Questioning the universe - Stephen Hawking
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there<00:00:17.330> is<00:00:17.540> nothing<00:00:17.780> bigger<00:00:18.230> older<00:00:18.680> than<00:00:19.190> the
there is nothing bigger older than the
there is nothing bigger older than the
universe<00:00:22.090> the<00:00:23.090> questions<00:00:23.660> I<00:00:23.840> would<00:00:24.110> like<00:00:24.320> to
universe the questions I would like to
universe the questions I would like to
talk<00:00:24.800> about<00:00:25.100> our<00:00:28.000> one<00:00:29.650> where<00:00:30.650> did<00:00:30.890> we<00:00:31.039> come
talk about our one where did we come
talk about our one where did we come
from<00:00:32.350> how<00:00:33.350> did<00:00:33.620> the<00:00:33.770> universe<00:00:34.070> come<00:00:34.370> into
from how did the universe come into
from how did the universe come into
being<00:00:36.489> are<00:00:37.489> we<00:00:37.699> alone<00:00:38.000> in<00:00:38.059> the<00:00:38.420> universe<00:00:39.370> is
being are we alone in the universe is
being are we alone in the universe is
there<00:00:40.760> alien<00:00:41.300> life<00:00:41.600> out<00:00:41.870> there<00:00:42.699> what<00:00:43.699> is<00:00:43.850> the
there alien life out there what is the
there alien life out there what is the
future<00:00:44.330> of<00:00:44.540> the<00:00:44.839> human<00:00:45.260> race<00:00:45.850> up<00:00:46.850> until<00:00:47.420> the
future of the human race up until the
future of the human race up until the
1920s<00:00:48.940> everyone<00:00:49.940> thought<00:00:50.180> the<00:00:50.479> universe<00:00:50.780> was
1920s everyone thought the universe was
1920s everyone thought the universe was
essentially<00:00:52.040> static<00:00:52.370> and<00:00:52.729> unchanging<00:00:52.820> in
essentially static and unchanging in
essentially static and unchanging in
time<00:00:54.670> then<00:00:55.670> it<00:00:55.879> was<00:00:56.059> discovered<00:00:56.300> that<00:00:56.750> the
time then it was discovered that the
time then it was discovered that the
universe<00:00:57.229> was<00:00:57.830> expanding<00:00:59.470> distant<00:01:00.470> galaxies
universe was expanding distant galaxies
universe was expanding distant galaxies
were<00:01:01.430> moving<00:01:01.460> away<00:01:02.030> from<00:01:02.269> us<00:01:04.030> this<00:01:05.030> meant<00:01:05.330> they
were moving away from us this meant they
were moving away from us this meant they
must<00:01:05.840> have<00:01:06.110> been<00:01:06.350> closer<00:01:06.680> together<00:01:07.130> in<00:01:07.640> the
must have been closer together in the
must have been closer together in the
past<00:01:08.590> if<00:01:09.590> we<00:01:09.880> extrapolate<00:01:10.880> back<00:01:11.210> we<00:01:11.930> find<00:01:12.229> they
past if we extrapolate back we find they
past if we extrapolate back we find they
must<00:01:12.799> have<00:01:13.100> all<00:01:13.340> been<00:01:13.610> on<00:01:13.790> top<00:01:14.090> of<00:01:14.120> each<00:01:14.540> other
must have all been on top of each other
must have all been on top of each other
about<00:01:15.680> 15<00:01:16.340> billion<00:01:16.880> years<00:01:16.909> ago<00:01:18.250> this<00:01:19.250> was<00:01:19.520> the
about 15 billion years ago this was the
about 15 billion years ago this was the
Big<00:01:19.909> Bang<00:01:20.210> the<00:01:20.960> beginning<00:01:21.140> of<00:01:21.680> the<00:01:21.829> universe
Big Bang the beginning of the universe
Big Bang the beginning of the universe
but<00:01:24.049> was<00:01:24.289> there<00:01:24.560> anything<00:01:24.950> before<00:01:25.610> the<00:01:25.850> Big
but was there anything before the Big
but was there anything before the Big
Bang<00:01:26.770> if<00:01:27.770> not<00:01:28.219> what<00:01:29.030> created<00:01:29.630> a<00:01:29.750> universe<00:01:30.909> why
Bang if not what created a universe why
Bang if not what created a universe why
did<00:01:32.149> the<00:01:32.299> universe<00:01:32.810> emerge<00:01:33.170> from<00:01:33.530> the<00:01:33.829> Big
did the universe emerge from the Big
did the universe emerge from the Big
Bang<00:01:34.310> the<00:01:35.119> way<00:01:35.270> it<00:01:35.479> did<00:01:36.729> we<00:01:37.729> used<00:01:38.030> to<00:01:38.240> think
Bang the way it did we used to think
Bang the way it did we used to think
that<00:01:38.630> the<00:01:38.960> theory<00:01:39.350> of<00:01:39.380> the<00:01:39.530> universe<00:01:39.729> could<00:01:40.729> be
that the theory of the universe could be
that the theory of the universe could be
divided<00:01:41.479> into<00:01:41.630> two<00:01:41.990> parts<00:01:43.149> first<00:01:44.149> there<00:01:44.509> were
divided into two parts first there were
divided into two parts first there were
the<00:01:44.840> laws<00:01:45.229> like<00:01:45.590> Maxwell's<00:01:46.310> equations<00:01:47.060> and
the laws like Maxwell's equations and
the laws like Maxwell's equations and
general<00:01:47.810> relativity<00:01:48.280> that<00:01:49.280> determine<00:01:49.909> the
general relativity that determine the
general relativity that determine the
evolution<00:01:50.840> of<00:01:50.960> the<00:01:51.140> universe
evolution of the universe
evolution of the universe
given<00:01:52.429> its<00:01:52.640> state<00:01:53.030> over<00:01:53.450> all<00:01:53.630> space<00:01:54.020> at<00:01:54.350> one
given its state over all space at one
given its state over all space at one
time<00:01:55.780> one<00:01:56.780> second<00:01:57.439> there<00:01:58.070> was<00:01:58.369> no<00:01:58.429> question<00:01:58.609> of
time one second there was no question of
time one second there was no question of
the<00:01:59.270> initial<00:01:59.869> state<00:02:00.170> of<00:02:00.229> the<00:02:00.439> universe<00:02:02.259> we
the initial state of the universe we
the initial state of the universe we
have<00:02:03.560> made<00:02:03.799> good<00:02:04.130> progress<00:02:04.429> on<00:02:04.969> the<00:02:05.149> first
have made good progress on the first
have made good progress on the first
part<00:02:05.869> and<00:02:06.469> now<00:02:06.740> have<00:02:07.069> a<00:02:07.100> knowledge<00:02:07.670> of<00:02:07.880> the
part and now have a knowledge of the
part and now have a knowledge of the
laws<00:02:08.300> of<00:02:08.690> evolution<00:02:09.050> in<00:02:09.590> all<00:02:09.770> but<00:02:10.009> the<00:02:10.069> most
laws of evolution in all but the most
laws of evolution in all but the most
extreme<00:02:11.000> conditions<00:02:11.780> but<00:02:12.470> until<00:02:12.860> recently<00:02:13.150> we
extreme conditions but until recently we
extreme conditions but until recently we
have<00:02:14.420> had<00:02:14.720> little<00:02:14.990> idea<00:02:15.200> about<00:02:15.710> the<00:02:16.010> initial
have had little idea about the initial
have had little idea about the initial
conditions<00:02:17.150> for<00:02:17.240> the<00:02:17.660> universe<00:02:18.760> however<00:02:19.760> this
conditions for the universe however this
conditions for the universe however this
division<00:02:21.200> into<00:02:21.500> laws<00:02:21.740> of<00:02:22.130> evolution<00:02:22.490> an
division into laws of evolution an
division into laws of evolution an
initial
initial
initial
ditions<00:02:24.660> depends<00:02:25.660> on<00:02:25.840> time<00:02:26.140> and<00:02:26.470> space<00:02:26.740> being
ditions depends on time and space being
ditions depends on time and space being
separate<00:02:27.820> and<00:02:28.000> distinct<00:02:29.430> under<00:02:30.430> extreme
separate and distinct under extreme
separate and distinct under extreme
conditions<00:02:31.650> general<00:02:32.650> relativity<00:02:33.490> and
conditions general relativity and
conditions general relativity and
quantum<00:02:33.700> theory<00:02:34.420> allow<00:02:34.900> time<00:02:34.960> to<00:02:35.290> behave<00:02:35.950> like
quantum theory allow time to behave like
quantum theory allow time to behave like
another<00:02:36.610> dimension<00:02:37.390> of<00:02:37.540> space<00:02:42.210> this<00:02:43.210> removes
another dimension of space this removes
another dimension of space this removes
a<00:02:43.900> distinction<00:02:44.350> between<00:02:44.770> time<00:02:45.400> and<00:02:45.430> space<00:02:45.730> and
a distinction between time and space and
a distinction between time and space and
means<00:02:46.930> the<00:02:47.200> laws<00:02:47.440> of<00:02:47.830> evolution<00:02:48.210> can<00:02:49.210> also
means the laws of evolution can also
means the laws of evolution can also
determine<00:02:50.110> the<00:02:50.530> initial<00:02:50.770> state<00:02:53.970> the<00:02:54.970> universe
determine the initial state the universe
determine the initial state the universe
can<00:02:55.720> spontaneously<00:02:56.680> created<00:02:57.250> self<00:02:57.580> out<00:02:57.820> of
can spontaneously created self out of
can spontaneously created self out of
nothing<00:03:01.350> moreover<00:03:02.460> we<00:03:03.460> can<00:03:03.760> calculate<00:03:04.240> the
nothing moreover we can calculate the
nothing moreover we can calculate the
probability<00:03:05.050> that<00:03:05.740> the<00:03:06.070> universe<00:03:06.580> is<00:03:06.820> created
probability that the universe is created
probability that the universe is created
in<00:03:07.480> different<00:03:07.660> states<00:03:09.000> these<00:03:10.000> predictions
in different states these predictions
in different states these predictions
are<00:03:10.900> in<00:03:11.050> excellent<00:03:11.590> agreement<00:03:11.680> with
are in excellent agreement with
are in excellent agreement with
observations<00:03:13.270> by<00:03:13.540> the<00:03:13.570> WMAP<00:03:14.230> satellite<00:03:14.590> of
observations by the WMAP satellite of
observations by the WMAP satellite of
the<00:03:15.490> Cosmic<00:03:16.450> Microwave<00:03:16.480> Background<00:03:17.550> which<00:03:18.550> is
the Cosmic Microwave Background which is
the Cosmic Microwave Background which is
an<00:03:19.000> imprint<00:03:19.390> of<00:03:19.570> the<00:03:19.750> very<00:03:19.990> early<00:03:20.500> universe<00:03:22.470> we
an imprint of the very early universe we
an imprint of the very early universe we
think<00:03:23.800> we<00:03:24.040> have<00:03:24.280> solved<00:03:24.790> the<00:03:24.970> mystery<00:03:25.330> of
think we have solved the mystery of
think we have solved the mystery of
creation
creation
creation
maybe<00:03:27.790> we<00:03:28.180> should<00:03:28.510> patent<00:03:29.050> the<00:03:29.170> universe
maybe we should patent the universe
maybe we should patent the universe
encourage<00:03:30.640> everyone<00:03:31.120> royalties<00:03:31.930> for<00:03:32.200> their
encourage everyone royalties for their
encourage everyone royalties for their
existence<00:03:33.010> I<00:03:36.090> now<00:03:37.090> turned<00:03:37.510> on<00:03:37.780> the<00:03:37.930> second<00:03:38.410> big
existence I now turned on the second big
existence I now turned on the second big
question<00:03:39.250> are<00:03:39.670> we<00:03:39.730> alone<00:03:40.420> or<00:03:40.900> is<00:03:41.230> there<00:03:41.500> other
question are we alone or is there other
question are we alone or is there other
life<00:03:41.920> in<00:03:42.460> the<00:03:42.490> universe<00:03:46.500> we<00:03:47.500> believe<00:03:47.920> that
life in the universe we believe that
life in the universe we believe that
life<00:03:48.430> arose<00:03:48.910> spontaneously<00:03:49.290> on<00:03:50.290> the<00:03:50.470> earth<00:03:50.650> so
life arose spontaneously on the earth so
life arose spontaneously on the earth so
it<00:03:51.610> must<00:03:51.880> be<00:03:52.000> possible<00:03:52.810> for<00:03:53.080> life<00:03:53.290> to<00:03:53.590> appear
it must be possible for life to appear
it must be possible for life to appear
another<00:03:54.370> suitable<00:03:54.880> planets<00:03:55.570> of<00:03:55.780> which<00:03:56.350> there
another suitable planets of which there
another suitable planets of which there
seemed<00:03:57.010> to<00:03:57.280> be<00:03:57.460> a<00:03:57.490> large<00:03:57.820> number<00:03:58.150> in<00:03:58.510> the
seemed to be a large number in the
seemed to be a large number in the
galaxy<00:04:01.230> but<00:04:02.230> we<00:04:02.440> don't<00:04:02.740> know<00:04:03.040> how<00:04:03.340> life<00:04:03.640> first
galaxy but we don't know how life first
galaxy but we don't know how life first
appeared<00:04:06.630> we<00:04:07.630> have<00:04:07.930> two<00:04:08.200> pieces<00:04:08.560> of
appeared we have two pieces of
appeared we have two pieces of
observational<00:04:10.000> evidence<00:04:10.180> and<00:04:10.780> the
observational evidence and the
observational evidence and the
probability<00:04:11.830> of<00:04:11.980> life<00:04:12.190> appearing<00:04:14.460> the<00:04:15.460> first
probability of life appearing the first
probability of life appearing the first
is<00:04:15.970> that<00:04:16.150> we<00:04:16.359> have<00:04:16.390> fossils<00:04:17.230> of<00:04:17.410> algae<00:04:17.890> from
is that we have fossils of algae from
is that we have fossils of algae from
3.5<00:04:19.720> billion<00:04:20.109> years<00:04:20.350> ago<00:04:21.690> the<00:04:22.690> earth<00:04:22.900> was
3.5 billion years ago the earth was
3.5 billion years ago the earth was
formed<00:04:23.590> 4.6<00:04:24.520> billion<00:04:25.120> years<00:04:25.360> ago<00:04:25.930> and<00:04:26.380> was
formed 4.6 billion years ago and was
formed 4.6 billion years ago and was
probably<00:04:27.220> too<00:04:27.820> hot<00:04:28.090> for<00:04:28.450> about<00:04:28.750> the<00:04:29.020> first
probably too hot for about the first
probably too hot for about the first
half<00:04:29.440> billion<00:04:29.980> years
so<00:04:37.010> life<00:04:37.310> appeared<00:04:37.940> on<00:04:38.090> earth<00:04:38.120> within<00:04:39.050> half<00:04:39.350> a
so life appeared on earth within half a
so life appeared on earth within half a
billion<00:04:39.830> years<00:04:40.070> of<00:04:40.460> it<00:04:40.820> being<00:04:41.090> possible<00:04:41.900> which
billion years of it being possible which
billion years of it being possible which
is<00:04:42.710> short<00:04:43.010> compared<00:04:43.670> to<00:04:43.910> the<00:04:44.090> ten<00:04:44.330> billion
is short compared to the ten billion
is short compared to the ten billion
year<00:04:45.110> lifetime<00:04:45.470> of<00:04:45.980> a<00:04:46.010> planet<00:04:46.610> of<00:04:46.730> earth<00:04:46.910> type
year lifetime of a planet of earth type
year lifetime of a planet of earth type
the<00:04:48.950> suggests<00:04:49.580> that<00:04:49.880> the<00:04:50.120> probability<00:04:50.990> of
the suggests that the probability of
the suggests that the probability of
life<00:04:51.350> appearing<00:04:52.160> is<00:04:52.340> recently<00:04:52.910> high<00:04:53.290> if<00:04:54.290> it
life appearing is recently high if it
life appearing is recently high if it
was<00:04:55.160> very<00:04:55.370> low<00:04:55.760> one<00:04:56.480> would<00:04:56.780> have<00:04:56.930> expected<00:04:57.200> it
was very low one would have expected it
was very low one would have expected it
to<00:04:58.040> take<00:04:58.280> most<00:04:58.640> of<00:04:58.940> the<00:04:59.120> 10<00:04:59.360> billion<00:04:59.900> years
to take most of the 10 billion years
to take most of the 10 billion years
available<00:05:00.650> on<00:05:01.690> the<00:05:02.690> other<00:05:02.900> hand<00:05:03.320> we<00:05:04.040> don't
available on the other hand we don't
available on the other hand we don't
seem<00:05:04.760> to<00:05:05.030> have<00:05:05.180> been<00:05:05.240> visited<00:05:05.960> by<00:05:05.990> aliens
seem to have been visited by aliens
seem to have been visited by aliens
I<00:05:07.270> am<00:05:08.270> discounting<00:05:08.960> reports<00:05:09.530> of<00:05:09.710> UFOs<00:05:11.260> why
I am discounting reports of UFOs why
I am discounting reports of UFOs why
would<00:05:12.530> they<00:05:12.710> appear<00:05:13.100> only<00:05:13.130> to<00:05:13.760> cranks<00:05:14.240> and
would they appear only to cranks and
would they appear only to cranks and
weirdos<00:05:16.840> if<00:05:17.840> there<00:05:18.230> is<00:05:18.410> a<00:05:18.620> government
weirdos if there is a government
weirdos if there is a government
conspiracy<00:05:19.520> to<00:05:20.360> suppress<00:05:20.840> the<00:05:21.020> reports<00:05:21.590> and
conspiracy to suppress the reports and
conspiracy to suppress the reports and
keep<00:05:22.460> for<00:05:22.760> itself<00:05:23.060> the<00:05:23.420> scientific<00:05:24.290> knowledge
keep for itself the scientific knowledge
keep for itself the scientific knowledge
the<00:05:25.040> aliens<00:05:25.520> bring<00:05:25.910> it<00:05:26.450> seems<00:05:26.930> to<00:05:27.200> have<00:05:27.410> been<00:05:27.620> a
the aliens bring it seems to have been a
the aliens bring it seems to have been a
singularly<00:05:28.250> ineffective<00:05:28.930> policy<00:05:29.930> so<00:05:30.230> far
furthermore<00:05:36.260> despite<00:05:36.860> an<00:05:37.400> extensive<00:05:37.550> search
furthermore despite an extensive search
furthermore despite an extensive search
by<00:05:38.690> the<00:05:38.750> SETI<00:05:39.200> project<00:05:39.950> we<00:05:40.700> have<00:05:40.970> heard<00:05:41.570> any
by the SETI project we have heard any
by the SETI project we have heard any
alien<00:05:42.350> television<00:05:43.190> quiz<00:05:43.490> shows<00:05:44.740> this
alien television quiz shows this
alien television quiz shows this
probably<00:05:46.220> indicates<00:05:46.970> that<00:05:47.180> there<00:05:47.510> are<00:05:47.720> no
probably indicates that there are no
probably indicates that there are no
alien<00:05:48.430> civilizations<00:05:49.430> at<00:05:49.670> our<00:05:50.180> stage<00:05:50.600> of
alien civilizations at our stage of
alien civilizations at our stage of
development<00:05:51.620> within<00:05:52.340> a<00:05:52.640> radius<00:05:52.820> of<00:05:53.240> a<00:05:53.390> few
development within a radius of a few
development within a radius of a few
hundred<00:05:54.200> light<00:05:54.410> years<00:05:55.810> issuing<00:05:56.810> an<00:05:56.990> insurance
hundred light years issuing an insurance
hundred light years issuing an insurance
policy<00:05:58.370> against<00:05:58.850> abduction<00:05:59.330> by<00:05:59.750> aliens<00:06:00.070> seems
policy against abduction by aliens seems
policy against abduction by aliens seems
a<00:06:01.310> pretty<00:06:01.610> safe<00:06:01.970> bet<00:06:04.720> this<00:06:05.720> brings<00:06:06.080> me<00:06:06.260> to<00:06:06.410> the
a pretty safe bet this brings me to the
a pretty safe bet this brings me to the
last<00:06:07.040> of<00:06:07.250> the<00:06:07.460> big<00:06:07.670> questions<00:06:08.300> the<00:06:08.990> future<00:06:09.500> of
last of the big questions the future of
last of the big questions the future of
the<00:06:09.830> human<00:06:10.250> race<00:06:10.480> if<00:06:11.480> we<00:06:12.350> are<00:06:12.530> the<00:06:12.740> only
the human race if we are the only
the human race if we are the only
intelligent<00:06:13.970> beings<00:06:14.090> in<00:06:14.600> the<00:06:14.750> galaxy<00:06:14.950> we
intelligent beings in the galaxy we
intelligent beings in the galaxy we
should<00:06:16.280> make<00:06:16.490> sure<00:06:16.520> we<00:06:16.880> survive<00:06:17.720> and<00:06:17.990> continue
but<00:06:22.340> we<00:06:22.370> are<00:06:22.700> entering<00:06:23.060> an<00:06:23.360> increasingly
but we are entering an increasingly
but we are entering an increasingly
dangerous<00:06:24.440> period<00:06:25.250> of<00:06:25.580> our<00:06:25.760> history<00:06:25.880> our
population<00:06:32.630> in<00:06:32.750> our<00:06:32.930> use<00:06:33.230> of<00:06:33.560> the<00:06:33.710> finite
population in our use of the finite
population in our use of the finite
resources<00:06:34.220> of<00:06:35.120> planet<00:06:35.630> Earth<00:06:35.750> are<00:06:36.260> growing
resources of planet Earth are growing
resources of planet Earth are growing
exponentially<00:06:37.580> along<00:06:38.420> with<00:06:39.050> our<00:06:39.230> technical
exponentially along with our technical
exponentially along with our technical
ability<00:06:40.160> to<00:06:40.760> change<00:06:41.060> the<00:06:41.390> environment<00:06:41.570> for
ability to change the environment for
ability to change the environment for
good<00:06:42.650> or<00:06:42.830> ill
but<00:06:48.200> our<00:06:48.380> genetic<00:06:49.010> code<00:06:49.040> still<00:06:49.700> carries<00:06:50.240> the
but our genetic code still carries the
but our genetic code still carries the
selfish<00:06:50.930> and<00:06:51.110> aggressive<00:06:51.460> instincts<00:06:52.460> that
selfish and aggressive instincts that
selfish and aggressive instincts that
were<00:06:53.360> a<00:06:53.390> survival<00:06:54.200> advantage<00:06:54.800> in<00:06:55.010> the<00:06:55.190> past<00:06:59.290> it
were a survival advantage in the past it
were a survival advantage in the past it
will<00:07:00.590> be<00:07:00.830> difficult<00:07:01.070> enough<00:07:01.790> to<00:07:02.030> avoid
will be difficult enough to avoid
will be difficult enough to avoid
disaster<00:07:03.050> in<00:07:03.200> the<00:07:03.350> next<00:07:03.680> hundred<00:07:04.010> years<00:07:04.300> let
disaster in the next hundred years let
disaster in the next hundred years let
alone<00:07:05.330> the<00:07:05.900> next<00:07:06.230> thousand<00:07:06.830> or<00:07:06.980> million<00:07:10.900> our
alone the next thousand or million our
alone the next thousand or million our
only<00:07:12.260> chance<00:07:12.800> of<00:07:13.190> long-term<00:07:13.750> survival<00:07:14.750> is<00:07:15.140> not
only chance of long-term survival is not
only chance of long-term survival is not
to<00:07:15.770> remain<00:07:16.160> in<00:07:16.370> red<00:07:16.580> lurking<00:07:17.060> on<00:07:17.270> planet<00:07:17.810> earth
to remain in red lurking on planet earth
to remain in red lurking on planet earth
but<00:07:18.650> to<00:07:18.890> spread<00:07:19.130> out<00:07:19.430> into<00:07:19.640> space<00:07:22.570> the<00:07:23.570> answers
but to spread out into space the answers
but to spread out into space the answers
to<00:07:24.260> these<00:07:24.470> big<00:07:24.710> questions<00:07:25.090> show<00:07:26.090> that<00:07:26.450> we<00:07:26.660> have
to these big questions show that we have
to these big questions show that we have
made<00:07:27.170> remarkable<00:07:27.410> progress<00:07:28.010> in<00:07:28.550> the<00:07:28.880> last
made remarkable progress in the last
made remarkable progress in the last
hundred<00:07:29.480> years<00:07:30.790> but<00:07:31.790> if<00:07:31.940> we<00:07:32.150> want<00:07:32.450> to<00:07:32.570> continue
hundred years but if we want to continue
hundred years but if we want to continue
beyond<00:07:33.770> the<00:07:33.980> next<00:07:34.190> hundred<00:07:34.640> years<00:07:35.210> our
beyond the next hundred years our
beyond the next hundred years our
futures<00:07:36.590> in<00:07:36.920> space<00:07:39.130> that<00:07:40.130> is<00:07:40.310> why<00:07:40.520> I'm<00:07:40.730> in
futures in space that is why I'm in
futures in space that is why I'm in
favor<00:07:41.240> of<00:07:41.420> manned<00:07:41.840> or<00:07:42.230> should<00:07:42.770> I<00:07:42.800> say<00:07:43.300> person'd
favor of manned or should I say person'd
favor of manned or should I say person'd
space<00:07:45.050> flight<00:07:50.350> all<00:07:51.350> my<00:07:51.740> life<00:07:52.040> I<00:07:52.370> have<00:07:52.970> sought
space flight all my life I have sought
space flight all my life I have sought
to<00:07:53.300> understand<00:07:54.230> the<00:07:54.350> universe<00:07:54.490> and<00:07:55.490> find
to understand the universe and find
to understand the universe and find
answers<00:07:56.420> to<00:07:56.450> these<00:07:56.840> questions<00:07:57.080> I<00:07:58.270> have<00:07:59.270> been
answers to these questions I have been
answers to these questions I have been
very<00:07:59.720> lucky<00:08:00.140> that<00:08:00.590> my<00:08:01.090> disability<00:08:02.090> has<00:08:02.120> not
very lucky that my disability has not
very lucky that my disability has not
been<00:08:02.900> a<00:08:02.930> serious<00:08:03.530> handicap<00:08:04.240> indeed<00:08:05.240> it<00:08:05.840> has
been a serious handicap indeed it has
been a serious handicap indeed it has
probably<00:08:06.500> given<00:08:07.040> me<00:08:07.460> more<00:08:07.700> time<00:08:07.760> than<00:08:08.420> most
probably given me more time than most
probably given me more time than most
people<00:08:09.350> to<00:08:09.530> pursue<00:08:09.920> a<00:08:09.950> quest<00:08:10.490> for<00:08:10.640> knowledge
the<00:08:15.680> ultimate<00:08:16.220> goal<00:08:16.520> is<00:08:16.550> a<00:08:16.820> complete<00:08:17.480> theory
the ultimate goal is a complete theory
the ultimate goal is a complete theory
of<00:08:18.140> the<00:08:18.290> universe<00:08:18.320> and<00:08:19.310> we<00:08:19.610> are<00:08:19.790> making<00:08:19.970> good
of the universe and we are making good
of the universe and we are making good
progress<00:08:24.700> thank<00:08:25.700> you<00:08:26.060> for<00:08:26.360> listening
professor<00:08:30.350> if<00:08:30.530> you<00:08:30.800> had<00:08:31.070> to<00:08:31.490> guess<00:08:32.000> either<00:08:32.360> way
professor if you had to guess either way
professor if you had to guess either way
do<00:08:33.860> you<00:08:33.950> now<00:08:34.130> believe<00:08:34.160> that<00:08:34.550> it<00:08:35.150> is<00:08:35.390> more
do you now believe that it is more
do you now believe that it is more
likely<00:08:35.960> than<00:08:36.140> not<00:08:36.290> but<00:08:37.130> we<00:08:37.280> are<00:08:37.660> alone<00:08:38.660> in<00:08:38.990> the
likely than not but we are alone in the
likely than not but we are alone in the
Milky<00:08:39.470> Way<00:08:39.620> as<00:08:40.010> a<00:08:41.000> civilization<00:08:41.930> of<00:08:42.530> our<00:08:42.830> level
Milky Way as a civilization of our level
Milky Way as a civilization of our level
of<00:08:43.250> intelligence<00:08:43.760> or<00:08:44.090> higher
this<00:09:00.580> this<00:09:01.120> answer<00:09:01.750> took<00:09:02.610> seven<00:09:03.610> minutes<00:09:03.940> and
this this answer took seven minutes and
this this answer took seven minutes and
really<00:09:05.230> gave<00:09:05.500> me<00:09:05.650> an<00:09:05.740> insight<00:09:06.100> into<00:09:06.490> the
really gave me an insight into the
really gave me an insight into the
incredible<00:09:07.920> act<00:09:08.920> of<00:09:09.130> generosity<00:09:09.460> this<00:09:09.910> whole
incredible act of generosity this whole
incredible act of generosity this whole
talk<00:09:10.360> was<00:09:10.390> for<00:09:10.960> Ted
I<00:09:21.270> think<00:09:22.270> it<00:09:22.510> quite<00:09:22.810> likely<00:09:23.230> that<00:09:23.710> we<00:09:24.340> are<00:09:24.520> the
I think it quite likely that we are the
I think it quite likely that we are the
only<00:09:25.120> civilization<00:09:25.690> within<00:09:26.380> several<00:09:26.860> hundred
only civilization within several hundred
only civilization within several hundred
light<00:09:27.760> years<00:09:29.070> otherwise<00:09:30.070> we<00:09:31.030> would<00:09:31.300> have
light years otherwise we would have
light years otherwise we would have
heard<00:09:31.810> radio<00:09:32.290> waves<00:09:35.100> the<00:09:36.100> alternative<00:09:36.880> is
heard radio waves the alternative is
heard radio waves the alternative is
that<00:09:37.320> civilizations<00:09:38.320> don't<00:09:38.650> last<00:09:39.010> very<00:09:39.190> long
that civilizations don't last very long
that civilizations don't last very long
but<00:09:40.570> destroyed<00:09:41.080> themselves<00:09:43.440> professor
but destroyed themselves professor
but destroyed themselves professor
Hawking<00:09:44.740> thank<00:09:45.010> you<00:09:45.160> for<00:09:45.400> that<00:09:45.790> answer<00:09:46.350> we
Hawking thank you for that answer we
Hawking thank you for that answer we
will<00:09:47.500> take<00:09:47.650> it<00:09:47.800> as<00:09:47.890> a<00:09:47.950> salutary<00:09:48.880> warning<00:09:49.360> I
will take it as a salutary warning I
will take it as a salutary warning I
think<00:09:49.720> for<00:09:50.080> the<00:09:50.560> rest<00:09:50.710> of<00:09:50.830> our<00:09:50.950> conference
think for the rest of our conference
think for the rest of our conference
this<00:09:51.670> week<00:09:52.980> professor<00:09:53.980> we<00:09:54.730> really<00:09:54.940> thank<00:09:55.120> you
this week professor we really thank you
this week professor we really thank you
for<00:09:55.480> the<00:09:55.630> extraordinary<00:09:56.440> effort<00:09:56.770> you<00:09:57.130> made<00:09:57.400> to
for the extraordinary effort you made to
for the extraordinary effort you made to
share<00:09:58.540> your<00:09:58.690> questions<00:09:59.140> with<00:09:59.740> us<00:09:59.770> today
share your questions with us today
share your questions with us today
thank<00:10:00.820> you<00:10:00.910> very<00:10:01.060> much<00:10:01.270> indeed
thank you very much indeed
thank you very much indeed
[Applause]
you
Stephen Hawking, universe, astronomy, beginning, universe, how, did, life, begin, origins, of, life, TEDEducation, TED-Ed, TED, Ed
