Natural pest control ... using bugs! - Shimon Steinberg
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i'm<00:00:15.839> a<00:00:16.240> bug<00:00:16.480> lover<00:00:17.039> myself<00:00:17.680> not<00:00:17.920> from
i'm a bug lover myself not from
i'm a bug lover myself not from
childhood<00:00:18.880> by<00:00:19.039> the<00:00:19.199> way<00:00:19.600> but<00:00:19.920> rather<00:00:20.240> late
childhood by the way but rather late
childhood by the way but rather late
uh<00:00:21.600> when<00:00:21.760> i<00:00:22.320> bachelored<00:00:22.960> a<00:00:23.519> major<00:00:23.840> in<00:00:24.080> zoology
uh when i bachelored a major in zoology
uh when i bachelored a major in zoology
in<00:00:24.640> tel<00:00:24.800> aviv<00:00:25.119> university<00:00:26.160> i<00:00:26.400> kind<00:00:26.560> of<00:00:26.880> fell<00:00:27.119> in
in tel aviv university i kind of fell in
in tel aviv university i kind of fell in
love<00:00:27.359> with<00:00:27.599> bugs<00:00:28.240> and<00:00:28.400> then<00:00:28.640> within<00:00:29.039> zoology<00:00:29.599> i
love with bugs and then within zoology i
love with bugs and then within zoology i
took<00:00:30.000> the<00:00:30.320> course<00:00:30.640> of<00:00:30.800> the<00:00:30.880> discipline<00:00:31.439> of
took the course of the discipline of
took the course of the discipline of
entomology<00:00:33.200> the<00:00:33.440> science
entomology the science
entomology the science
of<00:00:34.880> insects
of insects
of insects
and<00:00:36.000> then<00:00:36.160> i<00:00:36.320> thought<00:00:36.880> myself<00:00:37.600> how<00:00:37.760> can<00:00:38.000> i<00:00:38.079> be
and then i thought myself how can i be
and then i thought myself how can i be
practical<00:00:39.200> or<00:00:39.600> or<00:00:40.079> help<00:00:40.800> in<00:00:40.960> the<00:00:41.120> science<00:00:41.360> of
practical or or help in the science of
practical or or help in the science of
entomology<00:00:42.480> and<00:00:42.640> then<00:00:42.800> i<00:00:42.960> moved<00:00:43.200> to<00:00:43.280> the<00:00:43.440> world
entomology and then i moved to the world
entomology and then i moved to the world
of<00:00:44.239> plant<00:00:44.640> protection<00:00:45.680> plant<00:00:46.000> protection
of plant protection plant protection
of plant protection plant protection
from<00:00:47.600> insects<00:00:48.239> from<00:00:48.800> bedbugs
from insects from bedbugs
from insects from bedbugs
and<00:00:50.320> then<00:00:50.879> within<00:00:51.280> plant<00:00:51.600> protection<00:00:52.559> i<00:00:52.879> came
and then within plant protection i came
and then within plant protection i came
into<00:00:53.520> the<00:00:53.600> discipline<00:00:54.239> of<00:00:54.640> biological<00:00:55.680> pest
into the discipline of biological pest
into the discipline of biological pest
control<00:00:56.719> which<00:00:56.960> we<00:00:57.199> actually<00:00:57.520> define
control which we actually define
control which we actually define
as<00:00:59.199> the<00:00:59.440> use<00:00:59.760> of<00:01:00.079> living<00:01:00.480> organisms<00:01:01.600> to<00:01:01.760> reduce
as the use of living organisms to reduce
as the use of living organisms to reduce
populations<00:01:03.840> of<00:01:04.080> noxious<00:01:04.799> plant<00:01:05.199> pests<00:01:05.920> so
populations of noxious plant pests so
populations of noxious plant pests so
it's<00:01:06.320> a<00:01:06.479> whole<00:01:06.880> discipline<00:01:07.760> in<00:01:07.920> plant
it's a whole discipline in plant
it's a whole discipline in plant
protection<00:01:09.119> that<00:01:09.600> aiming<00:01:10.320> at<00:01:10.560> reduction<00:01:11.520> of
protection that aiming at reduction of
protection that aiming at reduction of
chemicals
chemicals
chemicals
and<00:01:13.520> biological<00:01:14.000> pest<00:01:14.159> control<00:01:14.560> by<00:01:14.720> the<00:01:14.799> way
and biological pest control by the way
and biological pest control by the way
or<00:01:15.439> these<00:01:15.920> good<00:01:16.159> bugs<00:01:16.640> that<00:01:16.799> we<00:01:16.960> are<00:01:17.040> talking
or these good bugs that we are talking
or these good bugs that we are talking
about<00:01:18.159> they<00:01:18.400> exist<00:01:18.720> in<00:01:18.799> the<00:01:18.960> world<00:01:19.520> for
about they exist in the world for
about they exist in the world for
thousands<00:01:20.240> and<00:01:20.400> thousands<00:01:20.799> of<00:01:20.960> years
thousands and thousands of years
thousands and thousands of years
for<00:01:22.240> a<00:01:22.400> long<00:01:22.720> long<00:01:22.960> time<00:01:23.759> but<00:01:24.000> only<00:01:24.240> in<00:01:24.320> the
for a long long time but only in the
for a long long time but only in the
hundred<00:01:24.880> and<00:01:25.200> last<00:01:25.439> hundred<00:01:25.759> and<00:01:25.920> twenty
hundred and last hundred and twenty
hundred and last hundred and twenty
years
years
years
people<00:01:28.159> started<00:01:28.799> or<00:01:29.280> people<00:01:29.680> knew<00:01:30.000> more<00:01:30.240> and
people started or people knew more and
people started or people knew more and
more<00:01:30.640> how<00:01:30.799> to<00:01:31.119> explore<00:01:31.759> how<00:01:31.920> to<00:01:32.159> use<00:01:32.799> this
more how to explore how to use this
more how to explore how to use this
biological<00:01:33.840> control<00:01:34.320> phenomenon<00:01:35.280> or<00:01:35.520> in<00:01:35.680> fact
biological control phenomenon or in fact
biological control phenomenon or in fact
natural<00:01:37.040> control<00:01:37.680> phenomenon<00:01:38.640> to<00:01:38.799> their<00:01:39.200> own
natural control phenomenon to their own
natural control phenomenon to their own
needs
needs
needs
because<00:01:41.600> biological<00:01:42.159> control<00:01:42.479> phenomena<00:01:43.040> you
because biological control phenomena you
because biological control phenomena you
can<00:01:43.280> see<00:01:43.360> it<00:01:43.520> in<00:01:43.600> your<00:01:43.759> backyard
can see it in your backyard
can see it in your backyard
just<00:01:45.439> take<00:01:45.680> a<00:01:45.840> magnifying<00:01:46.399> glass<00:01:46.720> you<00:01:46.880> see
just take a magnifying glass you see
just take a magnifying glass you see
what<00:01:47.200> i<00:01:47.280> have<00:01:47.520> here<00:01:47.920> that's<00:01:48.240> a<00:01:48.320> magnifier
what i have here that's a magnifier
what i have here that's a magnifier
times<00:01:49.840> 10
times 10
times 10
yeah<00:01:51.520> times<00:01:51.759> 10<00:01:52.000> you<00:01:52.079> just<00:01:52.320> open<00:01:52.640> it<00:01:53.119> you<00:01:53.280> just
yeah times 10 you just open it you just
yeah times 10 you just open it you just
twist<00:01:54.320> leaves<00:01:55.040> and<00:01:55.200> you<00:01:55.360> see<00:01:55.439> a<00:01:55.520> whole<00:01:55.759> new
twist leaves and you see a whole new
twist leaves and you see a whole new
world<00:01:56.720> of<00:01:56.960> by<00:01:57.280> nude<00:01:57.680> insects<00:01:58.399> or<00:01:58.560> little
world of by nude insects or little
world of by nude insects or little
spiders<00:01:59.680> of<00:02:00.079> one<00:02:00.240> millimeter<00:02:00.799> one<00:02:00.960> and<00:02:01.119> a<00:02:01.119> half
spiders of one millimeter one and a half
spiders of one millimeter one and a half
two<00:02:01.520> meter<00:02:02.240> millimeters<00:02:02.880> long<00:02:03.280> and<00:02:03.360> you<00:02:03.520> can
two meter millimeters long and you can
two meter millimeters long and you can
distinguish<00:02:04.079> between<00:02:04.479> the<00:02:04.560> good<00:02:04.799> ones<00:02:05.200> and
distinguish between the good ones and
distinguish between the good ones and
the<00:02:05.520> bad<00:02:05.759> ones<00:02:06.159> so<00:02:06.399> this<00:02:06.640> phenomenon<00:02:07.439> of<00:02:07.759> of
the bad ones so this phenomenon of of
the bad ones so this phenomenon of of
natural<00:02:08.479> control<00:02:09.039> exists<00:02:09.599> literally
natural control exists literally
natural control exists literally
everywhere<00:02:11.039> here<00:02:11.360> in<00:02:11.440> front<00:02:11.680> of<00:02:11.760> this
everywhere here in front of this
everywhere here in front of this
building<00:02:12.319> i'm<00:02:12.480> sure<00:02:12.959> just<00:02:13.120> have<00:02:13.280> a<00:02:13.360> look<00:02:13.520> at
building i'm sure just have a look at
building i'm sure just have a look at
the<00:02:13.680> plants
the plants
the plants
so<00:02:15.280> it's<00:02:15.440> everywhere<00:02:16.160> and<00:02:16.319> we<00:02:16.480> need<00:02:16.720> to<00:02:16.879> know
so it's everywhere and we need to know
so it's everywhere and we need to know
how<00:02:17.760> to<00:02:18.000> exploit<00:02:18.480> it
how to exploit it
how to exploit it
well<00:02:19.440> let<00:02:19.599> us<00:02:19.760> look<00:02:20.000> just<00:02:20.239> hand<00:02:20.400> by<00:02:20.640> hand<00:02:21.120> and
well let us look just hand by hand and
well let us look just hand by hand and
browse<00:02:22.080> through<00:02:22.879> just<00:02:23.120> a<00:02:23.200> few<00:02:23.680> examples<00:02:24.560> what
browse through just a few examples what
browse through just a few examples what
is<00:02:25.120> a<00:02:25.360> pest<00:02:26.080> what<00:02:26.720> damage<00:02:27.360> it<00:02:27.599> actually
is a pest what damage it actually
is a pest what damage it actually
inflicts<00:02:28.720> on<00:02:28.800> the<00:02:28.959> plant<00:02:29.440> and<00:02:29.599> what<00:02:29.840> is<00:02:29.920> the
inflicts on the plant and what is the
inflicts on the plant and what is the
natural<00:02:30.959> enemy<00:02:31.599> the<00:02:31.760> biological<00:02:32.560> control
natural enemy the biological control
natural enemy the biological control
agent<00:02:33.680> or<00:02:33.760> the<00:02:33.920> good<00:02:34.239> bug<00:02:34.640> that<00:02:34.800> we<00:02:34.959> are
agent or the good bug that we are
agent or the good bug that we are
talking<00:02:35.440> about<00:02:35.840> in<00:02:36.000> general<00:02:36.720> i'm<00:02:37.040> going<00:02:37.280> to
talking about in general i'm going to
talking about in general i'm going to
talk<00:02:37.680> about<00:02:38.319> insects<00:02:39.280> and
talk about insects and
talk about insects and
spiders<00:02:40.879> or<00:02:41.360> mites<00:02:42.000> let<00:02:42.239> us<00:02:42.640> call<00:02:42.879> them
spiders or mites let us call them
spiders or mites let us call them
insects<00:02:43.680> those<00:02:44.239> six<00:02:44.560> select<00:02:45.120> organisms<00:02:46.080> and
insects those six select organisms and
insects those six select organisms and
spider<00:02:46.800> or<00:02:47.040> mites<00:02:47.599> the<00:02:47.920> eight<00:02:48.480> lead<00:02:49.040> organisms
spider or mites the eight lead organisms
spider or mites the eight lead organisms
let's<00:02:50.319> have<00:02:50.400> a<00:02:50.480> look<00:02:50.720> at<00:02:50.800> that<00:02:51.280> here<00:02:51.519> is<00:02:51.680> a<00:02:51.760> pest
let's have a look at that here is a pest
let's have a look at that here is a pest
devastating<00:02:53.040> pest<00:02:53.519> a<00:02:53.760> spider<00:02:54.239> mite<00:02:54.640> because
devastating pest a spider mite because
devastating pest a spider mite because
it<00:02:55.040> does<00:02:55.200> a<00:02:55.280> lot<00:02:55.440> of<00:02:56.000> webbing<00:02:56.640> like<00:02:56.879> a<00:02:56.959> spider
it does a lot of webbing like a spider
it does a lot of webbing like a spider
you<00:02:58.160> see<00:02:58.319> the<00:02:58.480> mother<00:02:58.800> in<00:02:58.959> between<00:02:59.440> and<00:02:59.599> two
you see the mother in between and two
you see the mother in between and two
daughters<00:03:00.239> probably<00:03:00.560> on<00:03:00.640> the<00:03:00.800> left<00:03:01.040> and<00:03:01.200> right
daughters probably on the left and right
daughters probably on the left and right
and<00:03:01.760> a<00:03:01.840> single<00:03:02.239> egg<00:03:02.560> on<00:03:02.720> the<00:03:02.800> right<00:03:03.040> hand<00:03:03.280> side
and a single egg on the right hand side
and a single egg on the right hand side
and<00:03:04.159> then<00:03:04.400> you<00:03:04.560> see<00:03:04.720> what<00:03:04.959> kind<00:03:05.120> of<00:03:05.280> damage<00:03:05.680> it
and then you see what kind of damage it
and then you see what kind of damage it
can<00:03:05.920> inflate<00:03:06.480> on<00:03:06.640> your<00:03:06.720> right<00:03:06.959> hand<00:03:07.120> side<00:03:07.360> you
can inflate on your right hand side you
can inflate on your right hand side you
can<00:03:07.599> see<00:03:07.760> a<00:03:07.840> cucumber<00:03:08.400> leaf<00:03:08.800> and<00:03:09.040> in<00:03:09.120> the
can see a cucumber leaf and in the
can see a cucumber leaf and in the
middle<00:03:09.760> cotton<00:03:10.159> leaf<00:03:10.560> and<00:03:10.720> on<00:03:10.800> the<00:03:10.959> left
middle cotton leaf and on the left
middle cotton leaf and on the left
tomato<00:03:12.000> leaf<00:03:12.239> with<00:03:12.400> these<00:03:12.720> little<00:03:13.120> stippling
tomato leaf with these little stippling
tomato leaf with these little stippling
they<00:03:14.000> can<00:03:14.319> literally<00:03:14.879> turn<00:03:15.200> from<00:03:15.440> green<00:03:16.000> to
they can literally turn from green to
they can literally turn from green to
white<00:03:16.879> because<00:03:17.280> of<00:03:17.360> the<00:03:18.159> sucking<00:03:18.879> piercing
white because of the sucking piercing
white because of the sucking piercing
and<00:03:20.239> mouth<00:03:20.560> parts<00:03:20.879> of<00:03:21.040> those<00:03:21.680> spiders
and mouth parts of those spiders
and mouth parts of those spiders
but<00:03:23.200> here<00:03:23.440> comes<00:03:23.760> nature<00:03:24.239> that<00:03:24.480> provides<00:03:24.959> us
but here comes nature that provides us
but here comes nature that provides us
with<00:03:25.519> a<00:03:25.599> good<00:03:25.760> spider<00:03:26.640> this<00:03:26.800> is<00:03:26.959> a<00:03:27.040> predatory
with a good spider this is a predatory
with a good spider this is a predatory
mod<00:03:27.920> just<00:03:28.159> as<00:03:28.319> small<00:03:28.560> as<00:03:28.640> the<00:03:28.800> spider<00:03:29.120> mite<00:03:29.360> by
mod just as small as the spider mite by
mod just as small as the spider mite by
the<00:03:29.599> way<00:03:30.000> one<00:03:30.159> millimeter<00:03:30.640> two<00:03:30.799> millimeter
the way one millimeter two millimeter
the way one millimeter two millimeter
long<00:03:31.519> not<00:03:31.680> more<00:03:31.840> than<00:03:32.080> that
long not more than that
long not more than that
running<00:03:33.280> quickly
running quickly
running quickly
hunting<00:03:35.200> chasing<00:03:36.159> the<00:03:36.319> spider<00:03:36.720> mites<00:03:37.120> and
hunting chasing the spider mites and
hunting chasing the spider mites and
here<00:03:37.519> you<00:03:37.599> can<00:03:37.760> see<00:03:38.239> this<00:03:38.480> lady<00:03:38.799> in<00:03:38.959> action<00:03:39.760> on
here you can see this lady in action on
here you can see this lady in action on
your<00:03:40.159> left<00:03:40.400> hand<00:03:40.640> side<00:03:41.280> just<00:03:41.680> pierces<00:03:42.799> such
your left hand side just pierces such
your left hand side just pierces such
the<00:03:43.440> body<00:03:43.760> fluids<00:03:44.159> on<00:03:44.319> the<00:03:44.400> left-hand<00:03:44.879> side<00:03:45.280> of
the body fluids on the left-hand side of
the body fluids on the left-hand side of
the<00:03:45.920> pest<00:03:46.319> mite<00:03:46.720> and<00:03:46.879> after<00:03:47.200> five<00:03:47.440> minutes
the pest mite and after five minutes
the pest mite and after five minutes
this<00:03:48.239> is<00:03:48.319> what<00:03:48.560> you<00:03:48.720> see
this is what you see
this is what you see
just<00:03:50.000> typical<00:03:50.640> dead<00:03:51.120> corpse<00:03:52.000> shriveled
just typical dead corpse shriveled
just typical dead corpse shriveled
sucked<00:03:53.280> out<00:03:53.680> dead<00:03:54.000> corpse<00:03:54.239> of<00:03:54.319> the<00:03:54.480> spider
sucked out dead corpse of the spider
sucked out dead corpse of the spider
mite<00:03:55.440> and<00:03:55.599> next<00:03:55.840> to<00:03:56.000> it<00:03:56.560> two<00:03:57.120> satiated
mite and next to it two satiated
mite and next to it two satiated
individuals<00:03:59.280> of<00:03:59.439> predatory<00:04:00.080> mice<00:04:00.480> and<00:04:00.560> mother
individuals of predatory mice and mother
individuals of predatory mice and mother
on<00:04:01.040> the<00:04:01.120> left-hand<00:04:01.599> side<00:04:01.920> a<00:04:02.080> young<00:04:02.319> myth<00:04:02.879> on
on the left-hand side a young myth on
on the left-hand side a young myth on
the<00:04:03.120> right<00:04:03.280> hand<00:04:03.519> side<00:04:03.840> by<00:04:04.000> the<00:04:04.159> way<00:04:04.400> a<00:04:04.560> meal
the right hand side by the way a meal
the right hand side by the way a meal
for<00:04:05.120> them<00:04:05.599> for<00:04:05.760> 24<00:04:06.319> hours<00:04:06.879> are<00:04:07.200> about<00:04:07.599> five
for them for 24 hours are about five
for them for 24 hours are about five
individuals<00:04:08.799> of<00:04:08.959> the<00:04:09.120> spider<00:04:09.519> mites<00:04:09.840> of<00:04:09.920> the
individuals of the spider mites of the
individuals of the spider mites of the
bad<00:04:10.319> mites<00:04:11.120> and<00:04:11.439> or<00:04:12.080> 15<00:04:12.640> to<00:04:12.799> 20<00:04:13.360> eggs<00:04:14.000> of<00:04:14.239> the
bad mites and or 15 to 20 eggs of the
bad mites and or 15 to 20 eggs of the
pest<00:04:15.120> mites
pest mites
pest mites
by<00:04:16.239> the<00:04:16.320> way<00:04:16.479> they<00:04:16.639> are<00:04:16.720> hungry
by the way they are hungry
by the way they are hungry
always
and<00:04:20.799> there<00:04:21.040> is<00:04:21.120> another<00:04:21.519> example<00:04:22.160> aphids<00:04:23.040> by
and there is another example aphids by
and there is another example aphids by
the<00:04:23.280> way<00:04:23.440> it's<00:04:23.520> springtime<00:04:24.080> now<00:04:24.240> in<00:04:24.400> israel
the way it's springtime now in israel
the way it's springtime now in israel
when<00:04:25.040> temperature<00:04:25.680> rises<00:04:26.479> sharply<00:04:27.120> you<00:04:27.280> can
when temperature rises sharply you can
when temperature rises sharply you can
see<00:04:27.680> those<00:04:28.160> bad<00:04:28.400> ones<00:04:28.720> those<00:04:28.960> aphids<00:04:29.680> all<00:04:29.840> over
see those bad ones those aphids all over
see those bad ones those aphids all over
the<00:04:30.160> plants<00:04:30.639> in<00:04:30.800> your<00:04:30.960> hibiscus<00:04:32.000> in<00:04:32.080> your
the plants in your hibiscus in your
the plants in your hibiscus in your
lantana<00:04:33.199> on<00:04:33.360> the<00:04:33.600> young<00:04:34.000> fresh<00:04:34.400> foliage<00:04:35.040> of
lantana on the young fresh foliage of
lantana on the young fresh foliage of
the<00:04:35.759> spring<00:04:36.160> flush<00:04:36.720> so-called<00:04:37.440> by<00:04:37.600> the<00:04:37.680> way
the spring flush so-called by the way
the spring flush so-called by the way
with<00:04:38.000> aphids<00:04:38.560> you<00:04:38.720> have<00:04:38.880> only<00:04:39.440> females<00:04:40.320> like
with aphids you have only females like
with aphids you have only females like
amazon's<00:04:41.520> females<00:04:42.240> giving<00:04:42.560> rise<00:04:42.800> to<00:04:42.960> females
amazon's females giving rise to females
amazon's females giving rise to females
giving<00:04:43.840> rise<00:04:44.080> to<00:04:44.240> other<00:04:44.400> females<00:04:45.040> no<00:04:45.280> males<00:04:45.600> at
giving rise to other females no males at
giving rise to other females no males at
all<00:04:46.240> parthenogenesis<00:04:47.199> was<00:04:47.759> so-called<00:04:48.560> and
all parthenogenesis was so-called and
all parthenogenesis was so-called and
they<00:04:48.880> are<00:04:48.960> very<00:04:49.120> happy<00:04:49.440> with<00:04:49.520> that<00:04:49.759> apparently
they are very happy with that apparently
they are very happy with that apparently
and<00:04:51.600> here<00:04:51.759> you<00:04:51.919> can<00:04:52.080> see<00:04:52.240> the<00:04:52.400> damage<00:04:52.960> those
and here you can see the damage those
and here you can see the damage those
aphids<00:04:54.240> secrete<00:04:55.520> some<00:04:56.320> sticky<00:04:57.280> sugary<00:04:58.240> liquid
aphids secrete some sticky sugary liquid
aphids secrete some sticky sugary liquid
called<00:04:59.199> honeydew<00:05:00.240> and<00:05:00.560> this
called honeydew and this
called honeydew and this
just<00:05:01.919> clogs<00:05:02.720> the<00:05:02.960> upper<00:05:03.199> part<00:05:03.440> of<00:05:03.520> the<00:05:03.680> plant
just clogs the upper part of the plant
just clogs the upper part of the plant
you<00:05:04.160> see<00:05:04.240> a<00:05:04.320> typical<00:05:04.639> cucumber<00:05:05.199> leaf<00:05:05.600> that
you see a typical cucumber leaf that
you see a typical cucumber leaf that
turned<00:05:06.160> actually<00:05:06.560> from<00:05:06.800> green<00:05:07.120> to<00:05:07.360> black
turned actually from green to black
turned actually from green to black
because<00:05:08.240> of<00:05:08.479> the<00:05:08.560> black<00:05:09.199> fungus<00:05:10.560> mold
because of the black fungus mold
because of the black fungus mold
which<00:05:11.360> is<00:05:11.680> covering<00:05:12.160> it<00:05:12.720> and<00:05:12.880> here<00:05:13.199> comes<00:05:13.520> the
which is covering it and here comes the
which is covering it and here comes the
salvation
salvation
salvation
through<00:05:15.919> this<00:05:16.400> parasitic<00:05:17.440> wasp<00:05:18.160> here<00:05:18.320> we<00:05:18.479> are
through this parasitic wasp here we are
through this parasitic wasp here we are
not<00:05:18.800> talking<00:05:19.039> about<00:05:19.280> the<00:05:19.440> predator<00:05:20.240> here<00:05:20.400> we
not talking about the predator here we
not talking about the predator here we
are<00:05:20.639> talking<00:05:20.960> about<00:05:21.520> a<00:05:21.680> parasite<00:05:22.720> not<00:05:22.960> a
are talking about a parasite not a
are talking about a parasite not a
two-legged<00:05:23.759> parasite<00:05:24.639> but<00:05:24.880> an<00:05:25.120> eight-legged
two-legged parasite but an eight-legged
two-legged parasite but an eight-legged
parasite<00:05:26.240> of<00:05:26.400> yours<00:05:27.199> yeah<00:05:27.600> this<00:05:27.759> is<00:05:27.919> a
parasite of yours yeah this is a
parasite of yours yeah this is a
parasitic<00:05:28.720> wasp<00:05:29.039> again<00:05:29.440> two<00:05:29.680> meters<00:05:30.160> long
parasitic wasp again two meters long
parasitic wasp again two meters long
slender
slender
slender
a<00:05:32.320> very<00:05:32.639> quick<00:05:33.199> and<00:05:33.680> sharp<00:05:34.400> flyer<00:05:35.199> and<00:05:35.360> here
a very quick and sharp flyer and here
a very quick and sharp flyer and here
you<00:05:35.680> can<00:05:35.840> see<00:05:36.080> this<00:05:36.240> parasite<00:05:36.880> in<00:05:37.199> action<00:05:38.080> like
you can see this parasite in action like
you can see this parasite in action like
in<00:05:38.479> an<00:05:38.639> acrobatic<00:05:39.680> maneuver
in an acrobatic maneuver
in an acrobatic maneuver
she<00:05:41.039> stands<00:05:41.520> vis-a-vis<00:05:42.479> in<00:05:42.639> front<00:05:42.880> of<00:05:42.960> the
she stands vis-a-vis in front of the
she stands vis-a-vis in front of the
victim<00:05:43.440> on<00:05:43.600> the<00:05:43.680> right-hand<00:05:44.160> side<00:05:44.880> bending
victim on the right-hand side bending
victim on the right-hand side bending
his<00:05:45.680> abdomen<00:05:46.560> and<00:05:46.880> inserting<00:05:47.600> a<00:05:47.840> single<00:05:48.320> egg<00:05:48.800> a
his abdomen and inserting a single egg a
his abdomen and inserting a single egg a
single<00:05:49.440> egg<00:05:49.840> into<00:05:50.160> the<00:05:50.320> body<00:05:50.720> fluids<00:05:51.440> of<00:05:51.520> the
single egg into the body fluids of the
single egg into the body fluids of the
aphid
aphid
aphid
by<00:05:52.960> the<00:05:53.039> way<00:05:53.199> the<00:05:53.280> effect<00:05:53.600> tries<00:05:53.840> to<00:05:54.000> escape
by the way the effect tries to escape
by the way the effect tries to escape
she<00:05:55.840> kicks<00:05:56.479> and<00:05:56.720> and<00:05:56.960> bites<00:05:57.520> and<00:05:57.680> secretes
she kicks and and bites and secretes
she kicks and and bites and secretes
different<00:05:58.800> liquids<00:05:59.360> but<00:06:00.000> nothing<00:06:00.320> will
different liquids but nothing will
different liquids but nothing will
happen<00:06:00.960> in<00:06:01.120> fact<00:06:01.440> only<00:06:01.759> the<00:06:02.000> egg<00:06:02.320> of<00:06:02.400> the
happen in fact only the egg of the
happen in fact only the egg of the
parasitoid<00:06:03.520> will<00:06:03.759> be<00:06:04.000> inserted<00:06:04.560> into<00:06:04.880> the
parasitoid will be inserted into the
parasitoid will be inserted into the
body<00:06:05.520> fluids<00:06:06.160> of<00:06:06.240> the<00:06:06.400> aphid<00:06:06.960> and<00:06:07.120> after<00:06:07.360> a<00:06:07.440> few
body fluids of the aphid and after a few
body fluids of the aphid and after a few
days<00:06:07.919> depends<00:06:08.479> on<00:06:08.639> upon<00:06:08.880> temperature<00:06:09.919> the<00:06:10.080> egg
days depends on upon temperature the egg
days depends on upon temperature the egg
will<00:06:10.560> hatch<00:06:11.360> and<00:06:11.520> the<00:06:11.759> larva<00:06:12.319> of<00:06:12.479> this
will hatch and the larva of this
will hatch and the larva of this
parasite<00:06:13.280> will<00:06:13.680> eat<00:06:14.240> the<00:06:14.400> aphid<00:06:14.960> from<00:06:15.120> the
parasite will eat the aphid from the
parasite will eat the aphid from the
inside<00:06:16.400> and<00:06:16.560> after<00:06:17.280> and<00:06:17.360> this<00:06:17.520> is<00:06:17.759> all<00:06:17.919> natural
inside and after and this is all natural
inside and after and this is all natural
this<00:06:18.560> is<00:06:18.720> all<00:06:18.880> natural<00:06:19.680> this<00:06:19.919> is<00:06:20.000> not<00:06:20.240> fiction
this is all natural this is not fiction
this is all natural this is not fiction
nothing<00:06:21.280> at<00:06:21.440> all<00:06:21.759> again<00:06:22.240> in<00:06:22.400> your<00:06:22.560> backyard<00:06:23.360> in
nothing at all again in your backyard in
nothing at all again in your backyard in
your<00:06:23.840> backyard
your backyard
your backyard
absolutely
absolutely
absolutely
this<00:06:27.759> is<00:06:28.240> this<00:06:28.400> is<00:06:28.560> the<00:06:28.720> end<00:06:28.880> result<00:06:29.440> this<00:06:29.680> is
this is this is the end result this is
this is this is the end result this is
the<00:06:30.000> end<00:06:30.160> result<00:06:31.039> mummies<00:06:32.000> m-u-m-y
the end result mummies m-u-m-y
the end result mummies m-u-m-y
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
this<00:06:34.479> is<00:06:34.560> the<00:06:34.800> visual<00:06:35.199> result<00:06:36.000> of<00:06:36.240> a<00:06:36.400> dead
this is the visual result of a dead
this is the visual result of a dead
aphid
aphid
aphid
encompassing<00:06:38.720> inside<00:06:39.520> in<00:06:39.680> fact<00:06:40.240> a<00:06:40.560> developing
encompassing inside in fact a developing
encompassing inside in fact a developing
parenting<00:06:41.840> toy<00:06:42.160> that<00:06:42.319> after<00:06:42.639> a<00:06:42.720> few<00:06:42.960> minutes
parenting toy that after a few minutes
parenting toy that after a few minutes
you<00:06:43.680> see<00:06:44.000> half<00:06:44.319> way<00:06:44.720> out<00:06:45.360> the<00:06:45.600> birth<00:06:46.000> is<00:06:46.240> almost
you see half way out the birth is almost
you see half way out the birth is almost
complete<00:06:47.600> you<00:06:47.759> can<00:06:48.000> see<00:06:48.560> by<00:06:48.720> the<00:06:48.800> way
complete you can see by the way
complete you can see by the way
different<00:06:49.440> movies<00:06:49.919> etc<00:06:50.800> and<00:06:51.199> it<00:06:51.280> takes<00:06:51.520> just<00:06:51.759> a
different movies etc and it takes just a
different movies etc and it takes just a
few<00:06:52.080> minutes<00:06:52.400> and<00:06:52.560> if<00:06:52.720> this<00:06:52.960> is<00:06:53.039> a<00:06:53.199> female<00:06:53.759> she
few minutes and if this is a female she
few minutes and if this is a female she
will<00:06:54.080> immediately<00:06:54.720> mate<00:06:55.199> with<00:06:55.440> a<00:06:55.520> male<00:06:56.000> and
will immediately mate with a male and
will immediately mate with a male and
off<00:06:56.560> she<00:06:56.800> goes<00:06:57.280> because<00:06:57.680> time<00:06:57.919> is<00:06:58.000> very<00:06:58.319> short
off she goes because time is very short
off she goes because time is very short
this<00:06:59.039> female<00:06:59.360> can<00:06:59.599> live<00:06:59.919> only<00:07:00.160> three<00:07:00.400> to<00:07:00.560> four
this female can live only three to four
this female can live only three to four
days<00:07:01.440> and<00:07:01.599> she<00:07:01.840> needs<00:07:02.080> to<00:07:02.240> give<00:07:02.479> rise<00:07:02.800> to
days and she needs to give rise to
days and she needs to give rise to
around<00:07:03.520> 400<00:07:04.479> eggs<00:07:05.360> that<00:07:05.599> means<00:07:05.919> she<00:07:06.080> has<00:07:06.479> 400
around 400 eggs that means she has 400
around 400 eggs that means she has 400
bad<00:07:07.919> aphids<00:07:08.800> to<00:07:08.960> put<00:07:09.199> her<00:07:09.440> eggs<00:07:10.080> into<00:07:10.319> their
bad aphids to put her eggs into their
bad aphids to put her eggs into their
body<00:07:11.199> fluids
body fluids
body fluids
and<00:07:12.560> this<00:07:12.720> is<00:07:12.800> of<00:07:12.880> course<00:07:13.120> not<00:07:13.280> the<00:07:13.440> end<00:07:13.599> of<00:07:13.759> it
and this is of course not the end of it
and this is of course not the end of it
there<00:07:14.080> is<00:07:14.240> a<00:07:14.319> whole<00:07:14.720> wealth<00:07:15.599> of<00:07:15.759> other<00:07:15.919> natural
there is a whole wealth of other natural
there is a whole wealth of other natural
enemies<00:07:16.639> and<00:07:16.720> this<00:07:16.880> is<00:07:16.960> just<00:07:17.199> the<00:07:17.280> last
enemies and this is just the last
enemies and this is just the last
example<00:07:18.479> again<00:07:18.880> we'll<00:07:19.120> start<00:07:19.440> first<00:07:19.759> with<00:07:19.919> the
example again we'll start first with the
example again we'll start first with the
quest<00:07:21.039> the<00:07:21.280> thrips
quest the thrips
quest the thrips
by<00:07:22.639> the<00:07:22.720> way<00:07:22.880> all<00:07:23.039> these<00:07:23.280> weird<00:07:23.680> names<00:07:24.000> huh<00:07:24.720> i
by the way all these weird names huh i
by the way all these weird names huh i
didn't<00:07:25.280> bother<00:07:25.520> you<00:07:25.680> with<00:07:25.840> the<00:07:26.000> latinx<00:07:26.639> of
didn't bother you with the latinx of
didn't bother you with the latinx of
these<00:07:26.880> creatures<00:07:27.840> okay<00:07:28.319> just<00:07:28.560> the<00:07:28.639> popular
these creatures okay just the popular
these creatures okay just the popular
names<00:07:29.520> but<00:07:29.680> this<00:07:29.919> is<00:07:30.080> a<00:07:30.160> nice<00:07:30.720> slender
names but this is a nice slender
names but this is a nice slender
very<00:07:32.400> bad<00:07:32.960> pest<00:07:33.759> if<00:07:33.919> you<00:07:34.000> can<00:07:34.160> see<00:07:34.400> this
very bad pest if you can see this
very bad pest if you can see this
sweet<00:07:35.599> peppers<00:07:36.000> this<00:07:36.240> is<00:07:36.319> not<00:07:36.479> just<00:07:36.720> an<00:07:36.880> exotic
sweet peppers this is not just an exotic
sweet peppers this is not just an exotic
or<00:07:37.599> a<00:07:37.680> metal<00:07:38.000> sweet<00:07:38.319> pepper<00:07:38.880> this<00:07:39.120> is<00:07:39.199> a<00:07:39.280> sweet
or a metal sweet pepper this is a sweet
or a metal sweet pepper this is a sweet
pepper<00:07:40.240> which<00:07:40.479> is<00:07:40.560> not<00:07:40.720> consumable<00:07:41.599> because
pepper which is not consumable because
pepper which is not consumable because
it<00:07:42.080> is<00:07:42.479> suffering<00:07:42.880> from<00:07:43.120> a<00:07:43.280> viral<00:07:43.680> disease
it is suffering from a viral disease
it is suffering from a viral disease
transmitted<00:07:45.680> by<00:07:45.919> those<00:07:46.479> three<00:07:47.039> adults
transmitted by those three adults
transmitted by those three adults
and<00:07:48.240> here<00:07:48.479> comes<00:07:48.720> the<00:07:48.800> natural<00:07:49.199> enemy<00:07:49.759> my<00:07:50.160> note
and here comes the natural enemy my note
and here comes the natural enemy my note
pirate<00:07:51.039> bug<00:07:51.599> my<00:07:51.759> mood<00:07:52.080> because<00:07:52.240> it<00:07:52.400> is<00:07:52.479> rather
pirate bug my mood because it is rather
pirate bug my mood because it is rather
small<00:07:53.520> yeah
small yeah
small yeah
you<00:07:54.479> can<00:07:54.720> see<00:07:55.039> the<00:07:55.280> adult<00:07:55.759> black<00:07:56.400> and<00:07:56.479> two
you can see the adult black and two
you can see the adult black and two
young<00:07:57.039> ones<00:07:57.680> and<00:07:57.919> again<00:07:58.240> in<00:07:58.560> action<00:07:59.280> this
young ones and again in action this
young ones and again in action this
adult<00:08:00.319> pierces<00:08:01.120> the<00:08:01.280> trips
adult pierces the trips
adult pierces the trips
sucking<00:08:03.280> it<00:08:03.440> within<00:08:03.759> just<00:08:04.080> several<00:08:04.400> minutes
sucking it within just several minutes
sucking it within just several minutes
just<00:08:05.120> going<00:08:05.360> to<00:08:05.520> the<00:08:05.680> other<00:08:05.919> prey<00:08:06.479> continuing
just going to the other prey continuing
just going to the other prey continuing
all<00:08:07.520> over<00:08:07.680> the<00:08:07.840> place<00:08:08.319> and<00:08:08.639> if<00:08:08.800> we<00:08:09.039> spread
all over the place and if we spread
all over the place and if we spread
those
those
those
my<00:08:10.720> root<00:08:11.039> pirate<00:08:11.360> bugs<00:08:11.599> the<00:08:11.840> good<00:08:12.080> ones<00:08:12.560> for
my root pirate bugs the good ones for
my root pirate bugs the good ones for
example<00:08:13.120> in<00:08:13.280> a<00:08:13.360> sweet<00:08:13.680> pepper<00:08:14.400> plot
example in a sweet pepper plot
example in a sweet pepper plot
they<00:08:15.759> go<00:08:15.919> to<00:08:16.080> the<00:08:16.479> flowers<00:08:17.039> and<00:08:17.199> look<00:08:17.759> this
they go to the flowers and look this
they go to the flowers and look this
flower<00:08:18.479> is<00:08:18.879> flooded<00:08:19.759> with<00:08:20.000> predatory<00:08:20.639> bugs
flower is flooded with predatory bugs
flower is flooded with predatory bugs
with<00:08:21.120> the<00:08:21.199> good<00:08:21.520> ones
with the good ones
with the good ones
after<00:08:22.800> wiping<00:08:23.360> out<00:08:23.919> the<00:08:24.080> bad<00:08:24.400> ones<00:08:24.800> the<00:08:24.960> trips
after wiping out the bad ones the trips
after wiping out the bad ones the trips
so<00:08:25.680> this<00:08:25.919> is<00:08:26.000> a<00:08:26.080> very<00:08:26.319> positive<00:08:26.800> situation<00:08:27.360> by
so this is a very positive situation by
so this is a very positive situation by
the<00:08:27.680> way<00:08:28.160> no<00:08:28.319> harm<00:08:28.560> to<00:08:28.720> the<00:08:28.879> developing<00:08:29.440> fruit
the way no harm to the developing fruit
the way no harm to the developing fruit
no<00:08:30.240> heart<00:08:30.479> to<00:08:30.560> the<00:08:30.720> fruit<00:08:30.960> set<00:08:31.440> everything<00:08:31.840> is
no heart to the fruit set everything is
no heart to the fruit set everything is
justified<00:08:32.800> under<00:08:32.959> these<00:08:33.200> circumstances
justified under these circumstances
justified under these circumstances
but<00:08:35.360> again<00:08:35.599> the<00:08:35.760> question<00:08:36.159> is<00:08:36.479> here<00:08:36.719> you<00:08:36.880> saw
but again the question is here you saw
but again the question is here you saw
them<00:08:37.440> on<00:08:37.680> a<00:08:37.760> one-to-one<00:08:38.399> basis<00:08:39.200> the<00:08:39.360> past<00:08:39.760> the
them on a one-to-one basis the past the
them on a one-to-one basis the past the
natural<00:08:40.240> enemy
natural enemy
natural enemy
what<00:08:41.599> we<00:08:41.839> do<00:08:42.560> is<00:08:42.800> actually<00:08:43.680> this
what we do is actually this
what we do is actually this
in<00:08:44.880> the<00:08:45.040> northeast<00:08:45.600> israel
in the northeast israel
in the northeast israel
in<00:08:46.880> kibbutz<00:08:47.360> deliao<00:08:48.080> there<00:08:48.320> is<00:08:48.480> a<00:08:48.560> facility
in kibbutz deliao there is a facility
in kibbutz deliao there is a facility
that<00:08:50.240> mass<00:08:50.560> produces<00:08:51.360> those<00:08:51.600> natural<00:08:52.080> enemies
that mass produces those natural enemies
that mass produces those natural enemies
in<00:08:53.040> other<00:08:53.279> words<00:08:54.240> what<00:08:54.480> we<00:08:54.640> do<00:08:54.880> there<00:08:55.360> we
in other words what we do there we
in other words what we do there we
amplify<00:08:56.560> we<00:08:56.880> amplify<00:08:57.760> the<00:08:58.160> natural<00:08:58.640> control
amplify we amplify the natural control
amplify we amplify the natural control
of<00:08:59.440> the<00:08:59.600> biological<00:09:00.240> control<00:09:00.560> phenomenon<00:09:01.440> and
of the biological control phenomenon and
of the biological control phenomenon and
in<00:09:02.080> 30<00:09:02.720> 000<00:09:03.040> square<00:09:03.440> meters<00:09:03.839> of
in 30 000 square meters of
in 30 000 square meters of
state-of-the-art<00:09:05.519> greenhouses<00:09:06.240> there<00:09:06.880> we
state-of-the-art greenhouses there we
state-of-the-art greenhouses there we
are<00:09:07.279> mass<00:09:07.600> producing<00:09:08.160> those<00:09:08.399> predatory<00:09:09.040> mines
are mass producing those predatory mines
are mass producing those predatory mines
those<00:09:09.839> mild<00:09:10.240> pirate<00:09:10.720> bugs<00:09:11.279> those<00:09:11.680> parasitic
those mild pirate bugs those parasitic
those mild pirate bugs those parasitic
wasps<00:09:12.880> etc<00:09:13.440> etc<00:09:14.320> many<00:09:14.640> different<00:09:14.959> parts<00:09:15.519> by
wasps etc etc many different parts by
wasps etc etc many different parts by
the<00:09:15.760> way<00:09:15.920> they<00:09:16.000> have<00:09:16.160> a<00:09:16.240> very<00:09:16.480> nice<00:09:16.800> landscape
the way they have a very nice landscape
the way they have a very nice landscape
you<00:09:17.519> see<00:09:17.680> the<00:09:17.839> jordanian<00:09:18.320> mountains<00:09:19.200> on<00:09:19.360> one
you see the jordanian mountains on one
you see the jordanian mountains on one
hand<00:09:20.000> and<00:09:20.160> they<00:09:20.320> do<00:09:20.560> jordan<00:09:20.880> valley<00:09:21.200> on<00:09:21.279> the
hand and they do jordan valley on the
hand and they do jordan valley on the
other<00:09:21.600> hand<00:09:22.080> and<00:09:22.320> a<00:09:22.480> good<00:09:23.200> mild<00:09:23.920> winter<00:09:24.640> and<00:09:24.800> a
other hand and a good mild winter and a
other hand and a good mild winter and a
nice<00:09:25.360> hot<00:09:25.760> summer<00:09:26.320> which<00:09:26.560> is<00:09:26.720> an<00:09:26.959> excellent
nice hot summer which is an excellent
nice hot summer which is an excellent
condition<00:09:28.000> to<00:09:28.240> mass<00:09:28.480> produce<00:09:29.200> those
condition to mass produce those
condition to mass produce those
creatures
creatures
creatures
by<00:09:30.800> the<00:09:30.880> way<00:09:31.120> mass<00:09:31.440> production<00:09:32.480> it<00:09:32.640> is<00:09:32.880> not
by the way mass production it is not
by the way mass production it is not
genetic<00:09:33.519> manipulation<00:09:34.640> there<00:09:34.800> are<00:09:34.959> no<00:09:35.279> gmos
genetic manipulation there are no gmos
genetic manipulation there are no gmos
genetically<00:09:36.560> modified<00:09:37.040> organisms
genetically modified organisms
genetically modified organisms
whatsoever<00:09:38.720> we<00:09:39.040> take<00:09:39.279> them<00:09:39.519> from<00:09:39.760> nature<00:09:40.560> and
whatsoever we take them from nature and
whatsoever we take them from nature and
the<00:09:40.800> only<00:09:41.040> thing<00:09:41.279> that<00:09:41.440> we<00:09:41.600> do
the only thing that we do
the only thing that we do
we<00:09:42.640> give<00:09:42.880> them<00:09:43.120> the<00:09:43.360> optimal<00:09:43.920> conditions
we give them the optimal conditions
we give them the optimal conditions
under<00:09:44.959> the<00:09:45.120> greenhouses<00:09:45.920> or<00:09:46.080> in<00:09:46.240> the<00:09:46.320> climate
under the greenhouses or in the climate
under the greenhouses or in the climate
rooms<00:09:47.200> in<00:09:47.279> order<00:09:47.519> to<00:09:47.760> proliferate<00:09:48.880> multiply
rooms in order to proliferate multiply
rooms in order to proliferate multiply
and<00:09:49.839> reproduce
and reproduce
and reproduce
and<00:09:51.680> that's<00:09:51.920> what<00:09:52.080> we<00:09:52.240> get<00:09:52.720> in<00:09:52.880> fact<00:09:53.200> you<00:09:53.360> see
and that's what we get in fact you see
and that's what we get in fact you see
under<00:09:53.839> a<00:09:53.920> microscope<00:09:55.040> you<00:09:55.200> see<00:09:55.360> on<00:09:55.519> the<00:09:55.680> upper
under a microscope you see on the upper
under a microscope you see on the upper
left<00:09:56.160> corner<00:09:56.480> you<00:09:56.560> see<00:09:56.720> the<00:09:56.880> single<00:09:57.200> predatory
left corner you see the single predatory
left corner you see the single predatory
mite<00:09:58.320> and<00:09:58.480> this<00:09:58.800> is<00:09:59.360> a<00:09:59.519> whole<00:10:00.080> bunch<00:10:00.399> of
mite and this is a whole bunch of
mite and this is a whole bunch of
predatory<00:10:01.360> mites<00:10:01.600> you<00:10:01.680> see<00:10:01.920> this<00:10:02.160> apple<00:10:02.959> you
predatory mites you see this apple you
predatory mites you see this apple you
see<00:10:03.279> this<00:10:03.519> one<00:10:04.160> i<00:10:04.320> have<00:10:04.640> one<00:10:04.959> gram<00:10:05.600> of<00:10:05.839> those
see this one i have one gram of those
see this one i have one gram of those
predatory<00:10:06.720> mites
predatory mites
predatory mites
one<00:10:08.000> grams
one grams
one grams
80<00:10:09.760> 000<00:10:10.160> individuals
80 000 individuals
80 000 individuals
80<00:10:12.240> 000<00:10:12.560> individuals<00:10:13.600> are<00:10:13.760> good<00:10:14.079> enough
80 000 individuals are good enough
80 000 individuals are good enough
to<00:10:15.279> control<00:10:16.160> one<00:10:16.480> acre<00:10:17.440> four<00:10:17.760> thousand<00:10:18.160> square
to control one acre four thousand square
to control one acre four thousand square
meters<00:10:19.120> of<00:10:19.360> a<00:10:19.440> strawberry<00:10:20.079> plot
meters of a strawberry plot
meters of a strawberry plot
against<00:10:21.440> spider<00:10:21.839> mites<00:10:22.320> for<00:10:22.480> the<00:10:22.640> whole
against spider mites for the whole
against spider mites for the whole
season
season
season
of<00:10:24.240> almost<00:10:24.560> one<00:10:24.800> year
of almost one year
of almost one year
and<00:10:26.480> we<00:10:26.640> can<00:10:26.800> produce<00:10:27.360> from<00:10:27.519> this
and we can produce from this
and we can produce from this
believe<00:10:28.880> you<00:10:29.040> me
believe you me
believe you me
several<00:10:30.320> dozens<00:10:30.640> of<00:10:30.839> kilograms
several dozens of kilograms
several dozens of kilograms
on<00:10:32.800> an<00:10:32.959> annual<00:10:33.279> basis<00:10:34.160> so<00:10:34.320> this<00:10:34.480> is<00:10:34.560> what<00:10:34.720> they
on an annual basis so this is what they
on an annual basis so this is what they
call
call
call
amplification<00:10:37.040> of<00:10:37.200> the<00:10:37.360> phenomenon<00:10:38.399> and<00:10:38.560> no
amplification of the phenomenon and no
amplification of the phenomenon and no
we<00:10:39.360> do<00:10:39.680> we<00:10:39.839> do<00:10:40.000> not<00:10:40.160> disrupt<00:10:41.279> the<00:10:41.440> balance<00:10:42.240> on
we do we do not disrupt the balance on
we do we do not disrupt the balance on
the<00:10:42.560> contrary<00:10:43.519> because<00:10:43.839> we<00:10:44.320> bring<00:10:44.560> it<00:10:44.720> to
the contrary because we bring it to
the contrary because we bring it to
agricultural<00:10:45.680> plot<00:10:46.399> where<00:10:46.560> the<00:10:46.800> balance<00:10:47.279> or
agricultural plot where the balance or
agricultural plot where the balance or
was<00:10:47.920> already<00:10:48.240> disrupted<00:10:49.120> by<00:10:49.360> the<00:10:49.519> chemicals
was already disrupted by the chemicals
was already disrupted by the chemicals
here<00:10:50.480> we<00:10:50.640> come<00:10:50.800> with<00:10:50.959> those<00:10:51.200> natural<00:10:51.519> enemies
here we come with those natural enemies
here we come with those natural enemies
in<00:10:52.240> order<00:10:52.560> to<00:10:52.959> reverse<00:10:53.760> a<00:10:53.920> little<00:10:54.160> bit<00:10:54.480> the
in order to reverse a little bit the
in order to reverse a little bit the
wheel<00:10:55.200> and<00:10:55.360> to<00:10:55.600> bring<00:10:56.079> more<00:10:56.560> natural<00:10:57.040> balance
wheel and to bring more natural balance
wheel and to bring more natural balance
to<00:10:57.839> the<00:10:58.000> agricultural<00:10:58.800> plot<00:10:59.279> by<00:10:59.440> reducing
to the agricultural plot by reducing
to the agricultural plot by reducing
those<00:11:00.320> chemicals<00:11:01.200> that's<00:11:01.440> the<00:11:01.519> whole<00:11:01.760> idea
those chemicals that's the whole idea
those chemicals that's the whole idea
and<00:11:02.800> what<00:11:03.040> is<00:11:03.200> the<00:11:03.360> impact<00:11:04.240> in<00:11:04.320> this<00:11:04.560> table<00:11:04.880> you
and what is the impact in this table you
and what is the impact in this table you
can<00:11:05.200> actually<00:11:05.680> see<00:11:06.160> what<00:11:06.480> is<00:11:06.640> an<00:11:06.800> impact<00:11:07.200> of<00:11:07.360> a
can actually see what is an impact of a
can actually see what is an impact of a
successful<00:11:08.480> biological<00:11:09.279> control<00:11:09.920> by<00:11:10.240> good
successful biological control by good
successful biological control by good
bugs
bugs
bugs
for<00:11:12.079> example<00:11:12.399> in<00:11:12.560> israel<00:11:13.360> where<00:11:13.519> we<00:11:13.839> employ
for example in israel where we employ
for example in israel where we employ
more<00:11:16.160> than<00:11:16.480> one<00:11:16.880> thousand<00:11:17.360> hectares<00:11:18.240> ten
more than one thousand hectares ten
more than one thousand hectares ten
thousand<00:11:19.040> donuts<00:11:19.600> in<00:11:19.760> israeli<00:11:20.240> terms<00:11:20.800> of
thousand donuts in israeli terms of
thousand donuts in israeli terms of
biological<00:11:21.760> pest-controlling<00:11:22.560> sweet<00:11:22.959> pepper
biological pest-controlling sweet pepper
biological pest-controlling sweet pepper
under<00:11:24.160> protection<00:11:25.200> seventy-five<00:11:25.760> percent<00:11:26.160> of
under protection seventy-five percent of
under protection seventy-five percent of
the<00:11:26.320> pesticides<00:11:27.120> were<00:11:27.360> actually<00:11:27.680> reduced<00:11:28.720> and
the pesticides were actually reduced and
the pesticides were actually reduced and
the<00:11:29.120> israelis<00:11:29.680> strawberries<00:11:30.320> even<00:11:30.640> more<00:11:31.360> 80
the israelis strawberries even more 80
the israelis strawberries even more 80
percent<00:11:32.079> of<00:11:32.160> the<00:11:32.240> pesticide<00:11:33.120> especially
percent of the pesticide especially
percent of the pesticide especially
those<00:11:34.079> aimed<00:11:34.720> against
those aimed against
those aimed against
pest<00:11:36.320> mites<00:11:36.800> in<00:11:36.959> strawberries<00:11:38.000> so<00:11:38.240> the<00:11:38.399> impact
pest mites in strawberries so the impact
pest mites in strawberries so the impact
is<00:11:39.120> very<00:11:39.360> strong
is very strong
is very strong
and<00:11:41.200> there<00:11:41.440> goes<00:11:41.680> the<00:11:41.839> question
and there goes the question
and there goes the question
especially<00:11:43.760> if<00:11:43.920> you<00:11:44.079> ask<00:11:44.399> growers
especially if you ask growers
especially if you ask growers
agriculturalists
agriculturalists
agriculturalists
why<00:11:46.640> biological<00:11:47.279> control<00:11:48.160> why<00:11:48.480> good<00:11:48.720> bugs
why biological control why good bugs
why biological control why good bugs
by<00:11:50.000> the<00:11:50.079> way
by the way
by the way
the<00:11:51.120> number<00:11:51.360> of<00:11:51.519> answers<00:11:51.839> you<00:11:52.000> get<00:11:52.640> equals<00:11:53.040> to
the number of answers you get equals to
the number of answers you get equals to
the<00:11:53.279> number<00:11:53.519> of<00:11:53.600> people<00:11:53.839> you<00:11:54.079> ask
the number of people you ask
the number of people you ask
but<00:11:56.399> if<00:11:56.560> we<00:11:56.800> go<00:11:57.279> for<00:11:57.440> example<00:11:57.760> to<00:11:57.920> this<00:11:58.240> place
but if we go for example to this place
but if we go for example to this place
southeast<00:11:59.920> israel<00:12:00.800> the<00:12:00.959> arava<00:12:01.519> valley<00:12:02.079> along
southeast israel the arava valley along
southeast israel the arava valley along
the<00:12:02.560> great<00:12:02.880> rift<00:12:03.279> valley
the great rift valley
the great rift valley
where<00:12:04.560> the<00:12:04.800> really<00:12:05.279> top-notch<00:12:06.079> the<00:12:06.320> pearl<00:12:06.880> of
where the really top-notch the pearl of
where the really top-notch the pearl of
the<00:12:07.200> israeli<00:12:07.600> agriculture<00:12:08.480> is<00:12:08.639> located
the israeli agriculture is located
the israeli agriculture is located
especially<00:12:10.000> under<00:12:10.240> greenhouse<00:12:10.720> conditions
especially under greenhouse conditions
especially under greenhouse conditions
or<00:12:11.600> under<00:12:11.920> screen<00:12:12.160> house<00:12:12.399> conditions<00:12:12.959> if<00:12:13.120> you
or under screen house conditions if you
or under screen house conditions if you
drive<00:12:13.519> all<00:12:13.680> the<00:12:13.760> way<00:12:13.920> to<00:12:14.079> a<00:12:14.240> lot<00:12:14.639> you<00:12:14.880> see<00:12:15.120> this
drive all the way to a lot you see this
drive all the way to a lot you see this
just<00:12:16.079> in<00:12:16.160> the<00:12:16.240> middle<00:12:16.399> of<00:12:16.560> the<00:12:16.639> desert
just in the middle of the desert
just in the middle of the desert
and<00:12:17.839> if<00:12:18.000> you<00:12:18.160> zoom<00:12:18.480> in
and if you zoom in
and if you zoom in
you<00:12:19.440> can<00:12:19.680> definitely<00:12:20.240> watch<00:12:20.480> this
you can definitely watch this
you can definitely watch this
grandparents<00:12:22.160> with<00:12:22.320> their<00:12:22.560> grandchildren
grandparents with their grandchildren
grandparents with their grandchildren
distribute<00:12:24.639> the<00:12:24.800> natural<00:12:25.279> enemies<00:12:25.680> the<00:12:25.760> good
distribute the natural enemies the good
distribute the natural enemies the good
bugs<00:12:26.560> instead<00:12:27.040> of<00:12:27.440> wearing<00:12:27.839> special<00:12:28.240> clothes
bugs instead of wearing special clothes
bugs instead of wearing special clothes
and<00:12:28.959> gas<00:12:29.279> masks<00:12:29.839> and<00:12:30.000> applied<00:12:30.320> chemicals
and gas masks and applied chemicals
and gas masks and applied chemicals
so<00:12:32.079> safety<00:12:32.639> with<00:12:32.880> respect<00:12:33.200> to<00:12:33.279> the
so safety with respect to the
so safety with respect to the
application<00:12:34.320> this<00:12:34.560> is<00:12:35.040> number<00:12:35.440> one<00:12:35.760> answer
application this is number one answer
application this is number one answer
that<00:12:36.320> we<00:12:36.480> get<00:12:36.720> from<00:12:36.959> growers<00:12:37.839> why<00:12:38.320> biological
that we get from growers why biological
that we get from growers why biological
control
control
control
number<00:12:41.279> two<00:12:41.519> many<00:12:41.760> growers<00:12:42.320> are<00:12:42.880> in<00:12:43.040> fact
number two many growers are in fact
number two many growers are in fact
petrified<00:12:44.880> from<00:12:45.120> the<00:12:45.360> idea<00:12:45.839> of<00:12:46.399> resistance
petrified from the idea of resistance
petrified from the idea of resistance
that<00:12:48.399> the<00:12:48.880> pests<00:12:49.600> will<00:12:49.839> become<00:12:50.240> resistant<00:12:51.120> to
that the pests will become resistant to
that the pests will become resistant to
the<00:12:51.440> chemicals
the chemicals
the chemicals
just<00:12:52.880> in<00:12:53.040> our<00:12:53.279> case<00:12:53.680> that<00:12:53.920> bacteria<00:12:54.639> become
just in our case that bacteria become
just in our case that bacteria become
resistant<00:12:55.360> to<00:12:55.519> antibiotics<00:12:56.560> it's<00:12:56.800> the<00:12:56.959> same
resistant to antibiotics it's the same
resistant to antibiotics it's the same
and<00:12:57.600> it<00:12:57.680> can<00:12:57.839> happen<00:12:58.240> very<00:12:58.480> quickly
and it can happen very quickly
and it can happen very quickly
fortunately<00:13:01.360> in<00:13:01.519> the<00:13:01.600> biological<00:13:02.320> control<00:13:02.880> or
fortunately in the biological control or
fortunately in the biological control or
in<00:13:03.200> the<00:13:03.360> natural<00:13:03.760> control<00:13:04.560> resistance<00:13:05.680> is
in the natural control resistance is
in the natural control resistance is
extremely<00:13:06.959> rare
extremely rare
extremely rare
it<00:13:08.320> hardly<00:13:08.720> happens<00:13:09.600> because<00:13:09.839> this<00:13:10.079> is
it hardly happens because this is
it hardly happens because this is
evolution<00:13:11.200> this<00:13:11.360> is<00:13:11.519> the<00:13:11.600> natural<00:13:12.079> issue
evolution this is the natural issue
evolution this is the natural issue
unlike<00:13:13.600> resistance<00:13:14.639> which<00:13:15.200> happens<00:13:15.600> in<00:13:15.920> the
unlike resistance which happens in the
unlike resistance which happens in the
case<00:13:16.160> of<00:13:16.320> chemicals<00:13:16.959> and<00:13:17.200> thirdly
case of chemicals and thirdly
case of chemicals and thirdly
public<00:13:19.440> demand
public demand
public demand
public<00:13:20.800> demand<00:13:21.519> the<00:13:21.680> more<00:13:21.920> the<00:13:22.160> public<00:13:22.560> the
public demand the more the public the
public demand the more the public the
public<00:13:23.040> demands<00:13:23.519> reduction<00:13:24.000> of<00:13:24.160> chemicals
public demands reduction of chemicals
public demands reduction of chemicals
more<00:13:25.600> growers<00:13:26.399> become<00:13:27.120> aware<00:13:27.600> of<00:13:27.760> the<00:13:27.920> fact
more growers become aware of the fact
more growers become aware of the fact
they<00:13:28.880> should<00:13:29.440> wherever<00:13:29.839> they<00:13:30.079> can<00:13:30.480> and
they should wherever they can and
they should wherever they can and
wherever<00:13:31.040> possible<00:13:31.680> replace<00:13:32.639> the<00:13:32.959> chemical
wherever possible replace the chemical
wherever possible replace the chemical
control<00:13:34.160> with<00:13:34.399> biological<00:13:35.040> control<00:13:35.920> even
control with biological control even
control with biological control even
here<00:13:36.639> there<00:13:36.880> is<00:13:36.959> another<00:13:37.279> grower<00:13:38.000> you<00:13:38.160> see
here there is another grower you see
here there is another grower you see
very<00:13:39.040> interested<00:13:39.519> in<00:13:39.600> the<00:13:39.760> bugs<00:13:40.160> the<00:13:40.320> bad<00:13:40.480> ones
very interested in the bugs the bad ones
very interested in the bugs the bad ones
and<00:13:40.800> the<00:13:40.959> good<00:13:41.200> ones<00:13:41.760> wearing<00:13:42.079> this<00:13:42.320> magnifier
and the good ones wearing this magnifier
and the good ones wearing this magnifier
already<00:13:43.200> on<00:13:43.360> her<00:13:43.519> head<00:13:44.000> just<00:13:44.240> walking<00:13:44.720> safely
already on her head just walking safely
already on her head just walking safely
in<00:13:45.600> her<00:13:45.839> crop
in her crop
in her crop
finally<00:13:48.000> i<00:13:48.160> want<00:13:48.320> to<00:13:48.480> get<00:13:48.720> to<00:13:48.959> actually<00:13:49.279> to<00:13:49.440> my
finally i want to get to actually to my
finally i want to get to actually to my
vision<00:13:50.399> or<00:13:50.880> in<00:13:51.040> fact<00:13:51.360> my<00:13:51.600> dream
vision or in fact my dream
vision or in fact my dream
because<00:13:52.959> you<00:13:53.040> see<00:13:53.200> this<00:13:53.360> is<00:13:53.440> the<00:13:53.600> reality
because you see this is the reality
because you see this is the reality
have<00:13:54.959> a<00:13:55.040> look<00:13:55.200> at<00:13:55.279> the<00:13:55.519> gap
have a look at the gap
have a look at the gap
if<00:13:56.480> we<00:13:56.639> take<00:13:56.880> the<00:13:57.040> overall<00:13:57.680> turnover<00:13:58.320> of<00:13:58.480> the
if we take the overall turnover of the
if we take the overall turnover of the
biocontrol<00:13:59.360> industry<00:13:59.920> worldwide<00:14:00.959> is<00:14:01.120> 250
biocontrol industry worldwide is 250
biocontrol industry worldwide is 250
million<00:14:02.240> dollars
million dollars
million dollars
and<00:14:04.240> look<00:14:04.560> at<00:14:04.720> the<00:14:04.959> overall<00:14:05.600> pesticide
and look at the overall pesticide
and look at the overall pesticide
industry<00:14:06.959> in<00:14:07.199> all<00:14:07.279> the<00:14:07.440> crops<00:14:08.000> throughout<00:14:08.320> the
industry in all the crops throughout the
industry in all the crops throughout the
world
world
world
i<00:14:09.440> think<00:14:09.680> it's
i think it's
i think it's
times<00:14:10.720> 100<00:14:11.279> or<00:14:11.360> something<00:14:11.600> like<00:14:11.760> that<00:14:12.079> 25
times 100 or something like that 25
times 100 or something like that 25
billion<00:14:13.920> so<00:14:14.160> there<00:14:14.320> is<00:14:14.480> a<00:14:14.639> huge<00:14:15.120> gap<00:14:15.600> to<00:14:15.760> bridge
billion so there is a huge gap to bridge
billion so there is a huge gap to bridge
so<00:14:17.680> actually<00:14:18.000> how<00:14:18.160> can<00:14:18.320> we<00:14:18.480> do<00:14:18.639> it<00:14:19.120> how<00:14:19.360> can<00:14:19.519> we
so actually how can we do it how can we
so actually how can we do it how can we
bridge<00:14:20.079> or<00:14:20.399> let's<00:14:20.560> say<00:14:21.040> never<00:14:21.440> disgrace<00:14:22.240> this
bridge or let's say never disgrace this
bridge or let's say never disgrace this
gap<00:14:22.720> in<00:14:22.800> the<00:14:22.959> course<00:14:23.199> of<00:14:23.279> the<00:14:23.440> years<00:14:24.079> first<00:14:24.320> of
gap in the course of the years first of
gap in the course of the years first of
all<00:14:24.560> we<00:14:24.800> need<00:14:25.279> to<00:14:25.519> find<00:14:26.000> more
all we need to find more
all we need to find more
robust<00:14:27.839> good<00:14:28.240> and<00:14:28.480> reliable<00:14:29.040> biological
robust good and reliable biological
robust good and reliable biological
solutions<00:14:30.639> more<00:14:30.959> good<00:14:31.199> bugs
solutions more good bugs
solutions more good bugs
that<00:14:32.560> we<00:14:32.720> can<00:14:33.040> either<00:14:33.519> mass<00:14:33.920> produce
that we can either mass produce
that we can either mass produce
or<00:14:35.440> actually<00:14:36.079> conserve<00:14:36.880> in<00:14:36.959> the<00:14:37.120> field
or actually conserve in the field
or actually conserve in the field
secondly<00:14:38.720> to<00:14:38.959> create<00:14:39.600> even<00:14:39.920> more<00:14:40.399> intensive
secondly to create even more intensive
secondly to create even more intensive
and<00:14:41.120> strict<00:14:41.839> public<00:14:42.160> demand<00:14:42.720> to<00:14:42.880> reduction<00:14:43.360> of
and strict public demand to reduction of
and strict public demand to reduction of
chemicals<00:14:44.079> in<00:14:44.160> the<00:14:44.240> agriculture<00:14:44.800> of<00:14:44.880> fresh
chemicals in the agriculture of fresh
chemicals in the agriculture of fresh
produce
produce
produce
and<00:14:47.120> thirdly<00:14:47.839> also<00:14:48.160> to<00:14:48.320> increase<00:14:48.639> awareness
and thirdly also to increase awareness
and thirdly also to increase awareness
by<00:14:49.600> the<00:14:49.760> growers<00:14:50.639> to<00:14:50.800> the<00:14:50.959> potential<00:14:51.760> of<00:14:51.920> this
by the growers to the potential of this
by the growers to the potential of this
industry
industry
industry
and<00:14:53.760> this<00:14:54.160> gap<00:14:54.880> really<00:14:55.279> narrows<00:14:56.000> step<00:14:56.240> by<00:14:56.560> step
and this gap really narrows step by step
and this gap really narrows step by step
it<00:14:57.360> does<00:14:58.079> never
it does never
it does never
so<00:14:59.920> i<00:15:00.000> think<00:15:00.240> my<00:15:00.480> last<00:15:00.720> slide<00:15:01.120> is
so i think my last slide is
so i think my last slide is
all<00:15:02.160> we<00:15:02.320> are<00:15:02.480> saying<00:15:02.880> we<00:15:03.040> can<00:15:03.199> actually<00:15:03.519> see<00:15:03.839> it
all we are saying we can actually see it
all we are saying we can actually see it
give<00:15:04.560> nature<00:15:05.279> a<00:15:05.440> chance<00:15:06.079> so<00:15:06.240> i'm<00:15:06.399> saying<00:15:06.639> it<00:15:06.800> on
give nature a chance so i'm saying it on
give nature a chance so i'm saying it on
behalf<00:15:07.199> of<00:15:07.360> all<00:15:07.519> the<00:15:07.680> biocontrol
behalf of all the biocontrol
behalf of all the biocontrol
practitioners<00:15:09.279> and<00:15:09.440> implementers<00:15:10.560> in<00:15:10.839> israel
practitioners and implementers in israel
practitioners and implementers in israel
and<00:15:12.079> abroad<00:15:12.880> really<00:15:13.600> give<00:15:13.839> nature<00:15:14.240> a<00:15:14.399> chance
and abroad really give nature a chance
and abroad really give nature a chance
thank<00:15:15.279> you
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