Meet global corruption's hidden players - Charmian Gooch
[Music]
[Music]
when<00:00:16.320> we<00:00:16.480> talk<00:00:16.720> about<00:00:16.960> corruption<00:00:18.000> there<00:00:18.240> are
when we talk about corruption there are
when we talk about corruption there are
typical<00:00:18.880> types<00:00:19.359> of<00:00:19.520> individuals<00:00:20.160> that<00:00:20.400> spring
typical types of individuals that spring
typical types of individuals that spring
to<00:00:20.880> mind
to mind
to mind
there's<00:00:22.000> the<00:00:22.080> former<00:00:22.480> soviet<00:00:22.880> megalomaniacs
there's the former soviet megalomaniacs
there's the former soviet megalomaniacs
of<00:00:25.519> he<00:00:25.600> was<00:00:25.760> one<00:00:25.920> of<00:00:26.080> them
of he was one of them
of he was one of them
until<00:00:27.439> his<00:00:27.599> death<00:00:27.920> in<00:00:28.080> 2006<00:00:29.279> he<00:00:29.439> was<00:00:29.599> the
until his death in 2006 he was the
until his death in 2006 he was the
all-powerful<00:00:30.560> leader<00:00:31.039> of<00:00:31.199> turkmenistan<00:00:32.320> a
all-powerful leader of turkmenistan a
all-powerful leader of turkmenistan a
central<00:00:32.880> asian<00:00:33.200> country<00:00:34.000> rich<00:00:34.480> in<00:00:34.640> natural
central asian country rich in natural
central asian country rich in natural
gas
gas
gas
now<00:00:36.719> he<00:00:36.960> really<00:00:37.520> loved<00:00:37.840> to<00:00:38.079> issue
now he really loved to issue
now he really loved to issue
presidential<00:00:39.040> decrees<00:00:39.840> and<00:00:40.079> one<00:00:40.480> renamed<00:00:40.960> the
presidential decrees and one renamed the
presidential decrees and one renamed the
months<00:00:41.520> of<00:00:41.600> the<00:00:41.760> year<00:00:42.320> including<00:00:43.360> after
months of the year including after
months of the year including after
himself<00:00:44.320> and<00:00:44.480> his<00:00:44.640> mother
himself and his mother
himself and his mother
he<00:00:45.840> spent<00:00:46.399> millions<00:00:46.960> of<00:00:47.120> dollars<00:00:47.520> creating<00:00:48.000> a
he spent millions of dollars creating a
he spent millions of dollars creating a
bizarre<00:00:48.640> personality<00:00:49.280> cult
bizarre personality cult
bizarre personality cult
and<00:00:50.480> his<00:00:50.719> crowning<00:00:51.120> glory<00:00:51.520> was<00:00:51.760> the<00:00:51.840> building
and his crowning glory was the building
and his crowning glory was the building
of<00:00:52.480> a<00:00:52.719> 40-foot<00:00:53.440> high<00:00:54.160> gold-plated<00:00:54.879> statue<00:00:55.440> of
of a 40-foot high gold-plated statue of
of a 40-foot high gold-plated statue of
himself<00:00:56.399> which<00:00:56.640> stood<00:00:56.960> proudly<00:00:57.520> in<00:00:57.600> the
himself which stood proudly in the
himself which stood proudly in the
capital<00:00:58.160> central<00:00:58.640> square<00:00:59.520> and<00:00:59.680> rotated<00:01:00.480> to
capital central square and rotated to
capital central square and rotated to
follow<00:01:01.039> the<00:01:01.280> sun
follow the sun
follow the sun
he<00:01:02.399> was<00:01:02.800> a<00:01:02.879> slightly<00:01:03.280> unusual<00:01:03.680> guy
he was a slightly unusual guy
he was a slightly unusual guy
and<00:01:05.280> then<00:01:05.680> there's<00:01:05.920> that<00:01:06.240> cliche<00:01:06.960> the<00:01:07.200> african
and then there's that cliche the african
and then there's that cliche the african
dictator<00:01:08.479> or<00:01:08.640> minister<00:01:09.200> or<00:01:09.360> official
dictator or minister or official
dictator or minister or official
there's<00:01:11.040> teodor<00:01:11.520> in<00:01:11.760> obiang
there's teodor in obiang
there's teodor in obiang
so<00:01:13.920> his<00:01:14.159> daddy<00:01:14.799> is<00:01:14.960> president<00:01:15.680> for<00:01:15.840> life<00:01:16.320> of
so his daddy is president for life of
so his daddy is president for life of
equatorial<00:01:17.119> guinea
equatorial guinea
equatorial guinea
a<00:01:18.560> west<00:01:18.880> african<00:01:19.280> nation<00:01:19.680> that<00:01:19.920> has<00:01:20.080> exported
a west african nation that has exported
a west african nation that has exported
billions<00:01:21.520> of<00:01:21.680> dollars<00:01:22.080> of<00:01:22.240> oil<00:01:22.560> since<00:01:22.799> the
billions of dollars of oil since the
billions of dollars of oil since the
1990s
1990s
1990s
and<00:01:24.720> yet<00:01:24.960> has<00:01:25.200> a<00:01:25.280> truly<00:01:25.759> appalling<00:01:26.640> human
and yet has a truly appalling human
and yet has a truly appalling human
rights<00:01:27.200> record
rights record
rights record
the<00:01:28.720> vast<00:01:29.040> majority<00:01:29.520> of<00:01:29.680> its<00:01:29.840> people<00:01:30.240> are
the vast majority of its people are
the vast majority of its people are
living<00:01:31.040> in<00:01:31.360> really<00:01:31.759> miserable<00:01:32.400> poverty
living in really miserable poverty
living in really miserable poverty
despite<00:01:33.600> an<00:01:33.840> income<00:01:34.079> per<00:01:34.240> capita<00:01:34.640> that's<00:01:34.799> on<00:01:34.960> a
despite an income per capita that's on a
despite an income per capita that's on a
par<00:01:35.280> with<00:01:35.439> that<00:01:35.680> of<00:01:35.840> portugal
par with that of portugal
par with that of portugal
so<00:01:38.079> obiang<00:01:38.560> jr<00:01:39.200> well<00:01:39.680> he<00:01:39.920> buys<00:01:40.240> himself<00:01:40.799> a<00:01:41.040> 30
so obiang jr well he buys himself a 30
so obiang jr well he buys himself a 30
million<00:01:42.320> mansion<00:01:42.799> in<00:01:42.960> malibu<00:01:43.520> california
million mansion in malibu california
million mansion in malibu california
i've<00:01:45.119> been<00:01:45.360> up<00:01:45.439> to<00:01:45.520> its<00:01:45.680> front<00:01:45.920> gates<00:01:46.240> i<00:01:46.320> can
i've been up to its front gates i can
i've been up to its front gates i can
tell<00:01:46.720> you<00:01:46.960> it's<00:01:47.119> a<00:01:47.200> magnificent<00:01:47.920> spread
tell you it's a magnificent spread
tell you it's a magnificent spread
he<00:01:49.600> bought<00:01:50.240> an<00:01:50.479> 18<00:01:51.119> million<00:01:51.680> euro<00:01:52.079> art
he bought an 18 million euro art
he bought an 18 million euro art
collection<00:01:53.119> that<00:01:53.280> used<00:01:53.520> to<00:01:53.600> belong<00:01:53.920> to
collection that used to belong to
collection that used to belong to
fashion<00:01:54.320> designer<00:01:55.040> yves<00:01:55.280> saint<00:01:55.439> laurent
fashion designer yves saint laurent
fashion designer yves saint laurent
a<00:01:57.119> stack<00:01:57.520> of<00:01:57.680> fabulous<00:01:58.079> sports<00:01:58.479> cars<00:01:58.719> some
a stack of fabulous sports cars some
a stack of fabulous sports cars some
costing<00:01:59.520> a<00:01:59.680> million<00:02:00.079> dollars<00:02:00.479> a<00:02:00.560> piece<00:02:01.200> oh<00:02:01.600> and
costing a million dollars a piece oh and
costing a million dollars a piece oh and
a<00:02:01.840> gulfstream<00:02:02.399> jet<00:02:02.719> too
a gulfstream jet too
a gulfstream jet too
now<00:02:03.920> get<00:02:04.159> this
now get this
now get this
until<00:02:05.280> recently<00:02:05.920> he<00:02:06.079> was<00:02:06.320> earning<00:02:06.719> an
until recently he was earning an
until recently he was earning an
official<00:02:07.759> monthly<00:02:08.239> salary<00:02:09.119> of<00:02:09.280> less<00:02:09.679> than
official monthly salary of less than
official monthly salary of less than
seven<00:02:10.399> thousand<00:02:11.039> dollars
seven thousand dollars
seven thousand dollars
and<00:02:13.200> this<00:02:13.440> dan<00:02:13.680> atete
and this dan atete
and this dan atete
well<00:02:15.599> he<00:02:15.760> was<00:02:15.920> a<00:02:16.000> former<00:02:16.400> oil<00:02:16.640> minister<00:02:17.120> of
well he was a former oil minister of
well he was a former oil minister of
nigeria<00:02:18.080> under<00:02:18.319> president<00:02:18.800> abacha
nigeria under president abacha
nigeria under president abacha
and<00:02:20.080> it<00:02:20.160> just<00:02:20.400> so<00:02:20.560> happens<00:02:20.959> he's<00:02:21.120> a<00:02:21.200> convicted
and it just so happens he's a convicted
and it just so happens he's a convicted
money<00:02:21.920> launderer<00:02:22.480> too
money launderer too
money launderer too
we've<00:02:24.000> spent<00:02:24.480> a<00:02:24.640> great<00:02:24.879> deal<00:02:25.120> of<00:02:25.280> time
we've spent a great deal of time
we've spent a great deal of time
investigating<00:02:26.800> a<00:02:27.120> billion<00:02:27.599> dollar<00:02:28.000> that's
investigating a billion dollar that's
investigating a billion dollar that's
right<00:02:28.720> a<00:02:28.959> billion<00:02:29.360> dollar<00:02:30.000> oil<00:02:30.319> deal<00:02:30.720> that<00:02:30.959> he
right a billion dollar oil deal that he
right a billion dollar oil deal that he
was<00:02:31.360> involved<00:02:31.760> with
was involved with
was involved with
and<00:02:32.640> what<00:02:32.800> we<00:02:33.040> found<00:02:33.280> was<00:02:33.440> pretty<00:02:33.760> shocking
and what we found was pretty shocking
and what we found was pretty shocking
but<00:02:34.480> um<00:02:34.800> more<00:02:35.040> about<00:02:35.200> that<00:02:35.440> later
but um more about that later
but um more about that later
so
so
so
it's<00:02:38.480> easy<00:02:38.800> to<00:02:39.040> think<00:02:39.519> that<00:02:39.760> corruption
it's easy to think that corruption
it's easy to think that corruption
happens<00:02:40.800> somewhere<00:02:41.440> kind<00:02:41.599> of<00:02:41.840> over<00:02:42.080> there
happens somewhere kind of over there
happens somewhere kind of over there
carried<00:02:43.120> out<00:02:43.360> by<00:02:43.599> a<00:02:43.680> bunch<00:02:44.000> of<00:02:44.239> greedy<00:02:44.640> despots
carried out by a bunch of greedy despots
carried out by a bunch of greedy despots
and<00:02:45.200> individuals<00:02:45.760> up<00:02:45.840> to<00:02:46.000> no<00:02:46.160> good<00:02:46.400> in
and individuals up to no good in
and individuals up to no good in
countries<00:02:47.440> that<00:02:47.599> we<00:02:47.920> personally<00:02:48.640> may<00:02:48.800> know
countries that we personally may know
countries that we personally may know
very<00:02:49.280> little<00:02:49.519> about<00:02:50.000> and<00:02:50.160> feel<00:02:50.400> really
very little about and feel really
very little about and feel really
unconnected<00:02:51.440> to<00:02:51.680> and<00:02:51.920> unaffected
unconnected to and unaffected
unconnected to and unaffected
by<00:02:53.360> what<00:02:53.519> might<00:02:53.760> be<00:02:53.840> going<00:02:54.160> on
by what might be going on
by what might be going on
but<00:02:55.280> does<00:02:55.519> it<00:02:55.680> just<00:02:55.920> happen<00:02:56.319> over<00:02:56.560> there
but does it just happen over there
but does it just happen over there
well<00:02:58.800> at<00:02:58.959> 22
well at 22
well at 22
i<00:03:00.400> was<00:03:00.640> very<00:03:00.959> lucky<00:03:01.840> my<00:03:02.239> first<00:03:02.800> job<00:03:03.280> out<00:03:03.440> of
i was very lucky my first job out of
i was very lucky my first job out of
university<00:03:04.480> was<00:03:04.720> investigating<00:03:05.519> the<00:03:05.680> illegal
university was investigating the illegal
university was investigating the illegal
trade<00:03:06.720> in<00:03:06.959> african<00:03:07.519> ivory
trade in african ivory
trade in african ivory
and<00:03:08.720> that's<00:03:08.959> how<00:03:09.120> my<00:03:09.360> relationship<00:03:09.840> with
and that's how my relationship with
and that's how my relationship with
corruption<00:03:10.560> really<00:03:10.800> began
corruption really began
corruption really began
in<00:03:12.879> 1993<00:03:13.920> with<00:03:14.159> two<00:03:14.400> friends<00:03:14.640> who<00:03:14.800> were
in 1993 with two friends who were
in 1993 with two friends who were
colleagues
colleagues
colleagues
simon<00:03:16.400> taylor<00:03:16.959> and<00:03:17.200> patrick<00:03:17.599> alley
simon taylor and patrick alley
simon taylor and patrick alley
we<00:03:18.959> set<00:03:19.200> up<00:03:19.280> an<00:03:19.440> organization<00:03:20.239> called<00:03:20.640> global
we set up an organization called global
we set up an organization called global
witness
witness
witness
our<00:03:22.319> first<00:03:22.640> campaign<00:03:23.280> was<00:03:23.440> investigating<00:03:24.239> the
our first campaign was investigating the
our first campaign was investigating the
role<00:03:24.800> of<00:03:24.959> illegal<00:03:25.360> logging<00:03:26.080> in<00:03:26.239> funding<00:03:26.560> the
role of illegal logging in funding the
role of illegal logging in funding the
war<00:03:27.280> in<00:03:27.360> cambodia
war in cambodia
war in cambodia
so<00:03:29.360> a<00:03:29.440> few<00:03:29.680> years<00:03:29.840> later<00:03:30.480> and<00:03:30.640> it's<00:03:30.799> now<00:03:31.040> 1997
so a few years later and it's now 1997
so a few years later and it's now 1997
and<00:03:32.560> i'm<00:03:32.879> in<00:03:33.120> angola<00:03:33.920> undercover
and i'm in angola undercover
and i'm in angola undercover
investigating<00:03:35.440> blood<00:03:35.760> diamonds<00:03:36.799> um<00:03:37.200> perhaps
investigating blood diamonds um perhaps
investigating blood diamonds um perhaps
you<00:03:37.840> saw<00:03:38.080> the<00:03:38.159> film<00:03:38.560> the<00:03:38.640> hollywood<00:03:39.040> film
you saw the film the hollywood film
you saw the film the hollywood film
blood<00:03:39.599> diamond<00:03:40.080> the<00:03:40.239> one<00:03:40.400> with<00:03:40.560> leonardo
blood diamond the one with leonardo
blood diamond the one with leonardo
dicaprio<00:03:41.920> or<00:03:42.080> some<00:03:42.319> of<00:03:42.400> that<00:03:42.640> sprang<00:03:43.120> from
dicaprio or some of that sprang from
dicaprio or some of that sprang from
from<00:03:43.599> our<00:03:43.760> work
from our work
from our work
luanda<00:03:46.480> it<00:03:46.640> was<00:03:46.799> full<00:03:47.040> of<00:03:47.200> landmine<00:03:47.680> victims
luanda it was full of landmine victims
luanda it was full of landmine victims
who<00:03:48.239> were<00:03:48.400> struggling<00:03:48.959> to<00:03:49.120> survive<00:03:49.519> on<00:03:49.680> the
who were struggling to survive on the
who were struggling to survive on the
streets<00:03:50.400> and<00:03:50.720> wore<00:03:51.040> orphans<00:03:51.519> living<00:03:51.920> in
streets and wore orphans living in
streets and wore orphans living in
sewers<00:03:52.640> under<00:03:52.879> the<00:03:53.040> streets<00:03:53.440> and<00:03:53.599> a<00:03:53.760> tiny<00:03:54.480> very
sewers under the streets and a tiny very
sewers under the streets and a tiny very
wealthy<00:03:55.120> elite<00:03:55.440> who<00:03:55.680> gossiped<00:03:56.159> about
wealthy elite who gossiped about
wealthy elite who gossiped about
shopping<00:03:56.720> trips<00:03:57.040> to<00:03:57.200> brazil<00:03:57.680> and<00:03:57.840> portugal
shopping trips to brazil and portugal
shopping trips to brazil and portugal
and<00:03:59.120> it<00:03:59.200> was<00:03:59.360> a<00:03:59.439> slightly<00:03:59.920> crazy<00:04:00.400> place
and it was a slightly crazy place
and it was a slightly crazy place
so<00:04:01.840> i'm<00:04:02.159> sitting<00:04:02.640> in<00:04:02.720> a<00:04:02.879> hot<00:04:03.120> and<00:04:03.200> very<00:04:03.360> stuffy
so i'm sitting in a hot and very stuffy
so i'm sitting in a hot and very stuffy
hotel<00:04:04.239> room
hotel room
hotel room
feeling<00:04:05.920> just<00:04:06.400> totally<00:04:07.040> overwhelmed
feeling just totally overwhelmed
feeling just totally overwhelmed
but<00:04:08.560> it<00:04:08.640> wasn't<00:04:08.959> about<00:04:09.200> blood<00:04:09.519> diamonds
but it wasn't about blood diamonds
but it wasn't about blood diamonds
because<00:04:10.879> i'd<00:04:11.040> been<00:04:11.200> speaking<00:04:11.760> to<00:04:11.920> lots<00:04:12.239> of
because i'd been speaking to lots of
because i'd been speaking to lots of
people<00:04:12.959> there<00:04:13.360> who<00:04:13.840> well<00:04:14.000> they<00:04:14.159> talked<00:04:14.480> about
people there who well they talked about
people there who well they talked about
a<00:04:14.720> different<00:04:15.040> problem
a different problem
a different problem
that<00:04:16.320> of<00:04:16.479> a<00:04:16.560> massive<00:04:16.959> web<00:04:17.199> of<00:04:17.280> corruption<00:04:17.840> on<00:04:18.000> a
that of a massive web of corruption on a
that of a massive web of corruption on a
global<00:04:18.560> scale<00:04:19.359> and<00:04:19.680> millions<00:04:20.239> of<00:04:20.400> oil<00:04:20.639> dollars
global scale and millions of oil dollars
global scale and millions of oil dollars
going<00:04:21.280> missing
going missing
going missing
and<00:04:22.960> for<00:04:23.199> what<00:04:23.360> was<00:04:23.520> then<00:04:23.680> a<00:04:23.840> very<00:04:24.000> small
and for what was then a very small
and for what was then a very small
organization<00:04:24.960> of<00:04:25.040> just<00:04:25.520> a<00:04:25.600> few<00:04:25.919> people
organization of just a few people
organization of just a few people
trying<00:04:27.759> to<00:04:27.919> even<00:04:28.160> begin<00:04:28.560> to<00:04:28.720> think<00:04:28.960> how<00:04:29.120> we
trying to even begin to think how we
trying to even begin to think how we
might<00:04:29.440> tackle<00:04:29.759> that<00:04:29.919> was<00:04:30.080> an<00:04:30.240> enormous
might tackle that was an enormous
might tackle that was an enormous
challenge
challenge
challenge
and<00:04:32.560> in<00:04:32.720> the<00:04:32.880> years<00:04:33.199> that<00:04:33.360> i've<00:04:33.520> been<00:04:33.840> and
and in the years that i've been and
and in the years that i've been and
we've<00:04:34.160> all<00:04:34.240> been<00:04:34.479> campaigning<00:04:35.040> and
we've all been campaigning and
we've all been campaigning and
investigating<00:04:36.320> i've<00:04:36.560> repeatedly<00:04:37.120> seen<00:04:37.360> that
investigating i've repeatedly seen that
investigating i've repeatedly seen that
what<00:04:37.600> makes<00:04:37.840> corruption<00:04:38.639> on<00:04:38.960> a<00:04:39.199> global
what makes corruption on a global
what makes corruption on a global
massive<00:04:40.160> scale<00:04:40.639> possible<00:04:41.040> well<00:04:41.280> it<00:04:41.680> isn't
massive scale possible well it isn't
massive scale possible well it isn't
just<00:04:42.160> greed<00:04:42.560> or<00:04:42.639> the<00:04:42.720> misuse<00:04:43.199> of<00:04:43.360> power<00:04:44.240> or
just greed or the misuse of power or
just greed or the misuse of power or
that<00:04:44.639> nebulous<00:04:45.120> phrase<00:04:45.520> weak<00:04:45.840> governance<00:04:46.320> i
that nebulous phrase weak governance i
that nebulous phrase weak governance i
mean<00:04:46.560> yes<00:04:46.880> it's<00:04:47.040> all<00:04:47.199> of<00:04:47.280> those
mean yes it's all of those
mean yes it's all of those
but<00:04:49.040> corruption<00:04:49.840> it's<00:04:50.000> made<00:04:50.320> possible<00:04:50.800> by<00:04:50.960> the
but corruption it's made possible by the
but corruption it's made possible by the
actions<00:04:51.759> of<00:04:51.919> global<00:04:52.479> facilitators
actions of global facilitators
actions of global facilitators
so<00:04:55.199> let's<00:04:55.440> go<00:04:55.600> back<00:04:55.919> to<00:04:56.240> some<00:04:56.400> of<00:04:56.479> those<00:04:56.720> people
so let's go back to some of those people
so let's go back to some of those people
i<00:04:57.120> talked<00:04:57.360> about<00:04:57.600> earlier<00:04:58.080> now<00:04:58.240> they're<00:04:58.400> all
i talked about earlier now they're all
i talked about earlier now they're all
people<00:04:58.800> we've<00:04:58.960> investigated<00:04:59.680> and<00:04:59.759> they're
people we've investigated and they're
people we've investigated and they're
all<00:05:00.080> people<00:05:00.320> who<00:05:00.479> couldn't<00:05:00.720> do<00:05:00.880> what<00:05:01.040> they<00:05:01.199> do
all people who couldn't do what they do
all people who couldn't do what they do
alone
alone
alone
take<00:05:02.720> obiang<00:05:03.199> jr<00:05:03.759> well<00:05:04.240> he<00:05:04.479> didn't<00:05:04.800> end<00:05:04.960> up
take obiang jr well he didn't end up
take obiang jr well he didn't end up
with<00:05:05.440> high-end<00:05:05.919> art<00:05:06.320> and<00:05:06.479> and<00:05:06.800> luxury<00:05:07.520> houses
with high-end art and and luxury houses
with high-end art and and luxury houses
without<00:05:08.320> help
without help
without help
he<00:05:09.360> did<00:05:09.600> business<00:05:09.919> with<00:05:10.080> global<00:05:10.479> banks<00:05:11.360> a<00:05:11.600> bank
he did business with global banks a bank
he did business with global banks a bank
in<00:05:12.000> paris<00:05:12.400> held<00:05:12.639> accounts<00:05:13.120> of<00:05:13.280> companies
in paris held accounts of companies
in paris held accounts of companies
controlled<00:05:14.320> by<00:05:14.560> him<00:05:15.120> one<00:05:15.280> of<00:05:15.360> which<00:05:15.520> was<00:05:15.680> used
controlled by him one of which was used
controlled by him one of which was used
to<00:05:16.000> buy<00:05:16.240> the<00:05:16.400> art
to buy the art
to buy the art
and<00:05:17.840> american<00:05:18.400> banks<00:05:18.880> well<00:05:19.039> they<00:05:19.360> funneled<00:05:20.000> 73
and american banks well they funneled 73
and american banks well they funneled 73
million<00:05:21.440> dollars<00:05:21.919> into<00:05:22.160> the<00:05:22.320> states<00:05:22.960> some<00:05:23.199> of
million dollars into the states some of
million dollars into the states some of
which<00:05:23.600> was<00:05:23.840> used<00:05:24.080> to<00:05:24.240> buy<00:05:24.639> that<00:05:24.800> californian
which was used to buy that californian
which was used to buy that californian
mansion
mansion
mansion
and<00:05:27.600> he<00:05:27.759> didn't<00:05:27.919> do<00:05:28.080> all<00:05:28.240> this<00:05:28.400> in<00:05:28.560> his<00:05:28.720> own
and he didn't do all this in his own
and he didn't do all this in his own
name<00:05:29.280> either<00:05:30.160> he<00:05:30.320> used<00:05:30.560> shell<00:05:30.880> companies<00:05:31.840> he
name either he used shell companies he
name either he used shell companies he
used<00:05:32.320> one<00:05:32.479> to<00:05:32.639> buy<00:05:32.800> the<00:05:32.960> property<00:05:33.440> and<00:05:33.600> another
used one to buy the property and another
used one to buy the property and another
which<00:05:34.240> was<00:05:34.400> in<00:05:34.560> somebody<00:05:34.960> else's<00:05:35.360> name
which was in somebody else's name
which was in somebody else's name
to<00:05:36.800> pay<00:05:36.960> the<00:05:37.120> huge<00:05:37.440> bills<00:05:37.840> it<00:05:38.000> cost<00:05:38.320> to<00:05:38.400> run<00:05:38.639> the
to pay the huge bills it cost to run the
to pay the huge bills it cost to run the
place
place
place
and<00:05:40.560> then<00:05:40.720> there's<00:05:40.960> dan<00:05:41.280> attete<00:05:42.320> well<00:05:43.039> when<00:05:43.280> he
and then there's dan attete well when he
and then there's dan attete well when he
was<00:05:43.680> oil<00:05:43.919> minister<00:05:44.560> he<00:05:44.880> awarded<00:05:45.680> an<00:05:45.840> oil<00:05:46.160> block
was oil minister he awarded an oil block
was oil minister he awarded an oil block
now<00:05:47.120> worth<00:05:47.680> over<00:05:48.080> a<00:05:48.240> billion<00:05:48.639> dollars
now worth over a billion dollars
now worth over a billion dollars
to<00:05:49.840> a<00:05:49.919> company<00:05:50.639> that<00:05:50.800> guess<00:05:51.120> what<00:05:51.919> yeah<00:05:52.400> he<00:05:52.560> was
to a company that guess what yeah he was
to a company that guess what yeah he was
the<00:05:52.800> hidden<00:05:53.120> owner<00:05:53.440> of
the hidden owner of
the hidden owner of
now<00:05:55.360> it<00:05:55.440> was<00:05:55.600> then<00:05:56.160> much<00:05:56.479> later<00:05:57.199> uh<00:05:57.520> traded<00:05:58.000> on
now it was then much later uh traded on
now it was then much later uh traded on
with<00:05:58.479> the<00:05:58.639> kind<00:05:58.960> assistance<00:05:59.520> of<00:05:59.600> the<00:05:59.759> nigerian
with the kind assistance of the nigerian
with the kind assistance of the nigerian
government<00:06:00.720> i<00:06:00.880> have<00:06:01.039> to<00:06:01.120> be<00:06:01.199> careful<00:06:01.520> what<00:06:01.600> i
government i have to be careful what i
government i have to be careful what i
say<00:06:01.919> here<00:06:02.479> um<00:06:02.960> two<00:06:03.360> subsidiaries<00:06:04.400> of<00:06:04.800> shell
say here um two subsidiaries of shell
say here um two subsidiaries of shell
and<00:06:05.840> the<00:06:06.000> italian<00:06:06.639> any<00:06:07.199> two<00:06:07.360> of<00:06:07.440> the<00:06:07.600> biggest
and the italian any two of the biggest
and the italian any two of the biggest
oil<00:06:08.319> companies<00:06:08.800> around<00:06:09.600> so<00:06:09.759> the<00:06:09.919> reality<00:06:10.479> is
oil companies around so the reality is
oil companies around so the reality is
is<00:06:10.720> that<00:06:10.800> the<00:06:10.960> engine<00:06:11.280> of<00:06:11.360> corruption<00:06:11.919> well<00:06:12.160> it
is that the engine of corruption well it
is that the engine of corruption well it
exists<00:06:12.800> far<00:06:13.039> beyond<00:06:13.360> the<00:06:13.520> shores<00:06:13.840> of
exists far beyond the shores of
exists far beyond the shores of
countries<00:06:14.800> like<00:06:15.039> equatorial<00:06:15.600> guinea<00:06:16.000> or
countries like equatorial guinea or
countries like equatorial guinea or
nigeria<00:06:16.639> or<00:06:16.800> turkmenistan<00:06:18.080> this<00:06:18.400> engine<00:06:19.039> well
nigeria or turkmenistan this engine well
nigeria or turkmenistan this engine well
it's<00:06:19.600> driven<00:06:20.080> by<00:06:20.400> our<00:06:20.800> international<00:06:21.360> banking
it's driven by our international banking
it's driven by our international banking
system
system
system
by<00:06:22.960> the<00:06:23.120> problem<00:06:23.440> of<00:06:23.520> anonymous<00:06:24.000> shell
by the problem of anonymous shell
by the problem of anonymous shell
companies
companies
companies
by<00:06:25.600> the<00:06:25.680> secrecy<00:06:26.240> that<00:06:26.400> we<00:06:26.639> have<00:06:26.880> afforded<00:06:27.520> big
by the secrecy that we have afforded big
by the secrecy that we have afforded big
oil<00:06:28.080> gas<00:06:28.400> and<00:06:28.479> mining<00:06:28.880> operations
oil gas and mining operations
oil gas and mining operations
and<00:06:30.800> most<00:06:31.039> of<00:06:31.199> all<00:06:31.759> by<00:06:31.919> the<00:06:32.160> failure<00:06:32.560> of<00:06:32.960> our
and most of all by the failure of our
and most of all by the failure of our
politicians<00:06:34.160> to<00:06:34.400> back<00:06:34.639> up<00:06:34.800> their<00:06:34.960> rhetoric
politicians to back up their rhetoric
politicians to back up their rhetoric
and<00:06:35.759> do<00:06:36.000> something<00:06:36.400> really<00:06:36.960> meaningful<00:06:37.440> and
and do something really meaningful and
and do something really meaningful and
systemic<00:06:38.240> to<00:06:38.400> tackle<00:06:39.120> this<00:06:39.360> stuff
systemic to tackle this stuff
systemic to tackle this stuff
now<00:06:41.440> let's<00:06:41.759> take<00:06:42.160> the<00:06:42.319> banks<00:06:42.800> first<00:06:43.360> well<00:06:44.000> it's
now let's take the banks first well it's
now let's take the banks first well it's
not<00:06:44.319> going<00:06:44.400> to<00:06:44.479> come<00:06:44.720> as<00:06:44.880> any<00:06:45.120> surprise<00:06:45.680> for<00:06:45.840> me
not going to come as any surprise for me
not going to come as any surprise for me
to<00:06:46.400> tell<00:06:46.560> you<00:06:47.039> that<00:06:47.280> banks<00:06:47.600> accept<00:06:48.080> dirty
to tell you that banks accept dirty
to tell you that banks accept dirty
money
money
money
but<00:06:50.319> they<00:06:50.560> prioritize<00:06:51.199> their<00:06:51.360> profits<00:06:51.840> in
but they prioritize their profits in
but they prioritize their profits in
other<00:06:52.240> destructive<00:06:52.800> ways<00:06:53.120> too
other destructive ways too
other destructive ways too
for<00:06:54.560> example<00:06:55.440> in<00:06:55.600> sarawak<00:06:56.240> malaysia
for example in sarawak malaysia
for example in sarawak malaysia
now<00:06:57.759> this<00:06:58.000> region<00:06:58.880> it<00:06:58.960> has<00:06:59.199> just<00:06:59.759> five<00:07:00.319> percent
now this region it has just five percent
now this region it has just five percent
of<00:07:01.520> its<00:07:01.759> forests<00:07:02.319> left<00:07:02.800> intact
of its forests left intact
of its forests left intact
five<00:07:04.720> percent
five percent
five percent
so<00:07:06.800> how<00:07:06.960> did<00:07:07.120> that<00:07:07.280> happen<00:07:07.840> well<00:07:08.160> because<00:07:08.800> an
so how did that happen well because an
so how did that happen well because an
elite<00:07:09.520> and<00:07:09.680> its<00:07:09.840> facilitators<00:07:10.880> have<00:07:11.039> been
elite and its facilitators have been
elite and its facilitators have been
making<00:07:11.919> millions<00:07:12.400> of<00:07:12.560> dollars<00:07:13.360> from<00:07:13.759> um
making millions of dollars from um
making millions of dollars from um
supporting<00:07:14.720> logging<00:07:15.199> on<00:07:15.360> an<00:07:15.599> industrial
supporting logging on an industrial
supporting logging on an industrial
scale<00:07:16.960> for<00:07:17.120> many<00:07:17.440> years
scale for many years
scale for many years
so<00:07:19.280> we<00:07:19.520> sent<00:07:19.840> an<00:07:20.000> undercover<00:07:20.479> investigator<00:07:21.199> in
so we sent an undercover investigator in
so we sent an undercover investigator in
to<00:07:21.520> secretly<00:07:22.000> film<00:07:22.319> meetings<00:07:22.800> with<00:07:22.960> members
to secretly film meetings with members
to secretly film meetings with members
of<00:07:23.520> the<00:07:23.599> ruling<00:07:23.919> elite
of the ruling elite
of the ruling elite
and<00:07:25.520> the<00:07:25.680> resulting<00:07:26.080> footage<00:07:26.479> well<00:07:26.720> it<00:07:26.800> made
and the resulting footage well it made
and the resulting footage well it made
some<00:07:27.120> people<00:07:27.360> very<00:07:27.680> angry<00:07:28.240> and<00:07:28.400> you<00:07:28.560> can<00:07:28.639> see
some people very angry and you can see
some people very angry and you can see
that<00:07:29.039> on<00:07:29.199> youtube<00:07:30.319> but<00:07:30.479> it<00:07:30.639> proved<00:07:31.039> what<00:07:31.120> we
that on youtube but it proved what we
that on youtube but it proved what we
had<00:07:31.360> long<00:07:31.599> suspected<00:07:32.160> because<00:07:32.400> it<00:07:32.639> showed<00:07:33.039> how
had long suspected because it showed how
had long suspected because it showed how
the<00:07:34.479> state's<00:07:34.960> chief<00:07:35.199> minister<00:07:35.840> despite<00:07:36.400> his
the state's chief minister despite his
the state's chief minister despite his
later<00:07:36.880> denials
later denials
later denials
used<00:07:38.560> his<00:07:38.800> control<00:07:39.199> over<00:07:39.520> land<00:07:39.840> and<00:07:40.000> forest
used his control over land and forest
used his control over land and forest
licenses<00:07:41.360> to<00:07:41.520> enrich<00:07:41.919> himself<00:07:42.400> and<00:07:42.479> his
licenses to enrich himself and his
licenses to enrich himself and his
family
family
family
and<00:07:44.639> hsbc<00:07:46.000> well<00:07:46.479> we<00:07:46.720> know<00:07:46.960> that<00:07:47.199> hsbc
and hsbc well we know that hsbc
and hsbc well we know that hsbc
bankrolled<00:07:48.960> the<00:07:49.120> region's<00:07:49.680> largest<00:07:50.080> logging
bankrolled the region's largest logging
bankrolled the region's largest logging
companies<00:07:50.880> that<00:07:50.960> were<00:07:51.120> responsible<00:07:51.759> for<00:07:51.919> some
companies that were responsible for some
companies that were responsible for some
of<00:07:52.240> that<00:07:52.400> destruction<00:07:53.360> in<00:07:53.520> sarawak<00:07:54.080> and
of that destruction in sarawak and
of that destruction in sarawak and
elsewhere
elsewhere
elsewhere
the<00:07:56.000> bank<00:07:56.319> violated<00:07:56.879> its<00:07:57.120> own<00:07:57.280> sustainability
the bank violated its own sustainability
the bank violated its own sustainability
policies<00:07:58.560> in<00:07:58.639> the<00:07:58.720> process<00:07:59.680> but<00:07:59.919> it<00:08:00.000> earned
policies in the process but it earned
policies in the process but it earned
around<00:08:00.680> 130<00:08:01.680> million<00:08:02.080> dollars
around 130 million dollars
around 130 million dollars
now<00:08:04.400> shortly<00:08:04.720> after<00:08:04.960> our<00:08:05.120> expose<00:08:05.840> very
now shortly after our expose very
now shortly after our expose very
shortly<00:08:06.400> after<00:08:06.639> our<00:08:06.720> expose<00:08:07.599> earlier<00:08:07.919> this
shortly after our expose earlier this
shortly after our expose earlier this
year<00:08:08.479> the<00:08:08.720> bank<00:08:09.120> announced<00:08:09.599> a<00:08:09.759> policy<00:08:10.160> review
year the bank announced a policy review
year the bank announced a policy review
on<00:08:10.800> this<00:08:11.360> and<00:08:11.759> well<00:08:12.000> is<00:08:12.080> this<00:08:12.319> progress<00:08:12.879> um
on this and well is this progress um
on this and well is this progress um
maybe<00:08:14.080> but<00:08:14.639> we're<00:08:14.800> going<00:08:14.879> to<00:08:14.960> be<00:08:15.120> keeping<00:08:15.599> a
maybe but we're going to be keeping a
maybe but we're going to be keeping a
very<00:08:15.919> close<00:08:16.240> eye<00:08:16.560> on<00:08:16.639> that<00:08:16.879> case
very close eye on that case
very close eye on that case
and<00:08:19.199> then<00:08:19.599> there's<00:08:19.840> the<00:08:20.000> problem<00:08:20.400> of
and then there's the problem of
and then there's the problem of
anonymous<00:08:21.039> shell<00:08:21.360> companies<00:08:22.160> well<00:08:22.879> we've<00:08:23.120> all
anonymous shell companies well we've all
anonymous shell companies well we've all
heard<00:08:23.440> about<00:08:23.680> what<00:08:23.840> they<00:08:24.080> are<00:08:24.560> i<00:08:24.720> think<00:08:25.120> and<00:08:25.520> we
heard about what they are i think and we
heard about what they are i think and we
all<00:08:25.919> know<00:08:26.160> they're<00:08:26.400> used<00:08:26.639> quite<00:08:26.879> a<00:08:26.960> bit<00:08:27.520> by
all know they're used quite a bit by
all know they're used quite a bit by
people<00:08:28.240> and<00:08:28.319> companies<00:08:29.120> who<00:08:29.280> are<00:08:29.440> trying<00:08:29.599> to
people and companies who are trying to
people and companies who are trying to
avoid<00:08:30.240> paying<00:08:30.560> their<00:08:30.720> proper<00:08:31.039> dues<00:08:31.360> to
avoid paying their proper dues to
avoid paying their proper dues to
society
society
society
also<00:08:33.279> known<00:08:33.519> as<00:08:33.680> taxes
also known as taxes
also known as taxes
but<00:08:36.240> what<00:08:36.479> doesn't<00:08:36.800> usually<00:08:37.120> come<00:08:37.360> to<00:08:37.519> light
but what doesn't usually come to light
but what doesn't usually come to light
is
is
is
how<00:08:39.599> uh<00:08:40.080> shell<00:08:40.399> companies<00:08:40.959> are<00:08:41.120> used<00:08:41.760> to<00:08:42.159> steal
how uh shell companies are used to steal
how uh shell companies are used to steal
huge<00:08:43.519> sums<00:08:43.839> of<00:08:43.919> money<00:08:44.320> transformational<00:08:45.200> sums
huge sums of money transformational sums
huge sums of money transformational sums
of<00:08:45.519> money<00:08:46.080> from<00:08:46.320> poor<00:08:46.560> countries
of money from poor countries
of money from poor countries
in<00:08:48.160> virtually<00:08:48.880> every<00:08:49.200> case<00:08:49.440> of<00:08:49.519> corruption
in virtually every case of corruption
in virtually every case of corruption
that<00:08:50.240> we've<00:08:50.640> investigated<00:08:51.680> shell<00:08:51.920> companies
that we've investigated shell companies
that we've investigated shell companies
have<00:08:52.480> appeared
have appeared
have appeared
and<00:08:53.760> sometimes<00:08:54.480> it's<00:08:54.720> been<00:08:54.880> impossible<00:08:55.440> to
and sometimes it's been impossible to
and sometimes it's been impossible to
find<00:08:55.920> out<00:08:56.080> who<00:08:56.240> was<00:08:56.480> really<00:08:56.880> involved<00:08:57.360> in<00:08:57.440> the
find out who was really involved in the
find out who was really involved in the
deal
deal
deal
a<00:08:59.839> recent<00:09:00.240> study<00:09:00.640> by<00:09:00.800> the<00:09:00.880> world<00:09:01.200> bank<00:09:01.760> looked
a recent study by the world bank looked
a recent study by the world bank looked
at<00:09:02.240> 200<00:09:03.120> cases<00:09:03.519> of<00:09:03.600> corruption
at 200 cases of corruption
at 200 cases of corruption
it<00:09:05.360> found<00:09:05.600> that<00:09:05.760> over<00:09:06.080> 70<00:09:06.480> percent<00:09:06.959> of<00:09:07.120> those
it found that over 70 percent of those
it found that over 70 percent of those
cases
cases
cases
had<00:09:08.800> used<00:09:09.040> anonymous<00:09:09.519> shell<00:09:09.760> companies
had used anonymous shell companies
had used anonymous shell companies
totaling<00:09:11.360> almost<00:09:11.680> 56<00:09:12.399> billion<00:09:13.279> dollars
totaling almost 56 billion dollars
totaling almost 56 billion dollars
now<00:09:14.800> many<00:09:15.040> of<00:09:15.120> these<00:09:15.360> companies<00:09:15.680> were<00:09:15.839> in
now many of these companies were in
now many of these companies were in
america<00:09:16.480> in<00:09:16.560> the<00:09:16.720> united<00:09:17.120> kingdom<00:09:17.680> it's
america in the united kingdom it's
america in the united kingdom it's
overseas<00:09:18.399> territories<00:09:18.959> and<00:09:19.040> crown
overseas territories and crown
overseas territories and crown
dependencies
dependencies
dependencies
and<00:09:20.720> so<00:09:20.959> it's<00:09:21.120> not<00:09:21.279> just<00:09:21.519> an<00:09:21.760> offshore<00:09:22.240> problem
and so it's not just an offshore problem
and so it's not just an offshore problem
it's<00:09:22.800> an<00:09:22.959> onshore<00:09:23.440> one<00:09:23.760> too
it's an onshore one too
it's an onshore one too
you<00:09:25.120> see<00:09:25.360> shell<00:09:25.680> companies<00:09:26.160> they're<00:09:26.560> central
you see shell companies they're central
you see shell companies they're central
to<00:09:27.120> the<00:09:27.279> secret<00:09:27.680> deals<00:09:28.080> which<00:09:28.320> may<00:09:28.560> benefit
to the secret deals which may benefit
to the secret deals which may benefit
wealthy<00:09:29.839> elites<00:09:30.720> rather<00:09:30.959> than<00:09:31.200> ordinary
wealthy elites rather than ordinary
wealthy elites rather than ordinary
citizens
citizens
citizens
one<00:09:33.920> striking<00:09:34.480> recent<00:09:34.880> case<00:09:35.120> that<00:09:35.200> we've
one striking recent case that we've
one striking recent case that we've
investigated<00:09:36.399> is<00:09:36.560> how<00:09:36.800> the<00:09:36.959> government<00:09:37.600> in
investigated is how the government in
investigated is how the government in
the<00:09:37.839> democratic<00:09:38.320> republic<00:09:38.800> of<00:09:38.959> congo<00:09:39.519> sold
the democratic republic of congo sold
the democratic republic of congo sold
off<00:09:40.160> a<00:09:40.320> series<00:09:40.800> of<00:09:40.959> valuable<00:09:41.600> state-owned
off a series of valuable state-owned
off a series of valuable state-owned
mining<00:09:43.200> assets<00:09:43.920> to<00:09:44.080> shell<00:09:44.399> companies<00:09:45.200> in<00:09:45.279> the
mining assets to shell companies in the
mining assets to shell companies in the
british<00:09:45.760> virgin<00:09:46.080> islands
british virgin islands
british virgin islands
so<00:09:47.680> we<00:09:47.839> spoke<00:09:48.080> to<00:09:48.240> sources<00:09:48.640> in<00:09:48.800> country<00:09:49.519> trawl
so we spoke to sources in country trawl
so we spoke to sources in country trawl
through<00:09:50.080> company<00:09:50.480> documents<00:09:51.279> and<00:09:51.440> other
through company documents and other
through company documents and other
information<00:09:52.480> trying<00:09:52.720> to<00:09:52.880> piece<00:09:53.200> together<00:09:53.920> a
information trying to piece together a
information trying to piece together a
really<00:09:54.399> true<00:09:54.640> picture<00:09:54.959> of<00:09:55.120> the<00:09:55.200> deal
really true picture of the deal
really true picture of the deal
and<00:09:56.640> we<00:09:56.800> were<00:09:56.959> alarmed<00:09:57.279> to<00:09:57.440> find<00:09:58.080> that<00:09:58.320> these
and we were alarmed to find that these
and we were alarmed to find that these
shell<00:09:58.880> companies<00:09:59.279> had<00:09:59.600> quickly<00:10:00.160> flipped<00:10:00.640> many
shell companies had quickly flipped many
shell companies had quickly flipped many
of<00:10:00.959> the<00:10:01.120> assets<00:10:01.680> on<00:10:01.920> for<00:10:02.160> huge<00:10:02.560> profits
of the assets on for huge profits
of the assets on for huge profits
to<00:10:03.920> major<00:10:04.399> international<00:10:04.959> mining<00:10:05.360> companies
to major international mining companies
to major international mining companies
listed<00:10:06.720> in<00:10:06.880> london
listed in london
listed in london
now<00:10:08.880> the<00:10:09.040> africa<00:10:09.440> progress<00:10:09.839> panel<00:10:10.320> led<00:10:10.560> by
now the africa progress panel led by
now the africa progress panel led by
kofi<00:10:11.120> annan<00:10:11.760> they've<00:10:12.000> calculated<00:10:12.720> that<00:10:12.959> congo
kofi annan they've calculated that congo
kofi annan they've calculated that congo
may<00:10:13.839> have<00:10:14.000> lost
may have lost
may have lost
more<00:10:15.120> than<00:10:15.440> 1.3
more than 1.3
more than 1.3
billion<00:10:17.519> dollars<00:10:18.079> from<00:10:18.320> these<00:10:18.560> deals
billion dollars from these deals
billion dollars from these deals
that's<00:10:19.920> more<00:10:20.079> than<00:10:20.480> twice<00:10:20.800> that's<00:10:21.120> almost
that's more than twice that's almost
that's more than twice that's almost
twice<00:10:22.240> the<00:10:22.399> country's<00:10:22.959> annual<00:10:23.440> health<00:10:24.160> and
twice the country's annual health and
twice the country's annual health and
education<00:10:25.040> budget<00:10:25.360> combined
education budget combined
education budget combined
and<00:10:27.600> will<00:10:27.839> the<00:10:27.920> people<00:10:28.160> of<00:10:28.240> congo<00:10:28.640> will<00:10:28.800> they
and will the people of congo will they
and will the people of congo will they
ever<00:10:29.120> get<00:10:29.360> their<00:10:29.519> money<00:10:29.760> back<00:10:30.320> well<00:10:30.480> the
ever get their money back well the
ever get their money back well the
answer<00:10:30.880> to<00:10:31.040> that<00:10:31.200> question<00:10:31.920> and<00:10:32.000> who<00:10:32.240> was
answer to that question and who was
answer to that question and who was
really<00:10:32.640> involved<00:10:33.040> and<00:10:33.120> what<00:10:33.279> really<00:10:33.519> happened
really involved and what really happened
really involved and what really happened
well<00:10:34.000> that's<00:10:34.160> going<00:10:34.320> to<00:10:34.560> probably<00:10:34.880> remain
well that's going to probably remain
well that's going to probably remain
locked<00:10:35.519> away<00:10:36.320> in<00:10:36.480> the<00:10:36.640> secretive<00:10:37.040> company
locked away in the secretive company
locked away in the secretive company
registries<00:10:38.160> of<00:10:38.320> the<00:10:38.399> british<00:10:38.720> virgin<00:10:39.120> islands
registries of the british virgin islands
registries of the british virgin islands
and<00:10:39.839> elsewhere<00:10:40.560> unless<00:10:40.959> we<00:10:41.200> all<00:10:41.519> do<00:10:41.680> something
and elsewhere unless we all do something
and elsewhere unless we all do something
about<00:10:42.560> it
about it
about it
and<00:10:44.880> how<00:10:45.120> about<00:10:45.519> the<00:10:45.680> oil<00:10:46.000> gas<00:10:46.240> and<00:10:46.399> mining
and how about the oil gas and mining
and how about the oil gas and mining
companies<00:10:47.440> okay<00:10:47.680> maybe<00:10:47.920> it's<00:10:48.079> a<00:10:48.160> bit<00:10:48.240> of<00:10:48.320> a
companies okay maybe it's a bit of a
companies okay maybe it's a bit of a
cliche<00:10:48.880> to<00:10:49.040> talk<00:10:49.200> about<00:10:49.440> them<00:10:49.839> corruption<00:10:50.320> in
cliche to talk about them corruption in
cliche to talk about them corruption in
that<00:10:50.560> sector<00:10:51.120> no<00:10:51.360> surprise<00:10:52.240> there's
that sector no surprise there's
that sector no surprise there's
corruption<00:10:52.959> everywhere<00:10:53.279> so<00:10:53.440> why<00:10:53.680> focus<00:10:54.079> on
corruption everywhere so why focus on
corruption everywhere so why focus on
that<00:10:54.640> sector
that sector
that sector
well<00:10:56.880> because<00:10:57.360> there's<00:10:57.600> a<00:10:57.680> lot<00:10:57.920> at<00:10:58.000> stake<00:10:58.720> in
well because there's a lot at stake in
well because there's a lot at stake in
2000 2011
2000 2011
2000 2011
natural<00:11:01.120> resource<00:11:01.920> exports<00:11:02.880> outweighed<00:11:03.680> aid
natural resource exports outweighed aid
natural resource exports outweighed aid
flows<00:11:04.320> by<00:11:04.480> almost<00:11:04.959> 19<00:11:05.680> to<00:11:05.839> 1<00:11:06.320> in<00:11:06.480> africa<00:11:07.200> asia
flows by almost 19 to 1 in africa asia
flows by almost 19 to 1 in africa asia
and<00:11:07.920> latin<00:11:08.240> america
and latin america
and latin america
19<00:11:09.760> to<00:11:10.000> 1.
19 to 1.
19 to 1.
now<00:11:11.279> that's<00:11:11.519> a<00:11:11.600> hell<00:11:11.839> of<00:11:11.920> a<00:11:12.000> lot<00:11:12.240> of<00:11:12.720> schools
now that's a hell of a lot of schools
now that's a hell of a lot of schools
and<00:11:13.440> universities<00:11:14.320> and<00:11:14.480> hospitals<00:11:15.120> and
and universities and hospitals and
and universities and hospitals and
business<00:11:15.680> startups<00:11:16.560> many<00:11:16.800> of<00:11:16.880> which<00:11:17.040> haven't
business startups many of which haven't
business startups many of which haven't
materialized<00:11:18.079> and<00:11:18.160> never<00:11:18.399> will<00:11:18.720> because<00:11:19.120> some
materialized and never will because some
materialized and never will because some
of<00:11:19.440> that<00:11:19.600> money<00:11:20.240> has<00:11:20.480> simply<00:11:20.800> been<00:11:20.959> stolen
of that money has simply been stolen
of that money has simply been stolen
away
away
away
now<00:11:23.519> let's<00:11:23.760> go<00:11:23.920> back<00:11:24.079> to<00:11:24.240> the<00:11:24.480> oil<00:11:24.640> and<00:11:24.720> mining
now let's go back to the oil and mining
now let's go back to the oil and mining
companies<00:11:25.440> and<00:11:25.519> let's<00:11:25.680> go<00:11:25.839> back<00:11:26.079> to<00:11:26.240> danatete
companies and let's go back to danatete
companies and let's go back to danatete
and<00:11:27.200> that<00:11:27.360> billion<00:11:27.680> dollar<00:11:28.000> deal<00:11:28.640> and<00:11:28.720> now
and that billion dollar deal and now
and that billion dollar deal and now
forgive<00:11:29.200> me<00:11:29.440> i'm<00:11:29.519> going<00:11:29.680> to<00:11:29.839> read
forgive me i'm going to read
forgive me i'm going to read
the<00:11:31.120> next<00:11:31.360> bit<00:11:31.680> because<00:11:32.079> it's<00:11:32.320> a<00:11:32.399> very<00:11:32.560> live
the next bit because it's a very live
the next bit because it's a very live
issue<00:11:33.440> and<00:11:33.600> our<00:11:33.760> lawyers<00:11:34.079> have<00:11:34.160> been<00:11:34.399> through
issue and our lawyers have been through
issue and our lawyers have been through
this<00:11:34.959> in<00:11:35.279> some<00:11:35.519> detail<00:11:36.320> and<00:11:36.399> they<00:11:36.560> want<00:11:36.720> me<00:11:36.800> to
this in some detail and they want me to
this in some detail and they want me to
get<00:11:37.120> it<00:11:37.200> right
get it right
get it right
now<00:11:40.079> on<00:11:40.240> the<00:11:40.399> surface<00:11:41.040> the<00:11:41.200> deal<00:11:41.440> appeared
now on the surface the deal appeared
now on the surface the deal appeared
straightforward
straightforward
straightforward
subsidiaries<00:11:44.399> of<00:11:44.560> shell<00:11:44.959> and<00:11:45.120> any<00:11:45.839> paid<00:11:46.240> the
subsidiaries of shell and any paid the
subsidiaries of shell and any paid the
nigerian<00:11:46.800> government<00:11:47.200> for<00:11:47.360> the<00:11:47.440> bloc
nigerian government for the bloc
nigerian government for the bloc
the<00:11:49.120> nigerian<00:11:49.600> government<00:11:50.079> transferred
the nigerian government transferred
the nigerian government transferred
precisely<00:11:51.839> the<00:11:52.000> same<00:11:52.240> amount<00:11:52.560> to<00:11:52.720> the<00:11:52.800> very
precisely the same amount to the very
precisely the same amount to the very
dollar
dollar
dollar
to
to
to
an<00:11:55.279> account<00:11:55.920> earmarked<00:11:56.720> for<00:11:56.880> a<00:11:57.040> shell<00:11:57.279> company
an account earmarked for a shell company
an account earmarked for a shell company
whose<00:11:58.959> hidden<00:11:59.279> owner<00:11:59.519> was<00:11:59.839> a<00:12:00.000> tete<00:12:00.640> now<00:12:00.800> that's
whose hidden owner was a tete now that's
whose hidden owner was a tete now that's
not<00:12:01.279> bad<00:12:01.519> going<00:12:01.760> for<00:12:01.920> a<00:12:02.000> convicted<00:12:02.399> money
not bad going for a convicted money
not bad going for a convicted money
launderer
launderer
launderer
and<00:12:04.480> here's<00:12:04.720> the<00:12:04.880> thing<00:12:05.519> after<00:12:05.839> many<00:12:06.160> months
and here's the thing after many months
and here's the thing after many months
of<00:12:06.639> digging<00:12:06.959> around<00:12:07.360> and<00:12:07.760> reading<00:12:08.079> through
of digging around and reading through
of digging around and reading through
hundreds<00:12:08.880> of<00:12:08.959> pages<00:12:09.279> of<00:12:09.360> court<00:12:09.680> documents
hundreds of pages of court documents
hundreds of pages of court documents
we<00:12:10.959> found<00:12:11.279> evidence<00:12:11.760> that<00:12:12.000> in<00:12:12.160> fact<00:12:12.800> shell<00:12:13.279> and
we found evidence that in fact shell and
we found evidence that in fact shell and
any<00:12:14.160> had<00:12:14.560> known
any had known
any had known
that<00:12:15.600> the<00:12:15.760> funds<00:12:16.240> would<00:12:16.480> be<00:12:16.720> transferred<00:12:17.680> to
that the funds would be transferred to
that the funds would be transferred to
that<00:12:18.079> shell<00:12:18.399> company
that shell company
that shell company
and<00:12:19.680> frankly
and frankly
and frankly
it's<00:12:21.040> hard<00:12:21.279> to<00:12:21.360> believe<00:12:21.920> they<00:12:22.079> didn't<00:12:22.399> know
it's hard to believe they didn't know
it's hard to believe they didn't know
who<00:12:23.360> they<00:12:23.519> were<00:12:23.760> really<00:12:24.320> dealing<00:12:24.639> with<00:12:24.880> there
who they were really dealing with there
who they were really dealing with there
now
now
now
it<00:12:27.120> just<00:12:27.360> shouldn't<00:12:27.760> take<00:12:28.240> these<00:12:28.480> sort<00:12:28.639> of
it just shouldn't take these sort of
it just shouldn't take these sort of
efforts<00:12:29.440> to<00:12:29.600> find<00:12:29.920> out<00:12:30.079> whether<00:12:30.320> money<00:12:30.639> in
efforts to find out whether money in
efforts to find out whether money in
deals<00:12:31.120> like<00:12:31.360> this<00:12:31.600> went<00:12:31.920> i<00:12:32.000> mean<00:12:32.320> these<00:12:32.480> are
deals like this went i mean these are
deals like this went i mean these are
state<00:12:32.959> assets<00:12:33.360> they're<00:12:33.519> supposed<00:12:33.839> to<00:12:33.920> be<00:12:34.000> used
state assets they're supposed to be used
state assets they're supposed to be used
for<00:12:34.399> the<00:12:34.480> benefit<00:12:34.800> of<00:12:35.200> the<00:12:35.360> people<00:12:35.680> in<00:12:35.760> the
for the benefit of the people in the
for the benefit of the people in the
country<00:12:36.800> but<00:12:37.200> in<00:12:37.360> some<00:12:37.600> countries<00:12:38.240> um
country but in some countries um
country but in some countries um
citizens<00:12:39.040> and<00:12:39.120> journalists<00:12:39.760> who<00:12:40.000> are<00:12:40.079> trying
citizens and journalists who are trying
citizens and journalists who are trying
to<00:12:40.560> expose<00:12:41.040> stories<00:12:41.440> like<00:12:41.600> this<00:12:41.839> have<00:12:42.000> been
to expose stories like this have been
to expose stories like this have been
harassed<00:12:42.720> and<00:12:42.880> arrested<00:12:43.519> and<00:12:43.680> some<00:12:43.920> have<00:12:44.160> even
harassed and arrested and some have even
harassed and arrested and some have even
risked<00:12:45.040> their<00:12:45.279> lives<00:12:45.760> to<00:12:45.920> do<00:12:46.160> so
risked their lives to do so
risked their lives to do so
and<00:12:48.320> finally
and finally
and finally
well<00:12:50.399> there<00:12:50.639> are<00:12:50.800> those<00:12:50.959> who<00:12:51.120> believe<00:12:51.600> that
well there are those who believe that
well there are those who believe that
corruption<00:12:52.480> is<00:12:52.800> unavoidable<00:12:54.000> it's<00:12:54.320> just<00:12:54.639> how
corruption is unavoidable it's just how
corruption is unavoidable it's just how
some<00:12:55.120> business<00:12:55.440> is<00:12:55.600> done<00:12:56.079> it's<00:12:56.399> too<00:12:56.639> complex
some business is done it's too complex
some business is done it's too complex
and<00:12:57.120> difficult<00:12:57.519> to<00:12:57.680> change<00:12:58.480> so<00:12:58.720> in<00:12:58.880> effect
and difficult to change so in effect
and difficult to change so in effect
what<00:12:59.839> we<00:13:00.000> just<00:13:00.240> accept<00:13:00.720> it
what we just accept it
what we just accept it
but<00:13:02.399> as<00:13:02.560> a<00:13:02.639> campaigner<00:13:03.200> and<00:13:03.360> investigator<00:13:04.160> i
but as a campaigner and investigator i
but as a campaigner and investigator i
have<00:13:04.480> a<00:13:04.560> different<00:13:04.880> view<00:13:05.200> because<00:13:05.760> i've<00:13:06.079> seen
have a different view because i've seen
have a different view because i've seen
what<00:13:06.639> can<00:13:06.800> happen<00:13:07.279> when<00:13:07.600> an<00:13:07.760> idea<00:13:08.240> gains
what can happen when an idea gains
what can happen when an idea gains
momentum
momentum
momentum
in<00:13:10.320> the<00:13:10.480> oil<00:13:10.800> and<00:13:10.959> mining<00:13:11.360> sector<00:13:12.000> for<00:13:12.240> example
in the oil and mining sector for example
in the oil and mining sector for example
there<00:13:12.880> is<00:13:13.040> now<00:13:13.279> the<00:13:13.360> beginning<00:13:13.920> of<00:13:14.079> a<00:13:14.240> truly
there is now the beginning of a truly
there is now the beginning of a truly
worldwide<00:13:15.839> transparency<00:13:16.720> standard<00:13:17.040> that
worldwide transparency standard that
worldwide transparency standard that
could<00:13:17.440> tackle<00:13:18.079> some<00:13:18.480> of<00:13:18.639> these<00:13:18.880> problems<00:13:20.160> in
could tackle some of these problems in
could tackle some of these problems in
1999<00:13:21.360> when<00:13:21.519> global<00:13:21.839> witness<00:13:22.240> called<00:13:22.639> for<00:13:22.800> oil
1999 when global witness called for oil
1999 when global witness called for oil
companies<00:13:23.600> to<00:13:23.760> make<00:13:24.079> payments<00:13:24.480> on<00:13:24.560> deals
companies to make payments on deals
companies to make payments on deals
transparent
transparent
transparent
well<00:13:26.720> some<00:13:26.959> people<00:13:27.440> laughed<00:13:27.839> at<00:13:27.920> the<00:13:28.079> extreme
well some people laughed at the extreme
well some people laughed at the extreme
naivety<00:13:29.600> of<00:13:29.680> that<00:13:29.920> small<00:13:30.320> idea
naivety of that small idea
naivety of that small idea
but
but
but
literally<00:13:33.600> hundreds<00:13:34.160> of<00:13:34.320> civil<00:13:34.639> society
literally hundreds of civil society
literally hundreds of civil society
groups<00:13:35.440> from<00:13:35.680> around<00:13:36.079> the<00:13:36.160> world<00:13:36.560> came
groups from around the world came
groups from around the world came
together<00:13:37.200> to<00:13:37.360> fight<00:13:37.600> for<00:13:37.760> transparency<00:13:38.959> and
together to fight for transparency and
together to fight for transparency and
now<00:13:39.760> it's<00:13:40.079> fast<00:13:40.480> becoming<00:13:41.200> the<00:13:41.440> norm<00:13:42.000> and<00:13:42.160> the
now it's fast becoming the norm and the
now it's fast becoming the norm and the
law<00:13:42.959> two-thirds<00:13:43.760> of<00:13:43.920> the<00:13:44.079> value<00:13:44.639> of<00:13:44.800> the
law two-thirds of the value of the
law two-thirds of the value of the
world's<00:13:45.600> oil<00:13:46.000> and<00:13:46.240> mining<00:13:46.560> companies<00:13:47.279> are<00:13:47.519> now
world's oil and mining companies are now
world's oil and mining companies are now
covered<00:13:48.240> by<00:13:48.560> transparency<00:13:49.200> laws<00:13:49.839> two-thirds
covered by transparency laws two-thirds
covered by transparency laws two-thirds
so<00:13:50.959> this<00:13:51.200> is<00:13:51.360> change<00:13:51.760> happening<00:13:52.639> this<00:13:53.040> is
so this is change happening this is
so this is change happening this is
progress<00:13:54.320> but
progress but
progress but
but<00:13:55.839> we're<00:13:56.000> not<00:13:56.160> there<00:13:56.399> yet<00:13:56.560> by<00:13:56.800> far<00:13:57.440> because
but we're not there yet by far because
but we're not there yet by far because
it<00:13:58.320> really<00:13:58.560> isn't<00:13:58.800> about<00:13:59.040> corruption
it really isn't about corruption
it really isn't about corruption
somewhere<00:14:00.079> over<00:14:00.320> there<00:14:00.639> is<00:14:00.839> it<00:14:01.839> in<00:14:02.000> a
somewhere over there is it in a
somewhere over there is it in a
globalized<00:14:02.720> world<00:14:03.279> corruption<00:14:04.000> is<00:14:04.160> a<00:14:04.240> truly
globalized world corruption is a truly
globalized world corruption is a truly
globalized<00:14:05.600> business<00:14:06.320> and<00:14:06.480> one<00:14:06.720> that<00:14:06.880> needs
globalized business and one that needs
globalized business and one that needs
global<00:14:07.839> solutions<00:14:08.399> supported<00:14:09.040> and<00:14:09.279> pushed<00:14:09.680> by
global solutions supported and pushed by
global solutions supported and pushed by
us<00:14:10.399> all<00:14:10.800> as<00:14:11.040> global<00:14:11.440> citizens
us all as global citizens
us all as global citizens
right<00:14:12.800> here<00:14:13.600> thank<00:14:13.760> you
hmm
[Music]
Charmian Gooch, TED, TED-Ed, TED, Ed, TEDEducation, corruption, money, government
