A reality check on renewables - David MacKay
[Music]
when<00:00:15.920> the<00:00:16.080> Industrial<00:00:16.560> Revolution<00:00:17.240> started
when the Industrial Revolution started
when the Industrial Revolution started
the<00:00:18.400> amount<00:00:18.600> of<00:00:18.880> carbon<00:00:19.520> sitting<00:00:19.880> underneath
the amount of carbon sitting underneath
the amount of carbon sitting underneath
Britain<00:00:21.080> in<00:00:21.199> the<00:00:21.320> form<00:00:21.519> of<00:00:22.160> coal<00:00:23.160> was<00:00:23.359> as<00:00:23.519> big
Britain in the form of coal was as big
Britain in the form of coal was as big
as<00:00:23.800> the<00:00:23.920> amount<00:00:24.160> of<00:00:24.320> carbon<00:00:24.640> sitting<00:00:25.000> under
as the amount of carbon sitting under
as the amount of carbon sitting under
Saudi<00:00:25.680> Arabia<00:00:26.320> in<00:00:26.439> the<00:00:26.519> form<00:00:26.720> of
Saudi Arabia in the form of
Saudi Arabia in the form of
oil<00:00:28.679> and<00:00:28.840> this<00:00:29.000> carbon<00:00:29.679> power<00:00:30.119> the<00:00:30.160> Industrial
oil and this carbon power the Industrial
oil and this carbon power the Industrial
Revolution<00:00:31.279> it<00:00:31.439> put<00:00:31.599> the<00:00:31.720> great<00:00:31.960> in<00:00:32.239> Great
Revolution it put the great in Great
Revolution it put the great in Great
Britain<00:00:32.960> and<00:00:33.120> led<00:00:33.360> to<00:00:33.719> Britain's<00:00:34.160> temporary
Britain and led to Britain's temporary
Britain and led to Britain's temporary
world
world
world
domination<00:00:37.280> and<00:00:37.399> then<00:00:37.520> in
domination and then in
domination and then in
198<00:00:39.840> coal<00:00:40.200> production<00:00:40.640> in<00:00:40.800> Britain<00:00:41.160> peaked
198 coal production in Britain peaked
198 coal production in Britain peaked
and<00:00:41.960> has<00:00:42.120> declined<00:00:42.600> ever<00:00:43.160> since<00:00:44.160> in<00:00:44.320> due
and has declined ever since in due
and has declined ever since in due
course<00:00:44.879> Britain<00:00:45.160> started<00:00:45.480> using<00:00:45.960> oil<00:00:46.160> and<00:00:46.440> gas
course Britain started using oil and gas
course Britain started using oil and gas
from<00:00:46.879> the<00:00:47.000> North<00:00:47.280> Sea<00:00:48.280> and<00:00:48.440> in<00:00:48.520> the<00:00:48.640> year<00:00:49.239> 2000
from the North Sea and in the year 2000
from the North Sea and in the year 2000
oil<00:00:50.480> and<00:00:50.719> gas<00:00:51.000> production<00:00:51.399> from<00:00:51.559> the<00:00:51.680> North
oil and gas production from the North
oil and gas production from the North
Sea<00:00:52.359> also<00:00:52.719> peaked<00:00:53.640> and<00:00:53.760> then<00:00:53.960> now<00:00:54.120> on<00:00:54.280> the<00:00:54.760> on
Sea also peaked and then now on the on
Sea also peaked and then now on the on
the
the
the
decline<00:00:57.399> these<00:00:57.640> observations<00:00:58.399> about<00:00:58.800> the
decline these observations about the
decline these observations about the
finiteness<00:01:00.039> of<00:01:00.280> easily<00:01:00.800> accessible<00:01:01.719> local
finiteness of easily accessible local
finiteness of easily accessible local
secure<00:01:02.879> fossil<00:01:03.640> fuels<00:01:04.640> this<00:01:04.760> is<00:01:04.879> a<00:01:05.080> motivation
secure fossil fuels this is a motivation
secure fossil fuels this is a motivation
for<00:01:06.040> saying<00:01:06.640> well<00:01:06.960> what's<00:01:07.320> next<00:01:08.200> what<00:01:08.479> is<00:01:08.759> life
for saying well what's next what is life
for saying well what's next what is life
after<00:01:09.320> fossil<00:01:09.600> fuels<00:01:09.920> going<00:01:10.040> to<00:01:10.159> be<00:01:10.320> like
after fossil fuels going to be like
after fossil fuels going to be like
shouldn't<00:01:10.759> we<00:01:10.920> be<00:01:11.080> thinking<00:01:11.439> hard<00:01:11.720> about<00:01:12.240> how
shouldn't we be thinking hard about how
shouldn't we be thinking hard about how
to<00:01:12.560> get<00:01:12.720> off<00:01:13.159> fossil<00:01:13.439> fuels<00:01:14.080> another
to get off fossil fuels another
to get off fossil fuels another
motivation<00:01:15.000> of<00:01:15.159> course<00:01:15.799> is<00:01:16.119> climate<00:01:16.840> change
motivation of course is climate change
motivation of course is climate change
and<00:01:18.040> when<00:01:18.200> people<00:01:18.479> talk<00:01:18.720> about<00:01:18.960> life<00:01:19.159> after
and when people talk about life after
and when people talk about life after
fossil<00:01:19.680> fuels<00:01:20.119> and<00:01:20.320> climate<00:01:20.600> change<00:01:21.040> action<00:01:22.040> I
fossil fuels and climate change action I
fossil fuels and climate change action I
think<00:01:22.280> there's<00:01:22.479> a<00:01:22.640> lot<00:01:22.920> of<00:01:23.920> fluff<00:01:24.280> a<00:01:24.360> lot<00:01:24.479> of
think there's a lot of fluff a lot of
think there's a lot of fluff a lot of
greenwash<00:01:25.320> a<00:01:25.439> lot<00:01:25.560> of<00:01:25.840> misleading
greenwash a lot of misleading
greenwash a lot of misleading
advertising<00:01:27.439> and<00:01:27.560> I<00:01:27.680> feel<00:01:27.840> a<00:01:28.040> duty<00:01:28.439> as<00:01:28.520> a
advertising and I feel a duty as a
advertising and I feel a duty as a
physicist<00:01:29.560> to<00:01:29.920> try<00:01:30.119> to<00:01:30.439> guide<00:01:30.680> people<00:01:30.920> around
physicist to try to guide people around
physicist to try to guide people around
the<00:01:31.320> clap<00:01:31.680> trap<00:01:32.079> and<00:01:32.240> help<00:01:32.479> people<00:01:33.159> understand
the clap trap and help people understand
the clap trap and help people understand
the<00:01:33.840> actions<00:01:34.200> that<00:01:34.399> really<00:01:34.600> make<00:01:34.799> a
the actions that really make a
the actions that really make a
difference<00:01:35.720> and<00:01:35.840> to<00:01:36.040> focus<00:01:36.360> on<00:01:36.840> ideas<00:01:37.280> that<00:01:37.439> do
difference and to focus on ideas that do
difference and to focus on ideas that do
add
add
add
up<00:01:40.280> let<00:01:40.399> me<00:01:40.560> illustrate<00:01:41.159> this<00:01:41.960> with<00:01:42.280> what
up let me illustrate this with what
up let me illustrate this with what
physicists<00:01:42.960> call<00:01:43.280> a<00:01:43.399> back<00:01:43.560> of<00:01:43.720> envelope
physicists call a back of envelope
physicists call a back of envelope
calculation<00:01:45.439> we<00:01:45.600> love<00:01:45.880> back<00:01:46.040> of<00:01:46.119> envelope
calculation we love back of envelope
calculation we love back of envelope
calculations<00:01:47.119> you<00:01:47.280> ask<00:01:47.439> a<00:01:47.640> question<00:01:48.000> you
calculations you ask a question you
calculations you ask a question you
write<00:01:48.360> down<00:01:48.520> some<00:01:48.680> numbers<00:01:49.000> and<00:01:49.119> you<00:01:49.240> get
write down some numbers and you get
write down some numbers and you get
yourself<00:01:49.680> an<00:01:49.840> answer<00:01:50.479> it<00:01:50.640> may<00:01:50.759> not<00:01:50.920> be<00:01:51.119> very
yourself an answer it may not be very
yourself an answer it may not be very
accurate<00:01:51.880> but<00:01:52.000> it<00:01:52.159> may<00:01:52.360> make<00:01:52.520> you<00:01:52.680> say<00:01:53.159> hm<00:01:53.799> so
accurate but it may make you say hm so
accurate but it may make you say hm so
here's<00:01:54.119> a<00:01:54.399> question<00:01:55.399> imagine<00:01:56.240> if<00:01:56.520> we<00:01:56.640> said<00:01:56.960> oh
here's a question imagine if we said oh
here's a question imagine if we said oh
yes<00:01:57.280> we<00:01:57.360> can<00:01:57.520> get<00:01:57.640> off<00:01:57.840> fossil<00:01:58.079> fuels<00:01:58.360> we'll
yes we can get off fossil fuels we'll
yes we can get off fossil fuels we'll
use<00:01:58.759> biofuels<00:01:59.439> problem<00:02:00.240> transport<00:02:01.159> uh<00:02:01.439> we
use biofuels problem transport uh we
use biofuels problem transport uh we
don't<00:02:01.680> need<00:02:01.840> oil<00:02:02.119> anymore<00:02:02.799> well<00:02:03.799> what<00:02:04.320> if<00:02:05.000> we
don't need oil anymore well what if we
don't need oil anymore well what if we
grew<00:02:05.680> the<00:02:06.159> biofuels<00:02:07.119> for<00:02:07.600> a<00:02:07.920> road<00:02:08.920> on<00:02:09.239> the
grew the biofuels for a road on the
grew the biofuels for a road on the
grass<00:02:10.000> Verge<00:02:10.560> at<00:02:10.720> the<00:02:10.800> edge<00:02:11.000> of<00:02:11.120> the<00:02:11.599> road<00:02:12.599> how
grass Verge at the edge of the road how
grass Verge at the edge of the road how
wide<00:02:13.760> would<00:02:13.959> The<00:02:14.120> Verge<00:02:14.640> have<00:02:14.840> to<00:02:15.000> be<00:02:15.360> for<00:02:15.560> that
wide would The Verge have to be for that
wide would The Verge have to be for that
to<00:02:15.879> work<00:02:16.120> out<00:02:16.840> okay<00:02:16.959> so<00:02:17.120> let's<00:02:17.280> put<00:02:17.440> in<00:02:17.560> some
to work out okay so let's put in some
to work out okay so let's put in some
numbers<00:02:18.480> let's<00:02:18.680> have<00:02:18.800> our<00:02:19.000> cars<00:02:19.360> go<00:02:19.560> at<00:02:19.800> 60<00:02:20.160> M
numbers let's have our cars go at 60 M
numbers let's have our cars go at 60 M
hour<00:02:21.280> let's<00:02:21.480> say<00:02:21.680> they<00:02:21.800> do<00:02:22.000> 30<00:02:22.319> m<00:02:22.599> per<00:02:22.800> gallon
hour let's say they do 30 m per gallon
hour let's say they do 30 m per gallon
that's<00:02:23.440> the<00:02:24.200> European<00:02:24.640> average<00:02:24.959> for<00:02:25.120> new<00:02:25.360> cars
that's the European average for new cars
that's the European average for new cars
let's<00:02:26.519> say<00:02:26.720> the<00:02:26.879> productivity<00:02:27.400> of<00:02:27.519> biofuel
let's say the productivity of biofuel
let's say the productivity of biofuel
plantations<00:02:28.599> is<00:02:28.800> 1,200<00:02:29.599> l<00:02:30.080> of<00:02:30.200> biofuel<00:02:30.720> per
plantations is 1,200 l of biofuel per
plantations is 1,200 l of biofuel per
hectare<00:02:31.280> per<00:02:31.440> year<00:02:31.800> that's<00:02:32.160> true<00:02:32.400> of<00:02:32.680> European
hectare per year that's true of European
hectare per year that's true of European
biofuels<00:02:34.640> and<00:02:34.800> let's<00:02:35.040> imagine<00:02:35.360> the<00:02:35.480> cars<00:02:35.760> are
biofuels and let's imagine the cars are
biofuels and let's imagine the cars are
spaced<00:02:36.440> 80<00:02:37.000> M<00:02:37.360> apart<00:02:37.599> from<00:02:37.720> each<00:02:37.920> other<00:02:38.120> and
spaced 80 M apart from each other and
spaced 80 M apart from each other and
they're<00:02:38.360> just<00:02:38.519> perpetually<00:02:39.000> going<00:02:39.239> along
they're just perpetually going along
they're just perpetually going along
this<00:02:39.720> road<00:02:40.239> the<00:02:40.400> length<00:02:40.640> of<00:02:40.760> the<00:02:40.879> road<00:02:41.120> doesn't
this road the length of the road doesn't
this road the length of the road doesn't
matter<00:02:41.680> because<00:02:41.920> the<00:02:42.000> longer<00:02:42.280> the<00:02:42.360> road<00:02:42.599> the
matter because the longer the road the
matter because the longer the road the
more<00:02:42.879> biofuel<00:02:43.400> Plantation<00:02:43.879> we've<00:02:44.080> got<00:02:45.000> what
more biofuel Plantation we've got what
more biofuel Plantation we've got what
do<00:02:45.200> we<00:02:45.280> do<00:02:45.400> with<00:02:45.560> these<00:02:45.680> numbers<00:02:46.040> well<00:02:46.159> you
do we do with these numbers well you
do we do with these numbers well you
take<00:02:46.400> the<00:02:46.560> first<00:02:46.800> number<00:02:47.200> and<00:02:47.319> you<00:02:47.480> divide<00:02:47.840> by
take the first number and you divide by
take the first number and you divide by
the<00:02:48.080> other<00:02:48.280> three<00:02:48.599> and<00:02:48.720> you<00:02:48.920> get<00:02:49.360> 8<00:02:49.760> kilm<00:02:50.440> and
the other three and you get 8 kilm and
the other three and you get 8 kilm and
that's<00:02:50.800> the<00:02:50.920> answer<00:02:51.599> that's<00:02:51.959> how<00:02:52.319> wide<00:02:52.760> the
that's the answer that's how wide the
that's the answer that's how wide the
plantation<00:02:53.360> would<00:02:53.560> have<00:02:53.680> to<00:02:53.800> be<00:02:54.319> given<00:02:54.959> these
plantation would have to be given these
plantation would have to be given these
assumptions<00:02:56.599> and<00:02:56.760> maybe<00:02:57.080> that<00:02:57.239> makes<00:02:57.480> you<00:02:57.680> say
assumptions and maybe that makes you say
assumptions and maybe that makes you say
hm<00:02:59.360> maybe<00:02:59.640> this<00:02:59.879> isn't<00:03:00.080> going<00:03:00.159> to<00:03:00.280> be<00:03:00.480> quite<00:03:00.720> so
hm maybe this isn't going to be quite so
hm maybe this isn't going to be quite so
easy<00:03:03.720> and<00:03:04.519> it<00:03:04.680> might<00:03:04.920> make<00:03:05.040> you<00:03:05.280> think<00:03:06.120> perhaps
easy and it might make you think perhaps
easy and it might make you think perhaps
there's<00:03:06.599> an<00:03:06.760> issue<00:03:07.080> to<00:03:07.239> do<00:03:07.440> with<00:03:07.799> areas<00:03:08.560> and<00:03:08.959> in
there's an issue to do with areas and in
there's an issue to do with areas and in
this<00:03:09.319> talk<00:03:09.519> I'd<00:03:09.680> like<00:03:09.840> to<00:03:09.959> talk<00:03:10.120> about<00:03:10.360> land
this talk I'd like to talk about land
this talk I'd like to talk about land
areas<00:03:11.400> and<00:03:11.879> ask<00:03:12.480> is<00:03:12.640> there<00:03:12.799> an<00:03:12.920> issue<00:03:13.200> about
areas and ask is there an issue about
areas and ask is there an issue about
areas<00:03:13.920> the<00:03:14.040> answer<00:03:14.280> is<00:03:14.400> going<00:03:14.519> to<00:03:14.640> be<00:03:15.640> yes<00:03:16.000> but
areas the answer is going to be yes but
areas the answer is going to be yes but
it<00:03:16.239> depends<00:03:16.680> which<00:03:16.920> country<00:03:17.599> you<00:03:17.760> are<00:03:18.040> in<00:03:18.599> so
it depends which country you are in so
it depends which country you are in so
let's<00:03:19.120> start<00:03:19.720> in<00:03:19.840> the<00:03:19.959> United<00:03:20.319> Kingdom<00:03:20.680> since
let's start in the United Kingdom since
let's start in the United Kingdom since
that's<00:03:21.360> where<00:03:21.560> we<00:03:21.680> are<00:03:22.040> today<00:03:23.040> the<00:03:23.239> energy
that's where we are today the energy
that's where we are today the energy
consumption<00:03:24.120> of<00:03:24.239> the<00:03:24.360> United<00:03:24.959> Kingdom<00:03:25.319> the
consumption of the United Kingdom the
consumption of the United Kingdom the
total<00:03:25.799> energy<00:03:26.120> consumption<00:03:26.599> not<00:03:26.760> just
total energy consumption not just
total energy consumption not just
transport<00:03:27.920> um<00:03:28.120> but<00:03:28.760> everything<00:03:29.799> I<00:03:29.920> like<00:03:30.080> to
transport um but everything I like to
transport um but everything I like to
quantify<00:03:30.560> it<00:03:30.640> in<00:03:30.799> light<00:03:31.040> bulbs<00:03:31.400> it's<00:03:31.560> as<00:03:31.720> if<00:03:32.280> uh
quantify it in light bulbs it's as if uh
quantify it in light bulbs it's as if uh
we've<00:03:32.519> all<00:03:32.680> got<00:03:32.879> 125<00:03:33.840> light<00:03:34.080> bulbs<00:03:34.439> on<00:03:34.720> all<00:03:34.920> the
we've all got 125 light bulbs on all the
we've all got 125 light bulbs on all the
time<00:03:35.439> 125<00:03:36.439> kilow<00:03:36.840> hours<00:03:37.360> per<00:03:37.560> day<00:03:37.920> per<00:03:38.200> person
time 125 kilow hours per day per person
time 125 kilow hours per day per person
is<00:03:39.040> the<00:03:39.720> energy<00:03:40.080> consumption<00:03:40.680> of<00:03:40.840> the<00:03:41.000> UK<00:03:42.000> so
is the energy consumption of the UK so
is the energy consumption of the UK so
there's<00:03:42.799> 40<00:03:43.159> light<00:03:43.360> bulbs<00:03:43.720> worth<00:03:43.920> for
there's 40 light bulbs worth for
there's 40 light bulbs worth for
transport<00:03:44.640> 40<00:03:44.959> light<00:03:45.159> bulbs<00:03:45.439> worth<00:03:45.640> for
transport 40 light bulbs worth for
transport 40 light bulbs worth for
heating<00:03:46.360> and<00:03:46.480> 40<00:03:46.840> light<00:03:47.080> bulbs<00:03:47.400> worth<00:03:47.640> for
heating and 40 light bulbs worth for
heating and 40 light bulbs worth for
making<00:03:48.239> electricity<00:03:48.920> and<00:03:49.200> other<00:03:49.439> things<00:03:49.680> are
making electricity and other things are
making electricity and other things are
relatively<00:03:50.400> small<00:03:50.760> compared<00:03:51.080> to<00:03:51.239> those<00:03:51.480> three
relatively small compared to those three
relatively small compared to those three
big<00:03:52.560> fish<00:03:53.560> it's<00:03:53.799> actually<00:03:54.239> a<00:03:54.360> bigger
big fish it's actually a bigger
big fish it's actually a bigger
footprint<00:03:55.120> if<00:03:55.200> we<00:03:55.360> take<00:03:55.519> into<00:03:55.799> account<00:03:56.079> the
footprint if we take into account the
footprint if we take into account the
embodied<00:03:56.720> energy<00:03:57.040> and<00:03:57.159> the<00:03:57.319> stuff<00:03:57.560> we<00:03:57.799> import
embodied energy and the stuff we import
embodied energy and the stuff we import
into<00:03:58.519> our<00:03:58.720> country<00:03:59.079> as<00:03:59.200> well<00:04:00.040> and<00:04:00.560> 90%<00:04:01.280> of<00:04:01.480> this
into our country as well and 90% of this
into our country as well and 90% of this
energy<00:04:02.120> today<00:04:02.920> still<00:04:03.360> comes<00:04:03.680> from<00:04:03.920> fossil
energy today still comes from fossil
energy today still comes from fossil
fuels<00:04:04.599> and<00:04:04.760> 10%<00:04:05.519> only<00:04:05.879> from<00:04:06.079> other<00:04:06.680> Greener
fuels and 10% only from other Greener
fuels and 10% only from other Greener
possibly<00:04:07.480> Greener<00:04:07.799> sources<00:04:08.239> like<00:04:08.400> nuclear
possibly Greener sources like nuclear
possibly Greener sources like nuclear
power<00:04:09.280> and
power and
power and
Renewables<00:04:11.799> so<00:04:12.799> that's<00:04:13.040> the<00:04:13.200> UK<00:04:14.200> and<00:04:14.480> the
Renewables so that's the UK and the
Renewables so that's the UK and the
population<00:04:15.239> density<00:04:15.599> of<00:04:15.760> the<00:04:15.879> UK<00:04:16.280> is<00:04:16.479> 250
population density of the UK is 250
population density of the UK is 250
people<00:04:17.840> per<00:04:18.079> square<00:04:18.519> kilometer<00:04:19.280> and<00:04:19.400> I'm<00:04:19.519> now
people per square kilometer and I'm now
people per square kilometer and I'm now
going<00:04:19.759> to<00:04:19.919> show<00:04:20.120> you<00:04:20.400> other<00:04:20.639> countries<00:04:21.120> by
going to show you other countries by
going to show you other countries by
these<00:04:21.440> same<00:04:21.639> two<00:04:21.799> measures<00:04:22.160> on<00:04:22.280> the<00:04:22.440> vertical
these same two measures on the vertical
these same two measures on the vertical
axis<00:04:23.400> I'm<00:04:23.520> going<00:04:23.600> to<00:04:23.759> show<00:04:23.960> you<00:04:24.400> how<00:04:24.560> much
axis I'm going to show you how much
axis I'm going to show you how much
light<00:04:25.160> bulbs<00:04:25.880> what<00:04:26.000> our<00:04:26.160> energy<00:04:26.479> consumption
light bulbs what our energy consumption
light bulbs what our energy consumption
per<00:04:27.160> person<00:04:27.720> is<00:04:28.160> and<00:04:28.280> we're<00:04:28.440> at<00:04:28.639> 125<00:04:29.360> light
per person is and we're at 125 light
per person is and we're at 125 light
bulbs<00:04:29.680> PS<00:04:29.880> for<00:04:30.039> person<00:04:30.280> and<00:04:30.440> that<00:04:30.600> little<00:04:30.840> blue
bulbs PS for person and that little blue
bulbs PS for person and that little blue
dot<00:04:31.600> there<00:04:32.000> is<00:04:32.120> showing<00:04:32.440> you<00:04:32.639> the<00:04:32.919> land<00:04:33.360> area
dot there is showing you the land area
dot there is showing you the land area
of<00:04:34.039> the<00:04:34.199> United<00:04:34.840> Kingdom<00:04:35.840> and<00:04:36.080> the<00:04:36.240> population
of the United Kingdom and the population
of the United Kingdom and the population
density<00:04:37.120> is<00:04:37.199> on<00:04:37.320> the<00:04:37.440> horizontal<00:04:37.960> axis<00:04:38.280> and
density is on the horizontal axis and
density is on the horizontal axis and
we're<00:04:38.560> at<00:04:38.720> 250<00:04:39.600> people<00:04:40.039> per<00:04:40.240> square<00:04:40.560> kilometer
we're at 250 people per square kilometer
we're at 250 people per square kilometer
let's<00:04:41.479> add<00:04:41.759> European<00:04:42.320> countries<00:04:42.720> in<00:04:43.080> blue<00:04:44.080> and
let's add European countries in blue and
let's add European countries in blue and
you<00:04:45.039> can<00:04:45.160> see<00:04:45.400> there's<00:04:45.720> quite<00:04:45.880> a<00:04:46.039> variety<00:04:46.600> I
you can see there's quite a variety I
you can see there's quite a variety I
should<00:04:46.880> emphasize<00:04:47.560> both<00:04:47.720> of<00:04:47.880> these<00:04:48.120> axes<00:04:48.560> are
should emphasize both of these axes are
should emphasize both of these axes are
logarithmic<00:04:49.520> as<00:04:49.600> you<00:04:49.720> go<00:04:49.880> from<00:04:50.039> one<00:04:50.280> gray<00:04:50.600> bar
logarithmic as you go from one gray bar
logarithmic as you go from one gray bar
to<00:04:51.199> the<00:04:51.320> next<00:04:51.560> Gray<00:04:51.840> Bar<00:04:52.000> you're<00:04:52.160> going<00:04:52.320> up<00:04:52.520> a
to the next Gray Bar you're going up a
to the next Gray Bar you're going up a
factor<00:04:52.919> of
factor of
factor of
10<00:04:54.800> next<00:04:55.039> let's<00:04:55.240> add<00:04:55.479> Asia<00:04:55.880> in<00:04:56.120> red<00:04:57.080> middle
10 next let's add Asia in red middle
10 next let's add Asia in red middle
Easter<00:04:57.520> and<00:04:57.680> North<00:04:57.960> Africa<00:04:58.400> in<00:04:58.639> green
Easter and North Africa in green
Easter and North Africa in green
subsaharan<00:05:01.479> Africa<00:05:02.039> in
subsaharan Africa in
subsaharan Africa in
blue<00:05:04.240> black<00:05:04.720> is<00:05:05.039> South
blue black is South
blue black is South
America<00:05:07.680> purple<00:05:08.160> is<00:05:08.360> Central
America purple is Central
America purple is Central
America<00:05:10.280> and<00:05:10.479> then<00:05:10.720> in<00:05:10.919> pukey<00:05:11.360> yellow<00:05:11.759> we<00:05:11.919> have
America and then in pukey yellow we have
America and then in pukey yellow we have
North<00:05:12.440> America<00:05:13.120> Australia<00:05:13.800> and<00:05:14.000> New
North America Australia and New
North America Australia and New
Zealand<00:05:15.720> and<00:05:15.840> you<00:05:15.919> can<00:05:16.039> see<00:05:16.240> the<00:05:16.400> great
Zealand and you can see the great
Zealand and you can see the great
diversity<00:05:17.320> of<00:05:17.520> population<00:05:17.960> densities<00:05:18.720> and<00:05:19.120> of
diversity of population densities and of
diversity of population densities and of
per<00:05:19.840> capita<00:05:20.600> consumptions<00:05:21.600> countries<00:05:22.080> are
per capita consumptions countries are
per capita consumptions countries are
different<00:05:22.800> from<00:05:23.000> each<00:05:23.160> other<00:05:23.880> top<00:05:24.160> left<00:05:24.639> we
different from each other top left we
different from each other top left we
have<00:05:25.039> Canada<00:05:25.400> and<00:05:25.560> Australia<00:05:26.000> with<00:05:26.120> enormous
have Canada and Australia with enormous
have Canada and Australia with enormous
land<00:05:26.720> areas<00:05:27.479> very<00:05:27.800> high<00:05:28.000> per<00:05:28.199> capita
land areas very high per capita
land areas very high per capita
consumption<00:05:29.160> 200<00:05:29.360> or<00:05:29.720> 300<00:05:30.199> light<00:05:30.479> bulbs<00:05:30.880> per
consumption 200 or 300 light bulbs per
consumption 200 or 300 light bulbs per
person<00:05:32.039> and<00:05:32.560> very<00:05:32.880> low<00:05:33.360> population
person and very low population
person and very low population
densities<00:05:35.600> top<00:05:35.880> right<00:05:36.240> Bahrain<00:05:36.840> has<00:05:36.960> the<00:05:37.120> same
densities top right Bahrain has the same
densities top right Bahrain has the same
energy<00:05:38.120> consumption<00:05:38.680> per<00:05:38.880> person<00:05:39.280> roughly<00:05:39.639> as
energy consumption per person roughly as
energy consumption per person roughly as
Canada<00:05:40.800> over<00:05:41.080> 300<00:05:41.560> light<00:05:41.800> bulbs<00:05:42.160> per<00:05:42.360> person
Canada over 300 light bulbs per person
Canada over 300 light bulbs per person
but<00:05:43.120> their<00:05:43.319> population<00:05:43.759> density<00:05:44.120> is<00:05:44.199> a<00:05:44.319> factor
but their population density is a factor
but their population density is a factor
of<00:05:44.720> 300<00:05:45.319> times<00:05:45.600> greater<00:05:45.960> a<00:05:46.120> th000<00:05:46.440> people<00:05:46.720> per
of 300 times greater a th000 people per
of 300 times greater a th000 people per
square<00:05:47.199> kilometer<00:05:47.960> bottom<00:05:48.319> right<00:05:48.680> Bangladesh
square kilometer bottom right Bangladesh
square kilometer bottom right Bangladesh
has<00:05:49.759> the<00:05:49.960> same<00:05:50.360> population<00:05:50.880> density<00:05:51.800> as
has the same population density as
has the same population density as
Bahrain<00:05:52.800> but<00:05:53.000> consumes<00:05:53.560> 100<00:05:53.880> times<00:05:54.280> less<00:05:54.880> per
Bahrain but consumes 100 times less per
Bahrain but consumes 100 times less per
person<00:05:56.400> bottom<00:05:56.800> left<00:05:57.680> well<00:05:58.039> there's<00:05:58.240> no<00:05:58.440> one
person bottom left well there's no one
person bottom left well there's no one
but<00:05:59.680> there<00:05:59.800> used<00:06:00.000> to<00:06:00.080> be<00:06:00.199> a<00:06:00.280> whole<00:06:00.440> load<00:06:00.639> of
but there used to be a whole load of
but there used to be a whole load of
people<00:06:01.039> here's<00:06:01.240> another<00:06:01.560> message<00:06:01.960> from<00:06:02.240> this
people here's another message from this
people here's another message from this
diagram<00:06:03.120> I've<00:06:03.319> added<00:06:03.560> on<00:06:03.800> little<00:06:04.000> blue<00:06:04.319> Tales
diagram I've added on little blue Tales
diagram I've added on little blue Tales
behind<00:06:05.240> Sudan<00:06:06.080> Libya<00:06:06.720> China<00:06:07.080> India
behind Sudan Libya China India
behind Sudan Libya China India
Bangladesh<00:06:08.080> that's<00:06:08.440> 15<00:06:08.800> years<00:06:09.000> of<00:06:09.280> progress
Bangladesh that's 15 years of progress
Bangladesh that's 15 years of progress
where<00:06:10.280> were<00:06:10.440> they<00:06:10.599> 15<00:06:10.880> years<00:06:11.039> ago<00:06:11.319> and<00:06:11.479> where
where were they 15 years ago and where
where were they 15 years ago and where
are<00:06:11.759> they<00:06:11.960> now<00:06:12.560> and<00:06:12.720> the<00:06:12.840> message<00:06:13.160> is<00:06:13.639> most
are they now and the message is most
are they now and the message is most
countries<00:06:14.240> are<00:06:14.400> going<00:06:14.599> to<00:06:14.759> the<00:06:14.919> right<00:06:15.240> and
countries are going to the right and
countries are going to the right and
they're<00:06:15.599> going<00:06:15.800> up<00:06:16.199> up<00:06:16.360> and<00:06:16.479> to<00:06:16.639> the<00:06:16.759> right
they're going up up and to the right
they're going up up and to the right
bigger<00:06:17.680> population<00:06:18.120> density<00:06:18.800> and<00:06:19.120> higher<00:06:19.560> per
bigger population density and higher per
bigger population density and higher per
capita<00:06:20.080> consumption<00:06:20.960> so<00:06:21.680> we<00:06:21.880> may<00:06:22.120> be<00:06:22.280> off<00:06:22.440> in
capita consumption so we may be off in
capita consumption so we may be off in
the<00:06:22.680> top<00:06:22.880> right<00:06:23.080> hand<00:06:23.199> corner<00:06:23.759> slightly
the top right hand corner slightly
the top right hand corner slightly
unusual<00:06:24.800> the<00:06:24.919> United<00:06:25.280> Kingdom<00:06:25.800> accompanied
unusual the United Kingdom accompanied
unusual the United Kingdom accompanied
by<00:06:26.560> Germany<00:06:27.319> Japan<00:06:27.880> South<00:06:28.160> Korea<00:06:28.520> the
by Germany Japan South Korea the
by Germany Japan South Korea the
Netherlands<00:06:29.160> and<00:06:29.240> a<00:06:29.319> bunch<00:06:29.639> of<00:06:29.759> other
Netherlands and a bunch of other
Netherlands and a bunch of other
slightly<00:06:30.240> odd<00:06:30.720> countries<00:06:31.720> but<00:06:32.680> many<00:06:33.000> other
slightly odd countries but many other
slightly odd countries but many other
countries<00:06:33.520> are<00:06:33.720> coming<00:06:34.000> up<00:06:34.319> and<00:06:34.479> to<00:06:34.599> the<00:06:34.759> right
countries are coming up and to the right
countries are coming up and to the right
to<00:06:35.120> come<00:06:35.240> and<00:06:35.400> join<00:06:35.639> us<00:06:35.840> so<00:06:36.039> we're<00:06:36.440> a<00:06:36.759> picture
to come and join us so we're a picture
to come and join us so we're a picture
if<00:06:37.199> you<00:06:37.360> like<00:06:37.599> of<00:06:38.360> what<00:06:38.520> the<00:06:38.680> future<00:06:39.080> energy
if you like of what the future energy
if you like of what the future energy
consumption<00:06:40.039> might<00:06:40.599> be<00:06:40.919> looking<00:06:41.240> like<00:06:41.440> in
consumption might be looking like in
consumption might be looking like in
other<00:06:41.840> countries
other countries
other countries
too<00:06:43.840> um<00:06:44.199> and<00:06:44.360> I've<00:06:44.520> also<00:06:44.759> added<00:06:45.080> in<00:06:45.280> this
too um and I've also added in this
too um and I've also added in this
diagram<00:06:46.120> now<00:06:46.360> some<00:06:46.560> pink<00:06:46.840> lines<00:06:47.160> that<00:06:47.360> go<00:06:47.800> down
diagram now some pink lines that go down
diagram now some pink lines that go down
and<00:06:48.160> to<00:06:48.319> the<00:06:48.479> right<00:06:49.120> those<00:06:49.280> are<00:06:49.479> lines<00:06:49.720> of
and to the right those are lines of
and to the right those are lines of
equal<00:06:50.680> power<00:06:51.000> consumption<00:06:51.759> per<00:06:52.000> unit<00:06:52.400> area
equal power consumption per unit area
equal power consumption per unit area
which<00:06:53.000> I<00:06:53.160> measure<00:06:53.560> in<00:06:53.840> watts<00:06:54.199> per<00:06:54.360> square
which I measure in watts per square
which I measure in watts per square
meter<00:06:55.039> so<00:06:55.199> for<00:06:55.360> example<00:06:55.680> the<00:06:55.840> middle<00:06:56.160> line
meter so for example the middle line
meter so for example the middle line
there<00:06:56.759> 0.1<00:06:57.560> watts<00:06:57.840> per<00:06:57.960> square<00:06:58.240> meter<00:06:58.919> is<00:06:59.080> the
there 0.1 watts per square meter is the
there 0.1 watts per square meter is the
consumption<00:07:00.160> per<00:07:00.280> unit<00:07:00.599> area<00:07:01.199> of<00:07:01.720> Saudi
consumption per unit area of Saudi
consumption per unit area of Saudi
Arabia<00:07:02.759> Norway<00:07:03.560> Mexico<00:07:04.039> in<00:07:04.280> purple<00:07:04.800> and
Arabia Norway Mexico in purple and
Arabia Norway Mexico in purple and
Bangladesh<00:07:05.800> 15<00:07:06.199> years
Bangladesh 15 years
Bangladesh 15 years
ago<00:07:08.160> and<00:07:08.800> half<00:07:09.000> of<00:07:09.120> the<00:07:09.240> world's<00:07:09.639> population
ago and half of the world's population
ago and half of the world's population
lives<00:07:10.599> in<00:07:10.759> countries<00:07:11.120> that<00:07:11.240> are<00:07:11.440> already
lives in countries that are already
lives in countries that are already
above<00:07:12.319> that
above that
above that
line<00:07:14.960> the<00:07:15.080> United<00:07:15.560> Kingdom<00:07:16.440> is<00:07:16.680> consuming
line the United Kingdom is consuming
line the United Kingdom is consuming
1.25<00:07:18.759> watts<00:07:19.120> per<00:07:19.280> square<00:07:19.560> meter<00:07:20.120> so<00:07:20.319> is
1.25 watts per square meter so is
1.25 watts per square meter so is
Germany<00:07:21.000> and<00:07:21.160> Japan<00:07:21.479> is<00:07:21.680> consuming<00:07:22.240> a<00:07:22.400> bit
Germany and Japan is consuming a bit
Germany and Japan is consuming a bit
more<00:07:24.800> so<00:07:25.800> let's<00:07:26.520> now<00:07:27.199> say<00:07:27.560> why<00:07:27.720> this<00:07:27.800> is
more so let's now say why this is
more so let's now say why this is
relevant<00:07:28.479> why<00:07:28.599> is<00:07:28.680> it<00:07:28.840> relevant<00:07:29.840> well<00:07:30.000> we<00:07:30.120> can
relevant why is it relevant well we can
relevant why is it relevant well we can
measure<00:07:30.759> Renewables<00:07:31.759> in<00:07:31.879> the<00:07:32.039> same<00:07:32.280> units<00:07:32.800> and
measure Renewables in the same units and
measure Renewables in the same units and
other<00:07:33.240> forms<00:07:33.520> of<00:07:33.720> power<00:07:34.000> production<00:07:34.479> in<00:07:34.599> the
other forms of power production in the
other forms of power production in the
same<00:07:34.960> units<00:07:35.960> and<00:07:36.120> Renewables<00:07:36.879> is<00:07:37.039> one<00:07:37.160> of<00:07:37.280> the
same units and Renewables is one of the
same units and Renewables is one of the
leading<00:07:38.280> ideas<00:07:38.720> for<00:07:39.199> how<00:07:39.400> we<00:07:39.520> could<00:07:39.759> get<00:07:39.919> off
leading ideas for how we could get off
leading ideas for how we could get off
our<00:07:40.479> 90%<00:07:41.160> fossil<00:07:41.479> fuel<00:07:42.120> habit<00:07:43.120> so<00:07:43.360> here<00:07:43.479> come
our 90% fossil fuel habit so here come
our 90% fossil fuel habit so here come
some<00:07:43.840> Renewables<00:07:44.400> energy<00:07:44.759> crops<00:07:45.240> deliver
some Renewables energy crops deliver
some Renewables energy crops deliver
half<00:07:45.919> a<00:07:46.080> watt<00:07:46.360> per<00:07:46.520> square<00:07:46.800> meter<00:07:47.159> in<00:07:47.319> European
half a watt per square meter in European
half a watt per square meter in European
climates<00:07:49.960> what<00:07:50.080> does<00:07:50.280> that<00:07:50.440> mean<00:07:50.879> and<00:07:51.000> you
climates what does that mean and you
climates what does that mean and you
might<00:07:51.240> have<00:07:51.440> anticipated<00:07:52.199> that<00:07:52.520> that<00:07:52.680> result
might have anticipated that that result
might have anticipated that that result
given<00:07:53.240> what<00:07:53.360> I<00:07:53.520> told<00:07:53.680> you<00:07:53.800> about<00:07:53.960> the<00:07:54.080> biofuel
given what I told you about the biofuel
given what I told you about the biofuel
Plantation<00:07:55.000> a<00:07:55.120> moment<00:07:55.440> ago<00:07:56.440> well<00:07:56.800> we<00:07:57.000> consume
Plantation a moment ago well we consume
Plantation a moment ago well we consume
1.25<00:07:58.120> watts<00:07:58.400> per<00:07:58.520> square<00:07:58.800> meter<00:07:59.639> this<00:07:59.759> means
1.25 watts per square meter this means
1.25 watts per square meter this means
is<00:08:00.319> even<00:08:00.520> if<00:08:00.599> you<00:08:00.759> covered<00:08:01.080> the<00:08:01.240> whole<00:08:01.479> of<00:08:01.599> the
is even if you covered the whole of the
is even if you covered the whole of the
United<00:08:02.080> Kingdom<00:08:02.479> with<00:08:02.639> energy<00:08:02.960> crops<00:08:03.400> you
United Kingdom with energy crops you
United Kingdom with energy crops you
couldn't<00:08:03.879> match<00:08:04.400> today's<00:08:05.159> energy
couldn't match today's energy
couldn't match today's energy
consumption<00:08:07.960> wind<00:08:08.319> power<00:08:08.680> produces<00:08:09.080> a<00:08:09.199> bit
consumption wind power produces a bit
consumption wind power produces a bit
more<00:08:09.680> 2.5<00:08:10.560> watts<00:08:10.879> per<00:08:11.039> square<00:08:11.280> meter<00:08:11.720> but
more 2.5 watts per square meter but
more 2.5 watts per square meter but
that's<00:08:12.039> only<00:08:12.319> twice<00:08:12.639> as<00:08:12.840> big<00:08:13.199> as<00:08:13.720> 1.25<00:08:14.720> watts
that's only twice as big as 1.25 watts
that's only twice as big as 1.25 watts
per<00:08:15.159> square<00:08:15.400> meter<00:08:16.240> so<00:08:16.400> that<00:08:16.520> means<00:08:16.840> if<00:08:16.919> you
per square meter so that means if you
per square meter so that means if you
wanted<00:08:17.479> literally<00:08:17.960> to<00:08:18.280> produce<00:08:19.039> uh<00:08:19.319> total
wanted literally to produce uh total
wanted literally to produce uh total
energy<00:08:20.039> consumption<00:08:20.440> in<00:08:20.560> all<00:08:20.759> forms<00:08:21.319> on
energy consumption in all forms on
energy consumption in all forms on
average<00:08:21.919> from<00:08:22.080> wind<00:08:22.280> farms<00:08:22.560> you'd<00:08:22.720> need<00:08:22.879> wind
average from wind farms you'd need wind
average from wind farms you'd need wind
farms<00:08:23.560> half<00:08:23.800> the<00:08:23.960> area<00:08:24.240> of<00:08:24.360> the
farms half the area of the
farms half the area of the
UK<00:08:26.840> I've<00:08:26.960> got<00:08:27.159> data<00:08:27.520> back<00:08:27.720> to<00:08:28.120> to<00:08:28.319> back<00:08:28.479> up<00:08:28.639> all
UK I've got data back to to back up all
UK I've got data back to to back up all
these<00:08:29.000> assertions<00:08:29.599> by<00:08:29.720> the<00:08:29.919> way<00:08:30.919> next<00:08:31.159> let's
these assertions by the way next let's
these assertions by the way next let's
look<00:08:31.479> at<00:08:31.680> solar<00:08:32.399> power<00:08:33.399> solar<00:08:33.839> panels<00:08:34.440> when
look at solar power solar panels when
look at solar power solar panels when
you<00:08:34.719> put<00:08:34.839> them<00:08:34.959> on<00:08:35.039> a<00:08:35.159> roof<00:08:35.440> deliver<00:08:35.880> about<00:08:36.159> 20
you put them on a roof deliver about 20
you put them on a roof deliver about 20
watts<00:08:36.839> per<00:08:36.959> square<00:08:37.240> meter<00:08:38.159> in
watts per square meter in
watts per square meter in
England<00:08:41.240> if<00:08:41.360> you<00:08:41.519> really<00:08:41.719> want<00:08:41.839> to<00:08:41.959> get<00:08:42.080> a<00:08:42.159> lot
England if you really want to get a lot
England if you really want to get a lot
from<00:08:42.479> solar<00:08:42.760> panels<00:08:43.120> you<00:08:43.200> need<00:08:43.360> to<00:08:43.519> adopt
from solar panels you need to adopt
from solar panels you need to adopt
adopt<00:08:44.440> the<00:08:44.640> traditional<00:08:45.160> Bavarian<00:08:45.640> farming
adopt the traditional Bavarian farming
adopt the traditional Bavarian farming
method<00:08:46.320> where<00:08:46.399> you<00:08:46.560> leap<00:08:46.800> off<00:08:46.959> the<00:08:47.080> roof<00:08:47.560> and
method where you leap off the roof and
method where you leap off the roof and
coat<00:08:48.040> the<00:08:48.160> countryside<00:08:48.600> with<00:08:48.760> solar<00:08:49.040> panels
coat the countryside with solar panels
coat the countryside with solar panels
too<00:08:50.440> solar<00:08:50.800> Parks<00:08:51.120> because<00:08:51.320> of<00:08:51.399> the<00:08:51.519> gaps
too solar Parks because of the gaps
too solar Parks because of the gaps
between<00:08:52.000> the<00:08:52.120> panels<00:08:52.480> deliver<00:08:52.920> less<00:08:53.160> they
between the panels deliver less they
between the panels deliver less they
deliver<00:08:53.680> about<00:08:54.000> 5<00:08:54.320> watts<00:08:54.800> per<00:08:54.959> square<00:08:55.279> meter
deliver about 5 watts per square meter
deliver about 5 watts per square meter
of<00:08:55.959> land<00:08:56.320> area<00:08:57.040> and<00:08:57.240> here's<00:08:57.680> a<00:08:57.839> solar<00:08:58.160> Park<00:08:58.360> in
of land area and here's a solar Park in
of land area and here's a solar Park in
Vermont<00:08:58.959> with<00:08:59.079> real<00:08:59.480> data<00:09:00.200> delivering<00:09:00.680> 4.2
Vermont with real data delivering 4.2
Vermont with real data delivering 4.2
watts<00:09:01.920> per<00:09:02.079> square<00:09:02.360> meter<00:09:03.320> remember<00:09:03.680> where<00:09:03.920> we
watts per square meter remember where we
watts per square meter remember where we
are<00:09:04.360> 1.25<00:09:05.079> watts<00:09:05.320> per<00:09:05.440> square<00:09:05.680> meter<00:09:06.120> wind
are 1.25 watts per square meter wind
are 1.25 watts per square meter wind
farms<00:09:06.720> 2.5<00:09:07.519> solar<00:09:07.920> Parks<00:09:08.440> about<00:09:09.200> five<00:09:10.200> so
farms 2.5 solar Parks about five so
farms 2.5 solar Parks about five so
whatever<00:09:11.720> whichever<00:09:12.040> of<00:09:12.200> those<00:09:12.360> Renewables
whatever whichever of those Renewables
whatever whichever of those Renewables
you<00:09:13.079> pick<00:09:13.560> the<00:09:13.680> message<00:09:14.040> is<00:09:14.640> whatever<00:09:15.000> mix<00:09:15.279> of
you pick the message is whatever mix of
you pick the message is whatever mix of
those<00:09:15.680> Renewables<00:09:16.200> you're<00:09:16.360> using<00:09:17.240> if<00:09:17.360> you
those Renewables you're using if you
those Renewables you're using if you
want<00:09:17.640> to<00:09:17.800> power<00:09:18.079> the<00:09:18.200> UK<00:09:18.560> on<00:09:18.839> them<00:09:19.320> you're
want to power the UK on them you're
want to power the UK on them you're
going<00:09:19.560> to<00:09:19.720> need<00:09:19.880> to<00:09:20.120> cover<00:09:20.519> something<00:09:21.000> like
going to need to cover something like
going to need to cover something like
20%<00:09:21.680> or<00:09:22.000> 25%<00:09:23.000> um<00:09:23.240> of<00:09:23.560> the<00:09:23.720> country<00:09:24.399> with<00:09:24.640> those
20% or 25% um of the country with those
20% or 25% um of the country with those
Renewables<00:09:26.399> and<00:09:26.519> I'm<00:09:26.640> not<00:09:26.760> saying<00:09:27.000> that's<00:09:27.360> a
Renewables and I'm not saying that's a
Renewables and I'm not saying that's a
bad<00:09:27.680> idea<00:09:27.920> we<00:09:28.040> just<00:09:28.160> need<00:09:28.279> to<00:09:28.600> understand<00:09:28.720> the
bad idea we just need to understand the
bad idea we just need to understand the
numbers<00:09:29.120> I'm<00:09:29.640> absolutely<00:09:30.079> not<00:09:30.320> anti-
numbers I'm absolutely not anti-
numbers I'm absolutely not anti-
Renewables<00:09:31.040> I<00:09:31.120> love<00:09:31.279> Renewables<00:09:32.000> but<00:09:32.160> I'm
Renewables I love Renewables but I'm
Renewables I love Renewables but I'm
also<00:09:32.800> pro-
also pro-
also pro-
arithmetic<00:09:35.920> concentrating<00:09:36.480> solar<00:09:36.880> power<00:09:37.120> in
arithmetic concentrating solar power in
arithmetic concentrating solar power in
deserts<00:09:38.040> delivers<00:09:38.519> larger<00:09:38.920> Powers<00:09:39.200> per<00:09:39.320> unit
deserts delivers larger Powers per unit
deserts delivers larger Powers per unit
area<00:09:39.880> because<00:09:40.040> you<00:09:40.160> don't<00:09:40.360> have<00:09:40.519> the<00:09:40.680> problem
area because you don't have the problem
area because you don't have the problem
of
of
of
clouds<00:09:42.680> and<00:09:43.040> so<00:09:43.279> this<00:09:43.480> facility<00:09:43.880> delivers<00:09:44.240> 14
clouds and so this facility delivers 14
clouds and so this facility delivers 14
watts<00:09:44.839> per<00:09:44.959> square<00:09:45.200> meter<00:09:45.640> this<00:09:45.760> one<00:09:45.959> 10<00:09:46.240> watts
watts per square meter this one 10 watts
watts per square meter this one 10 watts
per<00:09:46.640> square<00:09:46.880> meter<00:09:47.399> and<00:09:47.560> this<00:09:47.680> one<00:09:47.839> in<00:09:48.000> Spain<00:09:48.519> 5
per square meter and this one in Spain 5
per square meter and this one in Spain 5
watt<00:09:49.120> per<00:09:49.279> square<00:09:49.519> meter<00:09:50.079> being<00:09:50.360> generous<00:09:50.720> to
watt per square meter being generous to
watt per square meter being generous to
concentrating<00:09:51.360> solar<00:09:51.720> power<00:09:52.480> I<00:09:52.600> think<00:09:52.760> it's
concentrating solar power I think it's
concentrating solar power I think it's
perfectly<00:09:53.279> incedible<00:09:53.680> it<00:09:53.800> could<00:09:53.959> deliver<00:09:54.320> 20
perfectly incedible it could deliver 20
perfectly incedible it could deliver 20
watts<00:09:55.160> per<00:09:55.279> square<00:09:55.519> meter<00:09:55.920> so<00:09:56.120> that's<00:09:56.560> that's
watts per square meter so that's that's
watts per square meter so that's that's
nice<00:09:57.279> of<00:09:57.440> course<00:09:57.800> Britain<00:09:58.160> doesn't<00:09:58.440> have<00:09:58.600> any
nice of course Britain doesn't have any
nice of course Britain doesn't have any
deserts
yet<00:10:03.120> so<00:10:03.360> here's<00:10:03.519> a<00:10:03.680> summary<00:10:04.360> so
yet so here's a summary so
yet so here's a summary so
far<00:10:06.240> all<00:10:06.600> Renewables<00:10:07.240> much<00:10:07.480> as<00:10:07.600> I<00:10:07.720> love<00:10:07.920> them
far all Renewables much as I love them
far all Renewables much as I love them
are<00:10:08.399> diffused<00:10:08.959> they<00:10:09.040> all<00:10:09.200> have<00:10:09.320> a<00:10:09.440> small<00:10:09.839> power
are diffused they all have a small power
are diffused they all have a small power
per<00:10:10.200> unit<00:10:10.480> area<00:10:10.839> and<00:10:10.959> we<00:10:11.120> have<00:10:11.240> to<00:10:11.680> live<00:10:11.920> with
per unit area and we have to live with
per unit area and we have to live with
that<00:10:12.720> fact<00:10:14.079> and<00:10:15.079> that<00:10:15.360> means<00:10:15.839> if<00:10:16.000> you<00:10:16.160> do<00:10:16.399> want
that fact and that means if you do want
that fact and that means if you do want
Renewables<00:10:17.120> to<00:10:17.240> make<00:10:17.360> a<00:10:17.519> substantial
Renewables to make a substantial
Renewables to make a substantial
difference<00:10:18.760> for<00:10:18.959> a<00:10:19.120> country<00:10:19.440> like<00:10:19.640> the<00:10:19.760> United
difference for a country like the United
difference for a country like the United
Kingdom<00:10:20.680> on<00:10:20.839> the<00:10:21.000> scale<00:10:21.320> of<00:10:21.480> today's
Kingdom on the scale of today's
Kingdom on the scale of today's
consumption<00:10:22.720> you<00:10:22.839> need<00:10:23.040> to<00:10:23.160> be<00:10:23.519> imagining
consumption you need to be imagining
consumption you need to be imagining
renewable<00:10:24.800> facilities<00:10:25.800> that<00:10:25.959> are<00:10:26.279> country
renewable facilities that are country
renewable facilities that are country
sized<00:10:27.200> not<00:10:27.440> the<00:10:27.560> entire<00:10:27.920> country<00:10:28.279> but<00:10:28.880> a<00:10:29.040> fra
sized not the entire country but a fra
sized not the entire country but a fra
of<00:10:29.720> the<00:10:29.839> country<00:10:30.560> a<00:10:30.680> substantial
of the country a substantial
of the country a substantial
fraction<00:10:32.880> there<00:10:33.040> are<00:10:33.279> other<00:10:33.519> options<00:10:33.920> for
fraction there are other options for
fraction there are other options for
generating<00:10:34.560> power<00:10:34.880> as<00:10:35.040> well<00:10:35.680> which<00:10:35.839> don't
generating power as well which don't
generating power as well which don't
involve<00:10:36.399> fossil<00:10:36.639> fuels<00:10:37.040> so<00:10:37.279> there's<00:10:37.399> nuclear
involve fossil fuels so there's nuclear
involve fossil fuels so there's nuclear
power<00:10:38.720> and<00:10:39.079> on<00:10:39.240> this<00:10:39.360> Ordinance<00:10:39.800> survey<00:10:40.120> map
power and on this Ordinance survey map
power and on this Ordinance survey map
you<00:10:40.480> can<00:10:40.639> see<00:10:40.959> there's<00:10:41.120> a<00:10:41.240> size<00:10:41.480> wellb<00:10:42.120> inside
you can see there's a size wellb inside
you can see there's a size wellb inside
a<00:10:42.800> blue<00:10:43.240> square<00:10:43.600> kilometer<00:10:44.120> that's<00:10:44.279> one<00:10:44.519> gwatt
a blue square kilometer that's one gwatt
a blue square kilometer that's one gwatt
in<00:10:45.040> a<00:10:45.160> square<00:10:45.480> kilometer<00:10:46.079> which<00:10:46.240> works<00:10:46.480> out<00:10:46.639> to
in a square kilometer which works out to
in a square kilometer which works out to
1,000<00:10:47.519> wats<00:10:47.760> per<00:10:47.920> square<00:10:48.160> meter<00:10:48.639> so<00:10:48.880> by<00:10:49.120> this
1,000 wats per square meter so by this
1,000 wats per square meter so by this
particular<00:10:50.040> metric<00:10:50.760> nuclear<00:10:51.240> power<00:10:51.800> isn't<00:10:52.200> as
particular metric nuclear power isn't as
particular metric nuclear power isn't as
intrusive<00:10:53.560> uh<00:10:54.079> as
intrusive uh as
intrusive uh as
Renewables<00:10:56.600> of<00:10:56.720> course<00:10:57.040> other<00:10:57.279> metrics
Renewables of course other metrics
Renewables of course other metrics
matter<00:10:58.000> too<00:10:58.480> and<00:10:58.639> nuclear<00:10:59.000> power<00:10:59.360> has<00:10:59.519> all
matter too and nuclear power has all
matter too and nuclear power has all
sorts<00:10:59.920> of<00:11:00.120> popularity<00:11:01.200> problems<00:11:02.200> but<00:11:02.360> the
sorts of popularity problems but the
sorts of popularity problems but the
same<00:11:02.680> goes<00:11:02.839> for<00:11:03.000> Renewables<00:11:03.519> as<00:11:03.600> well<00:11:03.760> here's
same goes for Renewables as well here's
same goes for Renewables as well here's
a<00:11:04.000> photograph<00:11:04.440> of<00:11:04.560> a<00:11:04.680> consultation<00:11:05.240> exercise
a photograph of a consultation exercise
a photograph of a consultation exercise
in<00:11:05.800> full<00:11:06.040> swing<00:11:06.399> in<00:11:06.480> the<00:11:06.600> little<00:11:06.800> town<00:11:06.959> of
in full swing in the little town of
in full swing in the little town of
Penacook<00:11:07.680> just<00:11:07.839> south<00:11:08.600> just<00:11:08.880> outside
Penacook just south just outside
Penacook just south just outside
Edinburgh<00:11:09.800> and<00:11:09.880> you<00:11:09.959> can<00:11:10.079> see<00:11:10.240> the<00:11:10.360> children
Edinburgh and you can see the children
Edinburgh and you can see the children
of<00:11:10.839> Penacook<00:11:11.360> celebrating<00:11:11.839> the<00:11:11.959> burning<00:11:12.240> of
of Penacook celebrating the burning of
of Penacook celebrating the burning of
the<00:11:12.440> Effy<00:11:12.800> of<00:11:12.920> the<00:11:13.079> wind<00:11:13.880> windmill
the Effy of the wind windmill
the Effy of the wind windmill
so<00:11:16.519> people<00:11:16.760> are<00:11:16.959> anti<00:11:17.360> everything<00:11:17.920> and<00:11:18.040> we've
so people are anti everything and we've
so people are anti everything and we've
got<00:11:18.360> to<00:11:19.000> keep<00:11:19.240> all<00:11:19.399> the<00:11:19.560> options<00:11:19.959> on<00:11:20.120> the<00:11:20.680> table
got to keep all the options on the table
got to keep all the options on the table
what<00:11:21.959> can<00:11:22.440> a<00:11:22.600> country<00:11:22.959> like<00:11:23.160> the<00:11:23.360> UK<00:11:23.720> do<00:11:24.079> on<00:11:24.240> the
what can a country like the UK do on the
what can a country like the UK do on the
supply<00:11:24.920> side<00:11:25.399> well<00:11:25.959> the<00:11:26.120> options<00:11:26.720> are<00:11:27.279> I'd<00:11:27.440> say
supply side well the options are I'd say
supply side well the options are I'd say
these<00:11:27.880> three<00:11:28.200> our<00:11:28.440> Renewables<00:11:29.360> and
these three our Renewables and
these three our Renewables and
recognizing<00:11:30.360> that<00:11:30.519> they<00:11:30.639> need<00:11:30.839> to<00:11:30.959> be<00:11:31.519> close
recognizing that they need to be close
recognizing that they need to be close
to<00:11:32.000> Country<00:11:32.360> sized<00:11:33.120> other<00:11:33.360> people's
to Country sized other people's
to Country sized other people's
Renewables<00:11:34.240> so<00:11:34.399> we<00:11:34.480> could<00:11:34.720> go<00:11:34.920> back<00:11:35.079> and<00:11:35.360> talk
Renewables so we could go back and talk
Renewables so we could go back and talk
very<00:11:35.920> politely<00:11:36.360> to<00:11:36.519> the<00:11:36.600> people<00:11:36.800> in<00:11:36.920> the<00:11:37.000> top
very politely to the people in the top
very politely to the people in the top
leftand<00:11:37.680> side<00:11:37.800> of<00:11:37.920> the<00:11:38.040> diagram<00:11:38.480> and<00:11:38.639> say<00:11:39.440> uh
leftand side of the diagram and say uh
leftand side of the diagram and say uh
we<00:11:39.800> don't<00:11:39.959> want<00:11:40.120> Renewables<00:11:40.560> in<00:11:40.680> our<00:11:40.839> backyard
we don't want Renewables in our backyard
we don't want Renewables in our backyard
but<00:11:42.000> um<00:11:42.160> please<00:11:42.399> could<00:11:42.519> we<00:11:42.639> put<00:11:42.760> them<00:11:42.839> in<00:11:42.959> yours
but um please could we put them in yours
but um please could we put them in yours
instead<00:11:44.720> and<00:11:45.360> that's<00:11:45.720> a<00:11:45.839> serious<00:11:46.200> option<00:11:46.480> it's
instead and that's a serious option it's
instead and that's a serious option it's
a<00:11:46.760> way<00:11:46.959> for<00:11:47.120> the<00:11:47.279> world<00:11:47.920> to<00:11:48.240> to<00:11:48.440> handle<00:11:49.200> this
a way for the world to to handle this
a way for the world to to handle this
issue<00:11:50.000> so<00:11:50.639> countries<00:11:51.000> like<00:11:51.160> Australia<00:11:51.959> Russia
issue so countries like Australia Russia
issue so countries like Australia Russia
Libya<00:11:52.959> kazakstan<00:11:53.480> uh<00:11:54.160> could<00:11:54.320> be<00:11:54.519> our<00:11:55.120> best
Libya kazakstan uh could be our best
Libya kazakstan uh could be our best
friends<00:11:55.720> for<00:11:55.920> renewable
friends for renewable
friends for renewable
production<00:11:58.600> and<00:11:58.720> a<00:11:58.839> third<00:11:59.040> option<00:11:59.240> option<00:11:59.600> is
production and a third option option is
production and a third option option is
is<00:11:59.959> nuclear<00:12:00.360> power<00:12:00.680> so<00:12:00.839> that's<00:12:01.000> some<00:12:01.240> supply
is nuclear power so that's some supply
is nuclear power so that's some supply
side<00:12:01.959> options<00:12:02.959> in<00:12:03.160> addition<00:12:03.519> to<00:12:03.680> the<00:12:03.839> supply
side options in addition to the supply
side options in addition to the supply
levers<00:12:05.079> that<00:12:05.200> we<00:12:05.360> can<00:12:05.639> push<00:12:06.279> and<00:12:06.440> remember<00:12:06.839> we
levers that we can push and remember we
levers that we can push and remember we
need<00:12:07.399> large<00:12:07.880> amounts<00:12:08.360> because<00:12:08.560> at<00:12:08.680> the<00:12:08.760> moment
need large amounts because at the moment
need large amounts because at the moment
we<00:12:09.120> get<00:12:09.279> 90%<00:12:09.839> of<00:12:09.959> our<00:12:10.120> energy<00:12:10.399> from<00:12:10.600> fossil
we get 90% of our energy from fossil
we get 90% of our energy from fossil
fuels<00:12:11.720> in<00:12:11.880> addition<00:12:12.160> to<00:12:12.320> those<00:12:12.480> levers<00:12:13.199> we
fuels in addition to those levers we
fuels in addition to those levers we
could<00:12:13.560> talk<00:12:13.760> about<00:12:14.040> other<00:12:14.240> ways<00:12:14.480> of<00:12:14.680> solving
could talk about other ways of solving
could talk about other ways of solving
this<00:12:15.360> issue<00:12:16.320> namely<00:12:16.720> we<00:12:16.839> could<00:12:17.040> reduce<00:12:17.399> demand
this issue namely we could reduce demand
this issue namely we could reduce demand
and<00:12:18.160> that<00:12:18.279> means<00:12:18.600> reducing<00:12:19.079> population<00:12:19.639> I'm
and that means reducing population I'm
and that means reducing population I'm
not<00:12:19.880> sure<00:12:20.079> how<00:12:20.160> to<00:12:20.320> do<00:12:20.560> that<00:12:21.320> um<00:12:21.560> or<00:12:22.000> reducing
not sure how to do that um or reducing
not sure how to do that um or reducing
per<00:12:22.800> capita<00:12:23.399> consumption<00:12:24.399> so<00:12:24.560> let's<00:12:24.800> talk
per capita consumption so let's talk
per capita consumption so let's talk
about<00:12:25.320> three<00:12:25.519> more<00:12:25.959> big<00:12:26.160> levers<00:12:26.760> that<00:12:26.880> could
about three more big levers that could
about three more big levers that could
really<00:12:27.320> help<00:12:27.720> on<00:12:27.880> the<00:12:28.000> consumption<00:12:28.600> side
really help on the consumption side
really help on the consumption side
first<00:12:29.560> transport<00:12:30.120> here<00:12:30.240> are<00:12:30.399> the<00:12:30.560> physics
first transport here are the physics
first transport here are the physics
principles<00:12:31.399> that<00:12:31.519> tell<00:12:31.680> you<00:12:31.880> how<00:12:32.040> to<00:12:32.279> reduce
principles that tell you how to reduce
principles that tell you how to reduce
the<00:12:32.880> energy<00:12:33.199> consumption<00:12:33.600> of<00:12:33.760> transport<00:12:34.560> and
the energy consumption of transport and
the energy consumption of transport and
people<00:12:34.880> often<00:12:35.120> say<00:12:35.440> oh<00:12:35.680> yes<00:12:35.880> technology<00:12:36.320> can
people often say oh yes technology can
people often say oh yes technology can
answer<00:12:36.800> everything<00:12:37.240> we<00:12:37.320> can<00:12:37.440> make<00:12:37.600> vehicles
answer everything we can make vehicles
answer everything we can make vehicles
that<00:12:38.040> are<00:12:38.279> 100<00:12:38.560> times<00:12:38.839> more<00:12:39.040> efficient<00:12:39.800> and
that are 100 times more efficient and
that are 100 times more efficient and
that's<00:12:40.279> almost<00:12:40.639> true<00:12:40.920> let<00:12:41.040> me<00:12:41.160> show<00:12:41.360> you<00:12:42.120> the
that's almost true let me show you the
that's almost true let me show you the
energy<00:12:42.600> consumption<00:12:43.040> of<00:12:43.240> this<00:12:43.399> typical<00:12:43.839> tank
energy consumption of this typical tank
energy consumption of this typical tank
here<00:12:44.839> is<00:12:45.160> 80<00:12:46.000> kilowatt<00:12:46.399> hours<00:12:46.839> per<00:12:47.040> 100<00:12:47.320> person
here is 80 kilowatt hours per 100 person
here is 80 kilowatt hours per 100 person
kilometers<00:12:48.320> that<00:12:48.519> that's<00:12:48.839> the<00:12:49.480> um<00:12:50.240> average
kilometers that that's the um average
kilometers that that's the um average
European<00:12:51.680> car<00:12:52.519> 80<00:12:52.880> kilowatt<00:12:53.240> hours<00:12:53.600> can<00:12:53.680> we
European car 80 kilowatt hours can we
European car 80 kilowatt hours can we
make<00:12:53.959> something<00:12:54.199> a<00:12:54.360> 100<00:12:54.639> times<00:12:54.920> better<00:12:55.199> by
make something a 100 times better by
make something a 100 times better by
applying<00:12:55.720> those<00:12:55.880> physics<00:12:56.240> principles<00:12:56.639> I<00:12:56.800> just
applying those physics principles I just
applying those physics principles I just
listed<00:12:57.680> yes<00:12:57.880> here<00:12:58.000> it<00:12:58.120> is<00:12:58.320> it's<00:12:58.440> the<00:12:58.600> bicycle
listed yes here it is it's the bicycle
listed yes here it is it's the bicycle
it's<00:12:59.440> 80<00:12:59.880> times<00:13:00.240> better<00:13:01.160> uh<00:13:01.279> in<00:13:01.720> energy
it's 80 times better uh in energy
it's 80 times better uh in energy
consumption<00:13:02.560> and<00:13:02.639> it's<00:13:02.839> powered<00:13:03.120> by<00:13:03.279> biofuel
consumption and it's powered by biofuel
consumption and it's powered by biofuel
by
Weetabix<00:13:07.040> and<00:13:07.199> there<00:13:07.320> are<00:13:07.480> other<00:13:07.760> options<00:13:08.120> in
Weetabix and there are other options in
Weetabix and there are other options in
between<00:13:08.600> because<00:13:08.920> maybe<00:13:09.160> the<00:13:09.279> lady<00:13:09.480> in<00:13:09.600> the
between because maybe the lady in the
between because maybe the lady in the
tank<00:13:09.920> would<00:13:10.040> say<00:13:10.199> no<00:13:10.320> no<00:13:10.480> no<00:13:10.639> that's<00:13:10.720> a
tank would say no no no that's a
tank would say no no no that's a
lifestyle<00:13:11.320> change<00:13:11.720> don't<00:13:11.920> change<00:13:12.199> my
lifestyle change don't change my
lifestyle change don't change my
lifestyle<00:13:12.920> please<00:13:13.560> so<00:13:13.959> well<00:13:14.160> we<00:13:14.279> could
lifestyle please so well we could
lifestyle please so well we could
persuade<00:13:14.760> her<00:13:14.880> to<00:13:14.959> get<00:13:15.079> into<00:13:15.279> a<00:13:15.399> train<00:13:15.760> and
persuade her to get into a train and
persuade her to get into a train and
that's<00:13:16.120> still<00:13:16.320> a<00:13:16.440> lot<00:13:16.600> more<00:13:16.800> efficient<00:13:17.120> than<00:13:17.240> a
that's still a lot more efficient than a
that's still a lot more efficient than a
car<00:13:17.760> but<00:13:17.920> that<00:13:18.000> might<00:13:18.160> be<00:13:18.240> a<00:13:18.320> lifestyle<00:13:18.680> change
car but that might be a lifestyle change
car but that might be a lifestyle change
or<00:13:19.360> there's<00:13:19.560> the<00:13:19.720> ecoar<00:13:20.440> top<00:13:20.760> left<00:13:21.079> it
or there's the ecoar top left it
or there's the ecoar top left it
comfortably<00:13:21.680> accommodates<00:13:22.199> one<00:13:22.440> teenager
comfortably accommodates one teenager
comfortably accommodates one teenager
and<00:13:23.040> it's<00:13:23.199> shorter<00:13:23.480> than<00:13:23.600> a<00:13:23.720> traffic<00:13:24.000> cone<00:13:24.639> and
and it's shorter than a traffic cone and
and it's shorter than a traffic cone and
it's<00:13:25.120> almost<00:13:25.480> as<00:13:25.639> efficient<00:13:25.959> as<00:13:26.040> a<00:13:26.199> bicycle<00:13:26.800> as
it's almost as efficient as a bicycle as
it's almost as efficient as a bicycle as
long<00:13:27.079> as<00:13:27.160> you<00:13:27.279> drive<00:13:27.560> it<00:13:27.760> at<00:13:28.440> 15<00:13:28.800> m<00:13:29.199> per<00:13:29.600> hour<00:13:30.600> in
long as you drive it at 15 m per hour in
long as you drive it at 15 m per hour in
between<00:13:31.120> perhaps<00:13:31.399> some<00:13:31.560> more<00:13:31.760> realistic
between perhaps some more realistic
between perhaps some more realistic
options<00:13:32.560> on<00:13:32.720> this<00:13:32.880> lever<00:13:33.279> the<00:13:33.399> transport
options on this lever the transport
options on this lever the transport
lever<00:13:34.360> are<00:13:34.680> electric<00:13:35.120> vehicles<00:13:35.720> so<00:13:36.000> electric
lever are electric vehicles so electric
lever are electric vehicles so electric
bikes<00:13:36.639> and<00:13:36.800> electric<00:13:37.160> cars<00:13:37.440> in<00:13:37.519> the<00:13:37.639> middle
bikes and electric cars in the middle
bikes and electric cars in the middle
perhaps<00:13:38.279> four<00:13:38.600> times<00:13:38.880> as<00:13:39.240> energy<00:13:39.600> efficient
perhaps four times as energy efficient
perhaps four times as energy efficient
as<00:13:40.839> the<00:13:41.120> standard<00:13:41.560> petrol<00:13:42.079> powered
as the standard petrol powered
as the standard petrol powered
tank<00:13:44.120> next<00:13:44.480> there's<00:13:44.639> the<00:13:44.760> heating<00:13:45.079> lever
tank next there's the heating lever
tank next there's the heating lever
heating<00:13:46.399> is<00:13:46.519> a<00:13:46.720> third<00:13:47.000> of<00:13:47.160> our<00:13:47.440> energy
heating is a third of our energy
heating is a third of our energy
consumption<00:13:48.720> in<00:13:48.880> Britain<00:13:49.480> and<00:13:49.680> quite<00:13:49.880> a<00:13:50.000> lot
consumption in Britain and quite a lot
consumption in Britain and quite a lot
of<00:13:50.279> that<00:13:50.399> is<00:13:50.560> going<00:13:50.800> into<00:13:51.079> homes<00:13:51.519> and<00:13:51.800> other
of that is going into homes and other
of that is going into homes and other
buildings<00:13:52.880> doing<00:13:53.199> space<00:13:53.480> Heating<00:13:53.720> and<00:13:53.880> water
buildings doing space Heating and water
buildings doing space Heating and water
heating<00:13:55.000> so<00:13:55.240> here's<00:13:55.399> a<00:13:55.560> typical<00:13:55.920> crappy
heating so here's a typical crappy
heating so here's a typical crappy
British<00:13:56.800> house<00:13:57.240> it's<00:13:57.880> my<00:13:58.079> house<00:13:58.759> with<00:13:58.920> the
British house it's my house with the
British house it's my house with the
Ferrari<00:13:59.480> out<00:14:00.120> front<00:14:01.120> what<00:14:01.279> can<00:14:01.399> we<00:14:01.600> do<00:14:01.959> to<00:14:02.160> it
Ferrari out front what can we do to it
Ferrari out front what can we do to it
well<00:14:02.560> the<00:14:02.800> laws<00:14:03.079> of<00:14:03.279> physics<00:14:03.759> are<00:14:04.440> written<00:14:04.759> up
well the laws of physics are written up
well the laws of physics are written up
there<00:14:06.040> which<00:14:06.240> describe<00:14:06.880> what<00:14:07.680> H<00:14:08.120> how<00:14:08.360> the
there which describe what H how the
there which describe what H how the
power<00:14:09.079> is<00:14:09.800> the<00:14:09.959> power<00:14:10.240> consumption<00:14:10.639> for
power is the power consumption for
power is the power consumption for
heating<00:14:11.279> is<00:14:11.399> driven<00:14:11.759> by<00:14:11.920> the<00:14:12.040> things<00:14:12.240> you<00:14:12.360> can
heating is driven by the things you can
heating is driven by the things you can
control<00:14:13.160> the<00:14:13.240> things<00:14:13.480> you<00:14:13.639> can<00:14:14.079> you<00:14:14.240> can
control the things you can you can
control the things you can you can
control<00:14:15.120> are<00:14:15.240> the<00:14:15.360> temperature<00:14:15.720> difference
control are the temperature difference
control are the temperature difference
between<00:14:16.279> the<00:14:16.399> inside<00:14:16.720> and<00:14:16.839> the<00:14:16.959> outside<00:14:17.360> and
between the inside and the outside and
between the inside and the outside and
there's<00:14:17.680> this<00:14:17.920> remarkable<00:14:18.399> technology
there's this remarkable technology
there's this remarkable technology
called<00:14:19.000> a<00:14:19.120> thermostat<00:14:19.639> you<00:14:19.759> grasp<00:14:20.120> it<00:14:20.240> you
called a thermostat you grasp it you
called a thermostat you grasp it you
rotate<00:14:20.639> it<00:14:20.759> to<00:14:20.839> the<00:14:21.000> left<00:14:21.560> and<00:14:21.680> your<00:14:21.880> energy
rotate it to the left and your energy
rotate it to the left and your energy
consumption<00:14:22.680> in<00:14:22.759> the<00:14:22.880> home<00:14:23.399> will<00:14:23.639> decrease
consumption in the home will decrease
consumption in the home will decrease
I've<00:14:24.680> tried<00:14:24.959> it<00:14:25.240> it<00:14:25.399> works<00:14:25.880> some<00:14:26.040> people<00:14:26.320> call
I've tried it it works some people call
I've tried it it works some people call
it<00:14:26.519> a<00:14:26.639> lifestyle<00:14:27.519> change<00:14:28.519> you<00:14:28.639> can<00:14:28.800> also<00:14:29.320> get
it a lifestyle change you can also get
it a lifestyle change you can also get
the<00:14:30.440> uh<00:14:30.560> fluff<00:14:30.880> men<00:14:31.079> in<00:14:31.279> to<00:14:31.480> reduce<00:14:31.839> the
the uh fluff men in to reduce the
the uh fluff men in to reduce the
leakiness<00:14:32.440> of<00:14:32.560> your<00:14:32.720> building<00:14:33.040> put<00:14:33.199> fluff<00:14:33.440> in
leakiness of your building put fluff in
leakiness of your building put fluff in
the<00:14:33.600> walls<00:14:33.839> fluff<00:14:34.120> in<00:14:34.199> the<00:14:34.320> roof<00:14:35.120> and<00:14:35.519> uh<00:14:35.639> new
the walls fluff in the roof and uh new
the walls fluff in the roof and uh new
front<00:14:36.160> door<00:14:36.399> and<00:14:36.560> so<00:14:36.959> forth<00:14:37.959> and<00:14:38.720> the<00:14:38.880> sad
front door and so forth and the sad
front door and so forth and the sad
truth<00:14:39.519> is<00:14:40.040> this<00:14:40.120> will<00:14:40.320> save<00:14:40.519> you<00:14:40.680> money<00:14:41.360> that's
truth is this will save you money that's
truth is this will save you money that's
not<00:14:41.680> sad<00:14:41.959> that's<00:14:42.160> good<00:14:42.759> but<00:14:42.920> the<00:14:43.040> sad<00:14:43.240> truth<00:14:43.480> is
not sad that's good but the sad truth is
not sad that's good but the sad truth is
it'll<00:14:43.839> only<00:14:44.240> get<00:14:44.440> about<00:14:44.720> 25%<00:14:45.720> off<00:14:45.880> the
it'll only get about 25% off the
it'll only get about 25% off the
leakiness<00:14:46.440> of<00:14:46.560> your<00:14:46.680> building<00:14:47.000> if<00:14:47.120> you<00:14:47.240> do
leakiness of your building if you do
leakiness of your building if you do
these<00:14:47.680> things<00:14:47.959> which<00:14:48.079> are<00:14:48.680> good<00:14:48.920> ideas<00:14:49.920> if<00:14:50.000> you
these things which are good ideas if you
these things which are good ideas if you
really<00:14:50.399> want<00:14:50.600> to<00:14:50.759> get<00:14:50.959> a<00:14:51.079> bit<00:14:51.279> closer<00:14:51.600> to
really want to get a bit closer to
really want to get a bit closer to
Swedish<00:14:52.120> building<00:14:52.480> standards<00:14:53.079> with<00:14:53.199> a<00:14:53.279> crappy
Swedish building standards with a crappy
Swedish building standards with a crappy
house<00:14:53.920> like<00:14:54.120> this<00:14:54.839> you<00:14:54.959> need<00:14:55.160> to<00:14:55.240> be<00:14:55.399> putting
house like this you need to be putting
house like this you need to be putting
external<00:14:56.839> uh<00:14:57.000> insulation<00:14:57.519> on<00:14:57.639> the<00:14:57.800> building
external uh insulation on the building
external uh insulation on the building
as<00:14:58.279> shown<00:14:58.519> by<00:14:58.639> this<00:14:58.759> block<00:14:59.199> Flats<00:14:59.480> in
as shown by this block Flats in
as shown by this block Flats in
London<00:15:01.880> you<00:15:02.000> can<00:15:02.160> also<00:15:02.440> deliver<00:15:02.839> heat<00:15:03.120> more
London you can also deliver heat more
London you can also deliver heat more
efficiently<00:15:03.880> using<00:15:04.240> heat<00:15:04.519> pumps<00:15:04.959> which<00:15:05.440> use<00:15:05.639> a
efficiently using heat pumps which use a
efficiently using heat pumps which use a
smaller<00:15:06.120> bit<00:15:06.279> of<00:15:06.519> high-grade<00:15:07.079> energy<00:15:07.440> like
smaller bit of high-grade energy like
smaller bit of high-grade energy like
electricity<00:15:08.399> to<00:15:08.560> move<00:15:08.880> heat<00:15:09.120> from<00:15:09.279> your
electricity to move heat from your
electricity to move heat from your
garden<00:15:10.040> into<00:15:10.240> your<00:15:10.959> house<00:15:11.959> the<00:15:12.160> third<00:15:12.519> demand
garden into your house the third demand
garden into your house the third demand
side<00:15:13.160> option<00:15:13.399> I<00:15:13.480> want<00:15:13.639> to<00:15:13.759> talk<00:15:13.880> about<00:15:14.120> the
side option I want to talk about the
side option I want to talk about the
third<00:15:14.440> way<00:15:14.560> to<00:15:14.680> reduce<00:15:15.079> energy<00:15:15.399> consumption
third way to reduce energy consumption
third way to reduce energy consumption
is<00:15:16.160> read<00:15:16.560> your<00:15:16.759> meters<00:15:17.560> and<00:15:17.680> people<00:15:17.880> talk<00:15:18.040> a
is read your meters and people talk a
is read your meters and people talk a
lot<00:15:18.279> about<00:15:18.480> Smart<00:15:18.720> Meters<00:15:19.079> but<00:15:19.199> you<00:15:19.279> can<00:15:19.399> do<00:15:19.519> it
lot about Smart Meters but you can do it
lot about Smart Meters but you can do it
yourself<00:15:20.040> use<00:15:20.279> your<00:15:20.440> own<00:15:21.040> eyes<00:15:21.399> and<00:15:21.800> be<00:15:22.040> smart
yourself use your own eyes and be smart
yourself use your own eyes and be smart
read<00:15:22.800> your<00:15:23.000> meter<00:15:23.720> and<00:15:23.839> if<00:15:23.920> you're<00:15:24.160> anything
read your meter and if you're anything
read your meter and if you're anything
like<00:15:24.680> me<00:15:25.000> it'll<00:15:25.240> change<00:15:25.480> your<00:15:25.720> life<00:15:26.279> here's<00:15:26.440> a
like me it'll change your life here's a
like me it'll change your life here's a
graph<00:15:26.959> I<00:15:27.120> made<00:15:27.800> I<00:15:27.880> was<00:15:28.040> writing<00:15:28.319> a<00:15:28.440> book<00:15:28.639> about
graph I made I was writing a book about
graph I made I was writing a book about
sustainable<00:15:29.519> energy<00:15:29.880> and<00:15:29.959> a<00:15:30.079> friend<00:15:30.319> asked<00:15:30.519> me
sustainable energy and a friend asked me
sustainable energy and a friend asked me
well<00:15:31.160> how<00:15:31.279> much<00:15:31.440> energy<00:15:31.800> do<00:15:31.959> you<00:15:32.120> use<00:15:32.399> at<00:15:32.560> home
well how much energy do you use at home
well how much energy do you use at home
and<00:15:32.920> I<00:15:33.000> was<00:15:33.120> embarrassed<00:15:33.560> I<00:15:33.680> didn't<00:15:33.920> actually
and I was embarrassed I didn't actually
and I was embarrassed I didn't actually
know<00:15:34.800> and<00:15:34.880> so<00:15:35.000> I<00:15:35.120> started<00:15:35.399> reading<00:15:35.680> the<00:15:35.800> meter
know and so I started reading the meter
know and so I started reading the meter
every<00:15:36.360> week<00:15:36.839> and<00:15:37.199> the<00:15:37.319> old<00:15:37.560> meter<00:15:37.880> readings
every week and the old meter readings
every week and the old meter readings
are<00:15:38.759> shown<00:15:39.480> in<00:15:39.600> the<00:15:39.720> top<00:15:39.920> half<00:15:40.079> of<00:15:40.160> the<00:15:40.279> graph
are shown in the top half of the graph
are shown in the top half of the graph
and<00:15:40.720> then<00:15:41.160> 2007<00:15:41.800> is<00:15:41.920> shown<00:15:42.120> in<00:15:42.279> green<00:15:42.560> at<00:15:42.680> the
and then 2007 is shown in green at the
and then 2007 is shown in green at the
bottom<00:15:43.319> and<00:15:43.440> that<00:15:43.560> was<00:15:43.680> when<00:15:43.800> I<00:15:43.880> was<00:15:43.959> reading
bottom and that was when I was reading
bottom and that was when I was reading
the<00:15:44.279> meter<00:15:44.560> every<00:15:44.759> week<00:15:45.360> and<00:15:45.519> my<00:15:45.680> life<00:15:45.839> changed
the meter every week and my life changed
the meter every week and my life changed
because<00:15:46.560> I<00:15:46.800> started<00:15:47.519> doing<00:15:47.920> experiments<00:15:48.480> and
because I started doing experiments and
because I started doing experiments and
seeing<00:15:48.959> what<00:15:49.120> made<00:15:49.279> a<00:15:49.480> difference<00:15:50.040> and<00:15:50.160> my<00:15:50.360> gas
seeing what made a difference and my gas
seeing what made a difference and my gas
consumption<00:15:51.000> plummeted<00:15:51.519> because<00:15:51.720> I<00:15:51.800> started
consumption plummeted because I started
consumption plummeted because I started
tinkering<00:15:52.440> with<00:15:52.519> a<00:15:52.639> thermostat<00:15:53.199> and<00:15:53.360> the
tinkering with a thermostat and the
tinkering with a thermostat and the
timing<00:15:53.759> on<00:15:53.880> the<00:15:54.000> heating<00:15:54.360> system<00:15:54.920> and<00:15:55.040> I
timing on the heating system and I
timing on the heating system and I
knocked<00:15:55.480> more<00:15:55.639> than<00:15:55.759> a<00:15:55.920> half<00:15:56.160> off<00:15:56.319> my<00:15:56.519> gas
knocked more than a half off my gas
knocked more than a half off my gas
bills<00:15:57.360> there's<00:15:57.560> a<00:15:57.680> similar<00:15:58.000> story<00:15:58.240> for<00:15:58.399> my
bills there's a similar story for my
bills there's a similar story for my
electricity<00:15:59.839> consumption<00:16:00.839> where<00:16:01.560> switching
electricity consumption where switching
electricity consumption where switching
off<00:16:02.560> the<00:16:02.680> DVD<00:16:03.120> players<00:16:03.600> the<00:16:03.800> stereos<00:16:04.519> the
off the DVD players the stereos the
off the DVD players the stereos the
computer<00:16:05.440> peripherals<00:16:05.959> that<00:16:06.040> were<00:16:06.199> on<00:16:06.399> all
computer peripherals that were on all
computer peripherals that were on all
the<00:16:06.720> time<00:16:07.240> and<00:16:07.360> just<00:16:07.480> switching<00:16:07.839> them<00:16:07.920> on<00:16:08.120> when
the time and just switching them on when
the time and just switching them on when
I<00:16:08.319> needed<00:16:08.600> them<00:16:08.920> knocked<00:16:09.319> another<00:16:09.639> third<00:16:10.040> of
I needed them knocked another third of
I needed them knocked another third of
my<00:16:10.440> electricity<00:16:11.000> bills
my electricity bills
my electricity bills
too<00:16:13.360> so<00:16:13.480> we<00:16:13.600> need<00:16:13.720> a<00:16:13.839> plan<00:16:14.079> that<00:16:14.199> adds<00:16:14.480> up<00:16:15.160> and
too so we need a plan that adds up and
too so we need a plan that adds up and
I've<00:16:15.480> described<00:16:15.880> to<00:16:16.000> you<00:16:16.240> six<00:16:16.759> big<00:16:17.160> levers<00:16:17.800> and
I've described to you six big levers and
I've described to you six big levers and
we<00:16:18.000> need<00:16:18.199> big<00:16:18.440> action<00:16:18.800> because<00:16:18.959> we<00:16:19.079> get<00:16:19.279> 90%<00:16:19.800> of
we need big action because we get 90% of
we need big action because we get 90% of
our<00:16:20.079> energy<00:16:20.360> from<00:16:20.560> fossil<00:16:20.839> fuels<00:16:21.839> and<00:16:21.959> so<00:16:22.199> you
our energy from fossil fuels and so you
our energy from fossil fuels and so you
need<00:16:22.440> to<00:16:22.600> push<00:16:22.800> hard<00:16:23.160> on<00:16:23.440> most<00:16:23.800> if<00:16:23.959> not<00:16:24.240> all<00:16:24.720> of
need to push hard on most if not all of
need to push hard on most if not all of
these<00:16:25.519> levers<00:16:26.519> and<00:16:26.720> most<00:16:26.880> of<00:16:27.040> these<00:16:27.199> levers
these levers and most of these levers
these levers and most of these levers
have<00:16:27.759> popularity<00:16:28.360> problems<00:16:28.759> and<00:16:28.880> and<00:16:29.000> if
have popularity problems and and if
have popularity problems and and if
there<00:16:29.199> is<00:16:29.279> a<00:16:29.399> lever<00:16:29.720> you<00:16:29.839> don't<00:16:30.199> like<00:16:30.680> the<00:16:31.120> the
there is a lever you don't like the the
there is a lever you don't like the the
the<00:16:31.639> use<00:16:31.959> of<00:16:32.600> well<00:16:33.000> please<00:16:33.240> do<00:16:33.399> bear<00:16:33.600> in<00:16:33.759> mind
the use of well please do bear in mind
the use of well please do bear in mind
that<00:16:34.120> means<00:16:34.279> you<00:16:34.399> need<00:16:34.680> even<00:16:35.160> stronger<00:16:35.720> effort
that means you need even stronger effort
that means you need even stronger effort
on<00:16:36.560> the<00:16:36.680> other<00:16:37.680> levers<00:16:38.680> so<00:16:38.880> I'm<00:16:38.959> a<00:16:39.199> strong
on the other levers so I'm a strong
on the other levers so I'm a strong
advoc<00:16:39.920> advocate<00:16:40.279> of<00:16:40.399> having<00:16:40.560> grown-up
advoc advocate of having grown-up
advoc advocate of having grown-up
conversations<00:16:41.759> that<00:16:41.880> are<00:16:42.040> based<00:16:42.319> on<00:16:42.560> numbers
conversations that are based on numbers
conversations that are based on numbers
and<00:16:43.360> facts<00:16:44.199> and<00:16:44.440> I<00:16:44.519> want<00:16:44.639> to<00:16:44.880> close<00:16:45.199> with<00:16:45.399> this
and facts and I want to close with this
and facts and I want to close with this
map<00:16:45.920> that<00:16:46.079> just<00:16:46.279> visualizes<00:16:47.040> for<00:16:47.279> you<00:16:48.040> the
map that just visualizes for you the
map that just visualizes for you the
requirement<00:16:49.759> of<00:16:49.959> land<00:16:50.440> and<00:16:50.639> so<00:16:50.880> forth<00:16:51.519> in
requirement of land and so forth in
requirement of land and so forth in
order<00:16:51.880> to<00:16:52.079> get<00:16:52.279> just<00:16:52.519> 16<00:16:53.040> light<00:16:53.279> bulbs<00:16:53.720> per
order to get just 16 light bulbs per
order to get just 16 light bulbs per
person<00:16:54.560> from<00:16:54.839> four<00:16:55.160> of<00:16:55.319> the<00:16:55.519> big<00:16:55.880> possible
person from four of the big possible
person from four of the big possible
sources<00:16:57.800> so<00:16:58.959> if<00:16:59.040> you<00:16:59.160> wanted<00:16:59.399> to<00:16:59.560> get<00:17:00.160> 16<00:17:00.519> light
sources so if you wanted to get 16 light
sources so if you wanted to get 16 light
bulbs<00:17:01.000> remember<00:17:01.360> today<00:17:01.720> our<00:17:01.920> total<00:17:02.199> energy
bulbs remember today our total energy
bulbs remember today our total energy
consumption<00:17:02.920> is<00:17:03.199> 125<00:17:04.199> light<00:17:04.439> bulbs<00:17:04.760> worth<00:17:05.240> if
consumption is 125 light bulbs worth if
consumption is 125 light bulbs worth if
you<00:17:05.439> wanted<00:17:05.799> 16<00:17:06.319> from<00:17:06.520> wind<00:17:07.520> this<00:17:07.720> map
you wanted 16 from wind this map
you wanted 16 from wind this map
visualizes<00:17:08.880> a<00:17:09.000> solution<00:17:09.360> for<00:17:09.520> the<00:17:09.679> UK<00:17:10.160> it's
visualizes a solution for the UK it's
visualizes a solution for the UK it's
got<00:17:10.839> 160<00:17:11.160> wind<00:17:11.400> farms<00:17:11.799> each<00:17:12.520> 100<00:17:12.760> square<00:17:13.079> kilm
got 160 wind farms each 100 square kilm
got 160 wind farms each 100 square kilm
in<00:17:13.799> size<00:17:14.559> and<00:17:14.720> that<00:17:14.880> would<00:17:15.000> be<00:17:15.079> a<00:17:15.199> 20-fold
in size and that would be a 20-fold
in size and that would be a 20-fold
increase<00:17:16.160> over<00:17:16.360> today's<00:17:16.760> amount<00:17:16.959> of<00:17:17.360> wind
increase over today's amount of wind
increase over today's amount of wind
nuclear<00:17:18.799> power<00:17:19.280> to<00:17:19.480> get<00:17:19.679> 16<00:17:20.039> lights<00:17:20.600> per
nuclear power to get 16 lights per
nuclear power to get 16 lights per
person<00:17:21.319> you'd<00:17:21.559> need<00:17:21.919> 2<00:17:22.199> gaws<00:17:22.600> at<00:17:22.720> each<00:17:22.880> of<00:17:23.000> the
person you'd need 2 gaws at each of the
person you'd need 2 gaws at each of the
purple<00:17:23.400> dots<00:17:23.679> on<00:17:23.839> the<00:17:24.000> map<00:17:24.360> that's<00:17:24.520> a
purple dots on the map that's a
purple dots on the map that's a
four-fold<00:17:25.799> increase<00:17:26.799> over<00:17:27.039> today's<00:17:27.439> levels
four-fold increase over today's levels
four-fold increase over today's levels
of<00:17:27.839> nuclear<00:17:28.240> power<00:17:29.280> biomass<00:17:29.880> to<00:17:30.039> get<00:17:30.200> 16<00:17:30.559> light
of nuclear power biomass to get 16 light
of nuclear power biomass to get 16 light
bulbs<00:17:31.080> per<00:17:31.280> person<00:17:32.000> you<00:17:32.160> need<00:17:32.480> a<00:17:32.640> land<00:17:32.960> area
bulbs per person you need a land area
bulbs per person you need a land area
something<00:17:33.760> like<00:17:33.919> three<00:17:34.160> and<00:17:34.320> a<00:17:34.480> half<00:17:34.799> Wales<00:17:35.280> is
something like three and a half Wales is
something like three and a half Wales is
worth<00:17:37.120> either<00:17:37.400> in<00:17:37.559> our<00:17:37.799> country<00:17:38.440> or<00:17:38.600> in
worth either in our country or in
worth either in our country or in
someone<00:17:39.039> else's<00:17:39.360> country<00:17:39.720> possibly<00:17:40.120> Ireland
someone else's country possibly Ireland
someone else's country possibly Ireland
possibly<00:17:40.880> somewhere
possibly somewhere
possibly somewhere
else<00:17:42.919> and<00:17:43.039> the<00:17:43.160> fourth<00:17:43.480> supply<00:17:43.919> side<00:17:44.120> option
else and the fourth supply side option
else and the fourth supply side option
concentrating<00:17:45.240> solar<00:17:45.600> power<00:17:45.840> in<00:17:46.039> other
concentrating solar power in other
concentrating solar power in other
people's<00:17:46.840> deserts<00:17:47.840> if<00:17:47.919> you<00:17:48.080> wanted<00:17:48.320> to<00:17:48.480> get<00:17:48.640> 16
people's deserts if you wanted to get 16
people's deserts if you wanted to get 16
light<00:17:49.200> bulbs<00:17:49.600> worth<00:17:50.200> then<00:17:50.360> we're<00:17:50.559> talking
light bulbs worth then we're talking
light bulbs worth then we're talking
about<00:17:51.760> these<00:17:52.039> eight<00:17:52.880> hexagons<00:17:53.400> down<00:17:53.520> at<00:17:53.640> the
about these eight hexagons down at the
about these eight hexagons down at the
bottom<00:17:54.120> right<00:17:54.440> the<00:17:54.679> total<00:17:55.120> area<00:17:55.480> of<00:17:55.679> those
bottom right the total area of those
bottom right the total area of those
hexagons<00:17:56.799> is<00:17:57.000> two<00:17:57.440> greater<00:17:57.840> London's<00:17:58.320> worth
hexagons is two greater London's worth
hexagons is two greater London's worth
of<00:17:59.039> someone<00:17:59.320> else's<00:18:00.039> Sahara<00:18:01.039> and<00:18:01.120> you'll<00:18:01.320> need
of someone else's Sahara and you'll need
of someone else's Sahara and you'll need
power<00:18:01.720> lines<00:18:01.960> all<00:18:02.080> the<00:18:02.159> way<00:18:02.280> across<00:18:02.559> Spain<00:18:02.840> and
power lines all the way across Spain and
power lines all the way across Spain and
France<00:18:03.480> to<00:18:03.679> bring<00:18:04.159> to<00:18:04.320> bring<00:18:04.679> the<00:18:05.039> power<00:18:05.280> from
France to bring to bring the power from
France to bring to bring the power from
the<00:18:05.600> Sahara<00:18:06.400> to
the Sahara to
the Sahara to
sorry<00:18:09.039> we<00:18:09.159> need<00:18:09.280> a<00:18:09.440> plan<00:18:09.640> that<00:18:09.760> adds<00:18:10.480> up<00:18:11.480> we
sorry we need a plan that adds up we
sorry we need a plan that adds up we
need<00:18:11.720> to<00:18:11.919> stop<00:18:12.120> shouting<00:18:12.679> and<00:18:12.880> start
need to stop shouting and start
need to stop shouting and start
talking
talking
talking
and<00:18:17.440> if<00:18:17.600> we<00:18:17.720> can<00:18:17.919> have<00:18:18.080> a<00:18:18.240> grownup
and if we can have a grownup
and if we can have a grownup
conversation<00:18:19.720> make<00:18:19.880> a<00:18:20.000> plan<00:18:20.240> that<00:18:20.400> add<00:18:20.600> up<00:18:20.960> and
conversation make a plan that add up and
conversation make a plan that add up and
get<00:18:21.280> building<00:18:22.240> maybe<00:18:22.480> this<00:18:22.600> low<00:18:22.960> carbon
get building maybe this low carbon
get building maybe this low carbon
Revolution<00:18:23.840> will<00:18:24.039> actually<00:18:24.280> be<00:18:24.440> fun<00:18:25.200> thank
Revolution will actually be fun thank
Revolution will actually be fun thank
you<00:18:25.480> very<00:18:25.640> much<00:18:25.799> for<00:18:25.919> listening
renewable energy, energy, sustainability, David, MacKay, TED, TEDx, TEDxWarwick, TED-Ed, TED, Ed, TEDEducation
