Science can answer moral questions - Sam Harris
I'm<00:00:16.690> going<00:00:16.869> to<00:00:16.930> speak<00:00:17.260> today<00:00:17.440> about<00:00:17.590> the
I'm going to speak today about the
I'm going to speak today about the
relationship<00:00:18.220> between<00:00:18.820> science<00:00:19.480> and<00:00:19.840> human
relationship between science and human
relationship between science and human
values<00:00:21.189> now<00:00:22.180> it's<00:00:22.630> generally<00:00:22.990> understood
values now it's generally understood
values now it's generally understood
that<00:00:23.410> that<00:00:23.890> questions<00:00:24.520> of<00:00:24.640> morality
that that questions of morality
that that questions of morality
questions<00:00:26.140> of<00:00:26.500> good<00:00:26.950> and<00:00:27.070> evil<00:00:27.160> and<00:00:27.550> right<00:00:27.640> and
questions of good and evil and right and
questions of good and evil and right and
wrong<00:00:28.150> are<00:00:28.480> questions<00:00:29.200> about<00:00:29.439> which<00:00:29.619> science
wrong are questions about which science
wrong are questions about which science
officially<00:00:30.759> has<00:00:30.970> no<00:00:31.119> opinion<00:00:32.040> it's<00:00:33.040> thought
officially has no opinion it's thought
officially has no opinion it's thought
that<00:00:33.250> science<00:00:33.790> can<00:00:34.000> can<00:00:34.300> help<00:00:34.450> us<00:00:34.630> get<00:00:34.840> what<00:00:35.050> we
that science can can help us get what we
that science can can help us get what we
value<00:00:35.489> but<00:00:36.489> it<00:00:36.579> can<00:00:36.670> never<00:00:36.730> tell<00:00:36.970> us<00:00:37.000> what<00:00:37.149> we
value but it can never tell us what we
value but it can never tell us what we
ought<00:00:37.420> to<00:00:37.450> value<00:00:37.989> and<00:00:38.760> consequently<00:00:39.760> most
ought to value and consequently most
ought to value and consequently most
people<00:00:40.329> I<00:00:40.390> think<00:00:40.420> most<00:00:40.690> people<00:00:40.960> probably<00:00:41.110> here
people I think most people probably here
people I think most people probably here
think<00:00:42.820> that<00:00:42.969> science<00:00:43.420> will<00:00:43.600> never<00:00:43.899> answer<00:00:44.170> the
think that science will never answer the
think that science will never answer the
most<00:00:45.219> important<00:00:45.730> questions<00:00:46.149> in<00:00:46.269> human<00:00:46.300> life
most important questions in human life
most important questions in human life
questions<00:00:47.769> like<00:00:47.890> what<00:00:48.219> is<00:00:48.340> worth<00:00:48.489> living<00:00:48.760> for
questions like what is worth living for
questions like what is worth living for
what<00:00:49.359> is<00:00:49.449> worth<00:00:49.570> dying<00:00:49.929> for<00:00:50.129> what<00:00:51.129> what
what is worth dying for what what
what is worth dying for what what
constitutes<00:00:52.149> a<00:00:52.300> good<00:00:52.329> life<00:00:53.010> so<00:00:54.010> I'm<00:00:54.250> going<00:00:54.370> to
constitutes a good life so I'm going to
constitutes a good life so I'm going to
argue<00:00:54.550> that<00:00:54.969> this<00:00:55.329> is<00:00:55.390> an<00:00:55.809> illusion<00:00:56.620> of<00:00:56.920> the
argue that this is an illusion of the
argue that this is an illusion of the
separation<00:00:57.640> between<00:00:57.789> science<00:00:58.120> and<00:00:58.449> human
separation between science and human
separation between science and human
values<00:00:59.019> is<00:00:59.230> an<00:00:59.320> illusion<00:00:59.769> and<00:00:59.920> actually<00:01:00.309> quite
values is an illusion and actually quite
values is an illusion and actually quite
a<00:01:00.969> dangerous<00:01:01.269> one<00:01:01.749> at<00:01:01.989> this<00:01:02.260> point<00:01:02.530> in<00:01:02.649> human
a dangerous one at this point in human
a dangerous one at this point in human
history<00:01:03.870> now<00:01:04.870> it's<00:01:05.019> often<00:01:05.170> said<00:01:05.500> that<00:01:05.740> science
history now it's often said that science
history now it's often said that science
cannot<00:01:06.940> give<00:01:07.180> us<00:01:07.270> a<00:01:07.390> foundation<00:01:07.800> for<00:01:08.800> morality
cannot give us a foundation for morality
cannot give us a foundation for morality
and<00:01:09.310> human<00:01:09.430> values<00:01:09.909> because<00:01:10.240> science<00:01:10.810> deals
and human values because science deals
and human values because science deals
with<00:01:11.170> facts<00:01:11.500> and<00:01:12.030> facts<00:01:13.030> and<00:01:13.270> values<00:01:13.300> seem<00:01:13.960> to
with facts and facts and values seem to
with facts and facts and values seem to
belong<00:01:14.380> to<00:01:14.409> different<00:01:14.710> spheres<00:01:15.659> it's<00:01:16.659> often
belong to different spheres it's often
belong to different spheres it's often
thought<00:01:17.229> that<00:01:17.290> there's<00:01:17.770> no<00:01:17.890> description<00:01:18.640> of
thought that there's no description of
thought that there's no description of
the<00:01:19.509> way<00:01:19.720> the<00:01:19.899> world<00:01:20.079> is<00:01:20.700> that<00:01:21.700> can<00:01:21.850> tell<00:01:22.030> us
the way the world is that can tell us
the way the world is that can tell us
how<00:01:22.270> the<00:01:22.329> world<00:01:22.540> ought<00:01:22.780> to<00:01:22.810> be<00:01:24.149> but<00:01:25.149> I<00:01:25.270> think
how the world ought to be but I think
how the world ought to be but I think
this<00:01:25.540> is<00:01:25.659> quite<00:01:25.810> clearly<00:01:26.350> untrue<00:01:27.030> but<00:01:28.030> values
this is quite clearly untrue but values
this is quite clearly untrue but values
are<00:01:28.869> a<00:01:28.899> certain<00:01:29.710> kind<00:01:29.979> of<00:01:30.130> fact<00:01:30.659> okay<00:01:31.659> they<00:01:31.780> are
are a certain kind of fact okay they are
are a certain kind of fact okay they are
facts<00:01:32.409> about<00:01:32.710> the<00:01:33.009> well-being<00:01:33.490> of<00:01:33.820> conscious
facts about the well-being of conscious
facts about the well-being of conscious
creatures<00:01:34.799> why<00:01:35.799> is<00:01:35.920> it<00:01:36.070> that<00:01:36.189> we<00:01:36.250> don't<00:01:36.399> have
creatures why is it that we don't have
creatures why is it that we don't have
ethical<00:01:37.060> obligations<00:01:37.719> toward<00:01:37.990> rocks
ethical obligations toward rocks
ethical obligations toward rocks
why<00:01:39.610> don't<00:01:39.729> we<00:01:39.759> feel<00:01:39.939> compassion<00:01:40.539> for<00:01:40.570> rocks
why don't we feel compassion for rocks
why don't we feel compassion for rocks
so<00:01:42.250> because<00:01:42.399> we<00:01:42.520> don't<00:01:42.670> think<00:01:42.729> rocks<00:01:43.060> can
so because we don't think rocks can
so because we don't think rocks can
suffer<00:01:43.689> and<00:01:43.899> if<00:01:43.990> we're<00:01:44.140> more<00:01:44.320> concerned<00:01:44.530> about
suffer and if we're more concerned about
suffer and if we're more concerned about
our<00:01:45.070> fellow<00:01:45.369> primates<00:01:45.670> than<00:01:46.600> we<00:01:46.750> are<00:01:46.899> about
our fellow primates than we are about
our fellow primates than we are about
insects<00:01:47.530> as<00:01:47.799> indeed<00:01:48.460> we<00:01:48.610> are<00:01:48.640> it's<00:01:49.390> because<00:01:49.630> we
insects as indeed we are it's because we
insects as indeed we are it's because we
think<00:01:49.750> they're<00:01:50.049> exposed<00:01:50.590> to<00:01:51.039> a<00:01:51.070> greater<00:01:51.460> range
think they're exposed to a greater range
think they're exposed to a greater range
of<00:01:52.140> potential<00:01:53.140> happiness<00:01:53.770> and<00:01:53.920> suffering<00:01:54.100> now
of potential happiness and suffering now
of potential happiness and suffering now
the<00:01:54.609> crucial<00:01:55.119> thing<00:01:55.509> to<00:01:55.810> notice<00:01:56.710> here<00:01:56.859> is<00:01:57.070> that
the crucial thing to notice here is that
the crucial thing to notice here is that
this<00:01:57.340> is<00:01:57.490> a<00:01:57.520> factual<00:01:58.210> claim<00:01:58.509> this<00:01:59.350> is
this is a factual claim this is
this is a factual claim this is
something<00:01:59.680> we<00:01:59.770> could<00:01:59.979> be<00:02:00.100> right<00:02:00.250> or<00:02:00.310> wrong
something we could be right or wrong
something we could be right or wrong
about<00:02:00.820> if<00:02:01.000> we've<00:02:01.119> misconstrued<00:02:01.899> the
about if we've misconstrued the
about if we've misconstrued the
relationship<00:02:02.619> between<00:02:02.770> biological
relationship between biological
relationship between biological
complexity<00:02:04.090> and<00:02:04.420> the<00:02:04.869> possibilities<00:02:05.590> of
complexity and the possibilities of
complexity and the possibilities of
experience<00:02:06.240> well<00:02:07.240> then<00:02:07.390> we<00:02:07.659> could<00:02:07.869> be<00:02:07.990> wrong
experience well then we could be wrong
experience well then we could be wrong
about<00:02:08.440> the<00:02:08.649> inner<00:02:08.800> lives<00:02:09.039> of<00:02:09.280> insects<00:02:09.640> okay
about the inner lives of insects okay
about the inner lives of insects okay
there<00:02:11.080> is<00:02:11.170> no<00:02:12.150> notion<00:02:13.150> no<00:02:14.110> version<00:02:14.500> of<00:02:14.860> human
there is no notion no version of human
there is no notion no version of human
morality<00:02:15.910> and<00:02:16.480> human<00:02:17.020> values<00:02:17.050> that<00:02:17.500> I've<00:02:17.620> ever
morality and human values that I've ever
morality and human values that I've ever
come<00:02:18.070> across<00:02:18.130> that<00:02:19.090> is<00:02:19.270> not<00:02:19.420> at<00:02:19.540> some<00:02:19.870> point
come across that is not at some point
come across that is not at some point
reducible<00:02:20.760> to<00:02:21.760> a<00:02:21.940> concern<00:02:22.390> about<00:02:22.420> conscious
reducible to a concern about conscious
reducible to a concern about conscious
experience
experience
experience
and<00:02:24.180> it's<00:02:24.720> possible<00:02:25.170> changes<00:02:25.760> even<00:02:26.760> if<00:02:26.940> you
and it's possible changes even if you
and it's possible changes even if you
get<00:02:27.150> your<00:02:27.300> values<00:02:27.690> from<00:02:27.870> religion<00:02:28.670> even<00:02:29.670> if
get your values from religion even if
get your values from religion even if
you<00:02:29.820> think<00:02:30.060> that<00:02:30.240> good<00:02:30.480> and<00:02:30.630> evil<00:02:30.900> ultimately
you think that good and evil ultimately
you think that good and evil ultimately
relate<00:02:31.680> to<00:02:31.860> conditions<00:02:32.250> after<00:02:32.430> death<00:02:32.870> either
relate to conditions after death either
relate to conditions after death either
to<00:02:34.110> an<00:02:34.230> eternity<00:02:34.950> of<00:02:35.040> happiness<00:02:35.610> with<00:02:35.760> God<00:02:35.970> or
to an eternity of happiness with God or
to an eternity of happiness with God or
an<00:02:36.360> eternity<00:02:36.690> of<00:02:36.840> suffering<00:02:37.020> in<00:02:37.410> hell<00:02:37.620> you<00:02:38.610> are
an eternity of suffering in hell you are
an eternity of suffering in hell you are
still<00:02:39.060> concerned<00:02:39.330> about<00:02:39.780> consciousness<00:02:40.410> and
still concerned about consciousness and
still concerned about consciousness and
its<00:02:40.950> changes<00:02:41.430> and<00:02:41.640> to<00:02:42.240> say<00:02:42.480> that<00:02:42.690> such<00:02:42.840> changes
its changes and to say that such changes
its changes and to say that such changes
can<00:02:43.410> persist<00:02:43.770> after<00:02:44.220> death<00:02:44.490> is<00:02:44.730> itself<00:02:45.480> a
can persist after death is itself a
can persist after death is itself a
factual<00:02:46.110> claim<00:02:46.320> which<00:02:47.190> of<00:02:47.580> course<00:02:47.640> may<00:02:48.030> or<00:02:48.090> may
factual claim which of course may or may
factual claim which of course may or may
not<00:02:48.209> be<00:02:48.420> true<00:02:49.790> now<00:02:50.790> to<00:02:51.120> speak<00:02:51.360> about<00:02:51.630> the
not be true now to speak about the
not be true now to speak about the
conditions<00:02:52.560> of<00:02:52.709> well-being<00:02:53.100> in<00:02:53.400> this<00:02:53.550> life
conditions of well-being in this life
conditions of well-being in this life
for<00:02:54.270> human<00:02:54.540> beings<00:02:54.840> we<00:02:55.470> know<00:02:55.620> that<00:02:55.830> there<00:02:55.950> is<00:02:55.980> a
for human beings we know that there is a
for human beings we know that there is a
continuum<00:02:56.850> of<00:02:57.060> such<00:02:57.330> facts<00:02:57.660> we<00:02:58.560> know<00:02:58.739> that
continuum of such facts we know that
continuum of such facts we know that
it's<00:02:59.040> possible<00:02:59.550> to<00:02:59.610> live<00:02:59.880> in<00:02:59.940> a<00:03:00.060> failed<00:03:00.300> state
it's possible to live in a failed state
it's possible to live in a failed state
where<00:03:01.739> everything<00:03:02.130> that<00:03:02.160> can<00:03:02.459> go<00:03:02.610> wrong<00:03:02.820> does
where everything that can go wrong does
where everything that can go wrong does
go<00:03:03.510> wrong<00:03:03.690> where<00:03:04.170> mothers<00:03:04.530> cannot<00:03:04.950> feed<00:03:05.160> their
go wrong where mothers cannot feed their
go wrong where mothers cannot feed their
children<00:03:05.660> we're<00:03:06.660> strangers<00:03:07.260> cannot<00:03:07.860> find<00:03:08.280> the
children we're strangers cannot find the
children we're strangers cannot find the
basis<00:03:09.480> for<00:03:09.660> peaceful<00:03:10.020> collaboration<00:03:10.680> where
basis for peaceful collaboration where
basis for peaceful collaboration where
people<00:03:11.070> are<00:03:11.160> murdered<00:03:11.580> indiscriminately<00:03:12.330> and
people are murdered indiscriminately and
people are murdered indiscriminately and
we<00:03:13.260> know<00:03:13.380> that<00:03:13.500> it's<00:03:13.680> possible<00:03:14.100> to<00:03:14.220> move<00:03:14.489> along
we know that it's possible to move along
we know that it's possible to move along
this<00:03:15.360> continuum<00:03:15.950> towards<00:03:16.950> something<00:03:17.100> quite<00:03:17.520> a
this continuum towards something quite a
this continuum towards something quite a
bit<00:03:18.030> more<00:03:18.239> idyllic<00:03:18.450> that<00:03:18.900> -<00:03:19.470> a<00:03:19.500> place<00:03:19.800> where<00:03:20.160> a
bit more idyllic that - a place where a
bit more idyllic that - a place where a
conference<00:03:21.270> like<00:03:21.450> this<00:03:21.630> is<00:03:21.750> even<00:03:22.020> conceivable
conference like this is even conceivable
conference like this is even conceivable
and<00:03:22.830> we<00:03:23.430> know<00:03:23.870> we<00:03:24.870> know<00:03:25.230> that<00:03:26.220> there<00:03:26.370> are<00:03:26.489> right
and we know we know that there are right
and we know we know that there are right
and<00:03:26.880> wrong<00:03:26.940> answers<00:03:27.300> to<00:03:28.230> how<00:03:28.380> to<00:03:28.440> move<00:03:28.709> in<00:03:28.920> this
and wrong answers to how to move in this
and wrong answers to how to move in this
space<00:03:29.630> and<00:03:30.630> what<00:03:30.780> would<00:03:30.959> would<00:03:31.730> adding
space and what would would adding
space and what would would adding
cholera<00:03:33.209> to<00:03:33.510> the<00:03:33.600> water<00:03:34.010> be<00:03:35.010> a<00:03:35.040> good<00:03:35.250> idea<00:03:35.400> Oh
cholera to the water be a good idea Oh
cholera to the water be a good idea Oh
probably<00:03:37.170> not<00:03:37.700> it<00:03:38.700> would<00:03:38.820> it<00:03:38.910> be<00:03:38.970> a<00:03:39.000> good<00:03:39.090> idea
probably not it would it be a good idea
probably not it would it be a good idea
for<00:03:39.480> everyone<00:03:39.720> to<00:03:39.959> believe<00:03:40.110> in<00:03:40.440> the<00:03:40.530> evil<00:03:40.860> eye
for everyone to believe in the evil eye
for everyone to believe in the evil eye
so<00:03:42.030> that<00:03:42.180> when<00:03:42.299> bad<00:03:42.510> things<00:03:42.540> happen<00:03:42.900> to<00:03:43.230> them
so that when bad things happen to them
so that when bad things happen to them
they<00:03:43.799> immediately<00:03:44.250> blame<00:03:44.489> their<00:03:44.700> neighbors
they immediately blame their neighbors
they immediately blame their neighbors
probably<00:03:47.100> not<00:03:47.280> there<00:03:47.760> are<00:03:48.060> truths<00:03:48.510> to<00:03:48.780> be
probably not there are truths to be
probably not there are truths to be
known<00:03:49.070> about<00:03:50.070> how<00:03:50.310> human<00:03:50.760> communities
known about how human communities
known about how human communities
flourish<00:03:51.690> whether<00:03:52.380> or<00:03:52.650> not<00:03:52.739> we<00:03:52.920> understand
flourish whether or not we understand
flourish whether or not we understand
these<00:03:53.579> truths<00:03:53.850> and<00:03:54.090> morality<00:03:54.390> relates<00:03:55.110> to
these truths and morality relates to
these truths and morality relates to
these<00:03:56.100> truths<00:03:56.400> so<00:03:57.120> in<00:03:57.269> talking<00:03:57.540> about<00:03:57.870> values
these truths so in talking about values
these truths so in talking about values
we<00:03:58.829> are<00:03:59.040> talking<00:03:59.519> about<00:03:59.610> facts<00:04:01.130> now<00:04:02.130> of<00:04:02.220> course
we are talking about facts now of course
we are talking about facts now of course
our<00:04:02.549> situation<00:04:02.610> in<00:04:03.120> the<00:04:03.180> world<00:04:03.329> can<00:04:03.480> be
our situation in the world can be
our situation in the world can be
understood<00:04:03.930> at<00:04:04.079> many<00:04:04.260> levels<00:04:04.470> there's<00:04:04.980> the
understood at many levels there's the
understood at many levels there's the
from<00:04:05.370> the<00:04:05.459> level<00:04:05.730> of<00:04:05.820> the<00:04:05.910> genome<00:04:06.299> on<00:04:06.570> up<00:04:07.260> to
from the level of the genome on up to
from the level of the genome on up to
the<00:04:07.470> level<00:04:07.739> of<00:04:07.769> economic<00:04:08.310> systems<00:04:08.670> and
the level of economic systems and
the level of economic systems and
political<00:04:08.940> arrangements<00:04:09.450> but<00:04:10.260> if<00:04:10.350> we're
political arrangements but if we're
political arrangements but if we're
going<00:04:10.530> to<00:04:10.590> talk<00:04:10.829> about<00:04:11.160> human<00:04:11.340> well-being
going to talk about human well-being
going to talk about human well-being
we<00:04:12.959> are<00:04:13.110> of<00:04:13.230> necessity<00:04:13.380> talking<00:04:14.340> about<00:04:14.549> the
we are of necessity talking about the
we are of necessity talking about the
human<00:04:14.970> brain<00:04:15.060> because<00:04:15.420> we<00:04:15.540> know<00:04:15.780> that<00:04:15.810> our
human brain because we know that our
human brain because we know that our
experience<00:04:16.620> of<00:04:16.709> the<00:04:16.769> world<00:04:16.829> and<00:04:17.220> of<00:04:17.310> ourselves
experience of the world and of ourselves
experience of the world and of ourselves
within<00:04:18.030> it<00:04:18.269> is<00:04:18.440> realized<00:04:19.440> in<00:04:19.829> the<00:04:19.950> brain
within it is realized in the brain
within it is realized in the brain
whatever<00:04:21.540> happens<00:04:22.049> after<00:04:22.200> death<00:04:22.610> even<00:04:23.610> if<00:04:23.729> the
whatever happens after death even if the
whatever happens after death even if the
suicide<00:04:24.840> bomber<00:04:25.229> does<00:04:25.620> get<00:04:25.950> 72<00:04:26.400> virgins<00:04:26.970> in
suicide bomber does get 72 virgins in
suicide bomber does get 72 virgins in
the<00:04:28.020> afterlife<00:04:28.350> in<00:04:28.740> this<00:04:29.100> life
the afterlife in this life
the afterlife in this life
his<00:04:30.419> personality<00:04:30.990> is<00:04:31.590> rather<00:04:31.860> unfortunate
his personality is rather unfortunate
his personality is rather unfortunate
personality<00:04:33.300> is<00:04:33.419> the<00:04:33.750> product<00:04:34.289> of<00:04:34.410> his<00:04:34.530> brain
personality is the product of his brain
personality is the product of his brain
okay<00:04:36.290> and<00:04:36.440> so<00:04:36.530> and<00:04:37.070> the<00:04:37.460> contributions<00:04:38.150> of
okay and so and the contributions of
okay and so and the contributions of
culture<00:04:38.600> if<00:04:38.690> culture<00:04:38.930> changes<00:04:39.680> us<00:04:39.860> as<00:04:40.040> indeed
culture if culture changes us as indeed
culture if culture changes us as indeed
it<00:04:40.970> does<00:04:41.150> it<00:04:41.420> changes<00:04:41.990> us<00:04:42.140> by<00:04:42.290> changing<00:04:42.680> our
it does it changes us by changing our
it does it changes us by changing our
brains<00:04:43.070> and<00:04:43.370> and<00:04:43.820> so<00:04:43.910> therefore<00:04:44.090> the<00:04:44.390> whatever
brains and and so therefore the whatever
brains and and so therefore the whatever
cultural<00:04:45.680> variation<00:04:46.250> there<00:04:46.430> is<00:04:46.520> and<00:04:46.730> how
cultural variation there is and how
cultural variation there is and how
human<00:04:47.180> beings<00:04:47.330> flourish<00:04:47.870> can<00:04:48.470> at<00:04:48.590> least<00:04:48.680> in
human beings flourish can at least in
human beings flourish can at least in
principle<00:04:48.950> be<00:04:49.820> understood<00:04:50.330> in<00:04:50.900> the<00:04:51.080> context
principle be understood in the context
principle be understood in the context
of<00:04:51.710> a<00:04:51.800> maturing<00:04:52.220> science<00:04:52.580> of<00:04:52.700> the<00:04:52.760> mind
of a maturing science of the mind
of a maturing science of the mind
neuroscience<00:04:53.750> psychology<00:04:53.870> etc<00:04:56.110> so<00:04:57.110> what<00:04:57.230> I'm
neuroscience psychology etc so what I'm
neuroscience psychology etc so what I'm
arguing<00:04:57.500> is<00:04:57.800> that<00:04:58.000> values<00:04:59.000> reduce<00:04:59.390> to<00:04:59.570> facts
arguing is that values reduce to facts
arguing is that values reduce to facts
to<00:05:00.320> facts<00:05:00.590> about<00:05:00.770> the<00:05:00.950> conscious<00:05:01.750> experience
to facts about the conscious experience
to facts about the conscious experience
of<00:05:02.930> conscious<00:05:03.320> beings<00:05:03.650> and<00:05:04.450> we<00:05:05.450> can<00:05:05.600> therefore
of conscious beings and we can therefore
of conscious beings and we can therefore
visualize<00:05:06.920> a<00:05:07.070> space<00:05:07.430> of<00:05:08.020> possible<00:05:09.020> changes<00:05:09.470> in
visualize a space of possible changes in
visualize a space of possible changes in
the<00:05:10.100> experience<00:05:10.280> of<00:05:10.820> these<00:05:10.940> beans<00:05:11.240> and<00:05:12.050> I
the experience of these beans and I
the experience of these beans and I
think<00:05:12.440> this<00:05:12.620> is<00:05:12.710> a<00:05:12.740> kind<00:05:12.920> of<00:05:12.980> moral<00:05:13.220> landscape
think this is a kind of moral landscape
think this is a kind of moral landscape
with<00:05:13.940> peaks<00:05:14.210> and<00:05:14.450> valleys<00:05:14.510> that<00:05:14.990> correspond
with peaks and valleys that correspond
with peaks and valleys that correspond
to<00:05:15.890> differences<00:05:16.370> in<00:05:16.580> the<00:05:16.790> well-being<00:05:17.210> of
to differences in the well-being of
to differences in the well-being of
conscious<00:05:17.960> creatures<00:05:18.140> both<00:05:18.620> personal<00:05:19.160> and
conscious creatures both personal and
conscious creatures both personal and
collective<00:05:19.760> and<00:05:20.600> one<00:05:21.200> thing<00:05:21.380> to<00:05:21.500> notice<00:05:21.680> is
collective and one thing to notice is
collective and one thing to notice is
that<00:05:22.040> perhaps<00:05:22.610> there<00:05:22.970> are<00:05:23.090> states<00:05:23.390> of<00:05:23.690> human
that perhaps there are states of human
that perhaps there are states of human
well-being<00:05:24.140> that<00:05:24.890> we<00:05:25.040> rarely<00:05:25.370> access<00:05:25.970> that
well-being that we rarely access that
well-being that we rarely access that
few<00:05:26.810> people<00:05:27.110> access<00:05:27.470> and<00:05:27.620> these<00:05:27.710> await<00:05:28.040> our
few people access and these await our
few people access and these await our
discovery<00:05:28.750> perhaps<00:05:29.750> some<00:05:29.900> of<00:05:29.960> these<00:05:30.020> states
discovery perhaps some of these states
discovery perhaps some of these states
can<00:05:30.440> be<00:05:30.470> appropriately<00:05:31.070> called<00:05:31.250> mystical<00:05:31.820> or
can be appropriately called mystical or
can be appropriately called mystical or
spiritual<00:05:32.560> perhaps<00:05:33.560> our<00:05:33.710> other<00:05:33.890> states<00:05:34.220> that
spiritual perhaps our other states that
spiritual perhaps our other states that
we<00:05:34.550> can't<00:05:34.820> access<00:05:35.330> because<00:05:36.320> of<00:05:36.350> how<00:05:36.620> our<00:05:36.800> minds
we can't access because of how our minds
we can't access because of how our minds
are<00:05:37.220> structured<00:05:37.640> but<00:05:38.180> other<00:05:38.720> Minds<00:05:39.170> possibly
are structured but other Minds possibly
are structured but other Minds possibly
could<00:05:39.920> access<00:05:40.310> them<00:05:41.050> now<00:05:42.050> let<00:05:42.200> me<00:05:42.260> be<00:05:42.380> clear
could access them now let me be clear
could access them now let me be clear
about<00:05:42.650> what<00:05:42.920> I'm<00:05:43.010> not<00:05:43.190> saying<00:05:43.490> I'm<00:05:43.640> not<00:05:43.820> saying
about what I'm not saying I'm not saying
about what I'm not saying I'm not saying
that<00:05:45.500> science<00:05:46.070> is<00:05:46.430> guaranteed<00:05:47.060> to<00:05:47.270> map<00:05:47.480> this
that science is guaranteed to map this
that science is guaranteed to map this
space<00:05:48.010> or<00:05:49.010> that<00:05:49.190> we<00:05:49.610> will<00:05:49.700> have<00:05:49.850> scientific
space or that we will have scientific
space or that we will have scientific
answers<00:05:50.750> to<00:05:50.900> every<00:05:51.200> conceivable<00:05:51.620> moral
answers to every conceivable moral
answers to every conceivable moral
question<00:05:52.580> I<00:05:52.760> don't<00:05:53.480> think<00:05:53.660> for<00:05:53.960> instance<00:05:54.080> that
question I don't think for instance that
question I don't think for instance that
you<00:05:54.440> will<00:05:54.590> one<00:05:54.770> day<00:05:54.800> consult<00:05:55.370> a<00:05:55.520> supercomputer
you will one day consult a supercomputer
you will one day consult a supercomputer
to<00:05:57.050> learn<00:05:57.230> whether<00:05:57.500> you<00:05:57.680> should<00:05:57.740> have<00:05:57.980> a
to learn whether you should have a
to learn whether you should have a
second<00:05:58.430> child<00:05:58.840> or<00:05:59.840> whether<00:06:00.080> we<00:06:00.230> should<00:06:00.380> bomb
second child or whether we should bomb
second child or whether we should bomb
Iran's<00:06:01.100> nuclear<00:06:01.460> facilities<00:06:02.410> or<00:06:03.410> whether<00:06:03.590> you
Iran's nuclear facilities or whether you
Iran's nuclear facilities or whether you
can<00:06:03.890> deduct<00:06:04.160> the<00:06:04.400> full<00:06:04.640> cost<00:06:04.970> of<00:06:05.210> Ted<00:06:05.450> as<00:06:05.660> a
can deduct the full cost of Ted as a
can deduct the full cost of Ted as a
business<00:06:06.140> expense
business expense
business expense
but<00:06:09.020> if<00:06:09.200> questions<00:06:09.680> affect<00:06:10.100> human<00:06:10.640> wellbeing
but if questions affect human wellbeing
but if questions affect human wellbeing
then<00:06:11.720> they<00:06:11.870> do<00:06:11.930> have<00:06:12.080> answers<00:06:12.620> whether<00:06:12.860> or<00:06:13.040> not
then they do have answers whether or not
then they do have answers whether or not
we<00:06:13.280> can<00:06:13.400> find<00:06:13.670> them<00:06:13.790> and<00:06:14.030> just<00:06:14.360> admitting<00:06:14.930> this
we can find them and just admitting this
we can find them and just admitting this
just<00:06:16.250> admitting<00:06:16.760> that<00:06:16.850> there<00:06:17.030> are<00:06:17.090> right<00:06:17.270> and
just admitting that there are right and
just admitting that there are right and
wrong<00:06:17.480> answers<00:06:17.810> to<00:06:18.290> the<00:06:18.380> question<00:06:18.680> of<00:06:18.770> how
wrong answers to the question of how
wrong answers to the question of how
humans<00:06:19.370> flourish<00:06:19.610> will<00:06:20.360> change<00:06:20.720> the<00:06:20.930> way<00:06:21.050> we
humans flourish will change the way we
humans flourish will change the way we
talk<00:06:21.440> about<00:06:21.590> morality<00:06:21.860> and<00:06:22.370> will<00:06:22.580> change<00:06:22.940> our
talk about morality and will change our
talk about morality and will change our
expectations<00:06:23.600> of<00:06:24.230> human<00:06:24.830> cooperation<00:06:24.980> in<00:06:25.700> the
expectations of human cooperation in the
expectations of human cooperation in the
future<00:06:27.160> and<00:06:28.160> for<00:06:28.310> instance<00:06:28.660> there<00:06:29.660> are<00:06:29.690> 21
future and for instance there are 21
future and for instance there are 21
states<00:06:30.260> in<00:06:30.950> our<00:06:31.100> country<00:06:31.490> where<00:06:32.420> corporal
states in our country where corporal
states in our country where corporal
punishment<00:06:33.680> in<00:06:33.830> the<00:06:33.920> classroom<00:06:34.550> is<00:06:34.790> legal
punishment in the classroom is legal
punishment in the classroom is legal
where<00:06:35.540> it<00:06:35.630> is<00:06:35.750> legal<00:06:35.990> for<00:06:36.260> a<00:06:36.590> teacher<00:06:36.620> to<00:06:37.340> beat
where it is legal for a teacher to beat
where it is legal for a teacher to beat
a<00:06:38.270> child<00:06:38.720> with<00:06:39.050> a<00:06:39.080> wooden<00:06:39.410> board<00:06:39.940> heart<00:06:40.940> under
a child with a wooden board heart under
a child with a wooden board heart under
raising<00:06:41.720> large<00:06:41.930> bruises<00:06:42.530> and<00:06:42.740> blisters<00:06:43.160> and
raising large bruises and blisters and
raising large bruises and blisters and
even<00:06:43.610> breaking<00:06:43.940> the<00:06:44.030> skin<00:06:44.270> and<00:06:44.840> a<00:06:45.560> hundreds<00:06:45.950> of
even breaking the skin and a hundreds of
even breaking the skin and a hundreds of
thousands<00:06:46.460> of<00:06:46.490> children<00:06:46.640> instantly<00:06:47.420> are
thousands of children instantly are
thousands of children instantly are
subjected<00:06:48.350> to<00:06:48.440> this<00:06:48.530> every<00:06:48.800> year<00:06:49.060> the
subjected to this every year the
subjected to this every year the
locations<00:06:50.630> of<00:06:50.840> these<00:06:50.990> enlightened<00:06:51.650> districts
locations of these enlightened districts
locations of these enlightened districts
I<00:06:52.370> think<00:06:52.580> will<00:06:52.700> fail<00:06:52.940> to<00:06:53.150> surprise<00:06:53.300> you<00:06:53.980> we're
I think will fail to surprise you we're
I think will fail to surprise you we're
not<00:06:55.070> talking<00:06:55.430> about<00:06:55.490> Connecticut<00:06:56.120> and<00:06:56.800> the
not talking about Connecticut and the
not talking about Connecticut and the
rationale<00:06:58.610> for<00:06:58.640> this<00:06:58.910> behavior<00:06:59.300> is
rationale for this behavior is
rationale for this behavior is
explicitly<00:07:00.200> religious<00:07:00.680> the<00:07:01.580> creator<00:07:01.940> of<00:07:02.030> the
explicitly religious the creator of the
explicitly religious the creator of the
universe<00:07:02.210> himself<00:07:03.050> has<00:07:03.740> told<00:07:04.040> us<00:07:04.160> not<00:07:04.340> to
universe himself has told us not to
universe himself has told us not to
spare<00:07:04.730> the<00:07:04.880> rod<00:07:05.030> less<00:07:05.360> we<00:07:05.510> spoil<00:07:05.810> the<00:07:05.960> child
spare the rod less we spoil the child
spare the rod less we spoil the child
this<00:07:07.250> is<00:07:07.370> in<00:07:07.460> proverbs<00:07:07.910> 13<00:07:08.360> and<00:07:08.690> 20<00:07:09.020> and<00:07:09.230> I
this is in proverbs 13 and 20 and I
this is in proverbs 13 and 20 and I
believe<00:07:09.470> 23<00:07:11.500> but<00:07:12.500> we<00:07:12.620> can<00:07:12.770> ask<00:07:13.010> the<00:07:13.220> obvious
believe 23 but we can ask the obvious
believe 23 but we can ask the obvious
question<00:07:13.670> okay<00:07:14.480> is<00:07:14.810> is<00:07:15.170> it<00:07:16.040> a<00:07:16.100> good<00:07:16.130> idea
question okay is is it a good idea
question okay is is it a good idea
generally<00:07:17.360> speaking<00:07:17.720> to<00:07:18.710> subject<00:07:19.250> children
generally speaking to subject children
generally speaking to subject children
to<00:07:20.240> pain<00:07:20.570> and<00:07:20.960> violence<00:07:21.680> and<00:07:22.190> public
to pain and violence and public
to pain and violence and public
humiliation<00:07:22.760> as<00:07:23.510> a<00:07:23.570> way<00:07:24.500> of<00:07:24.650> encouraging
humiliation as a way of encouraging
humiliation as a way of encouraging
healthy<00:07:25.580> emotional<00:07:26.300> development<00:07:26.750> and<00:07:27.020> and
healthy emotional development and and
healthy emotional development and and
good<00:07:27.500> behavior<00:07:28.750> okay<00:07:29.750> is<00:07:29.900> there<00:07:30.500> any<00:07:30.710> doubt
good behavior okay is there any doubt
good behavior okay is there any doubt
that<00:07:32.380> this<00:07:33.380> question<00:07:33.950> has<00:07:34.460> an<00:07:34.730> answer<00:07:34.850> and
that this question has an answer and
that this question has an answer and
that<00:07:35.600> it<00:07:35.720> matters<00:07:38.050> now<00:07:39.050> many<00:07:39.680> of<00:07:39.740> you<00:07:39.830> might
that it matters now many of you might
that it matters now many of you might
worry<00:07:40.220> that<00:07:40.310> the<00:07:40.550> notion<00:07:40.820> of<00:07:41.120> well-being<00:07:41.570> is
worry that the notion of well-being is
worry that the notion of well-being is
truly<00:07:42.290> undefined<00:07:42.830> and<00:07:43.130> seemingly
truly undefined and seemingly
truly undefined and seemingly
perpetually<00:07:44.900> open<00:07:45.260> to<00:07:45.380> be<00:07:46.390> reconstructing
perpetually open to be reconstructing
perpetually open to be reconstructing
their<00:07:47.510> be<00:07:47.600> a<00:07:47.630> an<00:07:47.930> objective<00:07:49.240> notion<00:07:50.240> of
their be a an objective notion of
their be a an objective notion of
well-being<00:07:50.630> well<00:07:50.920> consider<00:07:51.920> by<00:07:52.070> analogy<00:07:52.100> the
well-being well consider by analogy the
well-being well consider by analogy the
concept<00:07:53.510> of<00:07:53.600> physical<00:07:53.750> health
concept of physical health
concept of physical health
the<00:07:55.460> concept<00:07:55.760> of<00:07:55.820> physical<00:07:56.180> health<00:07:56.300> is
the concept of physical health is
the concept of physical health is
undefined<00:07:56.990> as<00:07:57.170> we<00:07:57.290> just<00:07:57.470> heard<00:07:57.680> from<00:07:57.710> Michael
undefined as we just heard from Michael
undefined as we just heard from Michael
Spector<00:07:58.520> it<00:07:58.640> has<00:07:59.210> changed<00:07:59.720> over<00:07:59.870> the<00:08:00.050> years
Spector it has changed over the years
Spector it has changed over the years
when<00:08:01.130> this<00:08:01.220> statue<00:08:01.520> was<00:08:01.970> carved<00:08:02.210> the<00:08:03.020> average
when this statue was carved the average
when this statue was carved the average
life<00:08:03.770> expectancy<00:08:03.860> was<00:08:04.400> probably<00:08:04.880> thirty<00:08:05.180> he
life expectancy was probably thirty he
life expectancy was probably thirty he
is<00:08:06.050> now<00:08:06.260> around<00:08:06.530> 80<00:08:06.830> in<00:08:06.950> the<00:08:07.100> developed<00:08:07.460> world
is now around 80 in the developed world
is now around 80 in the developed world
there<00:08:09.020> may<00:08:09.200> come<00:08:09.380> a<00:08:09.410> time<00:08:09.500> when<00:08:09.890> we<00:08:09.920> meddle
there may come a time when we meddle
there may come a time when we meddle
with<00:08:10.340> our<00:08:10.460> genomes<00:08:10.970> in<00:08:11.150> such<00:08:11.300> a<00:08:11.330> way<00:08:11.540> that<00:08:11.780> that
with our genomes in such a way that that
with our genomes in such a way that that
not<00:08:12.860> being<00:08:13.130> able<00:08:13.310> to<00:08:13.460> run<00:08:13.850> a<00:08:13.910> marathon<00:08:14.240> at<00:08:14.720> age
not being able to run a marathon at age
not being able to run a marathon at age
200<00:08:15.620> will<00:08:16.250> be<00:08:16.370> considered<00:08:16.790> a<00:08:16.880> profound
200 will be considered a profound
200 will be considered a profound
disability<00:08:17.900> you<00:08:18.380> know<00:08:18.470> people<00:08:18.770> send<00:08:19.010> you
disability you know people send you
disability you know people send you
donations<00:08:19.250> when<00:08:19.850> you're<00:08:19.970> in<00:08:20.030> that
notice<00:08:24.349> that<00:08:24.830> that<00:08:24.889> the<00:08:25.159> fact<00:08:25.460> that<00:08:25.610> the
notice that that the fact that the
notice that that the fact that the
concept<00:08:26.210> of<00:08:26.389> health<00:08:26.659> is<00:08:26.960> open<00:08:27.889> genuinely<00:08:28.430> open
concept of health is open genuinely open
concept of health is open genuinely open
for<00:08:29.300> revision<00:08:29.750> does<00:08:30.259> not<00:08:30.470> make<00:08:30.770> it<00:08:30.919> vacuous
for revision does not make it vacuous
for revision does not make it vacuous
the<00:08:32.709> distinction<00:08:33.709> between<00:08:34.279> a<00:08:34.490> healthy<00:08:34.969> person
the distinction between a healthy person
the distinction between a healthy person
and<00:08:35.479> a<00:08:35.750> dead<00:08:36.050> one<00:08:36.229> is<00:08:36.469> about<00:08:37.459> as<00:08:37.579> clear<00:08:38.029> and
and a dead one is about as clear and
and a dead one is about as clear and
consequential<00:08:38.839> as<00:08:38.959> any<00:08:39.200> we<00:08:39.409> make<00:08:39.620> in<00:08:39.829> science
now<00:08:43.370> another<00:08:43.610> thing<00:08:43.729> to<00:08:43.940> notice<00:08:44.089> is<00:08:44.300> there<00:08:44.450> may
now another thing to notice is there may
now another thing to notice is there may
be<00:08:44.600> many<00:08:44.930> peaks<00:08:45.290> on<00:08:45.589> the<00:08:45.649> moral<00:08:46.190> landscape
be many peaks on the moral landscape
be many peaks on the moral landscape
there<00:08:46.700> may<00:08:46.790> be<00:08:46.820> equivalent<00:08:47.540> ways<00:08:47.750> to<00:08:48.140> thrive
there may be equivalent ways to thrive
there may be equivalent ways to thrive
there<00:08:49.430> may<00:08:49.490> be<00:08:49.519> equivalent<00:08:49.820> ways<00:08:50.060> to<00:08:50.209> organize
there may be equivalent ways to organize
there may be equivalent ways to organize
a<00:08:50.690> human<00:08:51.110> society<00:08:51.560> so<00:08:51.709> as<00:08:51.829> to<00:08:51.980> maximize<00:08:52.700> human
a human society so as to maximize human
a human society so as to maximize human
flourishing<00:08:53.570> now<00:08:53.959> why<00:08:54.110> wouldn't<00:08:54.380> this
flourishing now why wouldn't this
flourishing now why wouldn't this
undermine<00:08:55.190> a<00:08:55.510> an<00:08:56.510> objective<00:08:57.230> morality<00:08:58.180> well
undermine a an objective morality well
undermine a an objective morality well
think<00:08:59.450> of<00:08:59.540> how<00:08:59.690> we<00:08:59.750> talk<00:09:00.560> about<00:09:00.740> food<00:09:01.100> I<00:09:01.660> would
think of how we talk about food I would
think of how we talk about food I would
never<00:09:02.959> be<00:09:03.140> tempted<00:09:03.380> to<00:09:03.649> argue<00:09:03.740> to<00:09:04.310> you<00:09:04.339> that
never be tempted to argue to you that
never be tempted to argue to you that
there<00:09:05.690> must<00:09:05.839> be<00:09:05.990> one<00:09:06.260> right<00:09:06.500> food<00:09:06.829> to<00:09:07.010> eat<00:09:07.100> it's
there must be one right food to eat it's
there must be one right food to eat it's
clearly<00:09:07.970> a<00:09:08.089> range<00:09:08.450> of<00:09:08.779> materials<00:09:08.899> that
clearly a range of materials that
clearly a range of materials that
constitute<00:09:09.950> healthy<00:09:10.250> food<00:09:10.459> but<00:09:11.360> there's
constitute healthy food but there's
constitute healthy food but there's
nevertheless<00:09:12.079> a<00:09:12.350> clear<00:09:12.649> distinction<00:09:13.010> between
nevertheless a clear distinction between
nevertheless a clear distinction between
food<00:09:13.610> and<00:09:13.820> poison<00:09:14.709> okay<00:09:15.709> the<00:09:15.890> fact<00:09:16.430> that<00:09:16.640> there
food and poison okay the fact that there
food and poison okay the fact that there
are<00:09:16.940> many<00:09:17.149> right<00:09:17.450> answers<00:09:17.690> to<00:09:18.170> the<00:09:18.260> question
are many right answers to the question
are many right answers to the question
what<00:09:18.680> is<00:09:19.040> food<00:09:19.570> does<00:09:20.570> not<00:09:20.600> make<00:09:21.260> the<00:09:21.649> decisions
what is food does not make the decisions
what is food does not make the decisions
not<00:09:22.190> tempt<00:09:22.670> us<00:09:22.790> to<00:09:23.060> say<00:09:23.720> that<00:09:23.930> there<00:09:24.050> are<00:09:24.140> no
not tempt us to say that there are no
not tempt us to say that there are no
truths<00:09:24.800> to<00:09:25.010> be<00:09:25.040> known<00:09:25.279> about<00:09:25.310> human<00:09:25.790> nutrition
truths to be known about human nutrition
truths to be known about human nutrition
now<00:09:28.510> many<00:09:29.510> people<00:09:29.810> worry<00:09:30.020> that<00:09:30.110> that<00:09:30.529> a
now many people worry that that a
now many people worry that that a
universal<00:09:31.520> Mara<00:09:31.700> morality<00:09:32.240> would<00:09:32.390> would
universal Mara morality would would
universal Mara morality would would
require<00:09:33.250> moral<00:09:34.250> precepts<00:09:34.670> that
require moral precepts that
require moral precepts that
that<00:09:35.120> admit<00:09:35.420> of<00:09:35.510> no<00:09:35.690> exceptions<00:09:36.350> so<00:09:36.500> for
that admit of no exceptions so for
that admit of no exceptions so for
instance<00:09:36.770> if<00:09:36.980> it's<00:09:37.100> really<00:09:37.370> wrong<00:09:37.610> to<00:09:37.880> lie<00:09:38.060> it
instance if it's really wrong to lie it
instance if it's really wrong to lie it
must<00:09:39.170> always<00:09:39.410> be<00:09:39.740> wrong<00:09:39.920> to<00:09:40.100> lie<00:09:40.220> and<00:09:40.490> if<00:09:40.970> you
must always be wrong to lie and if you
must always be wrong to lie and if you
can<00:09:41.570> find<00:09:41.779> an<00:09:42.020> exception<00:09:42.350> well<00:09:43.130> then<00:09:43.220> there's
can find an exception well then there's
can find an exception well then there's
no<00:09:43.459> such<00:09:43.640> thing<00:09:43.790> as<00:09:43.850> moral<00:09:44.120> truth<00:09:44.800> now<00:09:45.800> why
no such thing as moral truth now why
no such thing as moral truth now why
would<00:09:46.160> we<00:09:46.310> think<00:09:46.339> this<00:09:46.810> consider<00:09:47.810> by<00:09:48.260> analogy
would we think this consider by analogy
would we think this consider by analogy
the<00:09:49.250> game<00:09:49.430> chess<00:09:49.850> now<00:09:50.149> if<00:09:50.360> you're<00:09:50.570> going<00:09:50.660> to
the game chess now if you're going to
the game chess now if you're going to
play<00:09:50.899> good<00:09:51.110> chess<00:09:51.440> a<00:09:51.790> principle<00:09:52.790> like<00:09:52.820> don't
play good chess a principle like don't
play good chess a principle like don't
lose<00:09:53.420> your<00:09:53.630> queen<00:09:53.839> is<00:09:54.380> very<00:09:54.770> good<00:09:55.279> to<00:09:55.490> follow
lose your queen is very good to follow
lose your queen is very good to follow
okay<00:09:56.870> but<00:09:57.020> it<00:09:57.110> clearly<00:09:57.529> admits<00:09:57.860> of<00:09:57.950> exceptions
okay but it clearly admits of exceptions
okay but it clearly admits of exceptions
with<00:09:58.640> their<00:09:58.730> moments<00:09:59.180> we're<00:09:59.329> losing<00:09:59.720> your
with their moments we're losing your
with their moments we're losing your
queen<00:10:00.050> is<00:10:00.170> a<00:10:00.290> brilliant<00:10:00.740> thing<00:10:00.950> to<00:10:00.980> do<00:10:01.220> there
queen is a brilliant thing to do there
queen is a brilliant thing to do there
are<00:10:01.880> moments<00:10:02.180> where<00:10:02.450> is<00:10:02.510> the<00:10:02.570> only<00:10:02.959> good<00:10:03.140> thing
are moments where is the only good thing
are moments where is the only good thing
you<00:10:03.500> can<00:10:03.740> do<00:10:04.480> and<00:10:05.480> yet<00:10:05.750> the<00:10:06.020> chess<00:10:06.709> is<00:10:06.860> a<00:10:06.890> domain
you can do and yet the chess is a domain
you can do and yet the chess is a domain
of<00:10:07.250> perfect<00:10:07.790> objectivity<00:10:08.300> the<00:10:09.079> fact<00:10:09.350> that
of perfect objectivity the fact that
of perfect objectivity the fact that
there<00:10:09.680> are<00:10:09.740> exceptions<00:10:10.220> here<00:10:10.430> does<00:10:10.670> not<00:10:10.699> does
there are exceptions here does not does
there are exceptions here does not does
not<00:10:11.420> change<00:10:11.779> that<00:10:11.930> at<00:10:12.199> all<00:10:13.810> now<00:10:14.810> this<00:10:14.959> brings
not change that at all now this brings
not change that at all now this brings
us<00:10:15.470> to<00:10:16.370> the<00:10:16.459> sorts<00:10:16.760> of<00:10:16.820> moves<00:10:17.089> that<00:10:17.420> people<00:10:17.810> are
us to the sorts of moves that people are
us to the sorts of moves that people are
apt<00:10:18.140> to<00:10:18.290> make<00:10:18.560> in<00:10:18.800> the<00:10:18.890> moral<00:10:19.190> sphere<00:10:20.019> okay
apt to make in the moral sphere okay
apt to make in the moral sphere okay
consider<00:10:22.519> the<00:10:22.670> great<00:10:22.880> problem<00:10:23.360> of<00:10:23.480> women's
consider the great problem of women's
consider the great problem of women's
bodies<00:10:24.399> what<00:10:25.399> to<00:10:25.550> do<00:10:25.640> about<00:10:25.760> them<00:10:26.320> well<00:10:27.320> this
bodies what to do about them well this
bodies what to do about them well this
is<00:10:27.529> one<00:10:27.680> thing<00:10:27.890> you<00:10:27.980> can<00:10:28.130> do<00:10:28.220> about<00:10:28.310> them<00:10:28.640> you
is one thing you can do about them you
is one thing you can do about them you
can<00:10:29.209> cover<00:10:29.420> them<00:10:29.630> up
can cover them up
can cover them up
now<00:10:31.019> it<00:10:31.139> is<00:10:31.230> the<00:10:31.380> position<00:10:31.560> generally
now it is the position generally
now it is the position generally
speaking<00:10:32.790> of<00:10:32.970> our<00:10:33.089> intellectual<00:10:33.420> community
speaking of our intellectual community
speaking of our intellectual community
that<00:10:34.100> well<00:10:35.100> we<00:10:35.220> might<00:10:35.399> not<00:10:35.490> like<00:10:35.550> this<00:10:36.079> we
that well we might not like this we
that well we might not like this we
might<00:10:37.260> think<00:10:37.589> of<00:10:37.740> this<00:10:37.860> as<00:10:37.920> wrong<00:10:38.339> in<00:10:38.839> Boston
might think of this as wrong in Boston
might think of this as wrong in Boston
or<00:10:39.959> Palo<00:10:40.139> Alto<00:10:41.120> who<00:10:42.120> are<00:10:42.300> we<00:10:42.449> to<00:10:42.630> say<00:10:42.839> that<00:10:43.160> the
or Palo Alto who are we to say that the
or Palo Alto who are we to say that the
proud<00:10:44.399> denizens<00:10:45.060> of<00:10:45.209> an<00:10:45.269> ancient<00:10:45.600> culture<00:10:45.810> are
proud denizens of an ancient culture are
proud denizens of an ancient culture are
wrong<00:10:47.070> to<00:10:47.760> force<00:10:48.000> their<00:10:48.269> wives<00:10:48.480> and<00:10:48.690> daughters
wrong to force their wives and daughters
wrong to force their wives and daughters
to<00:10:49.230> live<00:10:49.350> in<00:10:49.410> cloth<00:10:49.500> bags<00:10:50.810> who<00:10:51.810> are<00:10:51.899> we<00:10:51.990> to<00:10:52.110> say
to live in cloth bags who are we to say
to live in cloth bags who are we to say
even<00:10:52.500> that<00:10:52.709> they're<00:10:52.860> wrong<00:10:53.070> to<00:10:53.370> beat<00:10:53.579> them
even that they're wrong to beat them
even that they're wrong to beat them
with<00:10:53.940> lengths<00:10:54.240> of<00:10:54.360> steel<00:10:54.600> cable<00:10:54.870> or<00:10:55.529> throw
with lengths of steel cable or throw
with lengths of steel cable or throw
battery<00:10:56.310> acid<00:10:56.550> in<00:10:56.850> their<00:10:56.970> faces<00:10:57.389> if<00:10:57.570> they
battery acid in their faces if they
battery acid in their faces if they
decline<00:10:58.440> the<00:10:58.620> privilege<00:10:59.010> of<00:10:59.100> being<00:10:59.160> smothered
decline the privilege of being smothered
decline the privilege of being smothered
in<00:10:59.850> this<00:10:59.970> way<00:11:00.560> okay<00:11:01.560> who<00:11:02.070> are<00:11:02.100> we<00:11:02.279> not<00:11:02.699> to<00:11:02.970> say
in this way okay who are we not to say
in this way okay who are we not to say
this<00:11:03.920> who<00:11:04.920> are<00:11:05.040> we<00:11:05.190> to<00:11:05.459> pretend<00:11:05.970> that<00:11:06.899> we<00:11:07.050> know
this who are we to pretend that we know
this who are we to pretend that we know
so<00:11:07.529> little<00:11:07.560> about<00:11:08.279> human<00:11:09.269> well-being<00:11:09.870> that<00:11:10.410> we
so little about human well-being that we
so little about human well-being that we
have<00:11:10.709> to<00:11:10.860> be<00:11:10.980> non-judgmental<00:11:11.610> about<00:11:11.880> a
have to be non-judgmental about a
have to be non-judgmental about a
practice<00:11:12.420> like<00:11:12.570> this<00:11:13.699> I'm<00:11:14.699> not<00:11:14.910> talking<00:11:15.240> about
practice like this I'm not talking about
practice like this I'm not talking about
voluntary<00:11:16.820> wearing<00:11:17.820> of<00:11:17.940> a<00:11:18.029> veil<00:11:18.209> and<00:11:18.420> women
voluntary wearing of a veil and women
voluntary wearing of a veil and women
should<00:11:18.839> be<00:11:18.899> able<00:11:18.959> to<00:11:19.079> wear<00:11:19.170> whatever<00:11:19.350> they
should be able to wear whatever they
should be able to wear whatever they
want<00:11:19.769> as<00:11:19.980> far<00:11:20.100> as<00:11:20.160> I'm<00:11:20.339> concerned<00:11:20.670> but<00:11:20.850> what
want as far as I'm concerned but what
want as far as I'm concerned but what
does<00:11:21.480> voluntary<00:11:22.170> mean<00:11:22.529> in<00:11:23.399> a<00:11:23.579> community<00:11:24.380> where
does voluntary mean in a community where
does voluntary mean in a community where
when<00:11:25.829> a<00:11:25.860> girl<00:11:26.190> gets<00:11:26.370> raped<00:11:27.170> her<00:11:28.170> father's
when a girl gets raped her father's
when a girl gets raped her father's
first<00:11:28.980> impulse<00:11:29.579> rather<00:11:30.480> often<00:11:30.810> is<00:11:31.199> to<00:11:32.010> murder
first impulse rather often is to murder
first impulse rather often is to murder
her<00:11:32.790> out<00:11:33.029> of<00:11:33.209> shame<00:11:34.850> but<00:11:35.850> just<00:11:36.540> let<00:11:36.690> that<00:11:36.810> fact
her out of shame but just let that fact
her out of shame but just let that fact
detonate<00:11:38.220> in<00:11:38.399> your<00:11:38.519> brain<00:11:38.790> for<00:11:39.060> a<00:11:39.089> minute<00:11:41.329> your
detonate in your brain for a minute your
detonate in your brain for a minute your
daughter<00:11:42.569> gets<00:11:42.779> raped<00:11:43.339> and<00:11:44.339> what<00:11:44.519> you<00:11:44.670> want<00:11:45.029> to
daughter gets raped and what you want to
daughter gets raped and what you want to
do<00:11:45.389> is<00:11:46.010> kill<00:11:47.010> her
what<00:11:53.050> what<00:11:53.290> are<00:11:53.319> the<00:11:53.410> chances<00:11:54.009> that
what what are the chances that
what what are the chances that
represents<00:11:54.850> a<00:11:54.970> peak<00:11:55.389> of<00:11:55.920> human<00:11:56.920> flourishing
now<00:12:02.170> to<00:12:02.230> say<00:12:02.589> this<00:12:02.740> it's<00:12:02.920> not<00:12:03.069> to<00:12:03.220> say<00:12:03.370> that<00:12:03.399> we
now to say this it's not to say that we
now to say this it's not to say that we
have<00:12:03.910> got<00:12:04.059> the<00:12:04.269> the<00:12:04.839> perfect<00:12:05.139> solution<00:12:05.620> in<00:12:06.160> our
have got the the perfect solution in our
have got the the perfect solution in our
own<00:12:06.759> society<00:12:07.920> commit<00:12:08.920> for<00:12:09.069> instance<00:12:09.399> this<00:12:10.240> is
own society commit for instance this is
own society commit for instance this is
what<00:12:10.569> it's<00:12:10.689> like<00:12:10.749> to<00:12:10.959> go<00:12:11.079> to<00:12:11.139> a<00:12:11.199> newsstand
what it's like to go to a newsstand
what it's like to go to a newsstand
almost<00:12:12.040> anywhere<00:12:12.399> in<00:12:12.459> the<00:12:12.579> civilized<00:12:12.999> world
almost anywhere in the civilized world
almost anywhere in the civilized world
now<00:12:14.709> granted<00:12:15.189> for<00:12:15.730> many<00:12:15.879> men<00:12:16.120> it<00:12:16.300> may<00:12:16.420> require
now granted for many men it may require
now granted for many men it may require
a<00:12:16.779> degree<00:12:16.990> in<00:12:17.230> philosophy<00:12:17.379> to<00:12:17.889> see<00:12:18.009> something
a degree in philosophy to see something
a degree in philosophy to see something
wrong<00:12:18.579> with<00:12:18.730> these<00:12:18.790> images<00:12:21.449> but<00:12:22.449> if<00:12:22.769> we<00:12:23.769> are<00:12:23.889> in
wrong with these images but if we are in
wrong with these images but if we are in
a<00:12:24.040> reflective<00:12:24.279> mood<00:12:24.790> we<00:12:25.300> can<00:12:25.480> ask<00:12:25.660> is<00:12:26.819> this<00:12:27.819> the
a reflective mood we can ask is this the
a reflective mood we can ask is this the
perfect<00:12:28.360> expression<00:12:28.899> of<00:12:29.879> psychological
perfect expression of psychological
perfect expression of psychological
balance<00:12:31.029> with<00:12:31.839> respect<00:12:32.259> to<00:12:32.379> variables<00:12:32.860> like
balance with respect to variables like
balance with respect to variables like
youth<00:12:33.339> and<00:12:33.670> beauty<00:12:33.850> and<00:12:34.120> women's<00:12:34.420> bodies<00:12:34.749> is
youth and beauty and women's bodies is
youth and beauty and women's bodies is
this<00:12:35.139> the<00:12:35.259> optimal<00:12:35.920> environment<00:12:36.220> in<00:12:36.670> which<00:12:37.420> to
this the optimal environment in which to
this the optimal environment in which to
raise<00:12:37.600> our<00:12:37.930> children<00:12:39.300> probably<00:12:40.300> not<00:12:40.720> okay<00:12:40.899> so
raise our children probably not okay so
raise our children probably not okay so
so<00:12:41.649> perhaps<00:12:41.949> our<00:12:42.189> someplace<00:12:42.699> on<00:12:42.910> the<00:12:43.029> spectrum
so perhaps our someplace on the spectrum
so perhaps our someplace on the spectrum
between<00:12:44.470> these<00:12:44.949> two<00:12:45.189> extremes<00:12:45.339> that
between these two extremes that
between these two extremes that
represents<00:12:46.990> a<00:12:47.079> place<00:12:47.319> of<00:12:47.529> a<00:12:47.889> better<00:12:48.370> balance
perhaps<00:12:57.639> perhaps<00:12:58.059> there<00:12:58.360> are<00:12:58.389> many<00:12:58.629> such
perhaps perhaps there are many such
perhaps perhaps there are many such
places<00:12:59.199> again<00:13:00.100> we're<00:13:00.339> given<00:13:00.639> other<00:13:00.850> changes
places again we're given other changes
places again we're given other changes
in<00:13:01.660> human<00:13:01.959> culture<00:13:02.319> there<00:13:02.529> may<00:13:02.679> be<00:13:02.709> many<00:13:03.040> peaks
in human culture there may be many peaks
in human culture there may be many peaks
on<00:13:03.639> the<00:13:03.670> moral<00:13:03.939> landscape<00:13:04.149> but<00:13:05.139> the<00:13:05.470> thing<00:13:05.649> to
on the moral landscape but the thing to
on the moral landscape but the thing to
notice<00:13:05.949> is<00:13:06.160> that<00:13:06.339> there'll<00:13:06.579> be<00:13:06.639> many<00:13:06.939> more
notice is that there'll be many more
notice is that there'll be many more
ways<00:13:07.480> not<00:13:07.869> to<00:13:07.929> be<00:13:08.259> on<00:13:08.410> a<00:13:08.439> peak<00:13:10.230> now<00:13:11.230> the<00:13:11.860> irony
ways not to be on a peak now the irony
ways not to be on a peak now the irony
from<00:13:12.639> my<00:13:12.759> perspective<00:13:13.029> is<00:13:13.360> that<00:13:13.389> the<00:13:13.540> only
from my perspective is that the only
from my perspective is that the only
people<00:13:13.959> who<00:13:14.110> seem<00:13:14.230> to<00:13:14.589> generally<00:13:14.920> agree<00:13:15.309> with
people who seem to generally agree with
people who seem to generally agree with
me<00:13:15.639> and<00:13:15.850> who<00:13:16.569> think<00:13:16.899> that<00:13:17.079> there<00:13:17.230> are<00:13:17.319> right
me and who think that there are right
me and who think that there are right
and<00:13:17.679> wrong<00:13:17.709> answers<00:13:17.860> to<00:13:18.369> moral<00:13:18.549> questions<00:13:18.970> are
and wrong answers to moral questions are
and wrong answers to moral questions are
religious<00:13:20.139> demagogues<00:13:20.559> of<00:13:20.949> one<00:13:21.459> form<00:13:21.759> or
religious demagogues of one form or
religious demagogues of one form or
another<00:13:21.939> and<00:13:22.600> of<00:13:22.899> course<00:13:23.079> they<00:13:23.290> think<00:13:23.319> they
another and of course they think they
another and of course they think they
have<00:13:23.739> right<00:13:24.100> answers<00:13:24.399> to<00:13:24.519> moral<00:13:24.699> questions
have right answers to moral questions
have right answers to moral questions
because<00:13:25.269> they<00:13:25.389> got<00:13:25.569> these<00:13:25.749> answers<00:13:26.139> from<00:13:26.739> a
because they got these answers from a
because they got these answers from a
voice<00:13:27.129> in<00:13:27.489> a<00:13:27.639> whirlwind<00:13:28.379> okay<00:13:29.379> not<00:13:29.559> because
voice in a whirlwind okay not because
voice in a whirlwind okay not because
they<00:13:29.889> made<00:13:30.040> an<00:13:30.189> intelligent<00:13:30.459> analysis<00:13:31.119> of<00:13:31.239> the
they made an intelligent analysis of the
they made an intelligent analysis of the
causes<00:13:31.779> and<00:13:31.809> condition<00:13:32.319> of<00:13:32.559> human<00:13:33.519> and<00:13:33.639> animal
causes and condition of human and animal
causes and condition of human and animal
well-being<00:13:34.259> and<00:13:35.259> in<00:13:35.319> fact<00:13:35.470> the<00:13:35.649> the<00:13:36.069> endurance
well-being and in fact the the endurance
well-being and in fact the the endurance
of<00:13:36.910> religion<00:13:37.449> as<00:13:37.660> a<00:13:37.689> as<00:13:38.439> a<00:13:38.499> lens<00:13:38.920> through<00:13:39.279> which
of religion as a as a lens through which
of religion as a as a lens through which
most<00:13:39.699> people<00:13:39.999> view<00:13:40.029> moral<00:13:40.779> questions<00:13:41.170> has
most people view moral questions has
most people view moral questions has
separated<00:13:41.920> most<00:13:42.850> moral<00:13:43.269> talk<00:13:43.540> from<00:13:44.379> real
separated most moral talk from real
separated most moral talk from real
questions<00:13:45.850> of<00:13:45.999> human<00:13:46.299> and<00:13:46.420> animal<00:13:46.480> suffering
questions of human and animal suffering
questions of human and animal suffering
this<00:13:49.059> is<00:13:49.239> why<00:13:49.449> we<00:13:49.689> spend<00:13:49.959> our<00:13:50.110> time<00:13:50.139> talking
this is why we spend our time talking
this is why we spend our time talking
about<00:13:50.980> things<00:13:51.220> like<00:13:51.369> gay<00:13:51.489> marriage<00:13:51.910> and<00:13:52.329> not
about things like gay marriage and not
about things like gay marriage and not
about<00:13:53.410> genocide<00:13:54.069> or<00:13:54.759> nuclear<00:13:55.239> proliferation
about genocide or nuclear proliferation
about genocide or nuclear proliferation
or<00:13:56.879> poverty<00:13:57.879> or<00:13:57.999> any<00:13:58.389> other<00:13:58.569> hugely
or poverty or any other hugely
or poverty or any other hugely
consequential<00:13:59.230> issue<00:14:00.119> but<00:14:01.119> the<00:14:01.240> demagogues
consequential issue but the demagogues
consequential issue but the demagogues
are<00:14:02.230> right<00:14:02.410> about<00:14:02.589> one<00:14:02.649> thing<00:14:03.009> we<00:14:03.160> need<00:14:03.490> a
are right about one thing we need a
are right about one thing we need a
universal<00:14:04.749> conception<00:14:05.019> of<00:14:05.259> human<00:14:05.499> values<00:14:07.049> now
universal conception of human values now
universal conception of human values now
what<00:14:08.199> stands<00:14:08.470> in<00:14:08.589> the<00:14:08.679> way<00:14:08.709> of<00:14:08.920> this<00:14:09.069> well<00:14:09.189> one
what stands in the way of this well one
what stands in the way of this well one
thing<00:14:09.549> to<00:14:09.819> notice<00:14:09.999> is<00:14:10.240> that<00:14:10.269> we<00:14:10.449> we<00:14:11.170> do
thing to notice is that we we do
thing to notice is that we we do
something<00:14:11.799> different<00:14:12.220> when<00:14:12.399> talking<00:14:12.639> about
something different when talking about
something different when talking about
morality<00:14:13.240> especially<00:14:13.449> secular<00:14:14.429> academic
morality especially secular academic
morality especially secular academic
scientist<00:14:15.939> types<00:14:16.619> when<00:14:17.619> talking<00:14:17.829> about
scientist types when talking about
scientist types when talking about
morality<00:14:18.399> we<00:14:18.610> value<00:14:19.119> differences<00:14:19.569> of<00:14:19.720> opinion
morality we value differences of opinion
morality we value differences of opinion
in<00:14:20.740> a<00:14:21.069> way<00:14:21.220> that<00:14:21.369> we<00:14:21.459> don't<00:14:21.579> in<00:14:21.759> any<00:14:21.879> other<00:14:22.089> area
in a way that we don't in any other area
in a way that we don't in any other area
of<00:14:22.480> our<00:14:22.569> lives<00:14:22.809> so<00:14:23.049> for<00:14:23.199> instance<00:14:23.529> the<00:14:24.160> Dalai
of our lives so for instance the Dalai
of our lives so for instance the Dalai
Lama<00:14:24.459> gets<00:14:25.269> up<00:14:25.389> every<00:14:25.509> morning<00:14:25.649> meditating<00:14:26.649> on
Lama gets up every morning meditating on
Lama gets up every morning meditating on
compassion<00:14:26.939> and<00:14:27.939> he<00:14:28.149> thinks<00:14:28.360> that<00:14:28.449> helping
compassion and he thinks that helping
compassion and he thinks that helping
other<00:14:28.929> human<00:14:29.019> beings<00:14:29.529> is<00:14:29.649> an<00:14:29.769> integral
other human beings is an integral
other human beings is an integral
component<00:14:30.399> of<00:14:30.879> human<00:14:31.149> happiness<00:14:31.499> yeah<00:14:32.499> on<00:14:32.769> the
component of human happiness yeah on the
component of human happiness yeah on the
other<00:14:33.100> hand<00:14:33.309> we<00:14:33.399> have<00:14:33.519> someone<00:14:33.759> like<00:14:33.879> Ted
other hand we have someone like Ted
other hand we have someone like Ted
Bundy<00:14:34.089> Ted<00:14:34.569> Bundy<00:14:34.779> was<00:14:34.899> very<00:14:35.079> fond<00:14:35.290> of
Bundy Ted Bundy was very fond of
Bundy Ted Bundy was very fond of
abducting<00:14:35.980> and<00:14:36.129> raping<00:14:36.160> and<00:14:36.670> torturing<00:14:36.699> and
abducting and raping and torturing and
abducting and raping and torturing and
killing<00:14:37.269> young<00:14:37.689> women<00:14:38.019> okay<00:14:38.799> so<00:14:38.860> we<00:14:39.339> appear<00:14:39.639> to
killing young women okay so we appear to
killing young women okay so we appear to
have<00:14:39.790> a<00:14:39.879> genuine<00:14:40.269> difference<00:14:40.509> of<00:14:40.749> opinion
have a genuine difference of opinion
have a genuine difference of opinion
about<00:14:41.169> how<00:14:41.290> to<00:14:41.410> profitably<00:14:42.040> use<00:14:42.189> one's<00:14:42.429> time
most<00:14:45.890> Western<00:14:46.550> intellectuals<00:14:47.240> look<00:14:48.110> at<00:14:48.260> this
most Western intellectuals look at this
most Western intellectuals look at this
situation<00:14:48.650> and<00:14:49.250> say<00:14:49.850> well<00:14:50.030> there's<00:14:50.810> nothing
situation and say well there's nothing
situation and say well there's nothing
for<00:14:51.620> the<00:14:51.710> Dalai<00:14:51.890> Lama<00:14:52.130> to<00:14:52.250> be<00:14:52.430> really<00:14:52.730> right
for the Dalai Lama to be really right
for the Dalai Lama to be really right
about<00:14:53.270> really<00:14:53.870> right<00:14:54.080> about<00:14:54.350> or<00:14:54.890> for<00:14:55.070> Ted
about really right about or for Ted
about really right about or for Ted
Bundy<00:14:55.610> to<00:14:55.700> be<00:14:55.820> really<00:14:56.150> wrong<00:14:56.420> about<00:14:56.450> that
Bundy to be really wrong about that
Bundy to be really wrong about that
admits<00:14:57.890> of<00:14:58.250> a<00:14:58.630> of<00:14:59.630> a<00:14:59.810> real<00:15:00.020> argument<00:15:00.530> that
admits of a of a real argument that
admits of a of a real argument that
potentially<00:15:01.850> falls<00:15:02.150> within<00:15:02.870> the<00:15:03.020> purview<00:15:03.230> of
potentially falls within the purview of
potentially falls within the purview of
science<00:15:03.760> okay<00:15:04.760> that<00:15:04.940> we<00:15:05.120> you<00:15:05.210> know<00:15:05.240> he<00:15:05.480> likes
science okay that we you know he likes
science okay that we you know he likes
chocolate
chocolate
chocolate
he<00:15:06.710> likes<00:15:06.920> vanilla<00:15:07.130> there's<00:15:07.580> there's<00:15:07.820> no
he likes vanilla there's there's no
he likes vanilla there's there's no
there's<00:15:08.360> nothing<00:15:08.960> that<00:15:09.080> one<00:15:09.290> should<00:15:09.470> be<00:15:09.590> able
there's nothing that one should be able
there's nothing that one should be able
to<00:15:09.890> say<00:15:10.130> to<00:15:10.160> the<00:15:10.490> other<00:15:10.640> that<00:15:11.480> should<00:15:11.660> persuade
to say to the other that should persuade
to say to the other that should persuade
the<00:15:12.230> other<00:15:12.640> now<00:15:13.640> notice<00:15:13.910> that<00:15:13.940> we<00:15:14.210> don't<00:15:14.510> do
the other now notice that we don't do
the other now notice that we don't do
this<00:15:15.020> in<00:15:15.290> science<00:15:15.920> on<00:15:16.130> the<00:15:16.940> left<00:15:17.120> you<00:15:17.270> have
this in science on the left you have
this in science on the left you have
Edward<00:15:17.660> Witten
Edward Witten
Edward Witten
he's<00:15:18.350> a<00:15:18.800> string<00:15:19.220> theorist<00:15:20.020> if<00:15:21.020> you<00:15:21.140> ask<00:15:21.320> the
he's a string theorist if you ask the
he's a string theorist if you ask the
smartest<00:15:21.950> physicists<00:15:22.580> around<00:15:22.720> who's<00:15:23.720> the
smartest physicists around who's the
smartest physicists around who's the
smartest<00:15:24.260> physicist<00:15:24.740> around<00:15:25.070> in<00:15:25.460> my
smartest physicist around in my
smartest physicist around in my
experience<00:15:26.090> half<00:15:26.300> of<00:15:26.450> them<00:15:26.540> will<00:15:26.660> say<00:15:26.810> ed
experience half of them will say ed
experience half of them will say ed
Witten<00:15:27.640> the<00:15:28.640> other<00:15:28.760> half<00:15:28.940> will<00:15:29.090> tell<00:15:29.210> you<00:15:29.300> they
Witten the other half will tell you they
Witten the other half will tell you they
don't<00:15:29.420> like<00:15:29.690> the<00:15:29.840> question<00:15:33.730> so<00:15:34.730> what<00:15:35.540> would
don't like the question so what would
don't like the question so what would
happen<00:15:36.050> if<00:15:36.170> I<00:15:36.260> showed<00:15:36.530> up<00:15:36.560> at<00:15:36.770> a<00:15:36.800> physics
happen if I showed up at a physics
happen if I showed up at a physics
conference<00:15:37.340> and<00:15:37.790> said<00:15:38.540> string<00:15:38.960> theory<00:15:39.320> is
conference and said string theory is
conference and said string theory is
bogus<00:15:39.830> you<00:15:40.370> know<00:15:40.460> it<00:15:40.550> doesn't<00:15:40.970> resonate<00:15:41.120> with
bogus you know it doesn't resonate with
bogus you know it doesn't resonate with
me<00:15:41.690> it's<00:15:41.900> not<00:15:41.990> how<00:15:42.140> I<00:15:42.200> choose<00:15:42.530> to<00:15:42.770> view<00:15:43.160> the
me it's not how I choose to view the
me it's not how I choose to view the
universe<00:15:43.520> the<00:15:43.850> smallest<00:15:44.120> scale<00:15:44.420> I'm<00:15:44.870> not<00:15:45.320> a
universe the smallest scale I'm not a
universe the smallest scale I'm not a
fan
fan
fan
well<00:15:49.630> well<00:15:50.630> nothing<00:15:50.960> would<00:15:51.140> happen<00:15:51.290> because
well well nothing would happen because
well well nothing would happen because
I'm<00:15:51.770> not<00:15:51.860> a<00:15:51.920> physicist<00:15:52.430> I<00:15:52.610> don't<00:15:52.790> understand
I'm not a physicist I don't understand
I'm not a physicist I don't understand
string<00:15:53.690> theory<00:15:54.020> I'm<00:15:54.260> the<00:15:54.410> Ted<00:15:54.710> Bundy<00:15:55.250> of
string theory I'm the Ted Bundy of
string theory I'm the Ted Bundy of
string<00:15:55.640> theory
string theory
string theory
I<00:15:58.290> wouldn't<00:15:59.290> want<00:15:59.410> to<00:15:59.440> belong<00:15:59.620> to<00:15:59.680> any<00:15:59.860> string
I wouldn't want to belong to any string
I wouldn't want to belong to any string
theory<00:16:00.550> club<00:16:00.760> that<00:16:00.970> would<00:16:01.029> have<00:16:01.089> me<00:16:01.209> as<00:16:01.360> a
theory club that would have me as a
theory club that would have me as a
member<00:16:02.040> okay<00:16:03.040> but<00:16:03.490> this<00:16:03.640> is<00:16:03.790> just<00:16:03.970> the<00:16:04.089> point
member okay but this is just the point
member okay but this is just the point
okay<00:16:04.690> whenever<00:16:04.870> we<00:16:05.440> are<00:16:05.470> talking<00:16:05.770> about<00:16:06.190> facts
okay whenever we are talking about facts
okay whenever we are talking about facts
certain<00:16:07.690> opinions<00:16:08.200> must<00:16:08.709> be<00:16:08.920> excluded<00:16:09.250> that
certain opinions must be excluded that
certain opinions must be excluded that
is<00:16:10.180> what<00:16:10.360> it<00:16:10.450> is<00:16:10.690> to<00:16:10.930> have<00:16:11.080> a<00:16:11.110> domain<00:16:11.500> of
is what it is to have a domain of
is what it is to have a domain of
expertise<00:16:12.160> that<00:16:13.029> is<00:16:13.209> what<00:16:13.360> it<00:16:13.480> is<00:16:13.779> for
expertise that is what it is for
expertise that is what it is for
knowledge<00:16:14.260> to<00:16:14.620> count<00:16:14.940> how<00:16:15.940> have<00:16:16.209> we<00:16:16.240> convinced
knowledge to count how have we convinced
knowledge to count how have we convinced
ourselves<00:16:16.990> that<00:16:17.529> in<00:16:18.220> the<00:16:18.250> moral<00:16:18.339> sphere<00:16:18.820> there
ourselves that in the moral sphere there
ourselves that in the moral sphere there
is<00:16:19.330> no<00:16:19.540> such<00:16:19.839> thing<00:16:20.110> as<00:16:20.290> moral<00:16:20.500> expertise<00:16:21.220> or
is no such thing as moral expertise or
is no such thing as moral expertise or
moral<00:16:22.480> talent<00:16:22.959> or<00:16:23.200> moral<00:16:24.040> genius<00:16:24.459> even<00:16:24.839> how
moral talent or moral genius even how
moral talent or moral genius even how
have<00:16:26.020> we<00:16:26.140> convinced<00:16:26.560> ourselves<00:16:26.680> that<00:16:27.160> every
have we convinced ourselves that every
have we convinced ourselves that every
opinion<00:16:27.730> has<00:16:28.089> to<00:16:28.240> count<00:16:29.010> how<00:16:30.010> have<00:16:30.130> we
opinion has to count how have we
opinion has to count how have we
convinced<00:16:30.520> ourselves<00:16:30.640> that<00:16:31.240> every<00:16:31.570> culture
convinced ourselves that every culture
convinced ourselves that every culture
has<00:16:32.200> a<00:16:32.380> point<00:16:32.740> of<00:16:32.890> view<00:16:33.100> on<00:16:33.310> these<00:16:33.940> subjects
has a point of view on these subjects
has a point of view on these subjects
worth<00:16:35.110> considering<00:16:36.209> does<00:16:37.209> the<00:16:37.360> Taliban<00:16:37.990> have
worth considering does the Taliban have
worth considering does the Taliban have
a<00:16:38.589> point<00:16:38.950> of<00:16:39.100> view<00:16:39.250> on<00:16:39.459> physics<00:16:40.360> that<00:16:40.570> is<00:16:40.600> worth
a point of view on physics that is worth
a point of view on physics that is worth
considering<00:16:42.089> no<00:16:43.089> okay<00:16:43.720> how<00:16:44.320> is<00:16:44.430> how<00:16:45.430> is<00:16:45.459> their
considering no okay how is how is their
considering no okay how is how is their
ignorance<00:16:47.670> how<00:16:48.670> is<00:16:48.850> their<00:16:48.970> ignorance<00:16:49.180> any
ignorance how is their ignorance any
ignorance how is their ignorance any
less<00:16:50.140> obvious<00:16:50.770> on<00:16:51.010> the<00:16:51.089> subject<00:16:52.089> of<00:16:52.209> human
less obvious on the subject of human
less obvious on the subject of human
well-being
so<00:16:59.910> so<00:17:00.360> this<00:17:00.540> I<00:17:00.720> think<00:17:00.990> is<00:17:01.320> what<00:17:01.500> the<00:17:01.620> world
so so this I think is what the world
so so this I think is what the world
needs<00:17:01.860> now<00:17:02.360> it<00:17:03.360> needs<00:17:03.570> people<00:17:03.779> like<00:17:04.199> ourselves
needs now it needs people like ourselves
needs now it needs people like ourselves
to<00:17:05.300> admit<00:17:06.300> that<00:17:06.959> there<00:17:07.170> are<00:17:07.199> right<00:17:07.319> and<00:17:07.679> wrong
to admit that there are right and wrong
to admit that there are right and wrong
answers<00:17:08.179> to<00:17:09.179> questions<00:17:09.600> of<00:17:09.720> human
answers to questions of human
answers to questions of human
flourishing<00:17:10.199> and<00:17:10.650> morality<00:17:11.520> relates<00:17:12.480> to<00:17:13.470> that
flourishing and morality relates to that
flourishing and morality relates to that
domain<00:17:14.040> of<00:17:14.189> facts<00:17:15.050> it<00:17:16.050> is<00:17:16.199> possible<00:17:16.829> for
domain of facts it is possible for
domain of facts it is possible for
individuals<00:17:18.449> and<00:17:18.720> even<00:17:19.199> for<00:17:19.500> whole<00:17:19.679> cultures
individuals and even for whole cultures
individuals and even for whole cultures
to<00:17:21.179> care<00:17:21.569> about<00:17:21.870> the<00:17:22.140> wrong<00:17:22.350> things<00:17:22.970> which<00:17:23.970> is
to care about the wrong things which is
to care about the wrong things which is
to<00:17:24.150> say<00:17:24.300> it's<00:17:24.449> possible<00:17:24.689> for<00:17:25.140> them<00:17:25.230> to<00:17:25.260> have
to say it's possible for them to have
to say it's possible for them to have
beliefs<00:17:25.829> and<00:17:26.069> desires<00:17:26.220> that<00:17:27.179> reliably<00:17:27.809> lead
beliefs and desires that reliably lead
beliefs and desires that reliably lead
to<00:17:28.620> needless<00:17:28.860> human<00:17:29.400> suffering<00:17:30.230> just
to needless human suffering just
to needless human suffering just
admitting<00:17:31.800> this<00:17:32.010> will<00:17:32.760> transform<00:17:33.330> our
admitting this will transform our
admitting this will transform our
discourse<00:17:34.110> about<00:17:34.290> morality<00:17:34.940> okay<00:17:35.940> we<00:17:36.120> live<00:17:36.510> in
discourse about morality okay we live in
discourse about morality okay we live in
it<00:17:36.750> in<00:17:36.900> a<00:17:37.020> in<00:17:37.290> a<00:17:37.410> world<00:17:37.830> in<00:17:38.130> which<00:17:38.160> the
it in a in a world in which the
it in a in a world in which the
boundaries<00:17:39.270> between<00:17:39.450> nations<00:17:40.110> mean<00:17:40.620> less<00:17:40.830> and
boundaries between nations mean less and
boundaries between nations mean less and
less<00:17:41.160> and<00:17:41.429> they<00:17:41.490> will<00:17:41.610> one<00:17:41.760> day<00:17:41.940> mean<00:17:42.120> nothing
less and they will one day mean nothing
less and they will one day mean nothing
we<00:17:44.250> live<00:17:44.400> in<00:17:44.490> a<00:17:44.550> world<00:17:44.670> filled<00:17:45.090> with
we live in a world filled with
we live in a world filled with
destructive<00:17:45.809> technology<00:17:46.530> and<00:17:46.740> this
destructive technology and this
destructive technology and this
technology<00:17:47.490> cannot<00:17:48.030> be<00:17:48.240> uninvented<00:17:48.870> it<00:17:49.020> will
technology cannot be uninvented it will
technology cannot be uninvented it will
always<00:17:49.830> be<00:17:50.010> easier<00:17:50.400> to<00:17:51.179> break<00:17:51.480> things<00:17:51.750> than<00:17:52.230> to
always be easier to break things than to
always be easier to break things than to
fix<00:17:52.590> them<00:17:53.090> it<00:17:54.090> seems<00:17:54.360> to<00:17:54.480> me<00:17:54.570> therefore
fix them it seems to me therefore
fix them it seems to me therefore
patently<00:17:55.500> obvious<00:17:55.590> that<00:17:56.250> we<00:17:56.760> can<00:17:56.910> no<00:17:57.120> more
respect<00:18:01.260> and<00:18:01.590> tolerate<00:18:02.220> vast<00:18:02.940> differences<00:18:03.720> in
respect and tolerate vast differences in
respect and tolerate vast differences in
in<00:18:04.890> notions<00:18:05.460> of<00:18:05.520> human<00:18:05.790> wellbeing<00:18:05.970> then<00:18:06.360> then
in notions of human wellbeing then then
in notions of human wellbeing then then
we<00:18:06.720> can<00:18:06.870> respect<00:18:07.530> or<00:18:07.679> tolerate<00:18:08.190> vast
we can respect or tolerate vast
we can respect or tolerate vast
differences<00:18:09.120> in<00:18:09.450> the<00:18:09.900> notions<00:18:10.260> about<00:18:10.380> how
differences in the notions about how
differences in the notions about how
disease<00:18:11.010> spreads<00:18:11.040> or<00:18:11.760> in<00:18:12.480> the<00:18:12.570> in<00:18:12.690> the<00:18:12.780> safety
disease spreads or in the in the safety
disease spreads or in the in the safety
standards<00:18:13.800> of<00:18:13.980> buildings<00:18:14.400> and<00:18:14.550> airplanes<00:18:14.970> we
standards of buildings and airplanes we
standards of buildings and airplanes we
simply<00:18:16.050> must<00:18:16.350> converge<00:18:17.040> on<00:18:17.450> the<00:18:18.450> answers<00:18:18.809> we
simply must converge on the answers we
simply must converge on the answers we
give<00:18:19.200> to<00:18:19.380> the<00:18:19.470> most<00:18:19.590> important<00:18:20.130> questions<00:18:20.520> in
give to the most important questions in
give to the most important questions in
human<00:18:20.669> life<00:18:21.059> and<00:18:21.679> to<00:18:22.679> do<00:18:22.860> that<00:18:23.100> we<00:18:23.790> have<00:18:24.059> to
human life and to do that we have to
human life and to do that we have to
admit<00:18:24.570> that<00:18:24.990> these<00:18:25.169> questions<00:18:25.620> have<00:18:25.890> answers
admit that these questions have answers
admit that these questions have answers
thank<00:18:28.050> you<00:18:28.140> very<00:18:28.290> much
thank<00:18:37.120> you
go<00:18:47.290> ahead<00:18:47.470> of<00:18:47.530> us<00:18:47.650> sir
so<00:18:52.570> some<00:18:53.670> combustible<00:18:54.670> material<00:18:55.540> there<00:18:55.720> yeah
so some combustible material there yeah
so some combustible material there yeah
whether<00:18:57.220> in<00:18:57.400> this<00:18:57.550> audience<00:18:57.820> or<00:18:58.150> people
whether in this audience or people
whether in this audience or people
elsewhere<00:18:59.110> in<00:18:59.170> the<00:18:59.260> world<00:18:59.380> hearing<00:18:59.800> some<00:18:59.950> of
elsewhere in the world hearing some of
elsewhere in the world hearing some of
this<00:19:00.160> they've<00:19:00.790> all<00:19:00.940> be<00:19:01.090> doing<00:19:01.330> the<00:19:01.480> screaming
this they've all be doing the screaming
this they've all be doing the screaming
with<00:19:02.020> rage<00:19:02.050> thing<00:19:02.560> all<00:19:02.920> right<00:19:03.040> there<00:19:03.220> as<00:19:03.310> well
with rage thing all right there as well
with rage thing all right there as well
some<00:19:03.850> of<00:19:03.880> them<00:19:05.760> language<00:19:06.760> seems<00:19:07.000> to<00:19:07.120> be<00:19:07.180> is
some of them language seems to be is
some of them language seems to be is
really<00:19:07.330> important<00:19:07.750> here<00:19:07.870> you<00:19:07.930> do<00:19:08.260> when<00:19:08.650> you
really important here you do when you
really important here you do when you
talk<00:19:09.010> about<00:19:09.210> the<00:19:10.210> veil<00:19:10.390> you're<00:19:10.690> talking<00:19:10.930> about
talk about the veil you're talking about
talk about the veil you're talking about
women<00:19:11.860> dressed<00:19:12.100> in<00:19:12.280> cloth<00:19:12.460> bags<00:19:12.790> you<00:19:13.750> know
women dressed in cloth bags you know
women dressed in cloth bags you know
I've<00:19:14.350> lived<00:19:14.620> in<00:19:14.800> the<00:19:14.950> Muslim<00:19:15.250> world<00:19:15.280> spoken
I've lived in the Muslim world spoken
I've lived in the Muslim world spoken
with<00:19:15.970> a<00:19:16.000> lot<00:19:16.150> of<00:19:16.330> Muslim<00:19:17.260> women<00:19:17.290> and<00:19:17.710> some<00:19:17.860> of
with a lot of Muslim women and some of
with a lot of Muslim women and some of
them<00:19:18.100> would<00:19:18.190> say<00:19:18.400> something<00:19:18.640> else<00:19:19.000> they<00:19:19.240> would
them would say something else they would
them would say something else they would
say<00:19:19.860> no<00:19:20.860> you<00:19:21.220> know<00:19:21.340> this<00:19:21.730> is<00:19:21.820> a<00:19:21.850> celebration<00:19:22.330> of
say no you know this is a celebration of
say no you know this is a celebration of
female<00:19:24.220> specialness<00:19:25.000> it<00:19:25.210> helps<00:19:25.420> build<00:19:25.600> that
female specialness it helps build that
female specialness it helps build that
and<00:19:25.960> it's<00:19:26.110> an<00:19:26.260> expression<00:19:26.590> it's<00:19:26.800> a<00:19:26.920> result<00:19:27.250> of
and it's an expression it's a result of
and it's an expression it's a result of
the<00:19:27.520> fact<00:19:27.640> that<00:19:27.850> and<00:19:28.210> is<00:19:28.870> arguably<00:19:29.200> a
the fact that and is arguably a
the fact that and is arguably a
sophisticated<00:19:30.100> psychological<00:19:30.340> view<00:19:31.090> that
sophisticated psychological view that
sophisticated psychological view that
male<00:19:31.660> lust<00:19:31.990> is<00:19:32.350> not<00:19:32.590> to<00:19:32.950> be<00:19:33.070> trusted
male lust is not to be trusted
male lust is not to be trusted
ROH<00:19:34.180> I<00:19:34.390> mean<00:19:34.690> can<00:19:34.900> you<00:19:34.930> engage<00:19:35.230> in<00:19:35.830> a
ROH I mean can you engage in a
ROH I mean can you engage in a
conversation<00:19:36.300> with<00:19:37.300> that<00:19:37.450> kind<00:19:37.840> of<00:19:37.990> woman
conversation with that kind of woman
conversation with that kind of woman
without<00:19:38.920> seeing<00:19:39.580> kind<00:19:40.240> of<00:19:40.300> cultural
without seeing kind of cultural
without seeing kind of cultural
imperialist<00:19:41.790> yeah<00:19:42.790> well<00:19:42.970> I<00:19:43.000> think<00:19:43.300> this<00:19:43.780> is<00:19:43.900> I
imperialist yeah well I think this is I
imperialist yeah well I think this is I
tried<00:19:44.380> to<00:19:44.470> broach<00:19:44.650> this<00:19:44.920> in<00:19:45.070> a<00:19:45.160> sentence
tried to broach this in a sentence
tried to broach this in a sentence
watching<00:19:46.150> the<00:19:46.240> clock<00:19:46.420> ticking<00:19:46.720> but<00:19:47.020> the<00:19:47.760> the
watching the clock ticking but the the
watching the clock ticking but the the
question<00:19:49.150> is<00:19:49.300> what<00:19:49.690> is<00:19:49.900> voluntary<00:19:50.530> in<00:19:50.860> a
question is what is voluntary in a
question is what is voluntary in a
context<00:19:51.670> where<00:19:52.320> men<00:19:53.320> have<00:19:53.590> certain
context where men have certain
context where men have certain
expectations<00:19:54.640> and<00:19:54.790> certain<00:19:55.470> and<00:19:56.470> you're
expectations and certain and you're
expectations and certain and you're
guaranteed<00:19:57.220> to<00:19:57.400> be<00:19:57.490> treated<00:19:57.880> in<00:19:58.060> a<00:19:58.150> certain
guaranteed to be treated in a certain
guaranteed to be treated in a certain
way<00:19:58.600> if<00:19:59.470> you<00:19:59.650> don't<00:19:59.770> veil<00:20:00.040> yourself<00:20:00.190> and<00:20:00.580> so<00:20:00.640> if
way if you don't veil yourself and so if
way if you don't veil yourself and so if
anyone<00:20:01.300> in<00:20:01.540> this<00:20:01.660> room<00:20:01.890> wanted<00:20:02.890> to<00:20:03.100> wear<00:20:03.940> a
anyone in this room wanted to wear a
anyone in this room wanted to wear a
veil<00:20:04.240> or<00:20:04.600> a<00:20:04.750> very<00:20:05.290> funny<00:20:05.590> hat<00:20:05.860> or<00:20:06.130> tattoo<00:20:07.090> their
veil or a very funny hat or tattoo their
veil or a very funny hat or tattoo their
faces<00:20:07.720> or<00:20:07.810> do<00:20:07.870> I<00:20:07.900> think<00:20:08.260> we<00:20:08.500> should<00:20:08.530> be<00:20:08.740> free<00:20:09.040> to
faces or do I think we should be free to
faces or do I think we should be free to
voluntarily<00:20:09.790> do<00:20:10.000> whatever<00:20:10.150> we<00:20:10.360> want<00:20:10.600> but<00:20:10.750> we
voluntarily do whatever we want but we
voluntarily do whatever we want but we
have<00:20:10.990> to<00:20:11.110> be<00:20:11.230> honest<00:20:11.650> about<00:20:12.390> the<00:20:13.390> constraints
have to be honest about the constraints
have to be honest about the constraints
that<00:20:14.080> these<00:20:14.350> women<00:20:14.500> are<00:20:14.680> placed<00:20:14.920> under<00:20:15.070> and
that these women are placed under and
that these women are placed under and
and<00:20:15.520> so<00:20:15.640> I<00:20:15.700> think<00:20:15.910> we<00:20:16.120> shouldn't<00:20:16.360> be<00:20:16.770> so<00:20:17.770> eager
and so I think we shouldn't be so eager
and so I think we shouldn't be so eager
to<00:20:18.280> always<00:20:19.240> take<00:20:19.420> their<00:20:19.570> word<00:20:19.720> for<00:20:19.750> it
to always take their word for it
to always take their word for it
especially<00:20:20.380> and<00:20:20.860> when<00:20:21.130> it's<00:20:21.250> 120<00:20:21.820> degrees<00:20:22.090> out
especially and when it's 120 degrees out
especially and when it's 120 degrees out
and<00:20:22.330> you're<00:20:22.720> you're<00:20:23.080> wearing<00:20:23.470> a<00:20:23.590> full<00:20:23.770> burqa<00:20:23.980> a
and you're you're wearing a full burqa a
and you're you're wearing a full burqa a
lot<00:20:25.570> of<00:20:25.660> people<00:20:25.960> you<00:20:26.230> know<00:20:26.260> want<00:20:26.560> to<00:20:26.680> believe
lot of people you know want to believe
lot of people you know want to believe
in<00:20:27.040> this<00:20:27.130> this<00:20:27.340> concept<00:20:27.730> of<00:20:27.820> moral<00:20:28.210> progress
in this this concept of moral progress
in this this concept of moral progress
but<00:20:29.740> can<00:20:29.920> you<00:20:30.040> reconcile<00:20:30.760> that<00:20:30.790> I<00:20:31.000> think<00:20:31.330> I
but can you reconcile that I think I
but can you reconcile that I think I
understood<00:20:31.810> you<00:20:31.930> to<00:20:31.990> say<00:20:32.050> that<00:20:32.440> you<00:20:32.830> could
understood you to say that you could
understood you to say that you could
reconcile<00:20:34.360> that<00:20:34.540> with<00:20:34.600> the<00:20:35.200> world<00:20:35.410> that
reconcile that with the world that
reconcile that with the world that
doesn't<00:20:35.710> become<00:20:36.030> one-dimensional<00:20:37.030> well<00:20:37.150> we
doesn't become one-dimensional well we
doesn't become one-dimensional well we
all<00:20:37.390> have<00:20:37.570> to<00:20:37.810> think<00:20:38.410> the<00:20:38.530> same<00:20:38.560> paint<00:20:39.310> your
all have to think the same paint your
all have to think the same paint your
picture<00:20:39.640> of<00:20:40.000> what<00:20:40.210> you<00:20:40.930> know<00:20:41.020> rolling<00:20:41.410> the
picture of what you know rolling the
picture of what you know rolling the
clock<00:20:42.190> 50<00:20:42.670> years<00:20:42.790> forward<00:20:43.060> 100<00:20:43.690> years<00:20:43.870> forward
clock 50 years forward 100 years forward
clock 50 years forward 100 years forward
how<00:20:45.070> you<00:20:45.130> would<00:20:45.340> like<00:20:45.490> to<00:20:45.640> think<00:20:45.940> of<00:20:46.120> the<00:20:46.780> world
how you would like to think of the world
how you would like to think of the world
balancing<00:20:47.710> moral<00:20:48.490> progress<00:20:48.640> with<00:20:49.060> richness
balancing moral progress with richness
balancing moral progress with richness
well<00:20:51.460> I<00:20:51.490> think<00:20:51.990> once<00:20:52.990> you<00:20:53.080> admit<00:20:53.560> that<00:20:53.800> we<00:20:54.130> are
well I think once you admit that we are
well I think once you admit that we are
on<00:20:54.490> path<00:20:54.910> toward<00:20:55.420> understanding<00:20:56.380> our<00:20:56.500> minds
on path toward understanding our minds
on path toward understanding our minds
at<00:20:56.890> the<00:20:56.980> level<00:20:57.220> of<00:20:57.280> the<00:20:57.370> brain<00:20:57.490> in<00:20:57.820> some
at the level of the brain in some
at the level of the brain in some
important<00:20:59.080> detail<00:20:59.410> then
important detail then
important detail then
you<00:21:00.790> have<00:21:01.060> to<00:21:01.300> admit<00:21:01.570> that<00:21:01.630> that<00:21:02.280> we<00:21:03.280> are<00:21:03.370> going
you have to admit that that we are going
you have to admit that that we are going
to<00:21:03.550> understand<00:21:04.030> all<00:21:04.870> of<00:21:05.110> the<00:21:05.200> positive<00:21:05.740> and
to understand all of the positive and
to understand all of the positive and
negative<00:21:06.490> qualities<00:21:07.210> of<00:21:07.840> ourselves<00:21:07.990> in<00:21:08.710> much
negative qualities of ourselves in much
negative qualities of ourselves in much
greater<00:21:08.950> detail<00:21:09.340> so<00:21:09.610> we're<00:21:09.730> going<00:21:09.820> to
greater detail so we're going to
greater detail so we're going to
understand<00:21:10.270> positive<00:21:10.840> social<00:21:11.050> emotion<00:21:11.650> like
understand positive social emotion like
understand positive social emotion like
empathy<00:21:12.430> and<00:21:12.700> compassion<00:21:12.910> and<00:21:13.420> we're<00:21:14.080> going
empathy and compassion and we're going
empathy and compassion and we're going
to<00:21:14.260> understand<00:21:14.620> the<00:21:14.740> factors<00:21:15.160> that<00:21:15.190> encourage
to understand the factors that encourage
to understand the factors that encourage
it<00:21:15.880> whether<00:21:16.120> they're<00:21:16.330> genetic<00:21:16.870> whether
it whether they're genetic whether
it whether they're genetic whether
they're<00:21:17.640> how<00:21:18.640> people<00:21:18.940> talk<00:21:19.150> to<00:21:19.300> one<00:21:19.450> another
they're how people talk to one another
they're how people talk to one another
whether<00:21:19.870> they're<00:21:20.080> economic<00:21:20.620> systems<00:21:21.010> and
whether they're economic systems and
whether they're economic systems and
insofar<00:21:22.180> as<00:21:22.390> we<00:21:22.570> begin<00:21:22.780> to<00:21:22.900> shine<00:21:23.140> light<00:21:23.440> on
insofar as we begin to shine light on
insofar as we begin to shine light on
that<00:21:23.860> we<00:21:24.790> are<00:21:24.910> inevitably<00:21:25.330> going<00:21:25.390> to<00:21:25.600> converge
that we are inevitably going to converge
that we are inevitably going to converge
on<00:21:26.500> on<00:21:27.130> that<00:21:27.760> fact<00:21:28.060> space<00:21:28.300> so<00:21:28.960> everything<00:21:29.560> is
on on that fact space so everything is
on on that fact space so everything is
not<00:21:29.830> going<00:21:30.010> to<00:21:30.070> be<00:21:30.160> up<00:21:30.250> for<00:21:30.430> grabs<00:21:30.670> it's<00:21:30.970> not
not going to be up for grabs it's not
not going to be up for grabs it's not
going<00:21:31.210> to<00:21:31.270> be<00:21:31.420> like<00:21:31.780> you<00:21:32.380> know<00:21:32.520> veiling<00:21:33.520> my
going to be like you know veiling my
going to be like you know veiling my
daughter<00:21:33.970> from<00:21:34.300> birth<00:21:34.570> is<00:21:34.950> just<00:21:35.950> as<00:21:36.130> good<00:21:36.340> as
daughter from birth is just as good as
daughter from birth is just as good as
as<00:21:37.590> teaching<00:21:38.590> her<00:21:38.770> to<00:21:39.270> be<00:21:40.270> confident<00:21:40.960> and<00:21:41.200> and
as teaching her to be confident and and
as teaching her to be confident and and
well-educated<00:21:42.640> in<00:21:43.120> the<00:21:43.180> context<00:21:43.660> of<00:21:43.750> men<00:21:43.990> who
well-educated in the context of men who
well-educated in the context of men who
do<00:21:44.440> desire<00:21:45.010> women<00:21:45.280> you<00:21:45.670> know<00:21:45.760> so<00:21:45.910> it's<00:21:46.060> it's
do desire women you know so it's it's
do desire women you know so it's it's
it's<00:21:46.450> we<00:21:46.990> oh<00:21:47.020> I<00:21:47.110> don't<00:21:47.710> think<00:21:47.830> we<00:21:48.040> need<00:21:48.130> an<00:21:48.280> NSF
it's we oh I don't think we need an NSF
it's we oh I don't think we need an NSF
grant<00:21:49.210> to<00:21:49.270> know<00:21:49.540> that<00:21:49.810> veiling<00:21:50.260> compulsory
grant to know that veiling compulsory
grant to know that veiling compulsory
veiling<00:21:51.220> is<00:21:51.610> a<00:21:51.670> bad<00:21:51.940> idea<00:21:52.090> but<00:21:52.990> at<00:21:53.290> a<00:21:53.410> certain
veiling is a bad idea but at a certain
veiling is a bad idea but at a certain
point<00:21:53.980> we're<00:21:54.790> going<00:21:54.880> to<00:21:54.940> be<00:21:55.030> able<00:21:55.090> to<00:21:55.210> scan<00:21:55.510> the
point we're going to be able to scan the
point we're going to be able to scan the
brains<00:21:55.930> of<00:21:56.170> everyone<00:21:56.530> involved<00:21:56.770> and<00:21:57.190> actually
brains of everyone involved and actually
brains of everyone involved and actually
interrogate<00:21:59.410> them<00:22:00.070> you<00:22:00.340> know<00:22:00.430> I<00:22:00.460> mean<00:22:00.670> do
interrogate them you know I mean do
interrogate them you know I mean do
people<00:22:01.270> love<00:22:01.480> their<00:22:01.780> daughters<00:22:02.490> just<00:22:03.490> as<00:22:03.640> much
people love their daughters just as much
people love their daughters just as much
in<00:22:04.180> these<00:22:04.450> in<00:22:04.750> these<00:22:04.870> systems<00:22:05.340> and<00:22:06.340> I<00:22:06.430> think<00:22:06.670> I
in these in these systems and I think I
in these in these systems and I think I
think<00:22:06.970> they're<00:22:07.090> right<00:22:07.240> clearly<00:22:07.600> right
think they're right clearly right
think they're right clearly right
answers<00:22:08.170> to<00:22:08.200> that<00:22:08.440> and<00:22:08.500> if<00:22:08.680> the<00:22:08.800> results<00:22:09.160> come
answers to that and if the results come
answers to that and if the results come
out<00:22:09.460> that<00:22:09.670> actually<00:22:09.820> they<00:22:10.600> do<00:22:10.660> are<00:22:11.530> you
out that actually they do are you
out that actually they do are you
prepared<00:22:11.980> to<00:22:12.040> shift<00:22:12.310> your<00:22:12.750> instinctive
prepared to shift your instinctive
prepared to shift your instinctive
current<00:22:14.290> judgment<00:22:14.800> on<00:22:14.920> some<00:22:15.250> of<00:22:15.310> these<00:22:15.400> issues
current judgment on some of these issues
current judgment on some of these issues
well<00:22:16.510> yeah<00:22:16.740> modulo<00:22:17.740> one<00:22:18.430> obvious<00:22:18.820> fact<00:22:19.060> that
well yeah modulo one obvious fact that
well yeah modulo one obvious fact that
you<00:22:19.360> can<00:22:19.540> love<00:22:19.810> someone<00:22:20.290> in<00:22:21.130> the<00:22:21.340> context<00:22:21.970> of<00:22:22.090> a
you can love someone in the context of a
you can love someone in the context of a
truly<00:22:22.600> delusional<00:22:23.290> belief<00:22:23.680> system<00:22:24.040> so<00:22:24.070> that
truly delusional belief system so that
truly delusional belief system so that
you<00:22:24.340> can<00:22:24.490> say<00:22:24.640> like<00:22:24.670> because<00:22:25.030> I<00:22:25.540> I<00:22:25.570> knew<00:22:26.140> my<00:22:26.290> gay
you can say like because I I knew my gay
you can say like because I I knew my gay
son<00:22:26.530> was<00:22:26.980> going<00:22:27.130> to<00:22:27.190> go<00:22:27.280> to<00:22:27.310> hell<00:22:27.610> if<00:22:27.970> he<00:22:28.000> if<00:22:28.600> he
son was going to go to hell if he if he
son was going to go to hell if he if he
found<00:22:28.960> a<00:22:29.110> boyfriend<00:22:29.320> I<00:22:29.710> chopped<00:22:30.010> his<00:22:30.160> head<00:22:30.190> off
found a boyfriend I chopped his head off
found a boyfriend I chopped his head off
and<00:22:30.550> that<00:22:30.910> was<00:22:31.060> the<00:22:31.120> most<00:22:31.270> compassionate
and that was the most compassionate
and that was the most compassionate
thing<00:22:31.870> I<00:22:31.990> can<00:22:32.140> do<00:22:32.260> if<00:22:32.830> you<00:22:32.980> get<00:22:33.070> all<00:22:33.220> those
thing I can do if you get all those
thing I can do if you get all those
parts<00:22:33.790> aligned<00:22:34.120> yes<00:22:34.780> I<00:22:35.050> think<00:22:35.290> you<00:22:35.350> could
parts aligned yes I think you could
parts aligned yes I think you could
probably<00:22:35.560> be<00:22:35.920> feeling<00:22:36.370> the<00:22:36.490> emotion<00:22:36.880> of<00:22:36.940> love
probably be feeling the emotion of love
probably be feeling the emotion of love
but<00:22:37.900> again<00:22:38.140> then<00:22:38.320> we<00:22:38.440> have<00:22:38.590> to<00:22:38.740> talk<00:22:38.890> about
but again then we have to talk about
but again then we have to talk about
well-being<00:22:39.460> in<00:22:40.000> a<00:22:40.090> larger<00:22:40.390> context<00:22:40.870> you<00:22:41.320> know
well-being in a larger context you know
well-being in a larger context you know
it's<00:22:42.160> all<00:22:42.340> of<00:22:42.490> us<00:22:42.550> in<00:22:42.790> this<00:22:42.880> together<00:22:43.210> it's<00:22:43.450> not
it's all of us in this together it's not
it's all of us in this together it's not
one<00:22:45.240> man<00:22:46.240> feeling<00:22:46.750> ecstasy<00:22:47.260> and<00:22:47.470> then<00:22:47.560> blowing
one man feeling ecstasy and then blowing
one man feeling ecstasy and then blowing
himself<00:22:48.010> up<00:22:48.280> on<00:22:48.430> a<00:22:48.460> bus<00:22:49.110> some<00:22:50.110> this<00:22:50.260> is<00:22:50.350> a
himself up on a bus some this is a
himself up on a bus some this is a
conversation<00:22:50.740> I<00:22:51.100> would<00:22:51.340> actually<00:22:51.520> love<00:22:51.790> to
conversation I would actually love to
conversation I would actually love to
continue<00:22:52.660> for<00:22:52.870> hours<00:22:53.140> we<00:22:53.590> don't<00:22:53.710> have<00:22:53.950> that
continue for hours we don't have that
continue for hours we don't have that
layout<00:22:54.520> if<00:22:54.640> you<00:22:54.700> know<00:22:54.790> the<00:22:54.850> time<00:22:55.000> thank<00:22:55.240> you
layout if you know the time thank you
layout if you know the time thank you
that<00:22:55.540> means<00:22:55.630> that<00:22:55.900> really<00:22:56.140> an<00:22:56.290> archaic
what<00:23:11.100> does<00:23:11.250> a<00:23:11.280> machine<00:23:11.490> know<00:23:12.210> about<00:23:12.510> itself
what does a machine know about itself
what does a machine know about itself
can<00:23:14.370> it<00:23:14.400> know<00:23:14.640> when<00:23:14.820> it<00:23:14.940> needs<00:23:15.150> to<00:23:15.240> be<00:23:15.300> repaired
can it know when it needs to be repaired
can it know when it needs to be repaired
and<00:23:16.590> when<00:23:16.770> it<00:23:16.860> doesn't<00:23:17.540> in<00:23:18.540> industries<00:23:19.050> like
and when it doesn't in industries like
and when it doesn't in industries like
manufacturing<00:23:19.440> and<00:23:20.130> energy<00:23:20.280> they're<00:23:21.090> using
manufacturing and energy they're using
manufacturing and energy they're using
predictive<00:23:21.630> analytics<00:23:22.350> to<00:23:22.560> detect<00:23:22.920> signs<00:23:23.250> of
predictive analytics to detect signs of
predictive analytics to detect signs of
trouble<00:23:23.810> helping<00:23:24.810> some<00:23:25.050> companies<00:23:25.230> save
trouble helping some companies save
trouble helping some companies save
millions<00:23:26.130> on<00:23:26.460> maintenance<00:23:26.760> because<00:23:27.720> machines
millions on maintenance because machines
millions on maintenance because machines
seek<00:23:28.380> help<00:23:28.620> before<00:23:28.950> they're<00:23:29.340> broken<00:23:29.550> and
seek help before they're broken and
seek help before they're broken and
don't<00:23:30.630> when<00:23:31.110> they're<00:23:31.230> not<00:23:31.380> that's<00:23:32.160> what<00:23:32.340> I'm
don't when they're not that's what I'm
don't when they're not that's what I'm
working<00:23:32.670> on<00:23:32.880> I'm<00:23:33.510> an<00:23:33.630> IBM<00:23:33.990> er<00:23:34.020> let's<00:23:34.530> build<00:23:34.770> a
working on I'm an IBM er let's build a
working on I'm an IBM er let's build a
smarter<00:23:35.220> planet
Sam Harris, morality, ethics, moral, philosophy, philosophy, ethical, right, vs., wrong, wrong, right, Sam, Harris, TED, TED, Talk, TEDTalk, TED-Ed, TEDEducation, Ed
