public only 18% of the Italians and 15%
public only 18% of the Italians and 15%
of<00:03:53.599> Greeks<00:03:54.519> believe<00:03:54.920> that<00:03:55.120> their<00:03:55.799> vote
of Greeks believe that their vote
of Greeks believe that their vote
matters<00:03:57.439> what<00:03:57.640> basically<00:03:58.000> people<00:03:58.200> start<00:03:58.439> to
matters what basically people start to
matters what basically people start to
understand<00:03:59.560> that<00:03:59.879> they<00:04:00.000> can<00:04:00.120> change
understand that they can change
understand that they can change
governments<00:04:01.519> but<00:04:01.680> they<00:04:01.799> cannot<00:04:02.159> change
governments but they cannot change
governments but they cannot change
policies<00:04:03.959> and<00:04:04.120> the<00:04:04.280> question<00:04:04.599> which<00:04:04.760> I<00:04:04.840> want
policies and the question which I want
policies and the question which I want
to<00:04:05.200> ask<00:04:05.439> is<00:04:05.599> the<00:04:05.720> following<00:04:06.599> how<00:04:06.799> it<00:04:07.200> happened
to ask is the following how it happened
to ask is the following how it happened
that<00:04:08.360> we<00:04:08.480> are<00:04:08.599> living<00:04:08.920> in<00:04:09.040> a<00:04:09.400> societies<00:04:10.400> which
that we are living in a societies which
that we are living in a societies which
are<00:04:10.760> much<00:04:11.079> Freer<00:04:11.560> than<00:04:11.720> ever<00:04:12.000> before<00:04:12.680> we<00:04:12.840> have
are much Freer than ever before we have
are much Freer than ever before we have
more<00:04:13.319> rights<00:04:14.040> we<00:04:14.159> can<00:04:14.360> travel<00:04:15.040> easier<00:04:15.879> we<00:04:16.000> have
more rights we can travel easier we have
more rights we can travel easier we have
access<00:04:16.519> to<00:04:16.680> more<00:04:17.079> information<00:04:18.079> at<00:04:18.199> the<00:04:18.359> same
access to more information at the same
access to more information at the same
time<00:04:19.280> the<00:04:19.479> trust<00:04:19.799> in<00:04:19.919> our<00:04:20.160> Democratic
time the trust in our Democratic
time the trust in our Democratic
institutions<00:04:22.000> basically<00:04:22.479> has<00:04:22.800> collapsed<00:04:23.800> so
institutions basically has collapsed so
institutions basically has collapsed so
basically<00:04:24.360> I<00:04:24.440> want<00:04:24.600> to<00:04:24.880> ask<00:04:25.880> what<00:04:26.080> went<00:04:26.479> right
basically I want to ask what went right
basically I want to ask what went right
and<00:04:27.199> what<00:04:27.360> went<00:04:27.639> wrong<00:04:28.479> in<00:04:28.680> this<00:04:28.919> 50<00:04:29.280> years
and what went wrong in this 50 years
and what went wrong in this 50 years
when<00:04:30.160> we<00:04:30.320> talk<00:04:30.520> about<00:04:31.240> democracy<00:04:32.240> and<00:04:32.400> I'll
when we talk about democracy and I'll
when we talk about democracy and I'll
start<00:04:32.960> with<00:04:33.520> what<00:04:33.720> went<00:04:34.479> right<00:04:35.479> and<00:04:35.600> the<00:04:35.720> first
start with what went right and the first
start with what went right and the first
thing<00:04:36.120> that<00:04:36.240> went<00:04:36.560> right<00:04:37.400> was<00:04:37.680> of<00:04:37.880> course
thing that went right was of course
thing that went right was of course
these<00:04:38.919> five<00:04:39.240> revolutions<00:04:39.880> which<00:04:40.039> in<00:04:40.240> my<00:04:40.440> view
these five revolutions which in my view
these five revolutions which in my view
very<00:04:41.440> much<00:04:41.880> change<00:04:42.880> the<00:04:43.080> way<00:04:43.320> we're<00:04:43.560> living
very much change the way we're living
very much change the way we're living
and<00:04:44.080> deep<00:04:44.240> and<00:04:44.440> our<00:04:44.639> Democratic<00:04:45.160> experience
and deep and our Democratic experience
and deep and our Democratic experience
and<00:04:46.039> the<00:04:46.160> first<00:04:46.440> was<00:04:46.680> the<00:04:46.840> cultural<00:04:47.160> and
and the first was the cultural and
and the first was the cultural and
social<00:04:47.600> revolution<00:04:48.000> of<00:04:48.080> the
social revolution of the
social revolution of the
1968<00:04:49.919> and<00:04:50.240> 1970s<00:04:51.240> which<00:04:51.440> put<00:04:51.639> the<00:04:51.800> individual
1968 and 1970s which put the individual
1968 and 1970s which put the individual
at<00:04:52.600> the<00:04:52.800> center<00:04:53.120> of<00:04:53.440> politics<00:04:54.440> it<00:04:54.600> was<00:04:54.800> the
at the center of politics it was the
at the center of politics it was the
human<00:04:55.320> rights<00:04:55.680> moment<00:04:56.680> basically<00:04:57.120> this<00:04:57.280> was
human rights moment basically this was
human rights moment basically this was
also<00:04:57.880> a<00:04:58.080> major<00:04:58.440> outbreak<00:04:58.960> a<00:04:59.120> culture<00:04:59.400> of<00:04:59.840> s<00:05:00.360> a
also a major outbreak a culture of s a
also a major outbreak a culture of s a
culture
culture
culture
of<00:05:02.720> basically<00:05:03.160> non-conformism<00:05:03.960> which<00:05:04.600> was
of basically non-conformism which was
of basically non-conformism which was
not<00:05:05.000> known<00:05:05.600> before<00:05:06.600> so<00:05:07.120> I<00:05:07.199> do<00:05:07.400> believe<00:05:07.600> that
not known before so I do believe that
not known before so I do believe that
even<00:05:07.960> things<00:05:08.240> like<00:05:08.520> that<00:05:09.520> very<00:05:09.800> much<00:05:10.600> the
even things like that very much the
even things like that very much the
children<00:05:11.120> of<00:05:11.360> 68<00:05:11.960> nevertheless<00:05:12.479> that<00:05:12.639> most<00:05:12.800> of
children of 68 nevertheless that most of
children of 68 nevertheless that most of
us<00:05:13.680> have<00:05:13.840> been<00:05:14.039> even<00:05:14.240> not<00:05:14.440> born<00:05:14.840> there<00:05:15.759> but
us have been even not born there but
us have been even not born there but
after<00:05:16.120> that<00:05:16.280> you<00:05:16.360> have<00:05:16.520> the<00:05:16.600> market
after that you have the market
after that you have the market
revolution<00:05:17.360> of<00:05:17.479> the<00:05:17.720> 1980s<00:05:18.720> and<00:05:18.880> nevertheless
revolution of the 1980s and nevertheless
revolution of the 1980s and nevertheless
that<00:05:19.520> many<00:05:19.759> people<00:05:20.080> on<00:05:20.240> the<00:05:20.400> left<00:05:20.960> tries<00:05:21.280> to
that many people on the left tries to
that many people on the left tries to
hatte<00:05:21.720> it<00:05:22.039> the<00:05:22.160> truth<00:05:22.520> is<00:05:23.199> that<00:05:23.400> it<00:05:23.720> was<00:05:24.039> very
hatte it the truth is that it was very
hatte it the truth is that it was very
much<00:05:25.080> the<00:05:25.240> market<00:05:25.639> Revolution<00:05:26.120> that<00:05:26.280> sent<00:05:26.520> the
much the market Revolution that sent the
much the market Revolution that sent the
message<00:05:27.000> the<00:05:27.160> government<00:05:27.520> does<00:05:27.680> not<00:05:27.880> know
message the government does not know
message the government does not know
better<00:05:28.680> and<00:05:28.800> you<00:05:28.960> have<00:05:29.080> a<00:05:29.199> much<00:05:29.360> more<00:05:29.680> Choice
better and you have a much more Choice
better and you have a much more Choice
driven
driven
driven
societies<00:05:32.080> and<00:05:32.280> of<00:05:32.440> course<00:05:32.680> you<00:05:32.919> have<00:05:33.160> the
societies and of course you have the
societies and of course you have the
1989<00:05:34.919> the<00:05:35.039> end<00:05:35.240> of<00:05:35.759> Communism<00:05:36.759> the<00:05:36.880> end<00:05:37.039> of<00:05:37.160> the
1989 the end of Communism the end of the
1989 the end of Communism the end of the
Cold<00:05:37.560> War<00:05:38.039> and<00:05:38.199> it<00:05:38.360> was<00:05:38.560> the<00:05:38.680> birth<00:05:38.960> of<00:05:39.080> the
Cold War and it was the birth of the
Cold War and it was the birth of the
global<00:05:40.000> world<00:05:41.000> and<00:05:41.120> you<00:05:41.240> have<00:05:41.440> the<00:05:41.880> internet
global world and you have the internet
global world and you have the internet
and<00:05:43.199> this<00:05:43.319> is<00:05:43.520> not<00:05:43.720> the<00:05:43.840> audience<00:05:44.199> to<00:05:44.360> which
and this is not the audience to which
and this is not the audience to which
I'm<00:05:44.680> going<00:05:44.880> to<00:05:45.080> preach<00:05:45.360> to<00:05:45.560> what<00:05:45.800> extend<00:05:46.160> the
I'm going to preach to what extend the
I'm going to preach to what extend the
internet<00:05:46.680> empowered<00:05:47.199> people<00:05:47.919> it<00:05:48.160> has<00:05:48.319> changed
internet empowered people it has changed
internet empowered people it has changed
the<00:05:48.960> way<00:05:49.440> we<00:05:49.560> are<00:05:49.759> communicating<00:05:50.520> and
the way we are communicating and
the way we are communicating and
basically<00:05:51.039> we<00:05:51.280> viewing<00:05:51.680> Politics<00:05:52.360> the<00:05:52.479> very
basically we viewing Politics the very
basically we viewing Politics the very
idea<00:05:52.919> of<00:05:53.039> political<00:05:53.440> Community<00:05:54.000> totally<00:05:54.400> has
idea of political Community totally has
idea of political Community totally has
changed<00:05:55.520> and<00:05:55.720> I'm<00:05:55.919> going<00:05:56.199> to<00:05:56.479> name<00:05:56.840> one<00:05:57.000> more
changed and I'm going to name one more
changed and I'm going to name one more
Revolution<00:05:57.680> and<00:05:57.800> this<00:05:57.919> is<00:05:58.039> the<00:05:58.160> revolution<00:05:58.520> in
Revolution and this is the revolution in
Revolution and this is the revolution in
brain<00:05:59.000> Sciences
brain Sciences
brain Sciences
which<00:06:00.639> totally<00:06:01.039> changed<00:06:01.479> the<00:06:01.639> way<00:06:02.360> we
which totally changed the way we
which totally changed the way we
understand<00:06:03.039> how<00:06:03.240> people<00:06:03.440> are<00:06:03.600> taking
understand how people are taking
understand how people are taking
decisions<00:06:05.199> so<00:06:05.520> this<00:06:05.639> is<00:06:06.599> what<00:06:06.880> went<00:06:07.360> right<00:06:08.360> but
decisions so this is what went right but
decisions so this is what went right but
if<00:06:08.599> we're<00:06:08.840> going<00:06:08.960> to<00:06:09.080> see<00:06:09.360> what<00:06:09.520> went<00:06:09.840> wrong
if we're going to see what went wrong
if we're going to see what went wrong
we're<00:06:10.919> going<00:06:11.080> to<00:06:11.240> end<00:06:11.440> up<00:06:11.720> with<00:06:11.880> the<00:06:12.000> same<00:06:12.240> five
we're going to end up with the same five
we're going to end up with the same five
revolutions<00:06:14.560> because<00:06:14.880> first<00:06:15.080> we<00:06:15.240> have<00:06:15.400> 1960s
revolutions because first we have 1960s
revolutions because first we have 1960s
and<00:06:16.400> 1970s<00:06:17.400> cultural<00:06:17.800> and<00:06:17.960> social<00:06:18.280> Revolution
and 1970s cultural and social Revolution
and 1970s cultural and social Revolution
which<00:06:19.240> in<00:06:19.360> a<00:06:19.520> certain<00:06:19.919> way<00:06:20.479> destroyed<00:06:20.960> the
which in a certain way destroyed the
which in a certain way destroyed the
idea<00:06:21.280> of<00:06:21.360> a<00:06:21.479> collective<00:06:22.080> purpose<00:06:23.080> the<00:06:23.319> very
idea of a collective purpose the very
idea of a collective purpose the very
idea<00:06:24.039> all<00:06:24.240> these<00:06:24.479> collective<00:06:25.039> nouns<00:06:25.960> that<00:06:26.120> we
idea all these collective nouns that we
idea all these collective nouns that we
have<00:06:26.440> been<00:06:26.639> taught<00:06:26.960> about<00:06:27.720> Nation<00:06:28.599> class
have been taught about Nation class
have been taught about Nation class
family<00:06:30.000> we<00:06:30.120> start<00:06:30.319> to<00:06:30.479> like<00:06:30.720> divorcing<00:06:31.240> if
family we start to like divorcing if
family we start to like divorcing if
we're<00:06:31.560> married<00:06:31.919> at<00:06:32.080> all<00:06:32.840> all<00:06:33.080> this<00:06:33.240> was<00:06:33.560> very
we're married at all all this was very
we're married at all all this was very
much<00:06:35.039> under<00:06:35.520> attack<00:06:36.360> and<00:06:36.520> it<00:06:36.639> is<00:06:36.800> so<00:06:37.319> difficult
much under attack and it is so difficult
much under attack and it is so difficult
to<00:06:38.199> engage<00:06:38.639> people<00:06:39.440> in<00:06:39.759> politics<00:06:40.560> which<00:06:40.759> they
to engage people in politics which they
to engage people in politics which they
do<00:06:41.120> believe<00:06:41.840> that<00:06:42.039> what<00:06:42.240> really<00:06:42.520> matters<00:06:42.960> is
do believe that what really matters is
do believe that what really matters is
where<00:06:43.479> they<00:06:43.720> personally<00:06:44.240> stand<00:06:45.199> and<00:06:45.360> you<00:06:45.759> have
where they personally stand and you have
where they personally stand and you have
the<00:06:46.880> market<00:06:47.319> revolution<00:06:47.759> of<00:06:47.919> the
the market revolution of the
the market revolution of the
1980s<00:06:49.960> and<00:06:50.120> the<00:06:50.400> huge
1980s and the huge
1980s and the huge
increase<00:06:52.360> of<00:06:52.599> inequality<00:06:53.199> in<00:06:53.759> societies
increase of inequality in societies
increase of inequality in societies
remember<00:06:55.319> till
remember till
remember till
1970s<00:06:57.199> the<00:06:57.360> spread<00:06:57.680> of<00:06:57.879> democracy<00:06:58.479> has<00:06:58.680> always
1970s the spread of democracy has always
1970s the spread of democracy has always
been<00:06:59.120> a
been a
been a
by<00:07:00.680> the<00:07:01.039> decline<00:07:02.039> of<00:07:02.960> inequality<00:07:03.960> the<00:07:04.080> more
by the decline of inequality the more
by the decline of inequality the more
democratic<00:07:04.800> our<00:07:05.080> societies<00:07:05.599> have<00:07:05.800> been<00:07:06.599> the
democratic our societies have been the
democratic our societies have been the
more<00:07:07.879> unequal<00:07:08.599> they<00:07:08.759> have<00:07:08.919> been<00:07:09.240> becoming<00:07:10.240> now
more unequal they have been becoming now
more unequal they have been becoming now
we<00:07:10.599> have<00:07:10.759> the<00:07:10.919> reverse<00:07:11.680> tendency<00:07:12.680> the<00:07:12.800> spread
we have the reverse tendency the spread
we have the reverse tendency the spread
of<00:07:13.240> democracy<00:07:13.720> Now<00:07:13.879> is<00:07:14.080> very<00:07:14.240> much
of democracy Now is very much
of democracy Now is very much
accompanied<00:07:15.080> by<00:07:15.199> the<00:07:15.319> increasing
accompanied by the increasing
accompanied by the increasing
inequality<00:07:17.479> and<00:07:17.680> I<00:07:17.879> find<00:07:18.160> this<00:07:18.919> very<00:07:19.160> much
inequality and I find this very much
inequality and I find this very much
disturbing<00:07:20.400> when<00:07:20.560> we're<00:07:20.840> talking<00:07:21.400> about<00:07:22.400> uh
disturbing when we're talking about uh
disturbing when we're talking about uh
what's<00:07:22.800> going<00:07:23.080> on<00:07:23.400> right<00:07:23.680> and<00:07:23.840> wrong<00:07:24.199> with
what's going on right and wrong with
what's going on right and wrong with
democracy<00:07:25.160> these<00:07:25.400> days<00:07:26.280> and<00:07:26.440> if<00:07:26.560> you<00:07:26.720> go<00:07:26.960> to
democracy these days and if you go to
democracy these days and if you go to
the<00:07:27.599> 1989<00:07:28.599> something<00:07:28.960> that<00:07:29.160> basically<00:07:29.560> you
the 1989 something that basically you
the 1989 something that basically you
don't<00:07:29.919> expect<00:07:30.199> that<00:07:30.319> anybody's<00:07:30.759> going<00:07:30.919> to
don't expect that anybody's going to
don't expect that anybody's going to
criticize<00:07:32.120> but<00:07:32.280> many<00:07:32.479> are<00:07:32.639> going<00:07:32.800> to<00:07:32.919> tell<00:07:33.080> you
criticize but many are going to tell you
criticize but many are going to tell you
listen<00:07:33.960> it<00:07:34.160> was<00:07:34.400> the<00:07:34.520> end<00:07:34.680> of<00:07:34.840> the<00:07:34.960> Cold<00:07:35.240> War
listen it was the end of the Cold War
listen it was the end of the Cold War
that<00:07:36.199> teared<00:07:36.560> the<00:07:36.720> social<00:07:37.120> contract<00:07:38.120> between
that teared the social contract between
that teared the social contract between
the<00:07:38.639> elites<00:07:39.080> and<00:07:39.240> the<00:07:39.400> people<00:07:39.720> in<00:07:39.879> Western
the elites and the people in Western
the elites and the people in Western
Europe<00:07:41.080> when<00:07:41.280> the<00:07:41.400> Soviet<00:07:41.720> Union<00:07:42.000> was<00:07:42.199> still
Europe when the Soviet Union was still
Europe when the Soviet Union was still
there<00:07:43.280> the<00:07:43.440> rich<00:07:43.639> and<00:07:43.840> the<00:07:43.960> powerful<00:07:44.919> they
there the rich and the powerful they
there the rich and the powerful they
needed<00:07:45.599> the<00:07:45.759> people<00:07:46.479> because<00:07:46.759> they<00:07:46.879> feared
needed the people because they feared
needed the people because they feared
them<00:07:48.840> now<00:07:49.400> the<00:07:49.560> elites<00:07:50.080> basically<00:07:50.560> have<00:07:50.680> been
them now the elites basically have been
them now the elites basically have been
liberated<00:07:52.000> they're<00:07:52.280> very<00:07:52.520> mobile<00:07:52.960> you<00:07:53.120> cannot
liberated they're very mobile you cannot
liberated they're very mobile you cannot
text<00:07:53.800> them<00:07:54.199> and<00:07:54.400> basically<00:07:54.759> they<00:07:54.919> don't<00:07:55.120> fear
text them and basically they don't fear
text them and basically they don't fear
the<00:07:55.639> people<00:07:56.240> so<00:07:56.400> as<00:07:56.479> a<00:07:56.680> result<00:07:56.960> of<00:07:57.120> it<00:07:57.599> you<00:07:57.759> have
the people so as a result of it you have
the people so as a result of it you have
this<00:07:58.199> very<00:07:58.479> strange<00:07:58.879> situation
this very strange situation
this very strange situation
in<00:08:00.319> which<00:08:00.759> the<00:08:00.960> leads<00:08:01.440> basically<00:08:01.919> got<00:08:02.240> out<00:08:02.440> of
in which the leads basically got out of
in which the leads basically got out of
the<00:08:02.759> control<00:08:03.080> of<00:08:03.199> the<00:08:03.360> voters<00:08:03.759> so<00:08:04.000> this<00:08:04.080> is<00:08:04.280> not
the control of the voters so this is not
the control of the voters so this is not
by<00:08:04.759> accident<00:08:05.639> that<00:08:05.800> the<00:08:05.919> voters<00:08:06.240> are<00:08:06.400> not
by accident that the voters are not
by accident that the voters are not
interested<00:08:06.960> to<00:08:07.120> vote<00:08:07.720> anymore<00:08:08.720> and<00:08:08.919> when<00:08:09.080> we
interested to vote anymore and when we
interested to vote anymore and when we
talk<00:08:09.560> about<00:08:09.960> internet<00:08:10.960> yes<00:08:11.120> it's<00:08:11.360> true
talk about internet yes it's true
talk about internet yes it's true
Internet<00:08:12.159> connected<00:08:12.560> all<00:08:12.680> of<00:08:12.840> us<00:08:13.440> but<00:08:13.639> we<00:08:13.800> all
Internet connected all of us but we all
Internet connected all of us but we all
also<00:08:14.360> know<00:08:15.199> that<00:08:15.479> internet<00:08:15.960> created<00:08:16.479> these
also know that internet created these
also know that internet created these
eoch<00:08:17.360> Chambers<00:08:18.280> and<00:08:18.520> political<00:08:19.039> ghettos<00:08:19.879> in
eoch Chambers and political ghettos in
eoch Chambers and political ghettos in
which<00:08:20.240> for<00:08:20.440> all<00:08:20.639> your<00:08:20.960> life<00:08:21.599> you<00:08:21.759> can<00:08:21.919> stay
which for all your life you can stay
which for all your life you can stay
with<00:08:22.560> the<00:08:22.720> political<00:08:23.159> Community<00:08:23.680> you<00:08:23.879> belong
with the political Community you belong
with the political Community you belong
to<00:08:24.919> and<00:08:25.039> it's<00:08:25.280> becoming<00:08:25.680> more<00:08:25.840> and<00:08:26.000> more
to and it's becoming more and more
to and it's becoming more and more
difficult<00:08:26.960> to<00:08:27.479> understand<00:08:27.639> the<00:08:27.800> people<00:08:28.039> who
difficult to understand the people who
difficult to understand the people who
are<00:08:28.319> not<00:08:28.560> like<00:08:28.800> you<00:08:29.560> I<00:08:29.680> know<00:08:29.919> that<00:08:30.319> many<00:08:30.599> people
are not like you I know that many people
are not like you I know that many people
here<00:08:31.400> been<00:08:31.560> splendidly<00:08:32.159> speaking<00:08:32.640> about<00:08:33.360> the
here been splendidly speaking about the
here been splendidly speaking about the
digital<00:08:33.959> world<00:08:34.200> and<00:08:34.360> the<00:08:34.519> possibility<00:08:35.000> for
digital world and the possibility for
digital world and the possibility for
cooperation<00:08:36.399> but<00:08:36.519> you<00:08:36.680> can<00:08:36.880> see<00:08:37.120> what<00:08:37.240> the
cooperation but you can see what the
cooperation but you can see what the
digital<00:08:37.719> world<00:08:37.959> you<00:08:38.039> have<00:08:38.159> done<00:08:38.320> to<00:08:38.440> the
digital world you have done to the
digital world you have done to the
American<00:08:39.000> politics<00:08:39.479> these
American politics these
American politics these
days<00:08:41.360> this<00:08:41.479> is<00:08:41.680> also<00:08:42.000> part<00:08:42.240> the<00:08:42.399> result<00:08:42.680> of<00:08:42.800> the
days this is also part the result of the
days this is also part the result of the
internet<00:08:43.320> Revolution<00:08:44.039> this<00:08:44.120> is<00:08:44.320> the<00:08:44.440> other
internet Revolution this is the other
internet Revolution this is the other
side<00:08:44.959> of<00:08:45.080> the<00:08:45.200> things<00:08:45.399> that<00:08:45.600> we<00:08:45.839> like<00:08:46.800> and<00:08:46.959> when
side of the things that we like and when
side of the things that we like and when
you<00:08:47.240> go<00:08:47.360> to<00:08:47.519> the<00:08:47.640> brain<00:08:48.279> Sciences<00:08:49.279> what
you go to the brain Sciences what
you go to the brain Sciences what
political<00:08:50.040> Consultants<00:08:50.760> learned<00:08:51.760> from<00:08:51.959> the
political Consultants learned from the
political Consultants learned from the
brain<00:08:52.399> scientists<00:08:53.200> is<00:08:54.200> don't<00:08:54.440> talk<00:08:54.600> to<00:08:54.680> me
brain scientists is don't talk to me
brain scientists is don't talk to me
about<00:08:55.120> ideas<00:08:55.600> anymore<00:08:56.560> don't<00:08:56.800> talk<00:08:57.040> me<00:08:57.200> about
about ideas anymore don't talk me about
about ideas anymore don't talk me about
policy<00:08:57.959> program<00:08:58.880> what<00:08:59.079> really<00:08:59.560> matter<00:09:00.440> is
policy program what really matter is
policy program what really matter is
basically<00:09:01.800> to<00:09:02.000> manipulate<00:09:02.519> the<00:09:02.640> emotions<00:09:03.040> of
basically to manipulate the emotions of
basically to manipulate the emotions of
the
the
the
people<00:09:04.959> and<00:09:05.079> you<00:09:05.279> have<00:09:05.480> this<00:09:05.760> very<00:09:06.200> strongly
people and you have this very strongly
people and you have this very strongly
to<00:09:07.000> the<00:09:07.160> extent<00:09:07.839> that<00:09:08.000> even<00:09:08.200> if<00:09:08.320> you<00:09:08.480> see<00:09:09.079> when
to the extent that even if you see when
to the extent that even if you see when
we<00:09:09.399> talk<00:09:09.640> about<00:09:09.880> revolutions<00:09:10.480> these<00:09:10.720> days
we talk about revolutions these days
we talk about revolutions these days
these<00:09:11.440> revolutions<00:09:11.920> are<00:09:12.279> not<00:09:13.279> named<00:09:13.959> anymore
these revolutions are not named anymore
these revolutions are not named anymore
around<00:09:15.399> ideologies<00:09:16.000> or<00:09:16.200> ideas<00:09:16.959> before
around ideologies or ideas before
around ideologies or ideas before
revolutions<00:09:17.760> used<00:09:17.959> to<00:09:18.120> have<00:09:18.320> ideological
revolutions used to have ideological
revolutions used to have ideological
names<00:09:19.600> they<00:09:19.760> could<00:09:19.920> be<00:09:20.120> communist<00:09:20.600> they<00:09:20.680> could
names they could be communist they could
names they could be communist they could
be<00:09:20.959> liberal<00:09:21.360> they<00:09:21.480> could<00:09:21.640> be<00:09:21.839> fascist<00:09:22.200> or
be liberal they could be fascist or
be liberal they could be fascist or
Islamic<00:09:23.320> now<00:09:23.720> the<00:09:23.839> revolutions<00:09:24.360> are<00:09:24.600> called
Islamic now the revolutions are called
Islamic now the revolutions are called
under<00:09:25.440> the<00:09:25.600> media<00:09:25.959> which<00:09:26.079> is<00:09:26.279> most<00:09:26.560> used<00:09:27.519> you
under the media which is most used you
under the media which is most used you
have<00:09:27.920> Facebook<00:09:28.360> revolutions<00:09:29.399> Twitter's
have Facebook revolutions Twitter's
have Facebook revolutions Twitter's
revolutions<00:09:31.160> the<00:09:31.360> content<00:09:31.720> doesn't<00:09:32.040> matter
revolutions the content doesn't matter
revolutions the content doesn't matter
anymore<00:09:33.360> the<00:09:33.560> problem<00:09:33.839> is<00:09:33.959> the<00:09:34.120> media<00:09:34.880> I'm
anymore the problem is the media I'm
anymore the problem is the media I'm
saying<00:09:35.399> this<00:09:35.640> because<00:09:36.240> one<00:09:36.360> of<00:09:36.560> my<00:09:36.720> major
saying this because one of my major
saying this because one of my major
point<00:09:37.440> is<00:09:38.240> what<00:09:38.519> went<00:09:39.000> right<00:09:39.839> is<00:09:40.040> also<00:09:40.480> what
point is what went right is also what
point is what went right is also what
went<00:09:41.519> wrong<00:09:42.519> and<00:09:42.720> when<00:09:42.880> we're<00:09:43.120> now<00:09:43.320> trying<00:09:43.600> to
went wrong and when we're now trying to
went wrong and when we're now trying to
see<00:09:44.079> how<00:09:44.279> we<00:09:44.399> can<00:09:44.600> change<00:09:44.920> the<00:09:45.079> situation<00:09:45.959> when
see how we can change the situation when
see how we can change the situation when
basically<00:09:46.560> we're<00:09:46.760> trying<00:09:47.000> to<00:09:47.120> see<00:09:47.360> what<00:09:47.480> can
basically we're trying to see what can
basically we're trying to see what can
be<00:09:47.800> done<00:09:48.000> about<00:09:48.279> democracy<00:09:49.240> we<00:09:49.360> should<00:09:49.640> keep
be done about democracy we should keep
be done about democracy we should keep
this<00:09:50.040> ambiguity<00:09:50.560> in<00:09:50.720> mind<00:09:51.600> because<00:09:52.000> probably
this ambiguity in mind because probably
this ambiguity in mind because probably
some<00:09:52.560> of<00:09:52.680> the<00:09:52.800> things<00:09:53.040> that<00:09:53.160> we<00:09:53.440> love<00:09:53.800> most<00:09:54.480> are
some of the things that we love most are
some of the things that we love most are
going<00:09:54.839> to<00:09:54.959> be<00:09:55.120> also<00:09:55.360> the<00:09:55.519> things<00:09:55.760> that<00:09:55.920> can
going to be also the things that can
going to be also the things that can
hurt<00:09:56.399> us<00:09:57.120> most<00:09:58.120> these<00:09:58.279> days<00:09:58.480> is<00:09:58.680> very<00:09:59.480> kind<00:09:59.640> of
hurt us most these days is very kind of
hurt us most these days is very kind of
popular<00:10:00.640> belief<00:10:01.640> that<00:10:01.839> this<00:10:02.000> push<00:10:02.240> for
popular belief that this push for
popular belief that this push for
transparency<00:10:03.760> this<00:10:04.079> kind<00:10:04.320> of<00:10:04.440> a<00:10:04.920> combination
transparency this kind of a combination
transparency this kind of a combination
between<00:10:06.800> active<00:10:07.560> citizens<00:10:08.560> new<00:10:09.200> technologies
between active citizens new technologies
between active citizens new technologies
and<00:10:10.440> much<00:10:10.640> more<00:10:10.920> transparency<00:10:11.560> friendly
and much more transparency friendly
and much more transparency friendly
legislation<00:10:13.320> can<00:10:13.640> restore<00:10:14.640> trusting
legislation can restore trusting
legislation can restore trusting
politics<00:10:16.320> you<00:10:16.480> believe<00:10:16.800> that<00:10:16.920> when<00:10:17.040> you<00:10:17.160> have
politics you believe that when you have
politics you believe that when you have
these<00:10:17.480> new<00:10:17.680> technologies<00:10:18.200> and<00:10:18.360> people<00:10:18.600> who
these new technologies and people who
these new technologies and people who
are<00:10:18.800> ready<00:10:19.000> to<00:10:19.200> use<00:10:19.519> this<00:10:20.320> it<00:10:20.480> can<00:10:20.720> make<00:10:21.040> much
are ready to use this it can make much
are ready to use this it can make much
more<00:10:21.640> difficult<00:10:21.760> for<00:10:21.920> the<00:10:22.040> governments<00:10:22.480> to
more difficult for the governments to
more difficult for the governments to
lie<00:10:23.680> it's<00:10:23.920> going<00:10:24.079> to<00:10:24.200> be<00:10:24.320> more<00:10:24.680> difficult<00:10:24.800> for
lie it's going to be more difficult for
lie it's going to be more difficult for
them<00:10:25.120> to<00:10:25.279> steal<00:10:26.160> and<00:10:26.399> probably<00:10:26.839> it's<00:10:27.240> even
them to steal and probably it's even
them to steal and probably it's even
going<00:10:27.760> to<00:10:27.880> be<00:10:28.000> more<00:10:28.360> difficult<00:10:28.519> for<00:10:28.680> them<00:10:28.800> to
going to be more difficult for them to
going to be more difficult for them to
kill
kill
kill
this<00:10:30.279> is<00:10:30.680> probably<00:10:31.160> true<00:10:32.160> but<00:10:32.360> I<00:10:32.519> do<00:10:32.720> believe
this is probably true but I do believe
this is probably true but I do believe
that<00:10:33.160> we<00:10:33.240> should<00:10:33.560> be<00:10:33.720> also<00:10:34.120> very<00:10:34.680> clear<00:10:35.680> that
that we should be also very clear that
that we should be also very clear that
now<00:10:36.160> when<00:10:36.360> we<00:10:36.639> put<00:10:36.880> the<00:10:37.560> transparency<00:10:38.560> at<00:10:38.760> the
now when we put the transparency at the
now when we put the transparency at the
center<00:10:39.279> of<00:10:39.519> politics<00:10:40.360> where<00:10:40.560> the<00:10:40.760> message<00:10:41.160> is
center of politics where the message is
center of politics where the message is
it<00:10:41.880> is<00:10:42.040> the<00:10:42.240> transparency<00:10:43.160> stupid
it is the transparency stupid
it is the transparency stupid
transparency<00:10:44.760> is<00:10:44.920> not<00:10:45.079> about<00:10:45.440> restoring
transparency is not about restoring
transparency is not about restoring
trust<00:10:46.240> in<00:10:46.600> institutions<00:10:47.600> transparency<00:10:48.240> is<00:10:48.320> a
trust in institutions transparency is a
trust in institutions transparency is a
Politics<00:10:49.000> as<00:10:49.720> management<00:10:50.279> of
Politics as management of
Politics as management of
mistrust<00:10:52.560> we<00:10:52.720> are<00:10:52.880> assuming<00:10:53.440> that<00:10:53.600> our
mistrust we are assuming that our
mistrust we are assuming that our
societies<00:10:54.360> are<00:10:54.519> going<00:10:54.680> to<00:10:54.839> be<00:10:55.000> based<00:10:55.279> on
societies are going to be based on
societies are going to be based on
mistrust<00:10:56.959> and<00:10:57.120> by<00:10:57.200> the<00:10:57.320> way<00:10:57.440> mistrust<00:10:57.880> was
mistrust and by the way mistrust was
mistrust and by the way mistrust was
always<00:10:58.279> very<00:10:58.480> important<00:10:58.760> for<00:10:58.920> democracy<00:10:59.600> this
always very important for democracy this
always very important for democracy this
is<00:10:59.800> why<00:10:59.920> you<00:11:00.079> have<00:11:00.320> check<00:11:00.519> in<00:11:00.760> balances<00:11:01.600> this
is why you have check in balances this
is why you have check in balances this
is<00:11:01.920> why<00:11:02.160> basically<00:11:02.519> you<00:11:02.760> have<00:11:03.639> all<00:11:03.920> this<00:11:04.560> uh
is why basically you have all this uh
is why basically you have all this uh
creative<00:11:05.240> mistrust<00:11:05.839> between<00:11:06.120> the
creative mistrust between the
creative mistrust between the
representatives<00:11:07.000> and<00:11:07.200> Those<00:11:07.399> whom<00:11:07.600> they
representatives and Those whom they
representatives and Those whom they
represent<00:11:08.920> but<00:11:09.120> when<00:11:09.440> politics<00:11:10.360> is<00:11:10.720> only
represent but when politics is only
represent but when politics is only
management<00:11:12.360> of<00:11:12.680> mistrust<00:11:13.680> then<00:11:14.160> I'm<00:11:14.360> very
management of mistrust then I'm very
management of mistrust then I'm very
glad<00:11:14.800> that<00:11:14.959> 1984<00:11:15.839> have<00:11:16.000> been<00:11:16.279> mentioned<00:11:17.279> now
glad that 1984 have been mentioned now
glad that 1984 have been mentioned now
we're<00:11:17.600> going<00:11:17.760> to<00:11:17.920> have<00:11:18.240> 1984<00:11:19.240> in<00:11:19.600> Reverse<00:11:20.600> it's
we're going to have 1984 in Reverse it's
we're going to have 1984 in Reverse it's
not<00:11:20.959> going<00:11:21.120> to<00:11:21.200> be<00:11:21.360> the<00:11:21.480> big<00:11:21.680> brother<00:11:21.959> watching
not going to be the big brother watching
not going to be the big brother watching
you<00:11:23.079> it's<00:11:23.360> going<00:11:23.519> to<00:11:23.639> be<00:11:23.800> we<00:11:24.000> being<00:11:24.240> the<00:11:24.360> Big
you it's going to be we being the Big
you it's going to be we being the Big
Brother<00:11:24.839> watching<00:11:25.160> the<00:11:25.279> political<00:11:26.200> class<00:11:27.200> but
Brother watching the political class but
Brother watching the political class but
is<00:11:27.680> this<00:11:27.880> the<00:11:28.040> idea<00:11:28.279> of<00:11:28.399> a<00:11:28.839> free<00:11:29.600> Society<00:11:30.600> for
is this the idea of a free Society for
is this the idea of a free Society for
example<00:11:31.200> can<00:11:31.320> you<00:11:31.800> imagine<00:11:32.800> that<00:11:32.920> a<00:11:33.240> decent
example can you imagine that a decent
example can you imagine that a decent
Civic<00:11:34.760> talented<00:11:35.320> people<00:11:36.160> is<00:11:36.360> going<00:11:36.560> to<00:11:36.720> run
Civic talented people is going to run
Civic talented people is going to run
for<00:11:37.279> office<00:11:38.279> if<00:11:38.480> they<00:11:38.680> really<00:11:38.959> do<00:11:39.240> believe
for office if they really do believe
for office if they really do believe
that<00:11:40.240> politics<00:11:40.639> is<00:11:40.839> also<00:11:41.079> about<00:11:41.320> managing
that politics is also about managing
that politics is also about managing
mistrust<00:11:43.880> are<00:11:44.000> you<00:11:44.160> not<00:11:44.360> afraid<00:11:44.680> that<00:11:44.839> with
mistrust are you not afraid that with
mistrust are you not afraid that with
all<00:11:45.279> these<00:11:45.720> technologies<00:11:46.720> that<00:11:46.839> are<00:11:47.040> going<00:11:47.240> to
all these technologies that are going to
all these technologies that are going to
track<00:11:48.160> down<00:11:48.920> any<00:11:49.160> statement<00:11:49.600> the<00:11:49.760> politicians
track down any statement the politicians
track down any statement the politicians
are<00:11:50.440> going<00:11:50.600> to<00:11:50.800> make<00:11:51.000> on<00:11:51.160> certain<00:11:51.560> issues<00:11:52.399> are
are going to make on certain issues are
are going to make on certain issues are
you<00:11:52.680> not<00:11:52.839> afraid<00:11:53.120> that<00:11:53.279> it's<00:11:53.399> a<00:11:53.519> very<00:11:53.720> going<00:11:53.839> to
you not afraid that it's a very going to
you not afraid that it's a very going to
be<00:11:54.079> a<00:11:54.240> very<00:11:54.560> strong<00:11:54.760> signal<00:11:55.120> to<00:11:55.360> politicians
be a very strong signal to politicians
be a very strong signal to politicians
to<00:11:56.800> repeat<00:11:57.800> their<00:11:58.079> positions<00:11:58.880> even<00:11:59.240> the<00:11:59.360> very
to repeat their positions even the very
to repeat their positions even the very
wrong<00:11:59.959> positions<00:12:00.959> because<00:12:01.320> consistency<00:12:02.200> is
wrong positions because consistency is
wrong positions because consistency is
going<00:12:02.519> to<00:12:02.680> be<00:12:02.800> more<00:12:03.000> important<00:12:03.399> than<00:12:03.600> common
going to be more important than common
going to be more important than common
sense<00:12:04.720> and<00:12:05.000> the<00:12:05.160> Americans<00:12:05.560> who<00:12:05.680> are<00:12:05.800> in<00:12:05.920> the
sense and the Americans who are in the
sense and the Americans who are in the
room<00:12:06.360> are<00:12:06.480> you<00:12:06.639> not<00:12:06.800> afraid<00:12:07.120> that<00:12:07.279> your
room are you not afraid that your
room are you not afraid that your
presidents<00:12:08.440> are<00:12:08.639> going<00:12:08.839> to<00:12:09.079> govern<00:12:09.320> on<00:12:09.480> the
presidents are going to govern on the
presidents are going to govern on the
base<00:12:09.880> what<00:12:10.040> they<00:12:10.120> said<00:12:10.320> on<00:12:10.480> the<00:12:10.639> primary
base what they said on the primary
base what they said on the primary
elections<00:12:13.440> I<00:12:13.600> find<00:12:13.800> this<00:12:14.160> extremely
elections I find this extremely
elections I find this extremely
important<00:12:15.120> because<00:12:15.480> democracy<00:12:16.199> is<00:12:16.480> about
important because democracy is about
important because democracy is about
people<00:12:17.360> changing<00:12:17.880> their<00:12:18.279> views<00:12:19.279> based<00:12:19.560> on<00:12:19.680> the
people changing their views based on the
people changing their views based on the
rational<00:12:20.240> arguments<00:12:20.680> and<00:12:21.279> discussions<00:12:22.279> and
rational arguments and discussions and
rational arguments and discussions and
we<00:12:22.600> can<00:12:22.800> lose<00:12:23.240> this<00:12:23.920> with<00:12:24.079> the<00:12:24.279> very<00:12:24.519> Noble
we can lose this with the very Noble
we can lose this with the very Noble
idea<00:12:25.920> to<00:12:26.199> keep<00:12:26.480> people<00:12:26.880> accountable<00:12:27.720> for
idea to keep people accountable for
idea to keep people accountable for
showing<00:12:28.279> the<00:12:28.440> people<00:12:28.680> that<00:12:28.800> we're<00:12:28.959> not<00:12:29.240> going
showing the people that we're not going
showing the people that we're not going
to<00:12:29.600> tolerate<00:12:30.079> politicians<00:12:30.600> their
to tolerate politicians their
to tolerate politicians their
opportunism<00:12:31.800> in<00:12:32.240> politics<00:12:33.240> so<00:12:33.440> for<00:12:33.600> me<00:12:33.800> this
opportunism in politics so for me this
opportunism in politics so for me this
is<00:12:34.160> extremely<00:12:34.680> important<00:12:35.079> and<00:12:35.279> I<00:12:35.399> do<00:12:35.600> believe
is extremely important and I do believe
is extremely important and I do believe
that<00:12:36.000> when<00:12:36.160> we<00:12:36.480> discussing<00:12:37.480> politics<00:12:37.959> these
that when we discussing politics these
that when we discussing politics these
days<00:12:39.199> probably<00:12:39.560> it<00:12:39.760> makes<00:12:40.040> sense<00:12:40.920> to<00:12:41.079> look
days probably it makes sense to look
days probably it makes sense to look
also<00:12:42.279> about<00:12:42.639> this<00:12:42.800> type<00:12:43.000> of<00:12:43.079> a<00:12:43.279> story<00:12:44.199> and<00:12:44.360> also
also about this type of a story and also
also about this type of a story and also
don't<00:12:44.760> forget<00:12:45.519> any<00:12:45.839> unveiling<00:12:46.480> is<00:12:46.639> also
don't forget any unveiling is also
don't forget any unveiling is also
veiling<00:12:48.000> nevertheless<00:12:48.560> how<00:12:48.839> transparent<00:12:49.760> our
veiling nevertheless how transparent our
veiling nevertheless how transparent our
governments<00:12:50.480> want<00:12:50.720> to<00:12:50.920> be<00:12:51.440> they're<00:12:51.680> going<00:12:51.839> to
governments want to be they're going to
governments want to be they're going to
be<00:12:52.120> selectively<00:12:52.720> transparent<00:12:53.720> in<00:12:53.839> a<00:12:54.000> small
be selectively transparent in a small
be selectively transparent in a small
country<00:12:54.680> that<00:12:54.839> could<00:12:55.000> be<00:12:55.199> my<00:12:55.399> country<00:12:55.680> but
country that could be my country but
country that could be my country but
could<00:12:56.000> be<00:12:56.120> also<00:12:56.320> your<00:12:56.560> country<00:12:57.240> they<00:12:57.399> took<00:12:57.560> a
could be also your country they took a
could be also your country they took a
decision<00:12:58.040> that<00:12:58.160> it's<00:12:58.279> a<00:12:58.399> real<00:12:58.680> case<00:12:58.839> story
decision that it's a real case story
decision that it's a real case story
that<00:13:00.160> all<00:13:00.440> of<00:13:00.639> the<00:13:00.839> governmental<00:13:01.720> decisions
that all of the governmental decisions
that all of the governmental decisions
discussions<00:13:03.320> of<00:13:03.480> the<00:13:03.600> Council<00:13:03.880> of<00:13:04.040> ministers
discussions of the Council of ministers
discussions of the Council of ministers
are<00:13:04.639> going<00:13:04.760> to<00:13:04.920> be<00:13:05.399> published<00:13:06.399> on<00:13:07.040> the
are going to be published on the
are going to be published on the
internet<00:13:07.800> 24<00:13:08.639> hours<00:13:09.639> after<00:13:10.320> the<00:13:10.519> council
internet 24 hours after the council
internet 24 hours after the council
discussions<00:13:11.519> took<00:13:11.800> place<00:13:12.399> and<00:13:12.519> the<00:13:12.680> public
discussions took place and the public
discussions took place and the public
was<00:13:13.120> extremely<00:13:13.720> eoric<00:13:14.720> so<00:13:14.880> I<00:13:15.000> had<00:13:15.199> the
was extremely eoric so I had the
was extremely eoric so I had the
opportunity<00:13:15.760> to<00:13:15.920> talk<00:13:16.040> to<00:13:16.160> the<00:13:16.279> Prime
opportunity to talk to the Prime
opportunity to talk to the Prime
Minister<00:13:16.880> why<00:13:17.000> he<00:13:17.120> took<00:13:17.360> this<00:13:17.560> decision<00:13:18.199> and
Minister why he took this decision and
Minister why he took this decision and
he<00:13:18.480> said<00:13:18.760> listen<00:13:19.279> this<00:13:19.399> is<00:13:19.560> the<00:13:19.760> best<00:13:20.079> way<00:13:20.519> to
he said listen this is the best way to
he said listen this is the best way to
keep<00:13:20.959> the<00:13:21.120> mouths<00:13:21.440> of<00:13:21.600> my<00:13:21.760> ministers
keep the mouths of my ministers
keep the mouths of my ministers
closed<00:13:25.320> because<00:13:25.560> it's<00:13:25.760> going<00:13:25.920> to<00:13:26.079> be<00:13:26.279> very
closed because it's going to be very
closed because it's going to be very
difficult<00:13:26.959> for<00:13:27.120> them<00:13:27.279> to<00:13:27.480> descent<00:13:28.040> knowing
difficult for them to descent knowing
difficult for them to descent knowing
that<00:13:28.560> 24<00:13:28.920> hours<00:13:29.120> hours<00:13:29.680> after<00:13:30.199> this<00:13:30.320> is<00:13:30.480> going
that 24 hours hours after this is going
that 24 hours hours after this is going
to<00:13:30.720> be<00:13:30.839> on<00:13:30.959> the<00:13:31.160> public<00:13:31.680> space<00:13:32.680> and<00:13:33.000> this<00:13:33.120> is<00:13:33.320> in
to be on the public space and this is in
to be on the public space and this is in
a<00:13:33.600> certain<00:13:33.880> way<00:13:34.040> going<00:13:34.199> to<00:13:34.320> be<00:13:34.399> a<00:13:34.560> political
a certain way going to be a political
a certain way going to be a political
crisis<00:13:35.839> so<00:13:36.040> when<00:13:36.160> we<00:13:36.320> talk<00:13:36.480> about
crisis so when we talk about
crisis so when we talk about
transparency<00:13:37.639> when<00:13:37.760> we<00:13:37.920> talk<00:13:38.120> about<00:13:38.360> openness
transparency when we talk about openness
transparency when we talk about openness
I<00:13:39.279> really<00:13:39.480> do<00:13:39.720> believe<00:13:40.000> that<00:13:40.160> we<00:13:40.240> should<00:13:40.480> keep
I really do believe that we should keep
I really do believe that we should keep
in<00:13:40.800> mind<00:13:41.079> is<00:13:41.600> that<00:13:41.839> what<00:13:42.079> went<00:13:42.440> right<00:13:42.720> is<00:13:43.320> what
in mind is that what went right is what
in mind is that what went right is what
went<00:13:44.160> wrong<00:13:45.000> and<00:13:45.240> this<00:13:45.360> is<00:13:45.720> G<00:13:46.279> who<00:13:46.399> is<00:13:46.600> neither
went wrong and this is G who is neither
went wrong and this is G who is neither
Bulgarian<00:13:47.800> no<00:13:48.040> political<00:13:48.519> scientist<00:13:49.519> some
Bulgarian no political scientist some
Bulgarian no political scientist some
centuries<00:13:50.320> ago<00:13:50.639> he<00:13:50.880> said<00:13:51.800> there<00:13:51.920> is<00:13:52.040> a<00:13:52.279> big
centuries ago he said there is a big
centuries ago he said there is a big
shadow<00:13:53.320> where<00:13:53.560> there<00:13:53.680> is<00:13:53.880> much<00:13:54.160> light<00:13:54.920> thank
shadow where there is much light thank
shadow where there is much light thank
you<00:13:55.240> very<00:13:55.440> much
you very much
you very much
[Music]
Ivan Krastev, political, revolution, politics, theory, democracy, TED, TED-Ed, TED, Ed, TEDEducation
