Mining minerals from seawater - Damian Palin
i<00:00:16.400> collaborate<00:00:16.880> with<00:00:17.039> bacteria<00:00:17.760> and<00:00:17.920> i'm
i collaborate with bacteria and i'm
i collaborate with bacteria and i'm
about<00:00:18.160> to<00:00:18.320> show<00:00:18.480> you<00:00:18.720> some<00:00:18.960> stop-motion
about to show you some stop-motion
about to show you some stop-motion
footage<00:00:19.840> that<00:00:19.920> i<00:00:20.000> made<00:00:20.240> recently<00:00:20.960> where
footage that i made recently where
footage that i made recently where
you'll<00:00:21.359> see<00:00:21.520> bacteria<00:00:22.000> accumulating
you'll see bacteria accumulating
you'll see bacteria accumulating
minerals<00:00:23.359> from<00:00:23.600> their<00:00:23.760> environment
minerals from their environment
minerals from their environment
over<00:00:25.119> a<00:00:25.199> period<00:00:25.519> of<00:00:25.599> an<00:00:25.760> hour
over a period of an hour
over a period of an hour
so<00:00:26.880> what<00:00:27.039> you're<00:00:27.279> seeing<00:00:27.599> here<00:00:28.320> is<00:00:28.560> the
so what you're seeing here is the
so what you're seeing here is the
bacteria<00:00:29.359> metabolizing<00:00:30.160> and<00:00:30.240> as<00:00:30.400> they<00:00:30.480> do<00:00:30.720> so
bacteria metabolizing and as they do so
bacteria metabolizing and as they do so
they<00:00:31.760> create<00:00:32.079> electrical<00:00:32.559> charge
they create electrical charge
they create electrical charge
and<00:00:33.520> this<00:00:33.920> attracts<00:00:34.880> metals<00:00:35.360> from<00:00:36.079> their
and this attracts metals from their
and this attracts metals from their
local<00:00:37.040> environment<00:00:38.000> and<00:00:38.079> these<00:00:38.800> metals
local environment and these metals
local environment and these metals
accumulate<00:00:39.680> as<00:00:39.840> minerals<00:00:40.559> on<00:00:40.640> the<00:00:40.800> surface<00:00:41.200> of
accumulate as minerals on the surface of
accumulate as minerals on the surface of
the<00:00:41.360> bacteria
the bacteria
the bacteria
one<00:00:43.200> of<00:00:43.280> the<00:00:43.360> most<00:00:43.520> pervasive<00:00:44.079> problems<00:00:44.879> in
one of the most pervasive problems in
one of the most pervasive problems in
the<00:00:45.120> world<00:00:45.360> today<00:00:45.600> for<00:00:45.760> people<00:00:46.320> is<00:00:46.480> inadequate
the world today for people is inadequate
the world today for people is inadequate
access<00:00:47.600> to<00:00:47.760> clean<00:00:48.079> drinking<00:00:48.480> water
access to clean drinking water
access to clean drinking water
and<00:00:49.520> the<00:00:49.600> desalination<00:00:50.399> process<00:00:51.199> is<00:00:51.280> one
and the desalination process is one
and the desalination process is one
where<00:00:51.680> we<00:00:51.840> take<00:00:52.079> out<00:00:52.320> salts<00:00:53.039> we<00:00:53.199> can<00:00:53.280> use<00:00:53.440> it
where we take out salts we can use it
where we take out salts we can use it
for<00:00:53.680> drinking<00:00:54.079> and<00:00:54.239> agriculture
for drinking and agriculture
for drinking and agriculture
but<00:00:56.000> removing<00:00:56.399> the<00:00:56.480> salts<00:00:56.800> from<00:00:56.960> water<00:00:57.680> in
but removing the salts from water in
but removing the salts from water in
particularly<00:00:58.239> sea<00:00:58.399> water<00:00:58.719> through<00:00:58.879> reverse
particularly sea water through reverse
particularly sea water through reverse
osmosis<00:01:00.079> is<00:01:00.320> a<00:01:00.399> critical<00:01:00.879> technique<00:01:01.760> for
osmosis is a critical technique for
osmosis is a critical technique for
countries<00:01:02.320> who<00:01:02.399> do<00:01:02.559> not<00:01:02.719> have<00:01:02.960> access<00:01:03.359> to
countries who do not have access to
countries who do not have access to
clean<00:01:04.159> drinking<00:01:04.479> water<00:01:04.799> around<00:01:05.040> the<00:01:05.119> globe
clean drinking water around the globe
clean drinking water around the globe
so<00:01:06.400> seawater<00:01:06.799> reverse<00:01:07.119> osmosis<00:01:07.920> is<00:01:08.080> a
so seawater reverse osmosis is a
so seawater reverse osmosis is a
membrane<00:01:08.560> filtration<00:01:09.200> technology
membrane filtration technology
membrane filtration technology
we<00:01:11.040> take<00:01:11.280> the<00:01:11.360> water<00:01:11.680> from<00:01:11.920> the<00:01:12.000> sea<00:01:12.560> and<00:01:12.640> we
we take the water from the sea and we
we take the water from the sea and we
apply<00:01:13.119> a<00:01:13.200> pressure
apply a pressure
apply a pressure
and<00:01:14.479> this<00:01:14.640> pressure<00:01:15.040> forces<00:01:15.759> the<00:01:16.159> sea<00:01:16.400> water
and this pressure forces the sea water
and this pressure forces the sea water
through<00:01:17.119> a<00:01:17.200> membrane<00:01:18.159> this<00:01:18.400> takes<00:01:18.720> energy
through a membrane this takes energy
through a membrane this takes energy
producing<00:01:20.720> clean<00:01:21.040> water<00:01:21.759> but<00:01:21.920> we're<00:01:22.080> also
producing clean water but we're also
producing clean water but we're also
left<00:01:22.799> with<00:01:23.040> a<00:01:23.280> concentrated<00:01:24.000> salt<00:01:24.240> solution
left with a concentrated salt solution
left with a concentrated salt solution
or<00:01:24.960> brine<00:01:25.520> but<00:01:25.680> the<00:01:25.840> process<00:01:26.159> is<00:01:26.320> very
or brine but the process is very
or brine but the process is very
expensive<00:01:26.960> and<00:01:27.119> it's<00:01:27.200> cost<00:01:27.439> prohibitive<00:01:27.920> for
expensive and it's cost prohibitive for
expensive and it's cost prohibitive for
many<00:01:28.479> countries<00:01:28.880> around<00:01:29.119> the<00:01:29.200> globe<00:01:30.000> and<00:01:30.159> also
many countries around the globe and also
many countries around the globe and also
the<00:01:30.560> brine<00:01:30.799> that's<00:01:31.040> produced
the brine that's produced
the brine that's produced
is<00:01:32.320> oftentimes<00:01:32.799> just<00:01:32.960> pumped<00:01:33.119> back<00:01:33.360> out<00:01:33.520> into
is oftentimes just pumped back out into
is oftentimes just pumped back out into
the<00:01:33.840> sea<00:01:34.320> and<00:01:34.400> this<00:01:34.640> is<00:01:34.799> detrimental<00:01:35.439> to<00:01:35.600> the
the sea and this is detrimental to the
the sea and this is detrimental to the
local<00:01:36.159> ecology<00:01:36.880> of<00:01:37.040> the<00:01:37.119> sea<00:01:37.360> area<00:01:37.680> that<00:01:37.840> it's
local ecology of the sea area that it's
local ecology of the sea area that it's
pumped<00:01:38.159> back<00:01:38.400> out<00:01:38.840> into<00:01:39.759> so<00:01:39.920> i<00:01:40.000> work<00:01:40.240> in
pumped back out into so i work in
pumped back out into so i work in
singapore<00:01:40.720> at<00:01:40.799> the<00:01:40.880> moment<00:01:41.200> and<00:01:41.280> this<00:01:41.840> is<00:01:42.000> a
singapore at the moment and this is a
singapore at the moment and this is a
place<00:01:42.320> that's<00:01:42.560> really<00:01:43.040> a<00:01:43.200> leading<00:01:43.680> place<00:01:44.000> for
place that's really a leading place for
place that's really a leading place for
desalination<00:01:45.520> technology<00:01:46.320> and<00:01:46.479> singapore
desalination technology and singapore
desalination technology and singapore
proposes<00:01:47.520> by<00:01:47.680> 2060<00:01:48.640> to<00:01:48.799> produce<00:01:49.439> 9<00:01:49.759> million
proposes by 2060 to produce 9 million
proposes by 2060 to produce 9 million
liters<00:01:50.880> per<00:01:51.040> day<00:01:51.680> of<00:01:51.759> desalinated<00:01:52.560> water
liters per day of desalinated water
liters per day of desalinated water
but<00:01:53.759> this<00:01:53.920> will<00:01:54.240> produce<00:01:54.640> an<00:01:54.880> equally
but this will produce an equally
but this will produce an equally
massive<00:01:56.399> amount<00:01:57.119> of<00:01:57.280> desalination<00:01:58.000> brine<00:01:58.799> and
massive amount of desalination brine and
massive amount of desalination brine and
this<00:01:59.119> is<00:01:59.200> where<00:01:59.520> my<00:01:59.680> collaboration<00:02:00.320> with
this is where my collaboration with
this is where my collaboration with
bacteria<00:02:00.960> comes<00:02:01.200> into<00:02:01.439> play<00:02:02.159> so<00:02:02.640> what<00:02:02.799> we're
bacteria comes into play so what we're
bacteria comes into play so what we're
doing<00:02:03.280> at<00:02:03.360> the<00:02:03.439> moment<00:02:04.159> is<00:02:04.320> we're
doing at the moment is we're
doing at the moment is we're
accumulating<00:02:06.159> metals<00:02:06.560> like<00:02:06.719> calcium
accumulating metals like calcium
accumulating metals like calcium
potassium<00:02:07.920> and<00:02:08.000> magnesium<00:02:08.800> from<00:02:09.039> out<00:02:09.280> of
potassium and magnesium from out of
potassium and magnesium from out of
desalination<00:02:10.160> brine
desalination brine
desalination brine
and<00:02:11.520> this<00:02:12.000> in<00:02:12.080> terms<00:02:12.400> of<00:02:12.480> magnesium<00:02:13.360> and<00:02:13.520> the
and this in terms of magnesium and the
and this in terms of magnesium and the
amount<00:02:14.480> of<00:02:14.560> water<00:02:14.800> that<00:02:14.959> i<00:02:15.040> just<00:02:15.280> mentioned
amount of water that i just mentioned
amount of water that i just mentioned
equates<00:02:16.239> to<00:02:16.400> a<00:02:16.480> 4.5<00:02:17.280> us<00:02:17.760> billion<00:02:18.160> dollar
equates to a 4.5 us billion dollar
equates to a 4.5 us billion dollar
mining<00:02:19.520> industry<00:02:20.080> for<00:02:20.239> singapore<00:02:20.800> a<00:02:20.959> place
mining industry for singapore a place
mining industry for singapore a place
that<00:02:21.599> doesn't<00:02:21.920> have<00:02:22.080> any<00:02:22.239> natural<00:02:22.560> resources
that doesn't have any natural resources
that doesn't have any natural resources
so<00:02:23.920> i'd<00:02:24.080> like<00:02:24.239> you<00:02:24.400> to<00:02:24.560> imagine<00:02:25.360> a<00:02:25.520> mining
so i'd like you to imagine a mining
so i'd like you to imagine a mining
industry<00:02:26.239> in<00:02:26.319> a<00:02:26.400> way<00:02:26.560> that<00:02:26.720> one<00:02:26.959> hasn't
industry in a way that one hasn't
industry in a way that one hasn't
existed<00:02:27.680> before
existed before
existed before
imagine<00:02:29.440> a<00:02:29.599> mining<00:02:29.920> industry<00:02:30.239> that<00:02:30.400> doesn't
imagine a mining industry that doesn't
imagine a mining industry that doesn't
mean<00:02:31.200> defiling<00:02:31.760> the<00:02:31.840> earth
mean defiling the earth
mean defiling the earth
and<00:02:33.040> imagine<00:02:33.440> bacteria<00:02:33.840> helping<00:02:34.160> us<00:02:34.319> do<00:02:34.480> this
and imagine bacteria helping us do this
and imagine bacteria helping us do this
by
by
by
accumulating
accumulating
accumulating
and<00:02:37.519> precipitating
and precipitating
and precipitating
and<00:02:39.200> sedimenting<00:02:40.080> minerals<00:02:40.640> out<00:02:40.720> of
and sedimenting minerals out of
and sedimenting minerals out of
desalination<00:02:41.680> brine
desalination brine
desalination brine
and<00:02:42.640> what<00:02:42.879> you<00:02:42.959> can<00:02:43.120> see<00:02:43.360> here<00:02:43.920> is<00:02:44.080> the
and what you can see here is the
and what you can see here is the
beginning<00:02:44.640> of<00:02:44.720> our<00:02:44.959> industry<00:02:45.360> in<00:02:45.519> a<00:02:45.599> test<00:02:45.920> tube
beginning of our industry in a test tube
beginning of our industry in a test tube
a<00:02:47.040> mining<00:02:47.440> industry<00:02:47.840> that<00:02:48.000> is<00:02:48.160> in<00:02:48.239> harmony
a mining industry that is in harmony
a mining industry that is in harmony
with<00:02:48.879> nature<00:02:49.920> thank<00:02:50.160> you
Damian Palin, TED, TED, Fellow, TED-Ed, TEDEducation, Ed, brine, minerals, bacteria, desalination, oceans, clean, water
