The dance of the dung beetle - Marcus Byrne
thank<00:00:11.940> you
this<00:00:16.560> is<00:00:16.740> cool
this is cool
this is cool
and<00:00:18.539> what<00:00:18.660> I<00:00:18.779> want<00:00:18.900> to<00:00:19.080> do<00:00:19.199> today<00:00:19.500> is<00:00:19.920> share<00:00:20.340> my
and what I want to do today is share my
and what I want to do today is share my
passion<00:00:20.939> for<00:00:21.180> Pooh<00:00:21.600> with<00:00:21.840> you
passion for Pooh with you
passion for Pooh with you
um<00:00:23.420> which<00:00:24.420> might<00:00:24.900> be<00:00:25.080> quite<00:00:25.320> difficult
um which might be quite difficult
um which might be quite difficult
but<00:00:27.119> I<00:00:28.019> think<00:00:28.080> what<00:00:28.320> you<00:00:28.500> might<00:00:28.619> find<00:00:28.859> more
but I think what you might find more
but I think what you might find more
fascinating<00:00:29.640> is<00:00:30.000> the<00:00:30.240> way<00:00:30.359> these<00:00:30.779> small
fascinating is the way these small
fascinating is the way these small
animals<00:00:31.560> deal<00:00:31.859> with<00:00:32.160> poo<00:00:32.520> so<00:00:33.360> this<00:00:33.600> animal
animals deal with poo so this animal
animals deal with poo so this animal
here<00:00:34.200> has<00:00:34.680> got<00:00:34.860> a<00:00:35.040> brain<00:00:35.340> about<00:00:35.700> the<00:00:36.059> size<00:00:36.180> of<00:00:36.360> a
here has got a brain about the size of a
here has got a brain about the size of a
grain<00:00:36.719> of<00:00:36.899> rice
grain of rice
grain of rice
and<00:00:38.219> yet<00:00:38.399> it<00:00:38.640> can<00:00:38.820> do<00:00:39.059> things<00:00:39.360> that<00:00:39.719> you<00:00:39.840> and<00:00:39.960> I
and yet it can do things that you and I
and yet it can do things that you and I
couldn't<00:00:40.320> possibly<00:00:40.739> entertain<00:00:41.399> the<00:00:42.000> idea<00:00:42.300> of
couldn't possibly entertain the idea of
couldn't possibly entertain the idea of
doing<00:00:42.660> and<00:00:43.500> basically<00:00:43.920> it's<00:00:44.520> all<00:00:44.760> evolved<00:00:45.600> to
doing and basically it's all evolved to
doing and basically it's all evolved to
handle<00:00:46.320> its<00:00:46.800> food<00:00:46.920> source<00:00:47.340> which<00:00:47.700> is<00:00:47.820> done
handle its food source which is done
handle its food source which is done
so<00:00:49.559> the<00:00:49.680> question<00:00:49.800> is<00:00:50.100> where<00:00:50.760> do<00:00:50.879> we<00:00:51.059> start
so the question is where do we start
so the question is where do we start
this<00:00:51.480> story<00:00:51.719> and<00:00:52.200> it<00:00:52.320> seems<00:00:52.680> appropriate<00:00:53.160> to
this story and it seems appropriate to
this story and it seems appropriate to
start<00:00:53.579> at<00:00:53.820> the<00:00:54.000> end<00:00:54.180> because<00:00:55.140> this<00:00:55.980> is<00:00:56.100> a<00:00:56.280> waste
start at the end because this is a waste
start at the end because this is a waste
product<00:00:56.879> that<00:00:57.420> comes<00:00:57.660> out<00:00:57.780> of<00:00:57.960> other<00:00:58.079> animals
product that comes out of other animals
product that comes out of other animals
but<00:00:59.340> it<00:00:59.460> still<00:00:59.640> contains<00:01:00.120> nutrients<00:01:00.800> and
but it still contains nutrients and
but it still contains nutrients and
there<00:01:02.100> are<00:01:02.219> sufficient<00:01:02.520> nutrients<00:01:03.059> in<00:01:03.300> there
there are sufficient nutrients in there
there are sufficient nutrients in there
for<00:01:03.719> dung<00:01:03.960> beetles<00:01:04.440> basically<00:01:05.040> to<00:01:05.280> make<00:01:05.460> a
for dung beetles basically to make a
for dung beetles basically to make a
living<00:01:05.760> and<00:01:06.420> so<00:01:06.540> dung<00:01:06.840> beetles<00:01:07.200> eat<00:01:07.500> dung<00:01:07.860> and
living and so dung beetles eat dung and
living and so dung beetles eat dung and
their<00:01:08.580> larvae<00:01:09.119> are<00:01:09.900> also<00:01:10.439> done<00:01:10.740> feeders<00:01:11.340> they
their larvae are also done feeders they
their larvae are also done feeders they
are<00:01:11.880> grown<00:01:12.240> completely<00:01:12.720> in<00:01:12.960> a<00:01:13.140> ball<00:01:13.260> of<00:01:13.439> dunk
are grown completely in a ball of dunk
are grown completely in a ball of dunk
within<00:01:15.360> South<00:01:15.540> Africa<00:01:15.900> we've<00:01:16.320> got<00:01:16.439> about<00:01:16.619> 800
within South Africa we've got about 800
within South Africa we've got about 800
species<00:01:17.580> of<00:01:17.760> dung<00:01:17.939> beetles<00:01:18.360> in<00:01:18.900> Africa<00:01:19.260> we've
species of dung beetles in Africa we've
species of dung beetles in Africa we've
got<00:01:19.740> 2<00:01:20.460> 000<00:01:20.580> species<00:01:20.939> of<00:01:21.119> dung<00:01:21.360> beetles<00:01:21.720> and<00:01:22.259> in
got 2 000 species of dung beetles and in
got 2 000 species of dung beetles and in
the<00:01:22.619> world<00:01:22.860> we<00:01:23.220> have<00:01:23.340> about<00:01:23.520> 6<00:01:24.479> 000<00:01:24.540> species<00:01:24.960> of
the world we have about 6 000 species of
the world we have about 6 000 species of
dumb<00:01:25.320> beetles<00:01:26.220> so<00:01:26.880> according<00:01:27.420> to<00:01:27.659> dumb
dumb beetles so according to dumb
dumb beetles so according to dumb
beetles<00:01:28.439> dung<00:01:29.280> is<00:01:29.460> pretty<00:01:29.640> good
beetles dung is pretty good
beetles dung is pretty good
um<00:01:31.020> but<00:01:31.439> unless<00:01:31.740> you're<00:01:31.920> prepared<00:01:32.280> to<00:01:32.400> get
um but unless you're prepared to get
um but unless you're prepared to get
done<00:01:33.240> under<00:01:33.540> your<00:01:33.780> fingernails<00:01:34.259> and<00:01:34.380> root
done under your fingernails and root
done under your fingernails and root
through<00:01:34.860> the<00:01:35.040> dung<00:01:35.280> itself<00:01:35.640> you'll<00:01:36.420> never<00:01:36.600> see
through the dung itself you'll never see
through the dung itself you'll never see
ninety<00:01:37.680> percent<00:01:37.799> of<00:01:38.040> the<00:01:38.159> dung<00:01:38.340> beetle
ninety percent of the dung beetle
ninety percent of the dung beetle
species<00:01:39.000> because<00:01:39.360> they<00:01:39.659> go<00:01:39.840> directly<00:01:40.200> into
species because they go directly into
species because they go directly into
the<00:01:40.619> dunk<00:01:41.460> straight<00:01:42.000> down<00:01:42.180> below<00:01:42.540> it<00:01:42.659> and<00:01:43.140> then
the dunk straight down below it and then
the dunk straight down below it and then
they<00:01:43.380> shuttle<00:01:43.740> back<00:01:43.920> and<00:01:44.040> forth<00:01:44.340> between<00:01:44.579> the
they shuttle back and forth between the
they shuttle back and forth between the
dung<00:01:45.060> at<00:01:45.600> the<00:01:45.720> soil<00:01:45.960> surface<00:01:46.320> and<00:01:46.560> a<00:01:46.740> nest<00:01:46.920> they
dung at the soil surface and a nest they
dung at the soil surface and a nest they
make<00:01:47.280> underground
make underground
make underground
so
so
so
the<00:01:50.700> question<00:01:50.820> is<00:01:51.119> is<00:01:51.360> how<00:01:51.780> do<00:01:51.899> they<00:01:52.140> deal<00:01:52.680> with
the question is is how do they deal with
the question is is how do they deal with
this<00:01:53.220> material<00:01:53.820> and<00:01:54.720> most<00:01:54.960> dumb<00:01:55.140> beetles
this material and most dumb beetles
this material and most dumb beetles
actually<00:01:56.040> wrap<00:01:56.399> it<00:01:56.520> into<00:01:56.759> a<00:01:57.000> package<00:01:57.240> of<00:01:57.420> some
actually wrap it into a package of some
actually wrap it into a package of some
sort<00:01:57.960> 10<00:01:58.920> of<00:01:59.460> the<00:01:59.579> species<00:02:00.240> actually<00:02:00.780> make<00:02:01.079> a
sort 10 of the species actually make a
sort 10 of the species actually make a
ball
ball
ball
and<00:02:02.700> this<00:02:02.880> fall<00:02:03.180> they<00:02:03.899> roll<00:02:04.140> away<00:02:04.380> from<00:02:05.040> the
and this fall they roll away from the
and this fall they roll away from the
dung<00:02:05.399> sauce<00:02:05.759> usually<00:02:06.540> bury<00:02:06.899> it<00:02:07.020> at<00:02:07.259> a<00:02:07.439> remote
dung sauce usually bury it at a remote
dung sauce usually bury it at a remote
place<00:02:07.979> away<00:02:08.580> from<00:02:08.819> the<00:02:09.000> dung<00:02:09.239> sauce<00:02:09.920> and<00:02:10.920> they
place away from the dung sauce and they
place away from the dung sauce and they
have<00:02:11.640> a<00:02:11.879> very<00:02:12.000> particular<00:02:12.420> Behavior<00:02:13.020> by<00:02:13.620> which
have a very particular Behavior by which
have a very particular Behavior by which
they<00:02:14.819> are<00:02:15.060> able<00:02:15.360> to<00:02:15.720> roll<00:02:16.140> their<00:02:16.500> balls
they are able to roll their balls
they are able to roll their balls
so<00:02:18.360> this<00:02:18.660> is<00:02:18.780> a<00:02:19.020> very<00:02:19.140> proud<00:02:19.440> owner
so this is a very proud owner
so this is a very proud owner
of<00:02:20.819> the<00:02:21.060> beautiful<00:02:21.239> dung<00:02:21.599> ball<00:02:21.840> you<00:02:22.020> can<00:02:22.140> see
of the beautiful dung ball you can see
of the beautiful dung ball you can see
it's<00:02:22.319> a<00:02:22.560> male<00:02:22.680> because<00:02:22.980> it's<00:02:23.160> got<00:02:23.280> a<00:02:23.400> little
it's a male because it's got a little
it's a male because it's got a little
hair<00:02:23.700> on<00:02:23.879> the<00:02:24.000> back<00:02:24.120> of<00:02:24.239> his<00:02:24.360> legs<00:02:24.660> there<00:02:24.900> and
hair on the back of his legs there and
hair on the back of his legs there and
he's<00:02:25.560> clearly<00:02:25.980> very<00:02:26.280> pleased<00:02:26.760> about<00:02:27.560> what
he's clearly very pleased about what
he's clearly very pleased about what
he's<00:02:28.739> sitting<00:02:29.040> on<00:02:29.160> there<00:02:29.400> and<00:02:30.300> then<00:02:30.420> he's
he's sitting on there and then he's
he's sitting on there and then he's
about<00:02:30.959> to<00:02:31.200> become<00:02:31.440> a<00:02:31.620> victim<00:02:31.920> of<00:02:32.280> a<00:02:32.400> vicious
about to become a victim of a vicious
about to become a victim of a vicious
Smash<00:02:33.239> and<00:02:33.360> grab
and<00:02:37.860> this<00:02:37.980> is<00:02:38.099> a<00:02:38.340> clear<00:02:38.520> indication<00:02:39.440> that<00:02:40.440> this
and this is a clear indication that this
and this is a clear indication that this
is<00:02:40.800> a<00:02:41.040> valuable<00:02:41.400> resource
is a valuable resource
is a valuable resource
and<00:02:43.440> so<00:02:43.620> valuable<00:02:44.099> resources<00:02:44.700> have<00:02:45.239> to<00:02:45.420> be
and so valuable resources have to be
and so valuable resources have to be
looked<00:02:46.319> after<00:02:46.440> and<00:02:47.400> guarded<00:02:47.940> in<00:02:48.120> a<00:02:48.239> particular
looked after and guarded in a particular
looked after and guarded in a particular
way<00:02:48.780> and<00:02:49.319> we<00:02:49.620> think<00:02:49.860> the<00:02:50.280> reason<00:02:50.459> they<00:02:50.700> roll
way and we think the reason they roll
way and we think the reason they roll
the<00:02:51.060> balls<00:02:51.360> away<00:02:51.540> is<00:02:52.319> because<00:02:52.500> of<00:02:52.800> this
the balls away is because of this
the balls away is because of this
because<00:02:53.340> of<00:02:53.640> the<00:02:53.819> competition<00:02:54.239> that<00:02:54.840> is
because of the competition that is
because of the competition that is
involved<00:02:55.500> in<00:02:55.860> getting<00:02:56.099> hold<00:02:56.340> of<00:02:56.519> that<00:02:56.700> done<00:02:56.940> so
involved in getting hold of that done so
involved in getting hold of that done so
this<00:02:58.019> dumb<00:02:58.319> pact<00:02:58.800> was<00:02:59.400> actually<00:02:59.640> well<00:03:00.000> it
this dumb pact was actually well it
this dumb pact was actually well it
wasn't<00:03:00.420> done<00:03:00.599> Pat<00:03:00.900> 15<00:03:01.200> minutes<00:03:01.440> before<00:03:01.739> this
wasn't done Pat 15 minutes before this
wasn't done Pat 15 minutes before this
Photograph<00:03:02.340> was<00:03:02.640> taken<00:03:03.000> and<00:03:03.660> we<00:03:03.840> think<00:03:04.019> it's
Photograph was taken and we think it's
Photograph was taken and we think it's
the<00:03:04.860> intense<00:03:05.280> competition<00:03:05.819> that<00:03:06.300> makes<00:03:06.599> the
the intense competition that makes the
the intense competition that makes the
Beatles
Beatles
Beatles
um<00:03:08.459> so<00:03:09.300> well<00:03:09.900> adapted<00:03:10.379> to<00:03:10.500> rolling<00:03:11.040> balls<00:03:11.640> of
um so well adapted to rolling balls of
um so well adapted to rolling balls of
dump<00:03:12.480> so<00:03:12.959> what<00:03:13.140> you've<00:03:13.319> got<00:03:13.440> to<00:03:13.560> imagine<00:03:13.620> here
dump so what you've got to imagine here
dump so what you've got to imagine here
in here<00:03:14.879> here<00:03:14.940> moving<00:03:15.780> across<00:03:16.140> the<00:03:16.260> African
in here here moving across the African
in here here moving across the African
felt
felt
felt
its<00:03:18.780> head<00:03:18.840> is<00:03:19.080> down<00:03:19.379> it's<00:03:20.280> walking<00:03:20.519> backwards
its head is down it's walking backwards
its head is down it's walking backwards
it's<00:03:22.140> the<00:03:22.379> most<00:03:22.620> bizarre<00:03:23.220> way<00:03:23.459> to<00:03:23.760> actually
it's the most bizarre way to actually
it's the most bizarre way to actually
transport<00:03:24.659> your<00:03:24.900> food<00:03:25.080> in<00:03:25.379> any<00:03:25.500> particular
transport your food in any particular
transport your food in any particular
direction<00:03:26.480> and<00:03:27.480> at<00:03:27.900> the<00:03:28.019> same<00:03:28.140> time<00:03:28.379> it's<00:03:28.560> got
direction and at the same time it's got
direction and at the same time it's got
to<00:03:28.860> deal<00:03:29.040> with<00:03:29.220> the<00:03:29.400> Heat<00:03:29.519> this<00:03:30.239> is<00:03:30.300> Africa
to deal with the Heat this is Africa
to deal with the Heat this is Africa
it's<00:03:31.200> hot<00:03:31.440> so<00:03:32.340> what<00:03:32.700> I<00:03:32.819> want<00:03:32.940> to<00:03:33.060> share<00:03:33.120> with
it's hot so what I want to share with
it's hot so what I want to share with
you<00:03:33.480> now<00:03:33.720> are<00:03:34.019> some<00:03:34.200> of<00:03:34.319> the<00:03:34.440> experiments<00:03:35.220> that
you now are some of the experiments that
you now are some of the experiments that
myself<00:03:35.879> and<00:03:36.239> my<00:03:36.480> colleagues<00:03:36.840> have<00:03:37.140> used<00:03:37.580> to
myself and my colleagues have used to
myself and my colleagues have used to
investigate<00:03:39.959> our<00:03:40.440> dung<00:03:40.739> beetles<00:03:41.099> deal<00:03:41.940> with
investigate our dung beetles deal with
investigate our dung beetles deal with
these<00:03:42.480> problems
these problems
these problems
so<00:03:44.340> watch<00:03:44.700> this<00:03:44.940> people
so watch this people
so watch this people
and<00:03:46.680> there's<00:03:46.860> two<00:03:47.099> things<00:03:47.340> that<00:03:47.580> I<00:03:47.700> would<00:03:47.819> like
and there's two things that I would like
and there's two things that I would like
you<00:03:48.060> to<00:03:48.239> be<00:03:48.360> aware<00:03:48.720> of
you to be aware of
you to be aware of
the<00:03:50.819> first<00:03:51.000> is<00:03:51.299> how<00:03:51.540> it<00:03:51.720> deals<00:03:52.080> with<00:03:52.319> this
the first is how it deals with this
the first is how it deals with this
obstacle<00:03:52.980> that<00:03:53.159> we've<00:03:53.340> put<00:03:53.459> in<00:03:53.580> its<00:03:53.819> way<00:03:53.879> see
obstacle that we've put in its way see
obstacle that we've put in its way see
look<00:03:54.360> there's<00:03:54.540> a<00:03:54.720> little<00:03:54.840> dance
look there's a little dance
look there's a little dance
and<00:03:56.280> then<00:03:56.400> it<00:03:56.580> carries<00:03:56.940> on<00:03:57.120> in<00:03:57.720> exactly<00:03:58.140> the
and then it carries on in exactly the
and then it carries on in exactly the
same<00:03:58.500> direction<00:03:58.799> that<00:03:59.340> it<00:03:59.519> took<00:03:59.819> in<00:03:59.879> the<00:04:00.060> first
same direction that it took in the first
same direction that it took in the first
place
place
place
little<00:04:02.640> dance<00:04:03.060> and<00:04:03.900> then<00:04:04.019> heads<00:04:04.319> off<00:04:04.440> in<00:04:04.620> a
little dance and then heads off in a
little dance and then heads off in a
particular<00:04:04.980> direction
particular direction
particular direction
so<00:04:06.780> clearly<00:04:07.260> this<00:04:07.680> animal<00:04:07.860> knows<00:04:08.459> where<00:04:08.700> it's
so clearly this animal knows where it's
so clearly this animal knows where it's
going<00:04:09.060> and<00:04:09.840> it<00:04:10.019> knows<00:04:10.260> where<00:04:10.439> it<00:04:10.560> wants<00:04:10.860> to<00:04:10.920> go
going and it knows where it wants to go
going and it knows where it wants to go
and<00:04:11.280> that's<00:04:11.459> a<00:04:11.700> very<00:04:11.819> very<00:04:12.000> important<00:04:12.480> thing
and that's a very very important thing
and that's a very very important thing
because<00:04:13.200> if<00:04:13.379> you<00:04:13.500> think<00:04:13.680> about<00:04:13.799> it<00:04:13.980> you're<00:04:14.220> at
because if you think about it you're at
because if you think about it you're at
the<00:04:14.519> dump<00:04:14.760> pile<00:04:15.000> you've<00:04:15.720> got<00:04:15.840> this<00:04:16.440> great<00:04:16.739> big
the dump pile you've got this great big
the dump pile you've got this great big
pie<00:04:17.820> that<00:04:18.120> you<00:04:18.239> want<00:04:18.359> to<00:04:18.419> get<00:04:18.540> away<00:04:18.660> from
pie that you want to get away from
pie that you want to get away from
everybody<00:04:19.380> else<00:04:19.739> and<00:04:20.340> the<00:04:20.519> quickest<00:04:20.699> way<00:04:20.820> to
everybody else and the quickest way to
everybody else and the quickest way to
do<00:04:21.120> it<00:04:21.239> is<00:04:21.359> in<00:04:21.600> a<00:04:21.720> straight<00:04:21.900> line
do it is in a straight line
do it is in a straight line
so<00:04:24.060> we<00:04:24.360> gave<00:04:24.540> them<00:04:24.720> some<00:04:24.960> more<00:04:25.199> tasks<00:04:25.680> to<00:04:26.040> deal
so we gave them some more tasks to deal
so we gave them some more tasks to deal
with
with
with
and<00:04:27.960> what<00:04:28.139> we<00:04:28.259> did<00:04:28.440> here<00:04:28.820> is<00:04:29.820> we<00:04:30.000> turned<00:04:30.419> the
and what we did here is we turned the
and what we did here is we turned the
world<00:04:30.900> under<00:04:31.500> their<00:04:31.740> feet
world under their feet
world under their feet
and<00:04:33.000> watch<00:04:33.180> this<00:04:33.419> response
so<00:04:41.160> this<00:04:41.400> animal<00:04:41.580> has<00:04:42.120> actually<00:04:42.360> had<00:04:42.900> the
so this animal has actually had the
so this animal has actually had the
whole<00:04:43.259> world<00:04:43.440> turned<00:04:43.800> under<00:04:43.919> its<00:04:44.160> feet<00:04:44.340> it's
whole world turned under its feet it's
whole world turned under its feet it's
turned<00:04:44.880> by<00:04:44.940> 90<00:04:45.180> degrees<00:04:45.479> but<00:04:46.139> it<00:04:46.320> doesn't
turned by 90 degrees but it doesn't
turned by 90 degrees but it doesn't
Flinch<00:04:46.979> it<00:04:47.160> knows<00:04:47.460> exactly<00:04:47.759> where<00:04:47.940> it<00:04:48.120> wants
Flinch it knows exactly where it wants
Flinch it knows exactly where it wants
to go<00:04:48.540> and<00:04:48.660> it<00:04:48.840> heads<00:04:49.080> off<00:04:49.139> in<00:04:49.380> that
to go and it heads off in that
to go and it heads off in that
particular<00:04:49.860> direction
particular direction
particular direction
so<00:04:52.259> our<00:04:52.680> next<00:04:52.979> question<00:04:53.220> then<00:04:53.520> was<00:04:53.880> how<00:04:54.600> are
so our next question then was how are
so our next question then was how are
they<00:04:54.840> doing<00:04:55.080> this<00:04:55.380> what<00:04:56.280> are<00:04:56.400> they<00:04:56.520> doing<00:04:56.699> and
they doing this what are they doing and
they doing this what are they doing and
there<00:04:57.000> was<00:04:57.120> a<00:04:57.240> cue<00:04:57.600> that<00:04:57.780> was<00:04:58.500> available<00:04:58.740> to<00:04:59.220> us
there was a cue that was available to us
there was a cue that was available to us
was<00:04:59.940> it<00:05:00.120> every<00:05:00.300> now<00:05:00.479> and<00:05:00.660> then<00:05:00.720> they<00:05:00.900> climb<00:05:01.259> on
was it every now and then they climb on
was it every now and then they climb on
top<00:05:01.680> of<00:05:01.800> the<00:05:01.919> ball<00:05:02.160> and<00:05:02.940> they<00:05:03.120> take<00:05:03.240> a<00:05:03.360> look<00:05:03.479> at
top of the ball and they take a look at
top of the ball and they take a look at
the<00:05:03.780> world<00:05:03.900> around<00:05:04.139> them<00:05:04.500> and<00:05:05.160> what<00:05:05.280> do<00:05:05.460> you
the world around them and what do you
the world around them and what do you
think<00:05:05.639> they<00:05:05.759> could<00:05:05.880> be<00:05:06.060> looking<00:05:06.180> at<00:05:06.479> as<00:05:07.139> they
think they could be looking at as they
think they could be looking at as they
climb<00:05:07.860> on<00:05:07.979> top<00:05:08.160> of<00:05:08.280> the<00:05:08.400> ball<00:05:08.520> what<00:05:08.820> are<00:05:09.000> the
climb on top of the ball what are the
climb on top of the ball what are the
obvious<00:05:09.479> cues<00:05:10.139> that<00:05:10.680> this<00:05:10.860> animal<00:05:10.979> could<00:05:11.400> use
obvious cues that this animal could use
obvious cues that this animal could use
to<00:05:12.780> direct<00:05:13.139> its<00:05:13.740> movement<00:05:14.460> and<00:05:15.240> the<00:05:15.419> most
to direct its movement and the most
to direct its movement and the most
obvious<00:05:15.960> one<00:05:16.280> is<00:05:17.280> to<00:05:17.520> look<00:05:17.639> at<00:05:17.820> sky<00:05:18.440> and<00:05:19.440> so<00:05:19.620> we
obvious one is to look at sky and so we
obvious one is to look at sky and so we
thought<00:05:20.340> now<00:05:20.580> what<00:05:20.759> could<00:05:20.940> they<00:05:21.060> be<00:05:21.240> looking
thought now what could they be looking
thought now what could they be looking
at<00:05:21.600> in<00:05:21.780> the<00:05:21.960> sky<00:05:22.199> and<00:05:23.100> the<00:05:23.220> obvious<00:05:23.520> thing<00:05:23.759> to
at in the sky and the obvious thing to
at in the sky and the obvious thing to
look<00:05:24.120> at
look at
look at
is<00:05:25.860> the<00:05:26.100> Sun<00:05:26.479> so<00:05:27.479> a<00:05:28.199> classic<00:05:28.380> experiment<00:05:29.100> here
is the Sun so a classic experiment here
is the Sun so a classic experiment here
in<00:05:30.479> that<00:05:30.660> what<00:05:30.900> we<00:05:31.020> did<00:05:31.139> is<00:05:31.320> we<00:05:31.500> moved<00:05:31.919> the<00:05:32.220> Sun
in that what we did is we moved the Sun
in that what we did is we moved the Sun
what<00:05:33.419> we're<00:05:33.539> going<00:05:33.660> to<00:05:33.780> do<00:05:33.840> now<00:05:34.020> is<00:05:34.259> shade<00:05:34.620> the
what we're going to do now is shade the
what we're going to do now is shade the
sun<00:05:34.919> with<00:05:35.100> a<00:05:35.340> board<00:05:35.460> and<00:05:36.300> then<00:05:36.419> move<00:05:36.660> the<00:05:36.840> sun
sun with a board and then move the sun
sun with a board and then move the sun
with<00:05:37.259> a<00:05:37.380> mirror<00:05:37.740> to<00:05:38.039> a<00:05:38.280> completely<00:05:38.580> different
with a mirror to a completely different
with a mirror to a completely different
position<00:05:39.060> and<00:05:39.960> look<00:05:40.080> at<00:05:40.199> what<00:05:40.380> the<00:05:40.560> beetle
position and look at what the beetle
position and look at what the beetle
does<00:05:41.060> it<00:05:42.060> does<00:05:42.300> a<00:05:42.419> little<00:05:42.479> double<00:05:42.720> dance
does it does a little double dance
does it does a little double dance
and<00:05:45.240> then<00:05:45.300> it<00:05:45.479> heads<00:05:45.840> back<00:05:45.960> in<00:05:46.199> exactly<00:05:46.620> the
and then it heads back in exactly the
and then it heads back in exactly the
same<00:05:46.919> direction<00:05:47.160> it<00:05:47.460> went<00:05:47.639> in<00:05:48.300> the<00:05:48.479> first
same direction it went in the first
same direction it went in the first
place<00:05:48.900> what<00:05:49.800> happens<00:05:50.120> now<00:05:51.120> so<00:05:52.080> clearly
place what happens now so clearly
place what happens now so clearly
they're<00:05:52.620> looking<00:05:52.800> at<00:05:53.039> the<00:05:53.160> sun<00:05:53.280> the<00:05:53.520> sun<00:05:53.639> is<00:05:53.820> a
they're looking at the sun the sun is a
they're looking at the sun the sun is a
very<00:05:54.120> important<00:05:54.419> cue<00:05:54.720> in<00:05:54.900> the<00:05:55.020> sky<00:05:55.199> for<00:05:55.560> them
very important cue in the sky for them
very important cue in the sky for them
the<00:05:56.759> thing<00:05:56.940> is<00:05:57.120> the<00:05:57.300> sun<00:05:57.479> is<00:05:57.720> not<00:05:57.900> always
the thing is the sun is not always
the thing is the sun is not always
available<00:05:58.440> to<00:05:58.979> you<00:05:59.160> because<00:05:59.880> at<00:06:00.600> Sunset<00:06:01.020> it
available to you because at Sunset it
available to you because at Sunset it
disappears<00:06:01.800> below<00:06:02.100> the<00:06:02.220> Horizon<00:06:02.780> what<00:06:03.780> what
disappears below the Horizon what what
disappears below the Horizon what what
is<00:06:04.320> happening<00:06:04.620> in<00:06:04.800> the<00:06:04.979> sky<00:06:05.160> here<00:06:05.639> is<00:06:06.120> that
is happening in the sky here is that
is happening in the sky here is that
there's<00:06:06.419> a<00:06:06.720> great<00:06:06.840> big<00:06:07.080> pattern<00:06:07.500> of<00:06:07.680> polarized
there's a great big pattern of polarized
there's a great big pattern of polarized
light<00:06:08.400> in<00:06:08.759> the<00:06:08.940> sky<00:06:09.199> that<00:06:10.199> you<00:06:10.320> and<00:06:10.500> I<00:06:10.620> can't
light in the sky that you and I can't
light in the sky that you and I can't
see<00:06:11.160> it's<00:06:11.400> the<00:06:11.639> way<00:06:11.699> our<00:06:11.880> eyes<00:06:12.060> are<00:06:12.300> built
see it's the way our eyes are built
see it's the way our eyes are built
but<00:06:14.039> the<00:06:14.460> sun<00:06:14.580> is<00:06:14.820> at<00:06:15.000> the<00:06:15.180> Horizon<00:06:15.539> over<00:06:16.020> here
but the sun is at the Horizon over here
but the sun is at the Horizon over here
and<00:06:17.400> we<00:06:17.880> know<00:06:18.060> that<00:06:18.479> when<00:06:18.600> the<00:06:18.780> sun<00:06:18.900> is<00:06:19.080> at<00:06:19.259> the
and we know that when the sun is at the
and we know that when the sun is at the
Horizon<00:06:19.680> sets<00:06:20.460> over<00:06:20.520> on<00:06:20.759> this<00:06:20.880> side<00:06:21.060> there<00:06:21.900> is
Horizon sets over on this side there is
Horizon sets over on this side there is
a<00:06:22.380> north<00:06:22.680> south<00:06:23.220> a<00:06:23.819> huge<00:06:24.360> pathway<00:06:25.139> across<00:06:25.620> the
a north south a huge pathway across the
a north south a huge pathway across the
sky<00:06:25.919> of<00:06:26.520> polarized<00:06:27.180> light<00:06:27.300> that<00:06:27.600> we<00:06:27.780> can't<00:06:27.960> see
sky of polarized light that we can't see
sky of polarized light that we can't see
that<00:06:28.620> the<00:06:28.800> Beatles<00:06:28.979> can<00:06:29.460> see
that the Beatles can see
that the Beatles can see
so<00:06:31.919> how<00:06:32.280> do<00:06:32.460> we<00:06:32.580> test<00:06:32.699> that<00:06:32.940> well<00:06:33.240> that's<00:06:33.419> easy
so how do we test that well that's easy
so how do we test that well that's easy
what<00:06:34.500> we<00:06:34.680> do<00:06:34.860> is<00:06:34.979> we<00:06:35.160> get<00:06:35.280> a<00:06:35.460> great<00:06:35.580> big
what we do is we get a great big
what we do is we get a great big
polarization<00:06:36.419> filter
polarization filter
polarization filter
pop<00:06:38.280> the<00:06:38.460> beetle<00:06:38.819> underneath<00:06:39.120> it<00:06:39.360> and<00:06:39.960> the
pop the beetle underneath it and the
pop the beetle underneath it and the
filter<00:06:40.620> is<00:06:41.039> at<00:06:41.220> right<00:06:41.460> angles<00:06:41.819> to<00:06:42.060> the
filter is at right angles to the
filter is at right angles to the
polarization<00:06:42.720> pattern<00:06:43.139> of<00:06:43.319> the<00:06:43.440> sky
polarization pattern of the sky
polarization pattern of the sky
the<00:06:44.759> beetle<00:06:45.180> comes<00:06:45.479> out<00:06:45.600> from<00:06:45.840> underneath<00:06:46.259> the
the beetle comes out from underneath the
the beetle comes out from underneath the
filter
and<00:06:49.199> it<00:06:49.319> does<00:06:49.500> right<00:06:49.740> hand<00:06:49.919> turn
and it does right hand turn
and it does right hand turn
because<00:06:51.360> it<00:06:51.600> comes<00:06:51.840> back<00:06:52.020> into<00:06:52.319> the<00:06:52.560> sky<00:06:52.740> that
because it comes back into the sky that
because it comes back into the sky that
it<00:06:53.580> was<00:06:53.699> originally<00:06:54.139> orientated<00:06:55.139> to<00:06:55.560> and<00:06:56.280> then
it was originally orientated to and then
it was originally orientated to and then
reorientates<00:06:57.180> itself<00:06:57.539> back<00:06:57.960> to<00:06:58.319> the
reorientates itself back to the
reorientates itself back to the
direction<00:06:58.680> it<00:06:58.979> was<00:06:59.100> originally<00:06:59.460> going
so<00:07:02.880> obviously<00:07:03.440> beetles<00:07:04.440> can<00:07:04.919> see<00:07:05.100> polarized
so obviously beetles can see polarized
so obviously beetles can see polarized
light
light
light
okay<00:07:08.460> so<00:07:08.880> what<00:07:09.060> we've<00:07:09.240> got<00:07:09.360> so<00:07:09.660> far<00:07:10.039> is<00:07:11.039> what
okay so what we've got so far is what
okay so what we've got so far is what
are<00:07:11.880> beetles<00:07:12.180> doing<00:07:12.360> they're<00:07:12.539> rolling<00:07:12.900> balls
are beetles doing they're rolling balls
are beetles doing they're rolling balls
how<00:07:13.860> are<00:07:14.039> they<00:07:14.100> doing<00:07:14.280> it<00:07:14.460> well<00:07:14.699> they're
how are they doing it well they're
how are they doing it well they're
rolling<00:07:15.180> them<00:07:15.419> in<00:07:15.600> a<00:07:15.720> straight<00:07:15.840> line<00:07:16.080> how<00:07:16.800> are
rolling them in a straight line how are
rolling them in a straight line how are
they<00:07:17.039> maintaining<00:07:17.580> that<00:07:17.759> in<00:07:18.000> a<00:07:18.240> straight<00:07:18.419> a
they maintaining that in a straight a
they maintaining that in a straight a
particular<00:07:19.500> straight<00:07:19.740> line<00:07:19.979> where<00:07:20.520> they're
particular straight line where they're
particular straight line where they're
looking<00:07:20.819> at<00:07:21.060> Celestial<00:07:21.539> cues<00:07:21.960> in<00:07:22.139> the<00:07:22.319> sky
looking at Celestial cues in the sky
looking at Celestial cues in the sky
some<00:07:23.160> of<00:07:23.280> which<00:07:23.460> you<00:07:23.639> and<00:07:23.819> I<00:07:23.940> can't<00:07:24.180> see<00:07:24.479> but
some of which you and I can't see but
some of which you and I can't see but
how<00:07:25.440> do<00:07:25.560> they<00:07:25.680> pick<00:07:25.800> up<00:07:25.979> those<00:07:26.220> Celestial<00:07:26.639> cues
how do they pick up those Celestial cues
how do they pick up those Celestial cues
that<00:07:27.240> was<00:07:27.360> what<00:07:27.599> was<00:07:28.199> of<00:07:28.380> interest<00:07:28.800> to<00:07:29.099> us<00:07:29.340> next
that was what was of interest to us next
that was what was of interest to us next
and<00:07:30.360> it<00:07:30.479> was<00:07:30.660> this<00:07:30.900> particular<00:07:31.259> little
and it was this particular little
and it was this particular little
Behavior<00:07:31.919> the<00:07:32.220> dance
Behavior the dance
Behavior the dance
that<00:07:33.720> we<00:07:33.900> thought<00:07:34.199> was<00:07:34.860> important<00:07:35.280> because
that we thought was important because
that we thought was important because
look<00:07:35.759> it<00:07:36.000> takes<00:07:36.180> a<00:07:36.419> pause<00:07:36.660> every<00:07:36.900> now<00:07:37.080> and<00:07:37.259> then
look it takes a pause every now and then
look it takes a pause every now and then
and<00:07:37.979> then<00:07:38.160> heads<00:07:38.520> off<00:07:38.639> in<00:07:38.819> the<00:07:38.940> direction<00:07:39.120> that
and then heads off in the direction that
and then heads off in the direction that
it<00:07:39.840> wants<00:07:40.080> to<00:07:40.139> go<00:07:40.259> in
it wants to go in
it wants to go in
so<00:07:42.539> what<00:07:43.440> are<00:07:43.560> they<00:07:43.680> doing<00:07:44.060> when<00:07:45.060> they<00:07:45.240> do<00:07:45.360> this
so what are they doing when they do this
so what are they doing when they do this
dance<00:07:45.840> how<00:07:46.740> far<00:07:46.979> can<00:07:47.280> we<00:07:47.460> push<00:07:47.639> them<00:07:47.880> before
dance how far can we push them before
dance how far can we push them before
they<00:07:48.780> will<00:07:48.900> reorientate<00:07:49.740> themselves<00:07:50.160> and<00:07:50.819> in
they will reorientate themselves and in
they will reorientate themselves and in
this<00:07:51.120> experiment<00:07:51.660> here<00:07:52.020> what<00:07:52.860> we<00:07:52.979> did<00:07:53.099> was<00:07:53.280> we
this experiment here what we did was we
this experiment here what we did was we
forced<00:07:54.180> them<00:07:54.300> into<00:07:54.419> a<00:07:54.720> channel
forced them into a channel
forced them into a channel
and<00:07:56.099> you<00:07:56.220> can<00:07:56.340> see<00:07:56.460> he<00:07:56.639> wasn't<00:07:56.819> particularly
and you can see he wasn't particularly
and you can see he wasn't particularly
forced<00:07:57.720> into<00:07:57.840> this<00:07:58.199> particular<00:07:58.500> Channel<00:07:58.800> and
forced into this particular Channel and
forced into this particular Channel and
we<00:07:59.880> gradually<00:08:00.360> displaced<00:08:00.960> the<00:08:01.139> beetle<00:08:01.940> by<00:08:02.940> 180
we gradually displaced the beetle by 180
we gradually displaced the beetle by 180
degrees<00:08:04.280> until<00:08:05.280> this<00:08:06.060> individual<00:08:06.419> ends<00:08:06.840> up
degrees until this individual ends up
degrees until this individual ends up
going<00:08:07.139> in<00:08:07.440> exactly<00:08:07.800> the<00:08:07.919> opposite<00:08:08.280> direction
going in exactly the opposite direction
going in exactly the opposite direction
that<00:08:08.759> it<00:08:08.880> wanted<00:08:09.060> to<00:08:09.360> go<00:08:09.720> in<00:08:09.900> in<00:08:10.020> the<00:08:10.199> first
that it wanted to go in in the first
that it wanted to go in in the first
place<00:08:10.580> and<00:08:11.580> let's<00:08:11.699> see<00:08:11.880> what<00:08:12.060> his<00:08:12.240> reaction<00:08:12.599> is
place and let's see what his reaction is
place and let's see what his reaction is
is<00:08:13.919> he's<00:08:14.160> headed<00:08:14.460> through<00:08:14.639> 90<00:08:14.880> degrees<00:08:15.180> here
is he's headed through 90 degrees here
is he's headed through 90 degrees here
and<00:08:16.620> now<00:08:16.860> he's<00:08:16.979> gonna<00:08:17.160> when<00:08:17.699> you<00:08:17.880> end<00:08:18.060> up<00:08:18.180> down
and now he's gonna when you end up down
and now he's gonna when you end up down
here<00:08:18.599> he's<00:08:18.720> going<00:08:18.900> to<00:08:19.020> be<00:08:19.080> 180<00:08:19.800> degrees<00:08:19.919> in<00:08:20.220> the
here he's going to be 180 degrees in the
here he's going to be 180 degrees in the
wrong<00:08:20.520> direction
wrong direction
wrong direction
and<00:08:21.720> see<00:08:21.900> what<00:08:22.020> his<00:08:22.199> response<00:08:22.680> is
and see what his response is
and see what his response is
does<00:08:24.419> a<00:08:24.599> little<00:08:24.720> dance
does a little dance
does a little dance
turns<00:08:27.120> around<00:08:27.300> and<00:08:27.539> heads<00:08:27.900> back<00:08:28.020> in<00:08:28.199> this<00:08:28.379> he
turns around and heads back in this he
turns around and heads back in this he
knows<00:08:29.160> exactly<00:08:29.699> where<00:08:29.940> he's<00:08:30.120> going<00:08:30.360> he<00:08:31.139> knows
knows exactly where he's going he knows
knows exactly where he's going he knows
exactly<00:08:31.860> what<00:08:32.099> the<00:08:32.279> problem<00:08:32.459> is<00:08:32.700> and<00:08:33.120> he<00:08:33.300> knows
exactly what the problem is and he knows
exactly what the problem is and he knows
exactly<00:08:33.839> how<00:08:34.020> to<00:08:34.140> deal<00:08:34.260> with<00:08:34.500> it<00:08:34.620> and<00:08:34.800> the
exactly how to deal with it and the
exactly how to deal with it and the
dance<00:08:35.279> is<00:08:35.940> this<00:08:36.240> transition<00:08:36.779> behavior<00:08:37.320> that
dance is this transition behavior that
dance is this transition behavior that
allows<00:08:37.860> them<00:08:37.979> to<00:08:38.159> reorientate<00:08:38.820> themselves
allows them to reorientate themselves
allows them to reorientate themselves
so
so
so
that's<00:08:41.880> the<00:08:42.120> dance<00:08:42.360> but<00:08:43.260> have<00:08:43.620> to<00:08:43.919> spending
that's the dance but have to spending
that's the dance but have to spending
many<00:08:44.820> years<00:08:45.120> sitting<00:08:45.540> in<00:08:45.660> the<00:08:45.779> African<00:08:46.140> bush
many years sitting in the African bush
many years sitting in the African bush
watching<00:08:47.220> dung<00:08:47.459> beetles<00:08:47.880> on<00:08:48.120> nice<00:08:48.300> hot<00:08:48.480> days
watching dung beetles on nice hot days
watching dung beetles on nice hot days
we<00:08:49.320> noticed<00:08:49.680> that<00:08:49.800> there<00:08:49.980> was<00:08:50.100> another
we noticed that there was another
we noticed that there was another
Behavior<00:08:50.880> associated<00:08:51.660> with<00:08:52.260> the<00:08:52.560> dance
Behavior associated with the dance
Behavior associated with the dance
Behavior<00:08:53.279> every<00:08:53.880> now<00:08:54.120> and<00:08:54.300> then<00:08:54.420> when<00:08:55.380> they
Behavior every now and then when they
Behavior every now and then when they
climb<00:08:55.860> on<00:08:55.980> top<00:08:56.160> of<00:08:56.279> the<00:08:56.399> ball
climb on top of the ball
climb on top of the ball
they<00:08:57.839> wipe<00:08:58.200> their<00:08:58.320> face
you<00:09:01.320> see<00:09:01.500> him<00:09:01.620> do<00:09:01.800> it<00:09:01.920> again
you see him do it again
you see him do it again
now<00:09:04.019> he<00:09:04.200> thought<00:09:04.380> now<00:09:04.560> what<00:09:04.740> could<00:09:04.920> be<00:09:05.040> going
now he thought now what could be going
now he thought now what could be going
on<00:09:05.339> here
on here
on here
but<00:09:07.140> clearly<00:09:07.560> the<00:09:07.680> ground<00:09:07.860> is<00:09:08.160> very<00:09:08.399> hot<00:09:08.640> when
but clearly the ground is very hot when
but clearly the ground is very hot when
the<00:09:09.120> ground<00:09:09.240> is<00:09:09.480> hot<00:09:09.720> they<00:09:10.080> dance<00:09:10.320> more<00:09:10.560> often
the ground is hot they dance more often
the ground is hot they dance more often
and<00:09:11.220> when<00:09:11.399> they<00:09:11.580> do<00:09:11.700> this<00:09:11.880> particular<00:09:12.180> dance
and when they do this particular dance
and when they do this particular dance
they<00:09:12.720> wipe<00:09:13.019> the<00:09:13.140> bottom<00:09:13.320> of<00:09:13.440> their<00:09:13.620> face<00:09:13.800> and
they wipe the bottom of their face and
they wipe the bottom of their face and
we<00:09:14.820> thought<00:09:15.000> that<00:09:15.240> it<00:09:15.360> could<00:09:15.480> be<00:09:15.660> a
we thought that it could be a
we thought that it could be a
thermoregulatory<00:09:16.740> behavior<00:09:17.160> we<00:09:17.339> could<00:09:17.519> we
thermoregulatory behavior we could we
thermoregulatory behavior we could we
thought<00:09:18.000> that<00:09:18.300> maybe<00:09:18.540> what<00:09:18.779> they're<00:09:18.899> doing<00:09:19.019> is
thought that maybe what they're doing is
thought that maybe what they're doing is
trying<00:09:19.320> to<00:09:19.440> get<00:09:19.560> off<00:09:19.740> the<00:09:19.860> hot<00:09:20.040> soil<00:09:20.459> and<00:09:21.000> also
trying to get off the hot soil and also
trying to get off the hot soil and also
spitting<00:09:21.720> onto<00:09:22.019> their<00:09:22.200> face<00:09:22.500> to<00:09:23.100> cool<00:09:23.279> their
spitting onto their face to cool their
spitting onto their face to cool their
head<00:09:23.700> down
head down
head down
so<00:09:25.440> what<00:09:25.860> we<00:09:25.980> did<00:09:26.100> was<00:09:26.339> design<00:09:26.640> a<00:09:27.360> couple<00:09:27.480> of
so what we did was design a couple of
so what we did was design a couple of
Arenas<00:09:29.300> one<00:09:30.300> was<00:09:30.540> hot<00:09:30.839> one<00:09:31.260> was<00:09:31.440> cold<00:09:31.680> we
Arenas one was hot one was cold we
Arenas one was hot one was cold we
shaded<00:09:32.339> this<00:09:32.519> one<00:09:32.700> we<00:09:32.940> left<00:09:33.120> that<00:09:33.300> one<00:09:33.480> hot<00:09:33.720> and
shaded this one we left that one hot and
shaded this one we left that one hot and
then<00:09:34.380> what<00:09:34.560> we<00:09:34.740> did<00:09:34.920> was<00:09:35.399> we<00:09:35.580> filmed<00:09:35.940> them<00:09:36.060> with
then what we did was we filmed them with
then what we did was we filmed them with
a<00:09:36.420> thermal<00:09:36.720> camera<00:09:36.959> so<00:09:37.500> what<00:09:37.680> you're<00:09:37.860> looking
a thermal camera so what you're looking
a thermal camera so what you're looking
at<00:09:38.279> here<00:09:38.959> is<00:09:39.959> heat<00:09:40.920> image<00:09:41.700> of<00:09:42.480> the<00:09:43.080> system<00:09:43.320> and
at here is heat image of the system and
at here is heat image of the system and
what<00:09:44.399> you<00:09:44.580> can<00:09:44.700> see<00:09:44.880> here<00:09:45.120> emerging<00:09:45.720> from<00:09:45.959> the
what you can see here emerging from the
what you can see here emerging from the
poo<00:09:46.920> is<00:09:47.399> a<00:09:47.580> cool<00:09:47.700> jungle
poo is a cool jungle
poo is a cool jungle
so<00:09:50.100> the<00:09:50.339> truth<00:09:50.640> is<00:09:51.000> if<00:09:51.360> you<00:09:51.480> look<00:09:51.600> at<00:09:51.720> the
so the truth is if you look at the
so the truth is if you look at the
temperature<00:09:51.959> over<00:09:52.320> here<00:09:52.500> dung<00:09:52.980> is<00:09:53.279> cool
so<00:09:58.140> all<00:09:58.800> we're<00:09:58.980> interested<00:09:59.339> in<00:09:59.399> here<00:09:59.580> is
so all we're interested in here is
so all we're interested in here is
comparing<00:10:00.300> the<00:10:00.480> temperature<00:10:00.660> of<00:10:00.959> the<00:10:01.080> beetle
comparing the temperature of the beetle
comparing the temperature of the beetle
against<00:10:01.680> the<00:10:02.100> background<00:10:02.459> so<00:10:03.420> the<00:10:03.600> background
against the background so the background
against the background so the background
here<00:10:04.320> is<00:10:04.920> around<00:10:05.100> about<00:10:05.399> 50<00:10:05.700> degrees
here is around about 50 degrees
here is around about 50 degrees
Centigrade<00:10:06.720> the<00:10:07.500> beetle<00:10:07.920> itself<00:10:08.220> and<00:10:08.459> the
Centigrade the beetle itself and the
Centigrade the beetle itself and the
ball<00:10:08.760> are<00:10:09.180> probably<00:10:09.420> around<00:10:09.660> about<00:10:09.899> 30<00:10:10.260> to<00:10:10.560> 35
ball are probably around about 30 to 35
ball are probably around about 30 to 35
degrees<00:10:11.160> Centigrade<00:10:11.820> so<00:10:12.360> this<00:10:12.600> is<00:10:12.720> a<00:10:12.959> great
degrees Centigrade so this is a great
degrees Centigrade so this is a great
big<00:10:13.320> ball<00:10:13.620> of<00:10:13.860> ice<00:10:14.100> cream<00:10:14.279> that<00:10:14.760> this<00:10:14.940> beetle
big ball of ice cream that this beetle
big ball of ice cream that this beetle
is<00:10:15.420> now<00:10:15.600> transporting<00:10:16.260> across<00:10:16.620> the<00:10:16.680> hot<00:10:16.860> felt
is now transporting across the hot felt
is now transporting across the hot felt
it<00:10:18.180> isn't<00:10:18.360> climbing<00:10:18.779> it<00:10:18.899> isn't<00:10:19.140> dancing
it isn't climbing it isn't dancing
it isn't climbing it isn't dancing
because<00:10:20.220> its<00:10:21.180> body<00:10:21.300> temperature<00:10:21.660> is<00:10:22.380> actually
because its body temperature is actually
because its body temperature is actually
relatively<00:10:23.160> low<00:10:23.339> it's<00:10:23.580> about<00:10:23.760> the<00:10:23.940> same<00:10:24.120> as
relatively low it's about the same as
relatively low it's about the same as
yours<00:10:24.660> and<00:10:24.839> mine
yours and mine
yours and mine
and<00:10:26.820> what's<00:10:27.000> of<00:10:27.180> Interest<00:10:27.360> here<00:10:27.839> is<00:10:28.380> that
and what's of Interest here is that
and what's of Interest here is that
little<00:10:28.800> brain
little brain
little brain
is<00:10:30.420> quite<00:10:30.660> cool<00:10:30.959> but<00:10:31.800> if<00:10:31.920> we<00:10:32.100> contrast<00:10:32.459> now
is quite cool but if we contrast now
is quite cool but if we contrast now
what<00:10:33.000> happens<00:10:33.440> in<00:10:34.440> a<00:10:34.620> hot<00:10:34.740> environment
what happens in a hot environment
what happens in a hot environment
look<00:10:36.480> at<00:10:36.600> the<00:10:36.720> temperature<00:10:36.839> of<00:10:37.140> the<00:10:37.260> soil<00:10:37.560> it's
look at the temperature of the soil it's
look at the temperature of the soil it's
up<00:10:38.339> around<00:10:38.519> 55<00:10:39.240> to<00:10:39.540> 60<00:10:39.779> degrees<00:10:40.019> Centigrade
up around 55 to 60 degrees Centigrade
up around 55 to 60 degrees Centigrade
watch<00:10:41.459> how<00:10:41.700> often<00:10:42.000> the<00:10:42.120> beetle<00:10:42.480> dances
and<00:10:45.420> look<00:10:45.480> at<00:10:45.660> its<00:10:45.899> front<00:10:46.019> legs<00:10:46.500> they're
and look at its front legs they're
and look at its front legs they're
roaringly<00:10:47.760> hot
roaringly hot
roaringly hot
so<00:10:49.800> the<00:10:50.339> ball<00:10:50.459> leaves<00:10:50.940> a<00:10:51.060> little<00:10:51.180> thermal
so the ball leaves a little thermal
so the ball leaves a little thermal
Shadow<00:10:51.959> and<00:10:52.740> the<00:10:52.920> beetle<00:10:53.220> climbs<00:10:53.640> on<00:10:53.760> top<00:10:53.880> of
Shadow and the beetle climbs on top of
Shadow and the beetle climbs on top of
the<00:10:54.120> ball<00:10:54.240> and<00:10:54.420> wipes<00:10:54.779> its<00:10:55.079> face<00:10:55.339> and<00:10:56.339> all<00:10:56.579> the
the ball and wipes its face and all the
the ball and wipes its face and all the
time<00:10:56.820> it's<00:10:57.120> trying<00:10:57.360> to<00:10:57.540> cool<00:10:57.720> itself<00:10:58.079> down<00:10:58.500> we
time it's trying to cool itself down we
time it's trying to cool itself down we
think<00:10:59.220> and<00:10:59.940> avoid<00:11:00.300> the<00:11:00.959> hot<00:11:01.260> sand<00:11:01.500> that<00:11:01.800> it's
think and avoid the hot sand that it's
think and avoid the hot sand that it's
walking<00:11:02.459> across
walking across
walking across
and<00:11:04.680> what<00:11:04.860> we<00:11:04.980> did<00:11:05.100> then<00:11:05.339> was<00:11:05.640> put<00:11:05.880> little
and what we did then was put little
and what we did then was put little
boots<00:11:06.420> on<00:11:07.260> these<00:11:07.560> legs<00:11:07.920> because<00:11:08.519> this<00:11:08.760> was<00:11:08.940> a
boots on these legs because this was a
boots on these legs because this was a
way<00:11:09.240> to<00:11:09.420> test<00:11:09.720> it's<00:11:10.440> the<00:11:10.740> legs<00:11:11.100> were<00:11:11.820> involved
way to test it's the legs were involved
way to test it's the legs were involved
in<00:11:12.480> sensing<00:11:13.320> the<00:11:13.500> temperature<00:11:13.620> of<00:11:13.920> the<00:11:14.100> soil
in sensing the temperature of the soil
in sensing the temperature of the soil
and<00:11:15.959> if<00:11:16.079> you<00:11:16.200> look<00:11:16.320> over<00:11:16.500> here<00:11:16.820> with<00:11:17.820> boots
and if you look over here with boots
and if you look over here with boots
they<00:11:18.420> climb<00:11:18.779> onto<00:11:19.019> the<00:11:19.140> ball<00:11:19.260> far<00:11:19.560> less<00:11:19.800> often
they climb onto the ball far less often
they climb onto the ball far less often
when<00:11:20.459> they<00:11:20.700> had<00:11:20.940> no<00:11:21.660> boots<00:11:21.959> on
when they had no boots on
when they had no boots on
so<00:11:23.760> we<00:11:24.060> described<00:11:24.480> these<00:11:24.839> as<00:11:24.959> cool<00:11:25.260> boots<00:11:25.500> it
so we described these as cool boots it
so we described these as cool boots it
was<00:11:26.040> a<00:11:26.160> dental<00:11:26.339> compound<00:11:26.880> that<00:11:27.120> we<00:11:27.240> used<00:11:27.420> to
was a dental compound that we used to
was a dental compound that we used to
make<00:11:27.720> these<00:11:27.959> boots<00:11:28.140> and<00:11:28.920> we<00:11:28.980> also<00:11:29.220> cool<00:11:29.459> down
make these boots and we also cool down
make these boots and we also cool down
the<00:11:29.940> dumb<00:11:30.240> ball<00:11:30.420> so<00:11:31.140> we<00:11:31.320> were<00:11:31.440> able<00:11:31.620> to<00:11:31.740> put<00:11:31.920> the
the dumb ball so we were able to put the
the dumb ball so we were able to put the
ball<00:11:32.220> in<00:11:32.459> the<00:11:32.579> fridge<00:11:32.820> gave<00:11:33.660> them<00:11:33.779> a<00:11:34.019> nice<00:11:34.079> cool
ball in the fridge gave them a nice cool
ball in the fridge gave them a nice cool
dongle<00:11:34.980> and<00:11:35.579> they<00:11:35.760> climbed<00:11:36.180> onto<00:11:36.360> that<00:11:36.540> ball
dongle and they climbed onto that ball
dongle and they climbed onto that ball
far<00:11:37.079> less<00:11:37.260> often<00:11:37.680> than<00:11:37.980> when<00:11:38.160> they<00:11:38.279> had<00:11:38.399> a<00:11:38.519> hot
far less often than when they had a hot
far less often than when they had a hot
ball<00:11:38.880> so<00:11:39.660> this<00:11:39.839> is<00:11:39.959> called<00:11:40.140> stilting<00:11:40.740> it's<00:11:41.100> a
ball so this is called stilting it's a
ball so this is called stilting it's a
thermal<00:11:41.640> behavior<00:11:42.060> that<00:11:42.420> you<00:11:42.600> and<00:11:42.720> I<00:11:42.839> do<00:11:42.959> if<00:11:43.140> we
thermal behavior that you and I do if we
thermal behavior that you and I do if we
cross<00:11:43.440> the<00:11:43.620> beach<00:11:43.860> we<00:11:44.339> jump<00:11:44.519> onto<00:11:44.820> a<00:11:45.000> hot<00:11:45.120> onto
cross the beach we jump onto a hot onto
cross the beach we jump onto a hot onto
a<00:11:45.779> towel<00:11:46.140> somebody<00:11:46.320> else's<00:11:46.680> towels<00:11:46.980> sorry<00:11:47.160> I
a towel somebody else's towels sorry I
a towel somebody else's towels sorry I
jumped<00:11:47.700> onto<00:11:47.880> your<00:11:48.000> towel<00:11:48.300> and<00:11:48.480> then<00:11:48.660> you
jumped onto your towel and then you
jumped onto your towel and then you
Scuttle<00:11:49.140> across<00:11:49.500> onto<00:11:49.740> somebody<00:11:49.860> else's
Scuttle across onto somebody else's
Scuttle across onto somebody else's
towel<00:11:50.760> and<00:11:51.180> you<00:11:51.300> in<00:11:51.540> that<00:11:51.720> way<00:11:51.839> you<00:11:52.019> don't<00:11:52.140> burn
towel and you in that way you don't burn
towel and you in that way you don't burn
your<00:11:52.680> feet<00:11:52.800> and<00:11:53.220> that's<00:11:53.399> exactly<00:11:53.760> what<00:11:53.940> the
your feet and that's exactly what the
your feet and that's exactly what the
Beetles<00:11:54.420> are<00:11:54.600> doing<00:11:54.720> here
Beetles are doing here
Beetles are doing here
however<00:11:56.399> there's<00:11:56.760> one<00:11:56.940> more<00:11:57.120> story<00:11:57.360> I'd<00:11:57.600> like
however there's one more story I'd like
however there's one more story I'd like
to<00:11:57.959> share<00:11:58.140> with<00:11:58.380> you<00:11:58.500> and<00:11:59.100> that's<00:11:59.279> this
to share with you and that's this
to share with you and that's this
particular<00:12:00.000> species<00:12:00.480> it's<00:12:00.839> a<00:12:01.200> it's<00:12:01.680> a<00:12:01.800> from<00:12:02.040> a
particular species it's a it's a from a
particular species it's a it's a from a
Genus<00:12:02.519> called<00:12:02.700> pachysoma<00:12:03.360> there<00:12:03.660> are<00:12:03.779> 13
Genus called pachysoma there are 13
Genus called pachysoma there are 13
species<00:12:04.500> in<00:12:04.680> the<00:12:04.860> genus<00:12:05.220> and<00:12:05.880> they<00:12:06.060> have<00:12:06.300> a
species in the genus and they have a
species in the genus and they have a
particular<00:12:07.140> behavior<00:12:07.740> that<00:12:08.640> I<00:12:09.060> think<00:12:09.180> you
particular behavior that I think you
particular behavior that I think you
will<00:12:09.660> find<00:12:09.839> interesting
will find interesting
will find interesting
this<00:12:12.540> is<00:12:12.720> a<00:12:12.899> Dumb<00:12:13.079> Beetle<00:12:13.620> watch<00:12:14.279> what<00:12:14.459> he's
this is a Dumb Beetle watch what he's
this is a Dumb Beetle watch what he's
doing
doing
doing
Can<00:12:17.100> you<00:12:17.279> spot<00:12:17.459> the<00:12:17.700> difference
Can you spot the difference
Can you spot the difference
they<00:12:19.740> don't<00:12:19.860> normally<00:12:20.040> go<00:12:20.339> this<00:12:20.459> slowly<00:12:20.820> it's
they don't normally go this slowly it's
they don't normally go this slowly it's
a<00:12:21.240> slow<00:12:21.420> motion<00:12:21.920> but<00:12:22.920> it's<00:12:23.160> walking<00:12:23.459> forwards
a slow motion but it's walking forwards
a slow motion but it's walking forwards
and<00:12:24.959> it's<00:12:25.140> actually<00:12:25.320> taking<00:12:25.620> a<00:12:25.920> pellet<00:12:26.220> of<00:12:26.399> dry
and it's actually taking a pellet of dry
and it's actually taking a pellet of dry
done<00:12:26.880> with<00:12:27.180> it
done with it
done with it
uh<00:12:28.440> this<00:12:28.740> is<00:12:28.800> a<00:12:28.980> different<00:12:29.100> species<00:12:29.519> in<00:12:29.760> the
uh this is a different species in the
uh this is a different species in the
same<00:12:30.060> genus<00:12:30.480> but<00:12:31.019> exactly<00:12:31.500> the<00:12:31.680> same<00:12:31.800> foraging
same genus but exactly the same foraging
same genus but exactly the same foraging
Behavior
Behavior
Behavior
there's<00:12:34.860> one<00:12:35.160> more<00:12:35.399> interesting<00:12:35.940> aspect<00:12:36.480> of
there's one more interesting aspect of
there's one more interesting aspect of
this<00:12:37.440> dumb<00:12:37.740> Beetle's<00:12:38.279> behavior<00:12:38.880> that<00:12:39.779> we
this dumb Beetle's behavior that we
this dumb Beetle's behavior that we
found<00:12:40.380> quite<00:12:40.740> fascinating<00:12:41.220> and<00:12:42.060> that's<00:12:42.300> that
found quite fascinating and that's that
found quite fascinating and that's that
it<00:12:43.139> forages<00:12:43.680> and<00:12:44.399> Provisions<00:12:44.880> a<00:12:45.240> nest<00:12:45.600> so
it forages and Provisions a nest so
it forages and Provisions a nest so
watch<00:12:46.620> this<00:12:46.860> individual<00:12:47.279> here<00:12:47.579> and<00:12:48.180> what<00:12:48.360> he's
watch this individual here and what he's
watch this individual here and what he's
trying<00:12:48.660> to<00:12:48.779> do<00:12:48.899> is<00:12:49.019> set<00:12:49.200> up<00:12:49.380> a<00:12:49.560> nest
trying to do is set up a nest
trying to do is set up a nest
and<00:12:51.600> he<00:12:51.779> doesn't<00:12:51.959> like<00:12:52.139> this<00:12:52.380> first<00:12:52.620> position
and he doesn't like this first position
and he doesn't like this first position
but<00:12:53.220> he<00:12:53.339> comes<00:12:53.579> up<00:12:53.639> with<00:12:53.820> a<00:12:54.000> second<00:12:54.060> position
but he comes up with a second position
but he comes up with a second position
and<00:12:55.380> about<00:12:55.560> 50<00:12:55.860> minutes<00:12:56.100> later<00:12:56.519> that<00:12:57.300> Nest<00:12:57.600> is
and about 50 minutes later that Nest is
and about 50 minutes later that Nest is
finished<00:12:58.079> and<00:12:58.980> he<00:12:59.160> heads<00:12:59.519> off<00:12:59.639> to<00:13:00.420> forage<00:13:00.839> and
finished and he heads off to forage and
finished and he heads off to forage and
provision
provision
provision
at<00:13:03.060> a<00:13:03.240> pile<00:13:03.360> of<00:13:03.540> dry<00:13:03.720> dung<00:13:04.139> pellets<00:13:04.560> and<00:13:04.980> what<00:13:05.160> I
at a pile of dry dung pellets and what I
at a pile of dry dung pellets and what I
want<00:13:05.399> you<00:13:05.459> to<00:13:05.639> notice<00:13:06.060> is<00:13:06.839> that<00:13:07.079> outward<00:13:07.500> paths
want you to notice is that outward paths
want you to notice is that outward paths
compared<00:13:08.519> to<00:13:08.579> the<00:13:08.760> home<00:13:08.940> would<00:13:09.180> pass
compared to the home would pass
compared to the home would pass
and<00:13:10.560> compare<00:13:10.920> the<00:13:11.100> two
and compare the two
and compare the two
and<00:13:12.899> by<00:13:13.139> and<00:13:13.320> large<00:13:13.500> you'll<00:13:13.920> see<00:13:14.220> that<00:13:14.700> the
and by and large you'll see that the
and by and large you'll see that the
Homewood<00:13:15.120> path<00:13:15.420> is<00:13:15.660> far<00:13:15.899> more<00:13:16.139> direct<00:13:16.440> than
Homewood path is far more direct than
Homewood path is far more direct than
the<00:13:17.160> outward<00:13:17.459> path<00:13:17.700> on<00:13:18.180> the<00:13:18.360> outward<00:13:18.600> path
the outward path on the outward path
the outward path on the outward path
he's<00:13:19.200> always<00:13:19.500> on<00:13:19.740> the<00:13:19.920> lookout
he's always on the lookout
he's always on the lookout
for<00:13:21.420> a<00:13:21.600> new<00:13:21.720> blob<00:13:22.139> of<00:13:22.320> Dome<00:13:22.680> on<00:13:23.639> the<00:13:23.760> way<00:13:23.880> Hobie
for a new blob of Dome on the way Hobie
for a new blob of Dome on the way Hobie
knows<00:13:24.600> where<00:13:24.720> home<00:13:24.899> is<00:13:25.079> and<00:13:25.260> he<00:13:25.380> wants<00:13:25.560> to<00:13:25.620> go
knows where home is and he wants to go
knows where home is and he wants to go
straight<00:13:26.040> to<00:13:26.279> it
straight to it
straight to it
the<00:13:28.440> important<00:13:28.800> thing<00:13:29.040> here<00:13:29.220> is<00:13:29.519> that<00:13:29.639> this<00:13:29.880> is
the important thing here is that this is
the important thing here is that this is
not<00:13:30.180> a<00:13:30.360> one-way<00:13:30.660> trip<00:13:31.040> as<00:13:32.040> in<00:13:32.399> most<00:13:32.579> dung
not a one-way trip as in most dung
not a one-way trip as in most dung
beetles<00:13:33.240> the<00:13:33.899> trip<00:13:34.079> here<00:13:34.320> is<00:13:34.860> repeated<00:13:35.220> back
beetles the trip here is repeated back
beetles the trip here is repeated back
and<00:13:35.700> forth<00:13:35.940> between<00:13:36.240> a<00:13:36.600> provisioning<00:13:37.380> site
and forth between a provisioning site
and forth between a provisioning site
and<00:13:38.040> a<00:13:38.279> nest<00:13:38.760> site<00:13:39.120> and<00:13:39.720> watch<00:13:39.899> you're<00:13:40.139> going
and a nest site and watch you're going
and a nest site and watch you're going
to<00:13:40.440> see<00:13:40.500> another<00:13:40.680> South<00:13:40.980> African<00:13:41.339> crime
to see another South African crime
to see another South African crime
taking<00:13:41.940> place<00:13:42.240> right<00:13:42.720> now<00:13:42.899> and
taking place right now and
taking place right now and
his<00:13:45.600> neighbor<00:13:45.779> steals<00:13:46.440> one<00:13:46.800> of<00:13:46.920> his<00:13:47.040> dung
his neighbor steals one of his dung
his neighbor steals one of his dung
fellets
fellets
fellets
so
so
so
what<00:13:51.060> are<00:13:51.240> we<00:13:51.300> looking<00:13:51.420> at<00:13:51.660> here<00:13:51.959> is<00:13:52.560> a
what are we looking at here is a
what are we looking at here is a
behavior<00:13:53.519> called<00:13:53.820> pass<00:13:54.240> integration<00:13:54.959> and
behavior called pass integration and
behavior called pass integration and
what's<00:13:55.800> taking<00:13:56.100> place<00:13:56.519> is<00:13:57.060> that<00:13:57.180> the<00:13:57.360> beetle
what's taking place is that the beetle
what's taking place is that the beetle
has<00:13:58.500> got<00:13:58.680> a<00:13:58.860> home<00:13:59.040> spot<00:13:59.399> it<00:14:00.120> goes<00:14:00.480> out<00:14:00.600> on<00:14:00.959> a
has got a home spot it goes out on a
has got a home spot it goes out on a
convoluted<00:14:02.040> path<00:14:02.339> looking<00:14:02.940> for<00:14:03.240> food<00:14:03.540> and
convoluted path looking for food and
convoluted path looking for food and
then<00:14:04.139> when<00:14:04.320> it<00:14:04.500> finds<00:14:04.980> food<00:14:05.160> it<00:14:05.940> heads
then when it finds food it heads
then when it finds food it heads
straight<00:14:06.660> home<00:14:07.079> it<00:14:07.680> knows<00:14:08.040> exactly<00:14:08.459> where<00:14:08.639> its
straight home it knows exactly where its
straight home it knows exactly where its
home<00:14:09.060> is<00:14:09.360> now<00:14:10.260> there's<00:14:10.620> two<00:14:10.980> ways<00:14:11.339> it<00:14:11.459> could<00:14:11.579> be
home is now there's two ways it could be
home is now there's two ways it could be
doing<00:14:11.940> that<00:14:12.240> and<00:14:13.079> we<00:14:13.260> can<00:14:13.380> test<00:14:13.680> that<00:14:13.980> by
doing that and we can test that by
doing that and we can test that by
displacing<00:14:15.300> the<00:14:15.480> beetle<00:14:15.779> to<00:14:15.959> a<00:14:16.079> new<00:14:16.200> position
displacing the beetle to a new position
displacing the beetle to a new position
when<00:14:16.680> it's<00:14:16.860> at<00:14:17.040> the<00:14:17.100> foraging<00:14:17.519> site<00:14:17.880> if<00:14:18.660> it's
when it's at the foraging site if it's
when it's at the foraging site if it's
using<00:14:19.139> landmarks<00:14:19.800> it<00:14:20.160> will<00:14:20.279> find<00:14:20.579> its<00:14:21.060> home
using landmarks it will find its home
using landmarks it will find its home
if<00:14:22.620> it<00:14:22.860> is<00:14:22.980> using<00:14:23.339> something<00:14:23.519> called<00:14:23.820> path
if it is using something called path
if it is using something called path
integration<00:14:24.720> it<00:14:25.620> will<00:14:25.800> not<00:14:25.980> find<00:14:26.220> its<00:14:26.519> home<00:14:26.639> it
integration it will not find its home it
integration it will not find its home it
will<00:14:26.940> arrive<00:14:27.300> at<00:14:27.420> the<00:14:27.959> wrong<00:14:28.139> spot<00:14:28.500> and<00:14:29.220> what
will arrive at the wrong spot and what
will arrive at the wrong spot and what
it's<00:14:29.519> doing<00:14:29.760> here<00:14:30.120> that's<00:14:30.360> using<00:14:30.720> path
it's doing here that's using path
it's doing here that's using path
integration<00:14:31.440> is<00:14:31.980> it's<00:14:32.160> counting<00:14:32.639> its<00:14:32.940> steps
integration is it's counting its steps
integration is it's counting its steps
or<00:14:33.420> measuring<00:14:33.779> the<00:14:33.899> distance<00:14:34.019> out<00:14:34.440> in<00:14:34.560> this
or measuring the distance out in this
or measuring the distance out in this
direction<00:14:34.920> it<00:14:35.579> knows<00:14:35.880> the<00:14:36.000> bearing<00:14:36.360> home<00:14:36.600> and
direction it knows the bearing home and
direction it knows the bearing home and
it<00:14:37.320> knows<00:14:37.560> it<00:14:37.680> should<00:14:37.920> be<00:14:38.100> in<00:14:38.220> that<00:14:38.399> direction
it knows it should be in that direction
it knows it should be in that direction
if<00:14:39.300> you<00:14:39.420> displace<00:14:39.839> it<00:14:40.079> it<00:14:40.500> ends<00:14:40.800> up<00:14:40.860> in<00:14:40.980> the
if you displace it it ends up in the
if you displace it it ends up in the
wrong<00:14:41.220> place<00:14:41.519> so<00:14:42.180> let's<00:14:42.300> see<00:14:42.480> what<00:14:42.660> happens
wrong place so let's see what happens
wrong place so let's see what happens
when<00:14:43.740> we<00:14:43.860> flip<00:14:44.279> this<00:14:44.399> Beetle<00:14:44.760> to<00:14:44.880> the<00:14:45.000> test
when we flip this Beetle to the test
when we flip this Beetle to the test
with<00:14:45.899> a<00:14:46.079> similar<00:14:46.440> experiment<00:14:47.279> so<00:14:48.120> here's<00:14:48.420> our
with a similar experiment so here's our
with a similar experiment so here's our
cunning<00:14:48.959> experimenter
he<00:14:52.620> displaces<00:14:53.220> the<00:14:53.399> beetle
he displaces the beetle
he displaces the beetle
and<00:14:55.500> now<00:14:55.920> we<00:14:56.579> have<00:14:56.760> to<00:14:56.940> see<00:14:57.240> what<00:14:58.139> is<00:14:58.560> going<00:14:58.740> to
and now we have to see what is going to
and now we have to see what is going to
take<00:14:59.100> place<00:14:59.339> what<00:15:00.060> we've<00:15:00.240> got<00:15:00.360> is<00:15:00.540> a<00:15:00.660> burrow
take place what we've got is a burrow
take place what we've got is a burrow
that's<00:15:01.620> where<00:15:01.860> the<00:15:01.980> forage<00:15:02.279> was<00:15:02.579> the<00:15:03.180> forage
that's where the forage was the forage
that's where the forage was the forage
has<00:15:03.660> been<00:15:03.839> displaced<00:15:04.320> to<00:15:04.440> a<00:15:04.620> new<00:15:04.740> position<00:15:05.040> if
has been displaced to a new position if
has been displaced to a new position if
he's<00:15:06.120> using<00:15:06.480> Landmark<00:15:06.959> orientation<00:15:07.620> he
he's using Landmark orientation he
he's using Landmark orientation he
should<00:15:08.519> be<00:15:09.000> able<00:15:09.120> to<00:15:09.240> find<00:15:09.360> the<00:15:09.540> borough
should be able to find the borough
should be able to find the borough
because<00:15:10.019> he'll<00:15:10.260> be<00:15:10.380> able<00:15:10.500> to<00:15:10.620> recognize<00:15:10.980> the
because he'll be able to recognize the
because he'll be able to recognize the
landmarks<00:15:11.699> around<00:15:11.820> it<00:15:12.120> if
landmarks around it if
landmarks around it if
using<00:15:13.980> path<00:15:14.579> integration<00:15:15.180> then<00:15:15.959> it<00:15:16.199> should
using path integration then it should
using path integration then it should
end<00:15:16.500> up<00:15:16.620> in<00:15:16.740> the<00:15:16.920> wrong<00:15:17.040> spot<00:15:17.399> over<00:15:18.300> here<00:15:18.600> so
end up in the wrong spot over here so
end up in the wrong spot over here so
let's<00:15:19.500> watch<00:15:19.740> what<00:15:19.980> happens
let's watch what happens
let's watch what happens
when<00:15:21.839> we<00:15:22.079> put<00:15:22.260> the<00:15:22.380> beetle<00:15:22.740> through<00:15:22.920> the<00:15:23.100> whole
when we put the beetle through the whole
when we put the beetle through the whole
test
test
test
so<00:15:25.139> there<00:15:25.320> he<00:15:25.500> is<00:15:25.560> there
so there he is there
so there he is there
he's<00:15:27.420> about<00:15:27.600> to<00:15:27.779> head<00:15:27.959> home
he's about to head home
he's about to head home
and<00:15:29.579> look<00:15:29.760> what<00:15:30.000> happens
shame
shame
shame
it<00:15:35.699> hasn't<00:15:36.000> a<00:15:36.120> clue
it hasn't a clue
it hasn't a clue
starts<00:15:38.459> to<00:15:38.579> search<00:15:38.820> for<00:15:39.120> its<00:15:39.480> house<00:15:39.660> in<00:15:40.139> the
starts to search for its house in the
starts to search for its house in the
right<00:15:40.440> distance<00:15:40.740> away<00:15:41.160> from
right distance away from
right distance away from
food<00:15:42.779> but<00:15:43.560> it's<00:15:43.800> clearly<00:15:44.399> completely<00:15:45.000> lost
food but it's clearly completely lost
food but it's clearly completely lost
so<00:15:47.040> we<00:15:47.339> know<00:15:47.519> now<00:15:47.880> that<00:15:48.600> this<00:15:48.899> animal<00:15:49.199> uses
so we know now that this animal uses
so we know now that this animal uses
path<00:15:50.279> integration<00:15:50.880> to<00:15:51.600> find<00:15:51.899> its<00:15:52.199> way<00:15:52.320> around
path integration to find its way around
path integration to find its way around
and<00:15:53.639> the<00:15:53.820> callus<00:15:54.240> experimental<00:15:55.139> leaves<00:15:55.500> at
and the callus experimental leaves at
and the callus experimental leaves at
the<00:15:55.800> top<00:15:55.860> list<00:15:56.240> and<00:15:57.240> leaves<00:15:57.720> it<00:15:57.899> so<00:15:58.260> what<00:15:58.440> we're
the top list and leaves it so what we're
the top list and leaves it so what we're
looking<00:15:58.740> at<00:15:58.920> here
looking at here
looking at here
are<00:16:00.899> a<00:16:01.079> group<00:16:01.260> of<00:16:01.380> animals<00:16:01.860> that<00:16:02.459> use<00:16:02.579> a
are a group of animals that use a
are a group of animals that use a
compass<00:16:03.120> and<00:16:03.300> they<00:16:03.420> use<00:16:03.540> the<00:16:03.720> Sun<00:16:03.839> as<00:16:04.079> a
compass and they use the Sun as a
compass and they use the Sun as a
compass<00:16:04.440> to<00:16:04.680> find<00:16:04.800> their<00:16:04.980> way<00:16:05.160> around<00:16:05.480> and
compass to find their way around and
compass to find their way around and
they<00:16:07.139> have<00:16:07.320> some<00:16:07.560> sort<00:16:07.740> of<00:16:07.860> system<00:16:08.160> for
they have some sort of system for
they have some sort of system for
measuring<00:16:09.540> that<00:16:09.779> distance<00:16:10.019> and<00:16:10.800> we<00:16:10.980> know<00:16:11.160> that
measuring that distance and we know that
measuring that distance and we know that
these<00:16:11.820> species<00:16:12.180> here<00:16:12.480> actually<00:16:13.320> count<00:16:14.040> the
these species here actually count the
these species here actually count the
steps<00:16:14.639> that's<00:16:14.760> what<00:16:14.940> they<00:16:15.060> use<00:16:15.240> as<00:16:15.360> an
steps that's what they use as an
steps that's what they use as an
odometer<00:16:16.139> a<00:16:16.620> step<00:16:16.860> counting<00:16:17.399> system<00:16:18.019> to<00:16:19.019> find
odometer a step counting system to find
odometer a step counting system to find
their<00:16:19.980> way<00:16:20.220> back<00:16:21.060> home<00:16:21.360> we<00:16:21.779> don't<00:16:21.899> know<00:16:22.260> yet
their way back home we don't know yet
their way back home we don't know yet
what<00:16:23.040> dung<00:16:23.339> beetles<00:16:23.699> use<00:16:23.940> so<00:16:24.660> what<00:16:24.779> have<00:16:24.959> we
what dung beetles use so what have we
what dung beetles use so what have we
learned<00:16:25.260> from<00:16:25.440> these<00:16:25.740> animals<00:16:26.279> with<00:16:26.760> a<00:16:27.000> brain
learned from these animals with a brain
learned from these animals with a brain
that's<00:16:27.839> the<00:16:28.079> size<00:16:28.199> of<00:16:28.380> a<00:16:28.500> grain<00:16:28.680> of<00:16:28.860> rice<00:16:29.180> well
that's the size of a grain of rice well
that's the size of a grain of rice well
we<00:16:31.019> know<00:16:31.260> that<00:16:31.980> they<00:16:32.279> can<00:16:32.399> roll<00:16:32.519> balls<00:16:32.940> in<00:16:33.000> a
we know that they can roll balls in a
we know that they can roll balls in a
straight<00:16:33.300> line<00:16:33.600> using<00:16:34.380> Celestial<00:16:34.860> cues<00:16:35.339> we
straight line using Celestial cues we
straight line using Celestial cues we
know<00:16:36.300> that<00:16:36.779> the<00:16:36.959> dance<00:16:37.139> behaviors<00:16:37.680> and
know that the dance behaviors and
know that the dance behaviors and
orientation<00:16:38.399> Behavior<00:16:39.000> it's<00:16:39.360> also<00:16:39.600> a
orientation Behavior it's also a
orientation Behavior it's also a
thermoregulation<00:16:40.440> behavior<00:16:41.040> and<00:16:41.639> we<00:16:41.759> also
thermoregulation behavior and we also
thermoregulation behavior and we also
know<00:16:42.380> that<00:16:43.380> they<00:16:43.740> use<00:16:44.040> a<00:16:44.579> pass<00:16:44.759> integration
know that they use a pass integration
know that they use a pass integration
system<00:16:45.660> for<00:16:46.620> finding<00:16:47.100> their<00:16:47.220> way<00:16:47.399> home<00:16:47.699> so<00:16:48.360> for
system for finding their way home so for
system for finding their way home so for
a<00:16:48.779> small<00:16:48.899> animal<00:16:49.199> dealing<00:16:50.100> with<00:16:50.220> a<00:16:50.399> fairly
a small animal dealing with a fairly
a small animal dealing with a fairly
revolting<00:16:51.120> substance<00:16:51.600> we<00:16:52.320> can<00:16:52.440> actually
revolting substance we can actually
revolting substance we can actually
learn<00:16:52.860> an<00:16:53.100> awful<00:16:53.399> lot<00:16:53.579> from<00:16:54.240> these<00:16:54.540> things
learn an awful lot from these things
learn an awful lot from these things
doing<00:16:55.440> behaviors<00:16:56.220> that<00:16:56.459> you<00:16:56.579> and<00:16:56.699> I<00:16:56.880> couldn't
doing behaviors that you and I couldn't
doing behaviors that you and I couldn't
possibly<00:16:57.600> do<00:16:57.920> thank<00:16:58.920> you
foreign
Marcus Byrne, dung, beetle, beetle, dung, nature, bug, TED, TEDx, TEDxWitsUniversity, TED-Ed, TED, Ed, TEDEducation
