Planning for the end of oil - Richard Sears
for<00:00:17.030> the<00:00:17.090> next<00:00:17.240> few<00:00:17.420> minutes<00:00:17.510> we're<00:00:17.750> going<00:00:17.840> to
for the next few minutes we're going to
for the next few minutes we're going to
talk<00:00:18.140> about<00:00:18.380> energy<00:00:18.560> and<00:00:19.100> it's<00:00:19.279> going<00:00:19.400> to<00:00:19.490> be<00:00:19.640> a
talk about energy and it's going to be a
talk about energy and it's going to be a
bit<00:00:19.850> of<00:00:19.940> a<00:00:20.029> varied<00:00:20.330> talk<00:00:20.570> I'll<00:00:20.900> try<00:00:21.350> to<00:00:21.410> spin<00:00:21.740> a
bit of a varied talk I'll try to spin a
bit of a varied talk I'll try to spin a
story<00:00:22.190> about<00:00:22.340> energy<00:00:22.640> and<00:00:23.119> oil<00:00:23.330> is<00:00:23.570> a
story about energy and oil is a
story about energy and oil is a
convenient<00:00:24.020> starting<00:00:24.500> place<00:00:24.740> the<00:00:25.279> talk<00:00:25.670> will
convenient starting place the talk will
convenient starting place the talk will
be<00:00:25.910> broadly<00:00:26.240> about<00:00:26.570> energy<00:00:26.750> but<00:00:27.050> oil<00:00:27.320> is<00:00:27.350> a
be broadly about energy but oil is a
be broadly about energy but oil is a
good<00:00:27.530> place<00:00:27.770> to<00:00:27.980> start<00:00:28.220> and<00:00:28.460> one<00:00:29.420> of<00:00:29.540> the
good place to start and one of the
good place to start and one of the
reasons<00:00:29.960> is<00:00:30.140> this<00:00:30.289> is<00:00:30.440> remarkable<00:00:30.740> stuff<00:00:31.280> you
reasons is this is remarkable stuff you
reasons is this is remarkable stuff you
take<00:00:32.419> about<00:00:32.599> eight<00:00:32.930> carbon<00:00:33.410> aedra<00:00:33.920> so<00:00:34.100> carbon
take about eight carbon aedra so carbon
take about eight carbon aedra so carbon
atoms<00:00:34.820> about<00:00:35.360> 20<00:00:35.690> hydrogen<00:00:36.170> atoms<00:00:36.440> you<00:00:36.500> put
atoms about 20 hydrogen atoms you put
atoms about 20 hydrogen atoms you put
them<00:00:36.770> together<00:00:36.920> at<00:00:37.220> exactly<00:00:37.790> the<00:00:37.910> right<00:00:38.059> way
them together at exactly the right way
them together at exactly the right way
and<00:00:38.629> you<00:00:38.960> get<00:00:39.080> this<00:00:39.199> marvelous<00:00:39.739> liquid<00:00:40.070> very
and you get this marvelous liquid very
and you get this marvelous liquid very
energy<00:00:40.730> dense<00:00:41.059> and<00:00:41.390> very<00:00:41.449> easy<00:00:42.230> to<00:00:42.500> refine
energy dense and very easy to refine
energy dense and very easy to refine
into<00:00:43.250> a<00:00:43.280> number<00:00:43.730> of<00:00:43.879> very<00:00:44.089> useful<00:00:44.150> products
into a number of very useful products
into a number of very useful products
and<00:00:45.110> fuels<00:00:45.290> it's<00:00:45.710> great<00:00:45.949> stuff<00:00:46.220> now<00:00:46.460> as<00:00:47.330> far<00:00:47.780> as
and fuels it's great stuff now as far as
and fuels it's great stuff now as far as
it<00:00:48.080> goes<00:00:48.519> there's<00:00:49.519> a<00:00:49.580> lot<00:00:49.729> of<00:00:49.820> oil<00:00:50.000> out<00:00:50.150> there
it goes there's a lot of oil out there
it goes there's a lot of oil out there
in<00:00:50.510> the<00:00:50.600> world<00:00:50.750> right<00:00:51.379> here's<00:00:52.100> my<00:00:52.339> little
in the world right here's my little
in the world right here's my little
pocket<00:00:52.790> map<00:00:53.210> of<00:00:53.510> where<00:00:53.930> it's<00:00:54.050> all<00:00:54.199> located<00:00:54.710> a
pocket map of where it's all located a
pocket map of where it's all located a
bigger<00:00:55.729> one<00:00:55.970> for<00:00:56.180> you<00:00:56.239> to<00:00:56.360> look<00:00:56.479> at<00:00:56.659> but<00:00:57.290> this
bigger one for you to look at but this
bigger one for you to look at but this
is<00:00:57.589> it
is it
is it
this<00:00:58.010> is<00:00:58.159> the<00:00:58.280> oil<00:00:58.309> in<00:00:58.610> the<00:00:58.640> world<00:00:58.760> geologists
this is the oil in the world geologists
this is the oil in the world geologists
have<00:00:59.570> a<00:00:59.600> pretty<00:00:59.870> good<00:01:00.019> idea<00:01:00.320> of<00:01:00.379> where<00:01:00.589> the<00:01:00.739> oil
have a pretty good idea of where the oil
have a pretty good idea of where the oil
is<00:01:01.070> this<00:01:01.610> is<00:01:01.820> about<00:01:02.120> a<00:01:02.390> hundred<00:01:03.019> trillion
is this is about a hundred trillion
is this is about a hundred trillion
gallons<00:01:04.670> of<00:01:04.820> crude<00:01:05.479> oil<00:01:05.690> still<00:01:06.440> to<00:01:06.560> be
gallons of crude oil still to be
gallons of crude oil still to be
developed<00:01:07.100> and<00:01:07.220> produced<00:01:07.670> in<00:01:07.909> the<00:01:08.299> world
developed and produced in the world
developed and produced in the world
today<00:01:08.840> now<00:01:09.830> that's<00:01:10.040> one<00:01:10.490> story<00:01:10.820> about<00:01:11.180> oil<00:01:11.450> and
today now that's one story about oil and
today now that's one story about oil and
we<00:01:12.500> could<00:01:12.680> end<00:01:12.830> it<00:01:12.979> there<00:01:13.159> and<00:01:13.250> say<00:01:13.370> well<00:01:13.580> oil
we could end it there and say well oil
we could end it there and say well oil
is<00:01:14.120> going<00:01:14.240> to<00:01:14.330> last<00:01:14.510> forever<00:01:14.720> because<00:01:15.320> well
is going to last forever because well
is going to last forever because well
there's<00:01:15.770> just<00:01:15.829> a<00:01:16.039> lot<00:01:16.159> of<00:01:16.369> it<00:01:16.490> but<00:01:17.329> there's
there's just a lot of it but there's
there's just a lot of it but there's
actually<00:01:17.689> more<00:01:18.110> to<00:01:18.320> the<00:01:18.409> story<00:01:18.680> than<00:01:18.799> that<00:01:19.100> oh
actually more to the story than that oh
actually more to the story than that oh
by<00:01:19.610> the<00:01:19.640> way<00:01:19.820> if<00:01:20.090> you<00:01:20.180> think<00:01:20.390> you're<00:01:20.509> very<00:01:20.539> far
by the way if you think you're very far
by the way if you think you're very far
from<00:01:21.170> some<00:01:21.439> of<00:01:21.530> this<00:01:21.649> oil<00:01:21.829> a<00:01:22.130> thousand<00:01:23.030> meters
from some of this oil a thousand meters
from some of this oil a thousand meters
below<00:01:23.570> where<00:01:23.869> you're<00:01:24.049> all<00:01:24.200> sitting<00:01:24.469> is<00:01:24.740> one<00:01:25.369> of
below where you're all sitting is one of
below where you're all sitting is one of
the<00:01:25.549> largest<00:01:25.850> producing<00:01:26.329> oil<00:01:26.479> fields<00:01:26.960> in<00:01:27.049> the
the largest producing oil fields in the
the largest producing oil fields in the
world<00:01:27.170> come<00:01:28.159> talk<00:01:28.399> to<00:01:28.430> me<00:01:28.609> about<00:01:28.789> it<00:01:28.939> I'll<00:01:29.060> fill
world come talk to me about it I'll fill
world come talk to me about it I'll fill
in<00:01:29.390> some<00:01:29.600> of<00:01:29.630> the<00:01:29.750> details<00:01:30.140> if<00:01:30.350> you<00:01:30.380> want<00:01:30.500> so
in some of the details if you want so
in some of the details if you want so
that's<00:01:31.490> one<00:01:31.759> of<00:01:31.789> the<00:01:31.939> stories<00:01:32.270> of<00:01:32.299> oil<00:01:32.509> there's
that's one of the stories of oil there's
that's one of the stories of oil there's
just<00:01:33.170> a<00:01:33.289> lot<00:01:33.439> of<00:01:33.500> it<00:01:33.939> but<00:01:34.939> what<00:01:35.450> about<00:01:35.479> oil
just a lot of it but what about oil
just a lot of it but what about oil
where<00:01:36.200> is<00:01:36.380> it<00:01:36.560> any<00:01:36.770> energy<00:01:37.130> system<00:01:37.549> then
where is it any energy system then
where is it any energy system then
here's<00:01:39.350> a<00:01:39.409> little<00:01:39.590> snapshot<00:01:40.219> of<00:01:40.250> 150<00:01:41.240> years<00:01:41.450> of
here's a little snapshot of 150 years of
here's a little snapshot of 150 years of
oil<00:01:41.719> and<00:01:41.990> it's<00:01:42.560> been<00:01:42.770> a<00:01:42.799> dominant<00:01:43.399> part<00:01:43.579> of<00:01:43.820> our
oil and it's been a dominant part of our
oil and it's been a dominant part of our
energy<00:01:44.090> system<00:01:44.659> for<00:01:44.990> most<00:01:45.500> of<00:01:45.679> those<00:01:45.770> 150
energy system for most of those 150
energy system for most of those 150
years<00:01:46.759> now<00:01:47.479> here's<00:01:47.990> another<00:01:48.320> little<00:01:48.560> secret
years now here's another little secret
years now here's another little secret
I'm<00:01:49.219> going<00:01:49.399> to<00:01:49.460> tell<00:01:49.670> you<00:01:49.820> about<00:01:50.289> for<00:01:51.289> the<00:01:51.350> last
I'm going to tell you about for the last
I'm going to tell you about for the last
25<00:01:52.070> years<00:01:52.179> oil<00:01:53.179> has<00:01:53.899> been<00:01:54.170> playing<00:01:54.469> less<00:01:55.009> and
25 years oil has been playing less and
25 years oil has been playing less and
less<00:01:55.490> of<00:01:55.549> a<00:01:55.850> role<00:01:56.030> in<00:01:56.299> global<00:01:56.929> energy<00:01:57.049> system
less of a role in global energy system
less of a role in global energy system
there<00:01:58.429> was<00:01:58.759> one<00:01:59.359> kind<00:01:59.600> of<00:01:59.810> peak<00:02:00.049> oil<00:02:00.229> in<00:02:00.499> 1985
there was one kind of peak oil in 1985
there was one kind of peak oil in 1985
when<00:02:01.579> oil<00:02:01.729> represented<00:02:02.390> 50%<00:02:02.960> of<00:02:03.020> global
when oil represented 50% of global
when oil represented 50% of global
energy<00:02:03.409> supply<00:02:03.799> now<00:02:04.520> it's<00:02:04.640> about<00:02:04.729> 35%<00:02:05.329> it's
energy supply now it's about 35% it's
energy supply now it's about 35% it's
been<00:02:06.320> declining<00:02:06.649> and<00:02:06.859> I<00:02:07.100> believe<00:02:07.399> it<00:02:07.520> will
been declining and I believe it will
been declining and I believe it will
continue<00:02:08.060> to<00:02:08.179> decline<00:02:08.710> gasoline<00:02:09.710> consumption
continue to decline gasoline consumption
continue to decline gasoline consumption
in<00:02:10.369> the<00:02:10.490> u.s.<00:02:10.759> probably<00:02:11.150> peaked<00:02:11.330> in<00:02:11.510> 2007<00:02:12.080> and
in the u.s. probably peaked in 2007 and
in the u.s. probably peaked in 2007 and
is<00:02:12.770> declining<00:02:13.220> so<00:02:13.490> oil<00:02:14.360> is<00:02:14.600> playing<00:02:14.900> a<00:02:15.020> less
is declining so oil is playing a less
is declining so oil is playing a less
significant<00:02:15.950> role<00:02:16.270> every<00:02:17.270> year<00:02:17.540> right<00:02:18.050> and
significant role every year right and
significant role every year right and
and<00:02:18.800> so<00:02:19.130> 25<00:02:20.000> years<00:02:20.030> ago<00:02:20.390> there<00:02:20.780> was<00:02:21.020> a<00:02:21.290> peak<00:02:21.500> oil
and so 25 years ago there was a peak oil
and so 25 years ago there was a peak oil
just<00:02:22.880> like<00:02:23.000> in<00:02:23.390> the<00:02:23.720> 1920s
just like in the 1920s
just like in the 1920s
there<00:02:25.040> was<00:02:25.159> a<00:02:25.189> peak<00:02:25.459> pole<00:02:25.700> and<00:02:26.170> a<00:02:27.170> hundred
there was a peak pole and a hundred
there was a peak pole and a hundred
years<00:02:27.590> before<00:02:27.799> that<00:02:28.220> there<00:02:28.519> was<00:02:28.610> a<00:02:28.640> peak<00:02:28.909> wood
years before that there was a peak wood
years before that there was a peak wood
this<00:02:30.319> is<00:02:30.379> a<00:02:30.470> very<00:02:30.650> important<00:02:31.069> picture<00:02:31.459> of<00:02:31.610> the
this is a very important picture of the
this is a very important picture of the
evolution<00:02:32.390> of<00:02:32.480> energy<00:02:32.840> systems<00:02:33.200> and<00:02:33.319> what's
evolution of energy systems and what's
evolution of energy systems and what's
been<00:02:33.860> taking<00:02:34.220> up<00:02:34.370> the<00:02:34.519> slack<00:02:34.640> in<00:02:35.390> the<00:02:35.569> last<00:02:35.750> few
been taking up the slack in the last few
been taking up the slack in the last few
decades<00:02:36.079> well<00:02:36.620> a<00:02:36.799> lot<00:02:37.040> of<00:02:37.069> natural<00:02:37.549> gas<00:02:37.579> and<00:02:38.060> a
decades well a lot of natural gas and a
decades well a lot of natural gas and a
little<00:02:39.140> bit<00:02:39.230> of<00:02:39.349> nuclear<00:02:39.709> for<00:02:40.189> starters<00:02:40.549> and
little bit of nuclear for starters and
little bit of nuclear for starters and
what<00:02:41.780> goes<00:02:41.959> on<00:02:42.109> in<00:02:42.260> the<00:02:42.349> future<00:02:42.650> well<00:02:42.890> I<00:02:43.129> think
what goes on in the future well I think
what goes on in the future well I think
out<00:02:43.939> ahead<00:02:44.209> of<00:02:44.329> us<00:02:44.510> a<00:02:44.659> few<00:02:44.930> decades<00:02:45.319> is<00:02:45.980> Pete
out ahead of us a few decades is Pete
out ahead of us a few decades is Pete
gas<00:02:46.549> and<00:02:47.739> beyond<00:02:48.739> that<00:02:49.420> peak<00:02:50.420> renewables<00:02:51.129> now
gas and beyond that peak renewables now
gas and beyond that peak renewables now
tell<00:02:52.459> you<00:02:52.579> another<00:02:52.879> little<00:02:53.150> very<00:02:53.510> important
tell you another little very important
tell you another little very important
story<00:02:55.250> about<00:02:55.609> this<00:02:55.819> picture<00:02:56.209> now<00:02:56.480> I'm<00:02:56.750> not
story about this picture now I'm not
story about this picture now I'm not
pretending<00:02:57.620> that<00:02:57.889> energy<00:02:58.370> use<00:02:58.609> in<00:02:58.879> total
pretending that energy use in total
pretending that energy use in total
isn't<00:02:59.540> increasing<00:02:59.840> it<00:03:00.139> is<00:03:00.170> that's<00:03:00.799> another
isn't increasing it is that's another
isn't increasing it is that's another
part<00:03:01.340> of<00:03:01.370> the<00:03:01.459> story<00:03:01.639> come<00:03:01.849> talk<00:03:02.030> to<00:03:02.060> me<00:03:02.209> about
part of the story come talk to me about
part of the story come talk to me about
it<00:03:02.540> we'll<00:03:02.629> fill<00:03:02.840> in<00:03:02.959> some<00:03:03.139> of<00:03:03.170> the<00:03:03.290> details<00:03:03.620> but
it we'll fill in some of the details but
it we'll fill in some of the details but
there's<00:03:04.280> a<00:03:04.370> very<00:03:04.519> important<00:03:05.030> message<00:03:05.329> here
there's a very important message here
there's a very important message here
this<00:03:06.200> is<00:03:06.379> 200<00:03:06.920> years<00:03:07.040> of<00:03:07.159> history<00:03:07.280> and<00:03:07.700> for<00:03:08.180> 200
this is 200 years of history and for 200
this is 200 years of history and for 200
years<00:03:09.019> we've<00:03:09.500> been<00:03:09.680> systematically
years we've been systematically
years we've been systematically
decarbonizing<00:03:11.810> our<00:03:12.230> energy<00:03:12.680> system<00:03:13.150> energy
decarbonizing our energy system energy
decarbonizing our energy system energy
systems<00:03:14.629> of<00:03:14.840> the<00:03:15.019> world<00:03:15.049> becoming
systems of the world becoming
systems of the world becoming
progressively<00:03:16.239> year-on-year<00:03:17.239> decade<00:03:17.989> on
progressively year-on-year decade on
progressively year-on-year decade on
decade<00:03:18.470> century<00:03:18.799> round<00:03:19.159> century<00:03:19.579> becoming
decade century round century becoming
decade century round century becoming
less<00:03:20.540> carbon<00:03:21.349> intense<00:03:21.769> and<00:03:21.980> that<00:03:22.400> continues
less carbon intense and that continues
less carbon intense and that continues
into<00:03:23.120> the<00:03:23.299> future<00:03:23.599> with<00:03:24.019> the<00:03:24.200> renewables<00:03:24.769> that
into the future with the renewables that
into the future with the renewables that
we're<00:03:25.069> developing<00:03:25.310> today<00:03:25.879> reaching<00:03:26.420> maybe<00:03:26.780> 30
we're developing today reaching maybe 30
we're developing today reaching maybe 30
percent<00:03:27.500> of<00:03:27.530> primary<00:03:27.769> energy<00:03:28.129> by<00:03:28.730> mid-century
percent of primary energy by mid-century
percent of primary energy by mid-century
now<00:03:30.260> that<00:03:30.440> might<00:03:30.620> be<00:03:30.650> the<00:03:30.799> end<00:03:30.949> of<00:03:31.099> the<00:03:31.190> story
now that might be the end of the story
now that might be the end of the story
okay<00:03:31.760> we<00:03:31.879> just<00:03:32.090> replace<00:03:32.419> it<00:03:32.569> all<00:03:32.660> with
okay we just replace it all with
okay we just replace it all with
conventional<00:03:33.379> renewables<00:03:33.859> but<00:03:34.160> I<00:03:34.220> think
conventional renewables but I think
conventional renewables but I think
actually<00:03:34.699> there's<00:03:35.120> more<00:03:35.180> to<00:03:35.510> the<00:03:35.599> story<00:03:35.810> than
actually there's more to the story than
actually there's more to the story than
that<00:03:36.079> and<00:03:36.470> to<00:03:36.919> tell<00:03:37.190> the<00:03:37.370> next<00:03:37.519> part<00:03:37.819> of<00:03:37.849> the
that and to tell the next part of the
that and to tell the next part of the
story<00:03:38.180> this<00:03:38.299> is<00:03:38.449> looking<00:03:38.720> out<00:03:38.870> say<00:03:39.410> 2100<00:03:40.220> and
story this is looking out say 2100 and
story this is looking out say 2100 and
beyond<00:03:41.090> what<00:03:41.900> is<00:03:42.109> the<00:03:42.349> future<00:03:42.739> of<00:03:42.919> truly
beyond what is the future of truly
beyond what is the future of truly
sustainable<00:03:44.120> carbon<00:03:44.870> free<00:03:45.319> energy<00:03:45.709> well<00:03:46.069> we
sustainable carbon free energy well we
sustainable carbon free energy well we
have<00:03:46.370> to<00:03:46.489> take<00:03:46.639> a<00:03:46.669> little<00:03:46.849> excursion<00:03:47.269> and
have to take a little excursion and
have to take a little excursion and
we'll<00:03:48.349> start<00:03:48.620> in<00:03:48.799> Central<00:03:49.190> Texas
we'll start in Central Texas
we'll start in Central Texas
here's<00:03:50.150> piece<00:03:50.329> of<00:03:50.480> limestone<00:03:50.629> picked<00:03:51.199> it<00:03:51.290> up
here's piece of limestone picked it up
here's piece of limestone picked it up
outside<00:03:51.650> of<00:03:52.010> Marble<00:03:52.310> Falls<00:03:52.340> Texas<00:03:52.699> it's<00:03:53.180> about
outside of Marble Falls Texas it's about
outside of Marble Falls Texas it's about
400<00:03:53.569> million<00:03:54.049> years<00:03:54.319> old<00:03:54.650> and<00:03:54.889> it's<00:03:55.370> just
400 million years old and it's just
400 million years old and it's just
limestone<00:03:55.970> nothing<00:03:56.269> really<00:03:56.419> special<00:03:56.750> about
limestone nothing really special about
limestone nothing really special about
it<00:03:57.340> now<00:03:58.340> here's<00:03:58.549> a<00:03:58.609> piece<00:03:58.849> of<00:03:58.879> chalk<00:03:59.180> I<00:03:59.510> picked
it now here's a piece of chalk I picked
it now here's a piece of chalk I picked
this<00:04:00.409> up<00:04:00.590> at<00:04:00.709> MIT<00:04:00.979> it's<00:04:01.579> a<00:04:01.699> little<00:04:01.879> younger<00:04:02.180> and
this up at MIT it's a little younger and
this up at MIT it's a little younger and
it's<00:04:03.530> different<00:04:03.739> than<00:04:03.949> this<00:04:04.159> limestone<00:04:04.699> you
it's different than this limestone you
it's different than this limestone you
can<00:04:05.030> see<00:04:05.239> that<00:04:05.419> you<00:04:05.659> wouldn't<00:04:05.930> build<00:04:06.109> a
can see that you wouldn't build a
can see that you wouldn't build a
building<00:04:06.620> out<00:04:06.769> of<00:04:06.799> this<00:04:07.099> stuff<00:04:07.400> and<00:04:07.699> you
building out of this stuff and you
building out of this stuff and you
wouldn't<00:04:08.449> try<00:04:08.629> to<00:04:08.690> give<00:04:08.870> a<00:04:08.900> lecture<00:04:09.199> and<00:04:09.290> write
wouldn't try to give a lecture and write
wouldn't try to give a lecture and write
on<00:04:09.590> the<00:04:09.620> chalkboard<00:04:09.919> with<00:04:10.250> this<00:04:10.430> we<00:04:11.030> have<00:04:11.150> very
on the chalkboard with this we have very
on the chalkboard with this we have very
different<00:04:11.510> notes<00:04:11.780> not<00:04:11.959> different<00:04:12.349> it's<00:04:12.829> not
different notes not different it's not
different notes not different it's not
different<00:04:13.280> it's<00:04:13.400> the<00:04:13.459> same<00:04:13.669> stuff
different it's the same stuff
different it's the same stuff
calcium<00:04:15.019> carbonate<00:04:15.489> calcium<00:04:16.489> carbonate
calcium carbonate calcium carbonate
calcium carbonate calcium carbonate
what's<00:04:17.870> different<00:04:18.349> is<00:04:18.590> how<00:04:18.739> the<00:04:18.799> molecules
what's different is how the molecules
what's different is how the molecules
are<00:04:19.609> put<00:04:19.760> together<00:04:20.169> now<00:04:21.169> if<00:04:21.440> you<00:04:21.620> think<00:04:21.829> that's
are put together now if you think that's
are put together now if you think that's
kind<00:04:22.310> of<00:04:22.400> neat<00:04:22.610> the<00:04:23.090> story<00:04:23.389> gets<00:04:23.570> really<00:04:23.960> neat
kind of neat the story gets really neat
kind of neat the story gets really neat
right<00:04:24.919> now<00:04:25.099> off<00:04:25.610> the<00:04:25.669> coast<00:04:26.479> of<00:04:26.570> California
right now off the coast of California
right now off the coast of California
comes<00:04:28.970> this<00:04:29.180> it's<00:04:29.960> an<00:04:30.110> abalone<00:04:30.470> shell<00:04:30.849> now
comes this it's an abalone shell now
comes this it's an abalone shell now
millions<00:04:32.360> of<00:04:32.510> abalone<00:04:32.990> every<00:04:33.349> year<00:04:33.710> make<00:04:34.400> the
millions of abalone every year make the
millions of abalone every year make the
shell<00:04:34.849> oh<00:04:35.090> by<00:04:35.510> the<00:04:35.539> way<00:04:35.800> just<00:04:36.800> in<00:04:37.010> case<00:04:37.099> you
shell oh by the way just in case you
shell oh by the way just in case you
weren't<00:04:37.550> already<00:04:37.940> guessing
weren't already guessing
weren't already guessing
calcium<00:04:38.900> carbonate<00:04:39.290> it's<00:04:40.100> the<00:04:40.280> same<00:04:40.550> stuff<00:04:40.910> as
calcium carbonate it's the same stuff as
calcium carbonate it's the same stuff as
this<00:04:41.420> and<00:04:41.720> the<00:04:42.170> same<00:04:42.380> stuff<00:04:42.710> as<00:04:42.890> this<00:04:43.100> but<00:04:43.970> it's
this and the same stuff as this but it's
this and the same stuff as this but it's
not<00:04:44.150> the<00:04:44.360> same<00:04:44.540> stuff<00:04:44.750> it's<00:04:44.960> different<00:04:45.290> it's
not the same stuff it's different it's
not the same stuff it's different it's
it's<00:04:46.370> thousands<00:04:47.000> of<00:04:47.120> times<00:04:47.300> maybe<00:04:47.540> three
it's thousands of times maybe three
it's thousands of times maybe three
thousand<00:04:48.350> times<00:04:48.530> tougher<00:04:49.220> than<00:04:50.000> this<00:04:50.240> and<00:04:50.480> why
thousand times tougher than this and why
thousand times tougher than this and why
because<00:04:51.710> the<00:04:52.070> lowly<00:04:52.490> abalone<00:04:53.000> is<00:04:53.290> able<00:04:54.290> to<00:04:54.500> lay
because the lowly abalone is able to lay
because the lowly abalone is able to lay
down<00:04:55.010> the<00:04:55.460> calcium<00:04:55.910> carbonate<00:04:56.330> crystals<00:04:56.450> in
down the calcium carbonate crystals in
down the calcium carbonate crystals in
layers<00:04:57.260> making<00:04:57.920> this<00:04:58.040> beautiful<00:04:58.280> iridescent
layers making this beautiful iridescent
layers making this beautiful iridescent
mother-of-pearl<00:05:00.610> very<00:05:01.610> specialized
mother-of-pearl very specialized
mother-of-pearl very specialized
material<00:05:03.080> that<00:05:03.530> the<00:05:03.680> abalone<00:05:04.300> self-assembles
material that the abalone self-assembles
material that the abalone self-assembles
millions<00:05:06.050> of<00:05:06.230> millions<00:05:06.500> of<00:05:06.800> abalone<00:05:07.280> all<00:05:07.550> the
millions of millions of abalone all the
millions of millions of abalone all the
time<00:05:08.270> every<00:05:09.020> day<00:05:09.050> every<00:05:09.500> year<00:05:09.530> this<00:05:10.070> is<00:05:10.250> pretty
time every day every year this is pretty
time every day every year this is pretty
incredible<00:05:10.940> stuff<00:05:11.120> all<00:05:11.390> the<00:05:11.720> same<00:05:11.930> what's
incredible stuff all the same what's
incredible stuff all the same what's
different
different
different
how<00:05:13.460> the<00:05:13.520> molecules<00:05:14.270> are<00:05:14.450> put<00:05:14.600> together<00:05:15.100> now
how the molecules are put together now
how the molecules are put together now
what<00:05:16.280> does<00:05:16.430> this<00:05:16.490> have<00:05:16.670> to<00:05:16.730> do<00:05:16.940> with<00:05:16.970> energy
what does this have to do with energy
what does this have to do with energy
here's<00:05:18.620> a<00:05:18.770> piece<00:05:18.920> of<00:05:19.040> coal<00:05:19.220> and<00:05:19.570> I'll<00:05:20.570> suggest
here's a piece of coal and I'll suggest
here's a piece of coal and I'll suggest
that<00:05:21.620> this<00:05:21.830> coal<00:05:22.130> is<00:05:22.460> about<00:05:22.970> as<00:05:23.090> exciting<00:05:23.630> is
that this coal is about as exciting is
that this coal is about as exciting is
this<00:05:24.170> chalk<00:05:25.450> now<00:05:27.010> whether<00:05:28.010> we're<00:05:28.190> talking
this chalk now whether we're talking
this chalk now whether we're talking
about<00:05:28.610> fuels<00:05:29.180> or<00:05:29.510> energy<00:05:30.200> carriers<00:05:30.710> or
about fuels or energy carriers or
about fuels or energy carriers or
perhaps<00:05:31.580> novel<00:05:32.180> materials<00:05:32.750> for<00:05:32.990> batteries<00:05:33.470> or
perhaps novel materials for batteries or
perhaps novel materials for batteries or
fuel<00:05:33.770> cells<00:05:34.960> nature<00:05:35.960> hasn't<00:05:36.350> ever<00:05:36.500> built
fuel cells nature hasn't ever built
fuel cells nature hasn't ever built
those<00:05:37.010> perfect<00:05:37.430> materials<00:05:37.910> yet<00:05:38.060> because
those perfect materials yet because
those perfect materials yet because
nature<00:05:38.870> didn't<00:05:39.170> need<00:05:39.320> to<00:05:39.820> nature<00:05:40.820> didn't<00:05:41.120> need
nature didn't need to nature didn't need
nature didn't need to nature didn't need
to<00:05:41.330> because<00:05:41.690> unlike<00:05:42.260> the<00:05:42.440> abalone<00:05:42.920> shell<00:05:43.040> the
to because unlike the abalone shell the
to because unlike the abalone shell the
survival<00:05:44.450> of<00:05:44.570> a<00:05:44.660> species<00:05:44.900> didn't<00:05:45.440> depend<00:05:45.830> on
survival of a species didn't depend on
survival of a species didn't depend on
building<00:05:46.730> those<00:05:46.940> materials<00:05:47.480> until<00:05:48.440> maybe<00:05:48.650> now
building those materials until maybe now
building those materials until maybe now
when<00:05:49.940> it<00:05:50.060> might<00:05:50.210> just<00:05:50.480> matter<00:05:50.950> so<00:05:52.810> when<00:05:53.810> we
when it might just matter so when we
when it might just matter so when we
think<00:05:54.200> about<00:05:54.320> the<00:05:54.590> future<00:05:54.770> of<00:05:54.980> energy<00:05:55.750> imagine
think about the future of energy imagine
think about the future of energy imagine
what<00:05:57.560> would<00:05:57.710> it<00:05:57.740> be<00:05:57.860> like<00:05:58.250> if<00:05:58.870> instead<00:05:59.870> of<00:05:59.930> this
what would it be like if instead of this
what would it be like if instead of this
we<00:06:01.580> could<00:06:01.820> build<00:06:02.030> the<00:06:02.690> energy<00:06:02.870> equivalent<00:06:03.580> of
we could build the energy equivalent of
we could build the energy equivalent of
this<00:06:05.170> just<00:06:06.170> by<00:06:06.350> rearranging<00:06:06.680> the<00:06:07.070> molecules
this just by rearranging the molecules
this just by rearranging the molecules
differently<00:06:08.650> and<00:06:09.650> so<00:06:09.830> that<00:06:10.010> is<00:06:10.160> my<00:06:10.280> story<00:06:10.570> the
differently and so that is my story the
differently and so that is my story the
oil<00:06:11.780> will<00:06:12.050> never<00:06:12.290> run<00:06:12.560> out<00:06:12.590> it's<00:06:13.490> not<00:06:13.670> because
oil will never run out it's not because
oil will never run out it's not because
we<00:06:14.150> have<00:06:14.330> a<00:06:14.360> lot<00:06:14.600> of<00:06:14.630> it<00:06:14.930> it's<00:06:15.110> not<00:06:15.890> because
we have a lot of it it's not because
we have a lot of it it's not because
we're<00:06:16.340> going<00:06:16.430> to<00:06:16.490> build<00:06:16.730> a<00:06:16.880> bajillion
we're going to build a bajillion
we're going to build a bajillion
windmills<00:06:17.840> it's<00:06:18.800> because<00:06:19.430> well<00:06:20.800> thousands<00:06:21.800> of
windmills it's because well thousands of
windmills it's because well thousands of
years<00:06:22.130> ago<00:06:22.310> people<00:06:23.440> invented<00:06:24.440> ideas<00:06:25.040> they<00:06:25.160> had
years ago people invented ideas they had
years ago people invented ideas they had
ideas<00:06:25.700> innovations<00:06:26.660> technology<00:06:27.350> and<00:06:27.560> the
ideas innovations technology and the
ideas innovations technology and the
Stone<00:06:28.340> Age<00:06:28.580> ended<00:06:29.590> not<00:06:30.590> because<00:06:30.980> we<00:06:31.130> ran<00:06:31.310> out
Stone Age ended not because we ran out
Stone Age ended not because we ran out
of<00:06:31.490> stones
of stones
of stones
it's<00:06:34.160> ideas<00:06:34.700> it's<00:06:35.090> innovation<00:06:35.360> it's
it's ideas it's innovation it's
it's ideas it's innovation it's
technology<00:06:36.290> that<00:06:36.830> will<00:06:37.280> end<00:06:37.520> the<00:06:37.790> age<00:06:37.940> of<00:06:38.180> oil
technology that will end the age of oil
technology that will end the age of oil
long<00:06:39.020> before<00:06:39.410> we<00:06:39.530> run<00:06:39.710> out<00:06:39.830> of<00:06:39.860> oil<00:06:39.980> thank<00:06:40.370> you
long before we run out of oil thank you
long before we run out of oil thank you
very<00:06:40.610> much
very much
very much
you
oil oil dependency, Richard, Sears, new, energy, renewable, green, TED, TED, Talk, TED-Ed, TEDEducation, Ed
