How we'll stop polio for good - Bruce Aylward
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I<00:00:16.279> want<00:00:16.400> to<00:00:16.520> share<00:00:16.840> with<00:00:17.000> you<00:00:17.240> over<00:00:17.439> the<00:00:17.600> next
I want to share with you over the next
I want to share with you over the next
18<00:00:18.240> minutes<00:00:18.880> um<00:00:19.279> a<00:00:19.720> pretty<00:00:20.080> incredible<00:00:21.080> idea
18 minutes um a pretty incredible idea
18 minutes um a pretty incredible idea
actually<00:00:22.320> it's<00:00:22.400> a<00:00:22.600> really<00:00:22.920> big<00:00:23.240> idea<00:00:24.119> but<00:00:24.439> to
actually it's a really big idea but to
actually it's a really big idea but to
get<00:00:24.680> us<00:00:24.920> started<00:00:25.640> I<00:00:25.840> I<00:00:25.920> want<00:00:26.000> to<00:00:26.199> ask<00:00:26.599> if
get us started I I want to ask if
get us started I I want to ask if
everyone<00:00:27.000> could<00:00:27.160> just<00:00:27.320> close<00:00:27.599> your<00:00:27.800> eyes<00:00:28.039> for
everyone could just close your eyes for
everyone could just close your eyes for
two<00:00:28.599> seconds<00:00:29.480> and<00:00:29.599> try<00:00:30.119> think<00:00:30.279> of<00:00:30.400> a
two seconds and try think of a
two seconds and try think of a
technology<00:00:31.359> or<00:00:31.519> a<00:00:31.640> bit<00:00:31.759> of<00:00:32.000> science<00:00:32.759> that<00:00:32.920> you
technology or a bit of science that you
technology or a bit of science that you
think<00:00:33.640> has<00:00:33.840> changed<00:00:34.280> the
world<00:00:38.600> now<00:00:38.840> I<00:00:39.040> bet<00:00:39.440> in<00:00:39.680> this<00:00:39.840> audience<00:00:40.520> you're
world now I bet in this audience you're
world now I bet in this audience you're
thinking<00:00:41.000> of<00:00:41.120> some<00:00:41.360> really<00:00:41.760> incredible
thinking of some really incredible
thinking of some really incredible
technology<00:00:43.160> some<00:00:43.360> stuff<00:00:43.640> that<00:00:43.879> I<00:00:44.360> I<00:00:44.480> I<00:00:44.600> haven't
technology some stuff that I I I haven't
technology some stuff that I I I haven't
even<00:00:44.960> heard<00:00:45.160> of<00:00:45.320> them<00:00:45.559> absolutely<00:00:46.079> sure<00:00:46.800> but
even heard of them absolutely sure but
even heard of them absolutely sure but
I'm<00:00:47.399> also<00:00:47.719> sure<00:00:48.520> pretty<00:00:48.760> sure<00:00:49.360> that
I'm also sure pretty sure that
I'm also sure pretty sure that
absolutely<00:00:50.239> nobody<00:00:51.039> is<00:00:51.239> thinking<00:00:51.640> of
absolutely nobody is thinking of
absolutely nobody is thinking of
this<00:00:53.760> this<00:00:53.960> is<00:00:54.120> a<00:00:54.359> polio
this this is a polio
this this is a polio
vaccine<00:00:56.600> and<00:00:56.760> it's<00:00:56.879> a<00:00:57.079> great<00:00:57.320> thing<00:00:57.640> actually
vaccine and it's a great thing actually
vaccine and it's a great thing actually
that<00:00:58.120> nobody's<00:00:58.559> had<00:00:58.680> to<00:00:58.840> think<00:00:59.079> about<00:00:59.280> it<00:00:59.480> here
that nobody's had to think about it here
that nobody's had to think about it here
today
today
today
because<00:01:00.719> it<00:01:00.879> means<00:01:01.120> that<00:01:01.320> we<00:01:01.440> can<00:01:01.680> take<00:01:01.960> this
because it means that we can take this
because it means that we can take this
for<00:01:02.600> granted<00:01:03.359> this<00:01:03.480> is<00:01:03.600> a<00:01:03.879> great<00:01:04.159> technology
for granted this is a great technology
for granted this is a great technology
we<00:01:04.960> can<00:01:05.239> take<00:01:05.400> it<00:01:05.600> completely<00:01:06.080> for<00:01:06.320> granted
we can take it completely for granted
we can take it completely for granted
but<00:01:07.280> it<00:01:07.439> wasn't<00:01:07.880> always<00:01:08.479> that<00:01:08.840> way<00:01:09.840> even<00:01:10.240> here
but it wasn't always that way even here
but it wasn't always that way even here
in<00:01:11.400> California<00:01:12.400> if<00:01:12.479> we<00:01:12.600> were<00:01:12.759> to<00:01:12.920> go<00:01:13.159> back<00:01:13.520> just
in California if we were to go back just
in California if we were to go back just
a<00:01:13.840> few<00:01:14.119> years<00:01:14.400> it<00:01:14.479> was<00:01:14.640> a<00:01:14.840> very<00:01:15.119> different
a few years it was a very different
a few years it was a very different
story<00:01:16.439> people<00:01:16.799> were<00:01:17.159> terrified<00:01:17.960> of<00:01:18.159> this
story people were terrified of this
story people were terrified of this
disease<00:01:18.720> they<00:01:18.840> were<00:01:19.040> terrified<00:01:19.520> of<00:01:19.720> polio<00:01:20.079> and
disease they were terrified of polio and
disease they were terrified of polio and
it<00:01:20.240> would<00:01:20.400> cause<00:01:20.799> public<00:01:21.320> panic<00:01:21.960> and<00:01:22.040> it<00:01:22.159> was
it would cause public panic and it was
it would cause public panic and it was
because<00:01:22.600> of<00:01:22.799> scenes<00:01:23.360> like<00:01:23.840> this<00:01:24.840> in<00:01:25.000> this
because of scenes like this in this
because of scenes like this in this
scene<00:01:26.200> people<00:01:26.640> are<00:01:26.880> living<00:01:27.200> in<00:01:27.360> an<00:01:27.560> iron<00:01:28.000> lung
scene people are living in an iron lung
scene people are living in an iron lung
these<00:01:28.600> are<00:01:28.840> people<00:01:29.119> who<00:01:29.280> were<00:01:29.920> perfectly
these are people who were perfectly
these are people who were perfectly
healthy<00:01:30.640> 2<00:01:30.840> or<00:01:31.000> 3<00:01:31.240> days<00:01:31.560> before<00:01:32.280> and<00:01:32.399> then<00:01:32.560> 2
healthy 2 or 3 days before and then 2
healthy 2 or 3 days before and then 2
days<00:01:33.119> later<00:01:33.640> they<00:01:33.840> can<00:01:34.079> no<00:01:34.280> longer<00:01:34.640> breathe
days later they can no longer breathe
days later they can no longer breathe
and<00:01:35.520> this<00:01:35.759> polio<00:01:36.200> virus<00:01:36.600> has<00:01:36.880> paralyzed<00:01:37.600> not
and this polio virus has paralyzed not
and this polio virus has paralyzed not
only<00:01:38.119> their<00:01:38.280> arms<00:01:38.520> and<00:01:38.680> their<00:01:38.880> legs<00:01:39.439> but<00:01:39.680> also
only their arms and their legs but also
only their arms and their legs but also
their<00:01:40.119> breathing<00:01:40.520> muscles<00:01:41.240> and<00:01:41.399> they<00:01:41.479> were
their breathing muscles and they were
their breathing muscles and they were
going<00:01:41.880> to<00:01:42.040> spend<00:01:42.360> the<00:01:42.560> rest<00:01:42.759> of<00:01:42.920> their<00:01:43.200> lives
going to spend the rest of their lives
going to spend the rest of their lives
usually<00:01:44.240> in<00:01:44.520> this<00:01:44.799> iron<00:01:45.240> lung<00:01:45.479> to<00:01:45.640> breathe<00:01:46.040> for
usually in this iron lung to breathe for
usually in this iron lung to breathe for
them<00:01:47.079> this<00:01:47.280> disease<00:01:47.719> was<00:01:48.000> terrifying<00:01:48.920> there
them this disease was terrifying there
them this disease was terrifying there
was<00:01:49.240> no<00:01:49.560> cure<00:01:50.360> and<00:01:50.479> there<00:01:50.600> was<00:01:50.799> no<00:01:51.399> vaccine<00:01:52.399> the
was no cure and there was no vaccine the
was no cure and there was no vaccine the
disease<00:01:52.920> was<00:01:53.079> so<00:01:53.399> terrifying<00:01:54.360> that<00:01:54.520> the
disease was so terrifying that the
disease was so terrifying that the
president<00:01:55.159> of<00:01:55.320> the<00:01:55.520> United<00:01:56.079> States<00:01:56.719> launched
president of the United States launched
president of the United States launched
an<00:01:57.799> extraordinary<00:01:58.799> National<00:01:59.399> effort<00:02:00.200> to<00:02:00.520> find
an extraordinary National effort to find
an extraordinary National effort to find
a<00:02:01.119> way<00:02:01.360> to<00:02:01.640> stop<00:02:02.000> it<00:02:02.759> 20<00:02:03.159> years<00:02:03.479> later<00:02:04.240> they
a way to stop it 20 years later they
a way to stop it 20 years later they
succeeded<00:02:05.680> and<00:02:05.840> developed<00:02:06.320> the<00:02:06.479> polio
succeeded and developed the polio
succeeded and developed the polio
vaccine<00:02:07.600> it<00:02:07.719> was<00:02:07.880> hailed<00:02:08.399> as<00:02:08.759> a<00:02:09.000> scientific
vaccine it was hailed as a scientific
vaccine it was hailed as a scientific
miracle<00:02:10.080> in<00:02:10.200> the<00:02:10.319> late<00:02:10.840> 1950s<00:02:11.840> finally<00:02:12.239> a
miracle in the late 1950s finally a
miracle in the late 1950s finally a
vaccine<00:02:12.920> that<00:02:13.040> could<00:02:13.239> stop<00:02:13.640> this<00:02:13.800> awful
vaccine that could stop this awful
vaccine that could stop this awful
disease<00:02:15.160> and<00:02:15.360> here<00:02:15.519> in<00:02:15.640> the<00:02:15.800> United<00:02:16.280> States<00:02:16.959> it
disease and here in the United States it
disease and here in the United States it
had<00:02:17.239> an<00:02:17.400> incredible<00:02:18.000> impact<00:02:18.800> as<00:02:18.920> you<00:02:19.040> can<00:02:19.200> see
had an incredible impact as you can see
had an incredible impact as you can see
the<00:02:20.000> virus<00:02:20.440> stopped<00:02:21.040> and<00:02:21.120> it<00:02:21.280> stopped<00:02:21.879> very
the virus stopped and it stopped very
the virus stopped and it stopped very
very<00:02:23.239> fast
very fast
very fast
but<00:02:25.760> this<00:02:25.959> wasn't<00:02:26.319> the<00:02:26.480> case<00:02:27.080> everywhere<00:02:27.560> in
but this wasn't the case everywhere in
but this wasn't the case everywhere in
the<00:02:28.000> world<00:02:29.000> and<00:02:29.120> it<00:02:29.319> happen<00:02:29.840> so<00:02:30.080> fast<00:02:30.319> in<00:02:30.440> the
the world and it happen so fast in the
the world and it happen so fast in the
United<00:02:30.959> States<00:02:31.519> however<00:02:32.040> that<00:02:32.239> even<00:02:32.480> just
United States however that even just
United States however that even just
last<00:02:33.120> month<00:02:33.800> John<00:02:34.120> Stewart<00:02:34.599> said<00:02:34.879> this<00:02:35.200> is
last month John Stewart said this is
last month John Stewart said this is
polio<00:02:36.160> still<00:02:36.519> active<00:02:36.920> because<00:02:37.160> I<00:02:37.280> was<00:02:37.560> I<00:02:37.959> I
polio still active because I was I I
polio still active because I was I I
thought<00:02:38.280> that<00:02:38.440> that<00:02:38.560> had<00:02:38.720> been<00:02:38.920> eradicated<00:02:39.440> in
thought that that had been eradicated in
thought that that had been eradicated in
the<00:02:39.640> way<00:02:39.800> that<00:02:39.920> small<00:02:40.239> pox<00:02:40.440> had<00:02:40.560> been
the way that small pox had been
the way that small pox had been
eradicated<00:02:41.720> oops<00:02:42.680> John<00:02:43.040> Poli<00:02:43.400> has<00:02:43.760> almost
eradicated oops John Poli has almost
eradicated oops John Poli has almost
been<00:02:44.920> eradicated<00:02:45.920> but<00:02:46.080> the<00:02:46.239> reality<00:02:46.800> is<00:02:47.280> that
been eradicated but the reality is that
been eradicated but the reality is that
polio<00:02:48.000> still<00:02:48.319> exists<00:02:48.879> today<00:02:49.760> we<00:02:49.920> made<00:02:50.120> this
polio still exists today we made this
polio still exists today we made this
map<00:02:50.519> for<00:02:50.720> John<00:02:51.000> to<00:02:51.120> try<00:02:51.280> and<00:02:51.360> show<00:02:51.560> him<00:02:51.760> exactly
map for John to try and show him exactly
map for John to try and show him exactly
where<00:02:52.319> polio<00:02:52.720> still<00:02:52.959> exists<00:02:53.560> this<00:02:53.680> is<00:02:53.920> the
where polio still exists this is the
where polio still exists this is the
picture<00:02:54.959> there's<00:02:55.280> not<00:02:55.560> very<00:02:55.800> much<00:02:56.120> left<00:02:56.319> in
picture there's not very much left in
picture there's not very much left in
the<00:02:56.640> world<00:02:57.360> but<00:02:57.519> the<00:02:57.680> reason<00:02:58.000> there's<00:02:58.239> not
the world but the reason there's not
the world but the reason there's not
very<00:02:58.680> much<00:02:59.000> left<00:02:59.440> is<00:02:59.760> because<00:03:00.080> there's<00:03:00.280> been
very much left is because there's been
very much left is because there's been
an<00:03:00.640> extraordinary<00:03:01.519> public<00:03:01.959> private
an extraordinary public private
an extraordinary public private
partnership<00:03:03.319> working<00:03:04.319> behind<00:03:04.640> the<00:03:04.760> scenes
partnership working behind the scenes
partnership working behind the scenes
almost<00:03:05.440> unknown<00:03:05.879> I'm<00:03:05.959> sure<00:03:06.120> to<00:03:06.280> most<00:03:06.480> of<00:03:06.599> you
almost unknown I'm sure to most of you
almost unknown I'm sure to most of you
here<00:03:07.080> today<00:03:07.760> it's<00:03:07.879> been<00:03:08.080> working<00:03:08.360> for<00:03:08.599> 20
here today it's been working for 20
here today it's been working for 20
years<00:03:09.360> to<00:03:09.599> try<00:03:09.799> and<00:03:10.040> eradicate<00:03:10.760> this<00:03:11.000> disease
years to try and eradicate this disease
years to try and eradicate this disease
and<00:03:11.879> it's<00:03:12.040> got<00:03:12.200> it<00:03:12.360> down<00:03:12.519> to<00:03:12.799> this<00:03:13.360> few<00:03:13.720> cases
and it's got it down to this few cases
and it's got it down to this few cases
that<00:03:14.239> you<00:03:14.319> can<00:03:14.480> see<00:03:14.760> here<00:03:14.920> on<00:03:15.120> this<00:03:15.640> graphic
that you can see here on this graphic
that you can see here on this graphic
but<00:03:16.840> just<00:03:17.120> last<00:03:17.440> year<00:03:18.239> we<00:03:18.440> had<00:03:18.840> an<00:03:19.040> incredible
but just last year we had an incredible
but just last year we had an incredible
shock<00:03:20.319> and<00:03:20.560> realized<00:03:21.519> that<00:03:22.239> almost<00:03:22.920> just
shock and realized that almost just
shock and realized that almost just
isn't<00:03:23.720> good<00:03:23.920> enough<00:03:24.239> with<00:03:24.360> a<00:03:24.560> virus<00:03:24.959> like
isn't good enough with a virus like
isn't good enough with a virus like
polio<00:03:27.000> and<00:03:27.159> this<00:03:27.239> is<00:03:27.400> the<00:03:27.640> reason<00:03:28.360> in<00:03:28.560> two
polio and this is the reason in two
polio and this is the reason in two
countries<00:03:29.959> that<00:03:30.200> hadn't<00:03:30.519> had<00:03:30.720> this<00:03:30.920> disease
countries that hadn't had this disease
countries that hadn't had this disease
for<00:03:31.519> more<00:03:31.799> than<00:03:32.319> probably<00:03:32.720> a<00:03:32.959> decade<00:03:33.640> on
for more than probably a decade on
for more than probably a decade on
opposite<00:03:34.400> sides<00:03:34.640> of<00:03:34.799> the<00:03:35.000> globe<00:03:35.640> there<00:03:35.760> was
opposite sides of the globe there was
opposite sides of the globe there was
suddenly<00:03:36.640> terrible<00:03:37.360> polio<00:03:38.159> outbreaks
suddenly terrible polio outbreaks
suddenly terrible polio outbreaks
hundreds<00:03:39.640> of<00:03:39.879> people<00:03:40.159> were<00:03:40.519> paralyzed
hundreds of people were paralyzed
hundreds of people were paralyzed
hundreds<00:03:41.959> of<00:03:42.159> people<00:03:42.599> died<00:03:43.519> children<00:03:44.280> as<00:03:44.439> well
hundreds of people died children as well
hundreds of people died children as well
as<00:03:45.200> adults<00:03:46.200> and<00:03:46.480> in<00:03:46.879> both<00:03:47.239> cases<00:03:47.720> we<00:03:47.840> were<00:03:47.959> able
as adults and in both cases we were able
as adults and in both cases we were able
to<00:03:48.280> use<00:03:48.480> genetic<00:03:48.840> sequencing<00:03:49.360> to<00:03:49.519> look<00:03:49.640> at<00:03:49.760> the
to use genetic sequencing to look at the
to use genetic sequencing to look at the
polio<00:03:50.360> viruses<00:03:51.120> and<00:03:51.239> we<00:03:51.319> could<00:03:51.480> tell<00:03:51.799> these
polio viruses and we could tell these
polio viruses and we could tell these
viruses<00:03:52.599> were<00:03:52.840> not<00:03:53.040> from<00:03:53.319> these<00:03:53.519> countries
viruses were not from these countries
viruses were not from these countries
they<00:03:54.360> had<00:03:54.560> come<00:03:54.799> from<00:03:55.159> thousands<00:03:55.560> of<00:03:55.799> miles
they had come from thousands of miles
they had come from thousands of miles
away<00:03:56.760> and<00:03:56.879> in<00:03:57.040> one<00:03:57.280> case<00:03:57.519> it<00:03:57.720> originated<00:03:58.280> on
away and in one case it originated on
away and in one case it originated on
another<00:03:58.879> continent<00:04:00.040> and<00:04:00.200> not<00:04:00.360> only<00:04:00.799> that<00:04:01.239> but
another continent and not only that but
another continent and not only that but
when<00:04:01.640> they<00:04:01.760> came<00:04:01.959> into<00:04:02.239> these<00:04:02.439> countries<00:04:03.040> then
when they came into these countries then
when they came into these countries then
they<00:04:03.319> got<00:04:03.439> on<00:04:03.640> Commercial<00:04:04.079> jetliners
they got on Commercial jetliners
they got on Commercial jetliners
probably<00:04:05.560> and<00:04:05.720> they<00:04:05.920> traveled<00:04:06.400> even<00:04:06.680> further
probably and they traveled even further
probably and they traveled even further
other<00:04:07.799> places<00:04:08.519> like<00:04:08.799> Russia<00:04:09.640> where<00:04:09.799> for<00:04:10.040> the
other places like Russia where for the
other places like Russia where for the
first<00:04:10.640> time<00:04:11.159> in<00:04:11.319> over<00:04:11.519> a<00:04:11.760> decade<00:04:12.280> last<00:04:12.560> year
first time in over a decade last year
first time in over a decade last year
children<00:04:13.680> were<00:04:14.000> crippled<00:04:14.879> and<00:04:15.120> Paralyzed<00:04:16.120> by
children were crippled and Paralyzed by
children were crippled and Paralyzed by
a<00:04:16.400> disease<00:04:16.880> that<00:04:17.000> they<00:04:17.199> had<00:04:17.359> not<00:04:17.560> seen<00:04:17.919> for
a disease that they had not seen for
a disease that they had not seen for
years<00:04:20.359> now<00:04:20.759> all<00:04:20.880> of<00:04:21.079> these<00:04:21.239> outbreaks<00:04:21.720> that<00:04:21.880> I
years now all of these outbreaks that I
years now all of these outbreaks that I
just<00:04:22.120> showed<00:04:22.400> you<00:04:22.560> these<00:04:22.680> are<00:04:22.880> under<00:04:23.160> control
just showed you these are under control
just showed you these are under control
now<00:04:23.800> and<00:04:23.919> it<00:04:24.040> looks<00:04:24.320> like<00:04:24.600> they<00:04:24.880> uh<00:04:25.000> they'll
now and it looks like they uh they'll
now and it looks like they uh they'll
probably<00:04:25.639> stop<00:04:25.960> very<00:04:26.199> very<00:04:26.560> quickly<00:04:27.560> but<00:04:28.160> the
probably stop very very quickly but the
probably stop very very quickly but the
message<00:04:28.759> was<00:04:29.039> very<00:04:29.280> clear
message was very clear
message was very clear
polio<00:04:31.600> is<00:04:31.840> still<00:04:32.680> a<00:04:33.479> devastating<00:04:34.479> explosive
polio is still a devastating explosive
polio is still a devastating explosive
disease<00:04:36.120> it's<00:04:36.360> just<00:04:36.639> happening<00:04:37.199> in<00:04:37.360> another
disease it's just happening in another
disease it's just happening in another
part<00:04:38.160> of<00:04:38.320> the
part of the
part of the
world<00:04:40.440> and<00:04:40.680> our<00:04:41.000> big<00:04:41.639> idea<00:04:42.639> is<00:04:42.840> that<00:04:43.039> the
world and our big idea is that the
world and our big idea is that the
scientific<00:04:44.840> Miracle<00:04:45.840> of<00:04:46.160> this<00:04:46.440> decade<00:04:47.160> should
scientific Miracle of this decade should
scientific Miracle of this decade should
be<00:04:47.919> the<00:04:48.160> complete<00:04:48.800> eradication<00:04:49.639> of
be the complete eradication of
be the complete eradication of
poliomyelitis<00:04:51.160> so<00:04:51.280> I<00:04:51.400> want<00:04:51.520> to<00:04:51.639> tell<00:04:51.800> you<00:04:51.960> a
poliomyelitis so I want to tell you a
poliomyelitis so I want to tell you a
little<00:04:52.320> bit<00:04:52.720> about<00:04:53.000> what<00:04:53.240> this<00:04:53.520> partnership
little bit about what this partnership
little bit about what this partnership
the<00:04:54.199> polio<00:04:54.639> partnership<00:04:55.199> is<00:04:55.400> trying<00:04:55.720> to<00:04:55.960> do
the polio partnership is trying to do
the polio partnership is trying to do
we're<00:04:57.039> not<00:04:57.240> trying<00:04:57.520> to<00:04:57.759> control<00:04:58.360> polio<00:04:58.720> we're
we're not trying to control polio we're
we're not trying to control polio we're
not<00:04:58.960> trying<00:04:59.120> to<00:04:59.199> get<00:04:59.320> it<00:04:59.600> down<00:04:59.720> to<00:04:59.960> just<00:05:00.080> a<00:05:00.240> few
not trying to get it down to just a few
not trying to get it down to just a few
cases<00:05:01.479> because<00:05:01.880> this<00:05:02.080> disease<00:05:02.479> is<00:05:02.680> like<00:05:02.840> a
cases because this disease is like a
cases because this disease is like a
root<00:05:03.400> fire<00:05:03.960> it<00:05:04.080> can<00:05:04.360> explode<00:05:05.000> again<00:05:05.199> if<00:05:05.280> you
root fire it can explode again if you
root fire it can explode again if you
don't<00:05:05.600> snuff<00:05:05.960> it<00:05:06.080> out<00:05:06.360> completely<00:05:07.280> so<00:05:07.560> what
don't snuff it out completely so what
don't snuff it out completely so what
we're<00:05:07.919> looking<00:05:08.240> for<00:05:08.759> is<00:05:08.919> a<00:05:09.160> permanent
we're looking for is a permanent
we're looking for is a permanent
solution<00:05:10.600> we<00:05:10.800> want<00:05:11.160> a<00:05:11.360> world<00:05:11.800> in<00:05:11.960> which<00:05:12.280> every
solution we want a world in which every
solution we want a world in which every
child<00:05:13.120> just<00:05:13.320> like<00:05:13.520> you<00:05:13.840> guys<00:05:14.360> can<00:05:14.560> take<00:05:14.800> for
child just like you guys can take for
child just like you guys can take for
granted<00:05:16.039> a<00:05:16.240> polio<00:05:16.759> free<00:05:17.120> world<00:05:17.720> so<00:05:17.880> we're
granted a polio free world so we're
granted a polio free world so we're
looking<00:05:18.319> for<00:05:18.479> a<00:05:18.680> permanent<00:05:19.160> solution<00:05:20.160> and
looking for a permanent solution and
looking for a permanent solution and
this<00:05:20.479> is<00:05:20.680> where<00:05:20.880> we<00:05:21.080> get<00:05:21.280> lucky<00:05:22.160> this<00:05:22.280> is<00:05:22.440> one
this is where we get lucky this is one
this is where we get lucky this is one
of<00:05:22.680> the<00:05:22.880> very<00:05:23.080> few<00:05:23.360> viruses<00:05:23.880> in<00:05:24.039> the<00:05:24.199> world
of the very few viruses in the world
of the very few viruses in the world
where<00:05:24.840> there<00:05:24.960> are<00:05:25.240> big<00:05:25.440> enough<00:05:25.840> cracks<00:05:26.280> in<00:05:26.440> its
where there are big enough cracks in its
where there are big enough cracks in its
armor<00:05:27.240> that<00:05:27.360> we<00:05:27.520> can<00:05:27.680> try<00:05:27.840> and<00:05:28.000> do<00:05:28.199> something
armor that we can try and do something
armor that we can try and do something
truly<00:05:28.840> extraordinary
truly extraordinary
truly extraordinary
this<00:05:30.560> virus<00:05:30.919> can<00:05:31.120> only<00:05:31.360> survive<00:05:31.759> in<00:05:31.960> people<00:05:32.680> it
this virus can only survive in people it
this virus can only survive in people it
can't<00:05:33.160> live<00:05:33.319> for<00:05:33.520> a<00:05:33.720> very<00:05:33.919> long<00:05:34.160> time<00:05:34.400> in
can't live for a very long time in
can't live for a very long time in
people<00:05:35.039> it<00:05:35.160> doesn't<00:05:35.400> survive<00:05:35.720> in<00:05:35.800> the
people it doesn't survive in the
people it doesn't survive in the
environment<00:05:36.440> hardly<00:05:36.840> at<00:05:36.960> all<00:05:37.440> and<00:05:37.600> we've<00:05:37.800> got
environment hardly at all and we've got
environment hardly at all and we've got
pretty<00:05:38.319> good<00:05:38.639> vaccines<00:05:39.280> as<00:05:39.400> I<00:05:39.560> just<00:05:39.720> showed
pretty good vaccines as I just showed
pretty good vaccines as I just showed
you<00:05:40.800> so<00:05:41.240> we<00:05:41.520> are<00:05:41.759> trying<00:05:42.160> to<00:05:42.720> wipe<00:05:43.000> out<00:05:43.319> this
you so we are trying to wipe out this
you so we are trying to wipe out this
virus<00:05:44.039> completely<00:05:45.039> what<00:05:45.240> the<00:05:45.400> poo
virus completely what the poo
virus completely what the poo
eradication<00:05:46.560> program<00:05:46.880> is<00:05:47.080> trying<00:05:47.400> to<00:05:47.639> do<00:05:48.479> is
eradication program is trying to do is
eradication program is trying to do is
to<00:05:49.199> kill<00:05:49.759> the<00:05:50.000> virus<00:05:50.520> itself<00:05:51.039> that<00:05:51.199> causes
to kill the virus itself that causes
to kill the virus itself that causes
polio<00:05:52.680> everywhere<00:05:53.440> on<00:05:54.120> earth<00:05:55.120> now<00:05:55.520> we<00:05:55.680> don't
polio everywhere on earth now we don't
polio everywhere on earth now we don't
have<00:05:56.039> a<00:05:56.199> great<00:05:56.440> track<00:05:56.759> record<00:05:57.120> when<00:05:57.240> it<00:05:57.360> comes
have a great track record when it comes
have a great track record when it comes
to<00:05:57.720> doing<00:05:58.080> something<00:05:58.400> like<00:05:58.520> this<00:05:58.639> to
to doing something like this to
to doing something like this to
eradicating<00:05:59.560> diseases<00:06:00.479> it's<00:06:00.639> been<00:06:00.840> tried<00:06:01.400> six
eradicating diseases it's been tried six
eradicating diseases it's been tried six
times<00:06:02.120> in<00:06:02.280> the<00:06:02.479> last<00:06:02.720> century<00:06:03.479> and<00:06:03.600> it's<00:06:03.759> been
times in the last century and it's been
times in the last century and it's been
successful<00:06:05.520> exactly<00:06:07.000> once<00:06:08.000> and<00:06:08.199> this<00:06:08.319> is
successful exactly once and this is
successful exactly once and this is
because<00:06:09.080> disease<00:06:09.560> eradication<00:06:10.319> is<00:06:10.520> still<00:06:10.759> the
because disease eradication is still the
because disease eradication is still the
venture<00:06:11.479> capital<00:06:11.960> of<00:06:12.199> Public<00:06:12.639> Health<00:06:13.639> the
venture capital of Public Health the
venture capital of Public Health the
risks<00:06:14.360> are<00:06:15.240> massive<00:06:16.240> but<00:06:16.479> the<00:06:17.240> payoff
risks are massive but the payoff
risks are massive but the payoff
economic<00:06:19.199> humanitarian<00:06:20.039> motivational<00:06:20.720> it's
economic humanitarian motivational it's
economic humanitarian motivational it's
absolutely<00:06:21.720> huge<00:06:22.680> one<00:06:22.960> Congressman<00:06:23.520> here<00:06:23.639> in
absolutely huge one Congressman here in
absolutely huge one Congressman here in
the<00:06:23.880> United<00:06:24.319> States<00:06:25.080> thinks<00:06:26.000> that<00:06:26.360> the<00:06:26.919> entire
the United States thinks that the entire
the United States thinks that the entire
investment<00:06:28.160> that<00:06:28.319> the<00:06:28.479> US<00:06:28.880> put<00:06:29.080> into<00:06:29.479> small
investment that the US put into small
investment that the US put into small
poox<00:06:30.080> eradication<00:06:31.000> pays<00:06:31.280> itself<00:06:31.720> off<00:06:32.080> every
poox eradication pays itself off every
poox eradication pays itself off every
26<00:06:33.199> days<00:06:33.720> in<00:06:33.880> foregone<00:06:34.360> treatment<00:06:34.840> costs<00:06:35.160> and
26 days in foregone treatment costs and
26 days in foregone treatment costs and
vaccination<00:06:36.440> costs<00:06:37.440> and<00:06:37.720> if<00:06:37.880> we<00:06:38.080> can<00:06:38.360> finish
vaccination costs and if we can finish
vaccination costs and if we can finish
polio<00:06:39.800> eradication<00:06:40.800> the<00:06:40.960> poorest<00:06:41.400> countries
polio eradication the poorest countries
polio eradication the poorest countries
in<00:06:41.960> the<00:06:42.120> world<00:06:42.840> are<00:06:43.080> going<00:06:43.280> to<00:06:43.479> save<00:06:44.199> over<00:06:44.680> 50
in the world are going to save over 50
in the world are going to save over 50
billion<00:06:45.960> dollars<00:06:46.560> in<00:06:46.680> the<00:06:46.840> next<00:06:47.120> 25<00:06:47.720> years
billion dollars in the next 25 years
billion dollars in the next 25 years
alone<00:06:49.360> so<00:06:49.560> those<00:06:49.680> are<00:06:49.840> the<00:06:50.000> kind<00:06:50.160> of<00:06:50.319> stakes
alone so those are the kind of stakes
alone so those are the kind of stakes
that<00:06:51.000> we're<00:06:51.720> after<00:06:52.720> but<00:06:53.680> small<00:06:54.080> poox
that we're after but small poox
that we're after but small poox
eradication<00:06:55.000> was<00:06:55.199> hard<00:06:55.520> it<00:06:55.639> was<00:06:55.919> very<00:06:56.240> very
eradication was hard it was very very
eradication was hard it was very very
hard<00:06:57.120> and<00:06:57.319> polio<00:06:57.720> eradication<00:06:58.400> in<00:06:58.599> many<00:06:58.800> ways
hard and polio eradication in many ways
hard and polio eradication in many ways
is<00:06:59.479> even<00:06:59.759> tougher<00:07:00.080> and<00:07:00.199> there's<00:07:00.360> a<00:07:00.520> few
is even tougher and there's a few
is even tougher and there's a few
reasons<00:07:01.160> for
reasons for
reasons for
that<00:07:03.039> the<00:07:03.360> first<00:07:04.360> is<00:07:04.599> that<00:07:04.800> when<00:07:04.960> we<00:07:05.160> started
that the first is that when we started
that the first is that when we started
trying<00:07:05.800> to<00:07:05.960> eradicate<00:07:06.639> polio<00:07:07.240> about<00:07:07.520> 20<00:07:07.840> years
trying to eradicate polio about 20 years
trying to eradicate polio about 20 years
ago<00:07:08.599> more<00:07:08.800> than<00:07:09.000> twice<00:07:09.319> as<00:07:09.440> many<00:07:09.680> countries
ago more than twice as many countries
ago more than twice as many countries
were<00:07:10.319> infected<00:07:10.840> than<00:07:11.120> had<00:07:11.280> been<00:07:11.639> when<00:07:11.759> we
were infected than had been when we
were infected than had been when we
started<00:07:12.280> off<00:07:12.440> with<00:07:12.599> small<00:07:13.000> pox<00:07:13.720> and<00:07:13.840> there
started off with small pox and there
started off with small pox and there
were<00:07:14.120> more<00:07:14.280> than<00:07:14.479> 10<00:07:14.800> times<00:07:15.080> as<00:07:15.199> many<00:07:15.520> people
were more than 10 times as many people
were more than 10 times as many people
living<00:07:16.160> in<00:07:16.360> these<00:07:16.680> countries<00:07:17.520> so<00:07:17.960> it<00:07:18.080> was<00:07:18.199> a
living in these countries so it was a
living in these countries so it was a
massive<00:07:19.280> effort<00:07:20.080> the<00:07:20.280> Second<00:07:20.599> Challenge<00:07:21.039> we
massive effort the Second Challenge we
massive effort the Second Challenge we
had<00:07:21.400> was<00:07:21.560> in<00:07:21.800> contrast<00:07:22.199> to<00:07:22.360> the<00:07:22.440> small<00:07:22.840> poox
had was in contrast to the small poox
had was in contrast to the small poox
vaccine<00:07:23.599> which<00:07:23.759> was<00:07:23.960> very<00:07:24.199> stable<00:07:24.560> and<00:07:24.680> a
vaccine which was very stable and a
vaccine which was very stable and a
single<00:07:25.120> dose<00:07:25.479> protected<00:07:25.879> you<00:07:26.039> for<00:07:26.280> life<00:07:26.919> the
single dose protected you for life the
single dose protected you for life the
polio<00:07:27.680> vaccine<00:07:28.319> is<00:07:28.520> incredibly<00:07:29.000> fragile<00:07:29.400> AG
polio vaccine is incredibly fragile AG
polio vaccine is incredibly fragile AG
it<00:07:30.120> deteriorates<00:07:30.919> so<00:07:31.240> quickly<00:07:31.639> in<00:07:31.759> the
it deteriorates so quickly in the
it deteriorates so quickly in the
tropics<00:07:32.680> that<00:07:32.800> we've<00:07:33.000> had<00:07:33.120> to<00:07:33.240> put<00:07:33.400> the
tropics that we've had to put the
tropics that we've had to put the
special<00:07:34.039> vaccine<00:07:34.639> monitor<00:07:35.280> on<00:07:35.560> every<00:07:35.840> single
special vaccine monitor on every single
special vaccine monitor on every single
vial<00:07:36.800> so<00:07:36.960> that<00:07:37.039> it<00:07:37.160> will<00:07:37.360> change<00:07:37.800> very<00:07:38.080> quickly
vial so that it will change very quickly
vial so that it will change very quickly
when<00:07:38.560> it's<00:07:38.800> exposed<00:07:39.160> to<00:07:39.319> too<00:07:39.520> much<00:07:39.759> heat<00:07:40.360> and
when it's exposed to too much heat and
when it's exposed to too much heat and
we<00:07:40.599> can<00:07:40.759> tell<00:07:41.120> that<00:07:41.240> it's<00:07:41.440> not<00:07:41.840> a<00:07:42.000> good<00:07:42.280> vaccine
we can tell that it's not a good vaccine
we can tell that it's not a good vaccine
to<00:07:42.759> use<00:07:42.960> on<00:07:43.120> a<00:07:43.240> child<00:07:43.520> it's<00:07:43.639> not<00:07:43.840> potent<00:07:44.199> it's
to use on a child it's not potent it's
to use on a child it's not potent it's
not<00:07:44.440> going<00:07:44.520> to<00:07:44.720> protect<00:07:45.080> them<00:07:45.800> even<00:07:46.080> then<00:07:46.560> kids
not going to protect them even then kids
not going to protect them even then kids
need<00:07:47.080> many<00:07:47.360> doses<00:07:47.720> of<00:07:47.879> the<00:07:48.280> vaccine<00:07:49.280> but<00:07:49.440> the
need many doses of the vaccine but the
need many doses of the vaccine but the
third<00:07:49.960> challenge<00:07:50.360> we<00:07:50.479> have<00:07:50.639> and<00:07:50.840> probably
third challenge we have and probably
third challenge we have and probably
even<00:07:51.479> bigger<00:07:51.800> one<00:07:52.039> the<00:07:52.199> biggest<00:07:52.520> challenge<00:07:53.479> is
even bigger one the biggest challenge is
even bigger one the biggest challenge is
that<00:07:53.759> in<00:07:53.960> contrast<00:07:54.360> to<00:07:54.560> small<00:07:54.919> pox<00:07:55.400> where<00:07:55.560> you
that in contrast to small pox where you
that in contrast to small pox where you
could<00:07:55.960> always<00:07:56.280> see<00:07:56.560> your<00:07:56.759> enemy<00:07:57.319> every<00:07:57.560> single
could always see your enemy every single
could always see your enemy every single
person<00:07:58.319> almost<00:07:58.599> who<00:07:58.720> is<00:07:58.879> infected<00:07:59.440> with<00:07:59.560> small
person almost who is infected with small
person almost who is infected with small
poox<00:08:00.440> had<00:08:00.639> this<00:08:00.840> Telltale<00:08:01.520> rash<00:08:02.240> so<00:08:02.400> you<00:08:02.560> could
poox had this Telltale rash so you could
poox had this Telltale rash so you could
get<00:08:03.080> around<00:08:03.319> the<00:08:03.479> disease<00:08:03.840> you<00:08:03.919> could
get around the disease you could
get around the disease you could
vaccinate<00:08:04.599> around<00:08:04.840> the<00:08:05.000> disease<00:08:05.280> and<00:08:05.479> cut<00:08:05.639> it
vaccinate around the disease and cut it
vaccinate around the disease and cut it
off<00:08:06.680> polio<00:08:07.080> it's<00:08:07.360> almost<00:08:07.680> completely
off polio it's almost completely
off polio it's almost completely
different<00:08:09.159> the<00:08:09.479> vast<00:08:09.840> majority<00:08:10.280> of<00:08:10.479> people
different the vast majority of people
different the vast majority of people
who<00:08:11.159> are<00:08:11.400> infected<00:08:11.840> with<00:08:11.960> the<00:08:12.120> polio<00:08:12.560> virus
who are infected with the polio virus
who are infected with the polio virus
show<00:08:13.479> absolutely<00:08:14.199> no<00:08:14.560> sign<00:08:14.879> of<00:08:15.000> the<00:08:15.199> disease
show absolutely no sign of the disease
show absolutely no sign of the disease
so<00:08:16.039> you<00:08:16.280> can't<00:08:16.560> see<00:08:16.919> the<00:08:17.120> enemy<00:08:17.639> most<00:08:17.879> of<00:08:18.039> the
so you can't see the enemy most of the
so you can't see the enemy most of the
time<00:08:19.240> and<00:08:19.479> as<00:08:19.560> a<00:08:19.840> result<00:08:20.599> we've<00:08:20.840> needed<00:08:21.159> a<00:08:21.400> very
time and as a result we've needed a very
time and as a result we've needed a very
different<00:08:22.159> approach<00:08:22.520> to<00:08:22.759> eradicate<00:08:23.400> polio
different approach to eradicate polio
different approach to eradicate polio
than<00:08:24.240> what<00:08:24.360> was<00:08:24.520> done<00:08:24.759> with<00:08:24.919> small<00:08:25.440> poox<00:08:26.440> we've
than what was done with small poox we've
than what was done with small poox we've
had<00:08:26.960> to<00:08:27.240> create<00:08:27.639> one<00:08:27.800> of<00:08:27.960> the<00:08:28.159> largest<00:08:28.639> social
had to create one of the largest social
had to create one of the largest social
move<00:08:29.240> movements<00:08:29.599> in<00:08:29.879> history<00:08:30.879> there's<00:08:31.159> over
move movements in history there's over
move movements in history there's over
10<00:08:32.120> million<00:08:32.599> people<00:08:33.039> probably<00:08:33.440> 20<00:08:33.880> million
10 million people probably 20 million
10 million people probably 20 million
people<00:08:34.599> largely<00:08:35.200> volunteers<00:08:36.200> who<00:08:36.320> have<00:08:36.479> been
people largely volunteers who have been
people largely volunteers who have been
working<00:08:37.240> over<00:08:37.440> the<00:08:37.640> last<00:08:37.919> 20<00:08:38.360> years<00:08:39.039> in<00:08:39.320> what
working over the last 20 years in what
working over the last 20 years in what
has<00:08:39.680> now<00:08:40.479> uh<00:08:40.599> been<00:08:40.800> called<00:08:41.080> the<00:08:41.240> largest
has now uh been called the largest
has now uh been called the largest
internationally<00:08:42.599> coordinated<00:08:43.279> operation<00:08:43.760> in
internationally coordinated operation in
internationally coordinated operation in
peacetime<00:08:45.399> these<00:08:45.680> people<00:08:46.160> these<00:08:46.360> 20<00:08:46.720> million
peacetime these people these 20 million
peacetime these people these 20 million
people<00:08:47.959> vaccinate<00:08:48.959> over<00:08:49.519> 500<00:08:50.360> million
people vaccinate over 500 million
people vaccinate over 500 million
children<00:08:51.760> every<00:08:52.080> single<00:08:52.480> year<00:08:53.240> multiple
children every single year multiple
children every single year multiple
times<00:08:54.440> at<00:08:54.560> the<00:08:54.720> peak<00:08:55.000> of<00:08:55.160> our
times at the peak of our
times at the peak of our
operations<00:08:57.600> now<00:08:58.000> giving<00:08:58.240> the<00:08:58.399> polio<00:08:58.800> vaccine
operations now giving the polio vaccine
operations now giving the polio vaccine
is<00:08:59.480> simple<00:08:59.959> just<00:09:00.079> two<00:09:00.320> drops<00:09:00.800> like<00:09:01.040> that<00:09:01.640> but
is simple just two drops like that but
is simple just two drops like that but
reaching<00:09:02.440> 500<00:09:03.040> million<00:09:03.440> people<00:09:04.079> is<00:09:04.360> much<00:09:04.680> much
reaching 500 million people is much much
reaching 500 million people is much much
tougher<00:09:06.079> and<00:09:06.560> these<00:09:07.000> vaccinators<00:09:07.720> these
tougher and these vaccinators these
tougher and these vaccinators these
volunteers<00:09:08.880> they<00:09:09.000> have<00:09:09.200> got<00:09:09.360> to<00:09:09.600> dive
volunteers they have got to dive
volunteers they have got to dive
headlong<00:09:10.839> into<00:09:11.160> some<00:09:11.320> of<00:09:11.480> the<00:09:12.000> toughest
headlong into some of the toughest
headlong into some of the toughest
densest<00:09:13.399> Urban<00:09:13.760> slums<00:09:14.279> in<00:09:14.440> the<00:09:14.600> world<00:09:15.240> they've
densest Urban slums in the world they've
densest Urban slums in the world they've
got<00:09:15.600> to<00:09:15.760> track<00:09:16.160> under<00:09:16.399> sweltering<00:09:17.000> Suns<00:09:17.440> to
got to track under sweltering Suns to
got to track under sweltering Suns to
some<00:09:17.760> of<00:09:17.880> the<00:09:18.000> most<00:09:18.240> remote<00:09:18.959> difficult<00:09:19.160> to
some of the most remote difficult to
some of the most remote difficult to
reach<00:09:19.680> places<00:09:20.079> in<00:09:20.240> the<00:09:20.399> world<00:09:21.279> and<00:09:21.440> they<00:09:21.600> also
reach places in the world and they also
reach places in the world and they also
have<00:09:22.079> to<00:09:22.320> dodge<00:09:22.680> bullets<00:09:23.560> because<00:09:24.040> we<00:09:24.279> have
have to dodge bullets because we have
have to dodge bullets because we have
got<00:09:24.640> to<00:09:24.880> operate<00:09:25.240> during<00:09:25.600> shaky<00:09:26.040> ceasefires
got to operate during shaky ceasefires
got to operate during shaky ceasefires
and<00:09:26.920> trues<00:09:27.720> to<00:09:27.880> try<00:09:28.079> and<00:09:28.360> vaccinate<00:09:28.839> children
and trues to try and vaccinate children
and trues to try and vaccinate children
even<00:09:30.160> in<00:09:30.399> areas<00:09:30.800> affected<00:09:31.240> by<00:09:31.880> conflict<00:09:32.880> one
even in areas affected by conflict one
even in areas affected by conflict one
reporter<00:09:33.640> who<00:09:33.800> was<00:09:34.279> watching<00:09:34.600> our<00:09:34.880> program<00:09:35.399> in
reporter who was watching our program in
reporter who was watching our program in
Somalia<00:09:36.600> about<00:09:36.839> 5<00:09:37.079> years<00:09:37.279> ago<00:09:37.480> a<00:09:37.560> place<00:09:37.760> which
Somalia about 5 years ago a place which
Somalia about 5 years ago a place which
has<00:09:38.000> eradicated<00:09:38.600> polio<00:09:38.959> not<00:09:39.160> once<00:09:39.399> but<00:09:39.560> twice
has eradicated polio not once but twice
has eradicated polio not once but twice
because<00:09:40.079> they<00:09:40.200> got<00:09:40.440> reinfected<00:09:41.440> he<00:09:41.560> was
because they got reinfected he was
because they got reinfected he was
sitting<00:09:41.880> on<00:09:42.000> the<00:09:42.079> side<00:09:42.240> of<00:09:42.360> the<00:09:42.440> road<00:09:42.800> watching
sitting on the side of the road watching
sitting on the side of the road watching
one<00:09:43.320> of<00:09:43.480> these<00:09:43.640> polio<00:09:44.160> campaigns<00:09:44.720> unfold<00:09:45.720> and
one of these polio campaigns unfold and
one of these polio campaigns unfold and
a<00:09:45.959> few<00:09:46.120> months<00:09:46.440> later<00:09:46.760> he<00:09:46.920> wrote<00:09:47.720> this<00:09:48.360> is
a few months later he wrote this is
a few months later he wrote this is
foreign<00:09:49.000> aid<00:09:49.360> at<00:09:49.480> its<00:09:49.720> most
foreign aid at its most
foreign aid at its most
heroic<00:09:51.760> and<00:09:51.959> these<00:09:52.240> Heroes<00:09:52.959> they<00:09:53.160> come<00:09:53.279> from
heroic and these Heroes they come from
heroic and these Heroes they come from
every<00:09:53.760> Walk<00:09:53.959> of<00:09:54.120> Life<00:09:54.360> all<00:09:54.519> sorts<00:09:54.760> of
every Walk of Life all sorts of
every Walk of Life all sorts of
backgrounds<00:09:55.760> but<00:09:55.920> one<00:09:56.079> of<00:09:56.200> the<00:09:56.360> most
backgrounds but one of the most
backgrounds but one of the most
extraordinary<00:09:57.440> is<00:09:57.600> Rotary<00:09:58.120> International
extraordinary is Rotary International
extraordinary is Rotary International
this<00:09:59.360> is<00:09:59.480> a<00:09:59.680> group<00:10:00.040> whose<00:10:00.399> million<00:10:01.079> strong
this is a group whose million strong
this is a group whose million strong
Army<00:10:01.680> of<00:10:01.839> volunteers<00:10:02.560> have<00:10:02.720> been<00:10:02.880> working<00:10:03.200> to
Army of volunteers have been working to
Army of volunteers have been working to
eradicate<00:10:04.000> polio<00:10:04.519> for<00:10:04.760> over<00:10:05.120> 20<00:10:05.680> years<00:10:06.560> the
eradicate polio for over 20 years the
eradicate polio for over 20 years the
right<00:10:07.160> at<00:10:07.279> the<00:10:07.399> center<00:10:07.720> of<00:10:07.839> the<00:10:08.000> whole
right at the center of the whole
right at the center of the whole
thing<00:10:09.839> now<00:10:10.040> it<00:10:10.200> took<00:10:10.560> years<00:10:10.920> to<00:10:11.120> build<00:10:11.399> up<00:10:11.640> the
thing now it took years to build up the
thing now it took years to build up the
infrastructure<00:10:12.720> for<00:10:12.920> polio<00:10:13.399> eradication
infrastructure for polio eradication
infrastructure for polio eradication
more<00:10:14.240> than<00:10:14.440> 15<00:10:14.839> years<00:10:15.200> much<00:10:15.399> longer<00:10:15.720> than<00:10:15.880> it
more than 15 years much longer than it
more than 15 years much longer than it
should<00:10:16.200> have<00:10:16.440> but<00:10:16.600> once<00:10:16.760> it<00:10:16.880> was<00:10:17.040> built<00:10:17.360> the
should have but once it was built the
should have but once it was built the
results<00:10:17.839> Were
results Were
results Were
Striking<00:10:19.680> within<00:10:20.360> a<00:10:20.519> couple<00:10:20.760> of<00:10:20.959> years<00:10:21.399> every
Striking within a couple of years every
Striking within a couple of years every
country<00:10:22.000> that<00:10:22.160> started<00:10:22.560> polio<00:10:23.120> eradication
country that started polio eradication
country that started polio eradication
rapidly<00:10:24.480> eradicated<00:10:25.360> all<00:10:25.720> three<00:10:26.200> of<00:10:26.360> their
rapidly eradicated all three of their
rapidly eradicated all three of their
polio<00:10:27.000> viruses<00:10:27.680> with<00:10:27.880> the<00:10:28.079> exception<00:10:28.800> of<00:10:29.200> four
polio viruses with the exception of four
polio viruses with the exception of four
countries<00:10:30.040> that<00:10:30.200> you<00:10:30.360> see<00:10:30.839> here<00:10:31.360> and<00:10:31.480> it<00:10:31.560> was
countries that you see here and it was
countries that you see here and it was
in<00:10:31.800> each<00:10:31.959> of<00:10:32.120> those<00:10:32.320> was<00:10:32.480> only<00:10:32.760> part<00:10:32.920> of<00:10:33.079> the
in each of those was only part of the
in each of those was only part of the
country<00:10:34.640> and<00:10:34.839> then<00:10:35.360> by
country and then by
country and then by
1999<00:10:37.200> one<00:10:37.480> of<00:10:37.639> the<00:10:37.800> three<00:10:38.079> polio<00:10:38.560> viruses<00:10:39.000> that
1999 one of the three polio viruses that
1999 one of the three polio viruses that
we<00:10:39.240> were<00:10:39.399> trying<00:10:39.639> to<00:10:39.839> eradicate<00:10:40.720> had<00:10:40.880> been
we were trying to eradicate had been
we were trying to eradicate had been
completely<00:10:41.800> eradicated<00:10:42.760> worldwide<00:10:43.760> proof<00:10:44.079> of
completely eradicated worldwide proof of
completely eradicated worldwide proof of
concept<00:10:45.760> and<00:10:46.000> then
concept and then
concept and then
today<00:10:48.440> there's<00:10:48.680> been<00:10:48.920> a<00:10:49.399> 99%<00:10:50.399> reduction
today there's been a 99% reduction
today there's been a 99% reduction
greater<00:10:51.160> than<00:10:51.320> 99%<00:10:52.279> reduction<00:10:53.000> in<00:10:53.200> the<00:10:53.360> number
greater than 99% reduction in the number
greater than 99% reduction in the number
of<00:10:53.760> children<00:10:54.160> who<00:10:54.320> are<00:10:54.519> being<00:10:54.880> paralyzed<00:10:55.639> by
of children who are being paralyzed by
of children who are being paralyzed by
this<00:10:56.040> awful<00:10:56.519> disease<00:10:57.480> when<00:10:57.639> we<00:10:57.800> started<00:10:58.240> over
this awful disease when we started over
this awful disease when we started over
20<00:10:58.760> years<00:10:59.240> ago<00:10:59.760> 1,000<00:11:00.639> children<00:11:01.040> were<00:11:01.240> being
20 years ago 1,000 children were being
20 years ago 1,000 children were being
paralyzed<00:11:02.240> every<00:11:02.560> single<00:11:03.040> day<00:11:03.399> by<00:11:03.600> this<00:11:03.839> virus
paralyzed every single day by this virus
paralyzed every single day by this virus
last<00:11:04.880> year<00:11:05.079> it<00:11:05.200> was
last year it was
last year it was
1,000<00:11:08.200> and<00:11:08.360> at<00:11:08.519> the<00:11:08.639> same<00:11:09.000> time<00:11:09.399> the<00:11:09.560> polio
1,000 and at the same time the polio
1,000 and at the same time the polio
eradication<00:11:10.639> program<00:11:11.040> has<00:11:11.200> been<00:11:11.399> working<00:11:11.959> to
eradication program has been working to
eradication program has been working to
help<00:11:12.360> in<00:11:12.519> a<00:11:12.639> lot<00:11:12.800> of<00:11:12.959> other<00:11:13.200> areas<00:11:13.880> it's<00:11:14.040> been
help in a lot of other areas it's been
help in a lot of other areas it's been
working<00:11:14.440> to<00:11:14.600> help<00:11:14.839> control<00:11:15.720> pandemic<00:11:16.120> flu
working to help control pandemic flu
working to help control pandemic flu
SARS<00:11:17.399> for<00:11:17.600> example<00:11:18.399> it's<00:11:18.600> also<00:11:18.800> been<00:11:19.000> trying
SARS for example it's also been trying
SARS for example it's also been trying
to<00:11:19.519> save<00:11:19.880> children<00:11:20.279> by<00:11:20.440> doing<00:11:20.680> other<00:11:20.920> things
to save children by doing other things
to save children by doing other things
giving<00:11:21.560> vitamin<00:11:21.880> A<00:11:22.120> drops<00:11:22.680> giving<00:11:23.000> measel
giving vitamin A drops giving measel
giving vitamin A drops giving measel
shots<00:11:23.880> giving<00:11:24.399> uh<00:11:24.639> bed<00:11:24.880> Nets<00:11:25.160> against<00:11:25.440> malaria
shots giving uh bed Nets against malaria
shots giving uh bed Nets against malaria
even<00:11:26.240> during<00:11:26.600> some<00:11:26.760> of<00:11:26.920> these<00:11:27.480> campaigns<00:11:28.480> but
even during some of these campaigns but
even during some of these campaigns but
the<00:11:28.720> most<00:11:29.200> exciting<00:11:29.720> thing<00:11:30.040> that<00:11:30.200> the<00:11:30.360> polio
the most exciting thing that the polio
the most exciting thing that the polio
eradication<00:11:31.600> program<00:11:32.040> has<00:11:32.200> been<00:11:32.399> doing<00:11:33.120> has
eradication program has been doing has
eradication program has been doing has
been<00:11:33.399> to<00:11:33.600> force<00:11:34.040> us<00:11:34.519> the<00:11:34.720> International
been to force us the International
been to force us the International
Community<00:11:36.440> to<00:11:36.680> reach<00:11:37.440> every<00:11:37.880> single<00:11:38.440> child
Community to reach every single child
Community to reach every single child
every<00:11:39.360> single<00:11:39.800> Community<00:11:40.320> the<00:11:40.480> most
every single Community the most
every single Community the most
vulnerable<00:11:41.320> people<00:11:41.680> in<00:11:41.800> the<00:11:41.959> world<00:11:42.480> with<00:11:42.639> the
vulnerable people in the world with the
vulnerable people in the world with the
most<00:11:43.079> basic<00:11:43.519> of<00:11:43.720> Health<00:11:44.040> Services
most basic of Health Services
most basic of Health Services
irrespective<00:11:46.120> of<00:11:46.440> geography<00:11:47.440> poverty
irrespective of geography poverty
irrespective of geography poverty
culture<00:11:49.200> and<00:11:49.399> even
culture and even
culture and even
conflict<00:11:51.519> so<00:11:51.720> things<00:11:51.920> were<00:11:52.079> looking<00:11:52.360> very
conflict so things were looking very
conflict so things were looking very
exciting<00:11:53.200> and<00:11:53.320> then<00:11:53.480> about<00:11:53.800> 5<00:11:54.079> years<00:11:54.360> ago<00:11:55.040> this
exciting and then about 5 years ago this
exciting and then about 5 years ago this
virus<00:11:55.680> this<00:11:55.880> ancient<00:11:56.240> virus<00:11:56.600> started<00:11:56.920> to
virus this ancient virus started to
virus this ancient virus started to
fight<00:11:57.519> back<00:11:58.399> the<00:11:58.519> first<00:11:59.000> problem<00:11:59.240> we<00:11:59.399> ran<00:11:59.639> into
fight back the first problem we ran into
fight back the first problem we ran into
was<00:12:00.760> that<00:12:01.120> in<00:12:01.320> these<00:12:01.560> last<00:12:01.800> four<00:12:02.160> countries
was that in these last four countries
was that in these last four countries
the<00:12:02.760> strongholds<00:12:03.399> of<00:12:03.639> this<00:12:03.880> virus<00:12:04.399> we<00:12:04.560> just
the strongholds of this virus we just
the strongholds of this virus we just
couldn't<00:12:05.079> seem<00:12:05.360> to<00:12:05.560> get<00:12:05.720> the<00:12:05.920> virus<00:12:06.240> rooted
couldn't seem to get the virus rooted
couldn't seem to get the virus rooted
out<00:12:07.680> and<00:12:07.800> then<00:12:07.920> to<00:12:08.120> make<00:12:08.279> the<00:12:08.440> matters<00:12:08.839> even
out and then to make the matters even
out and then to make the matters even
worse<00:12:09.720> the<00:12:09.839> virus<00:12:10.160> started<00:12:10.480> to<00:12:10.720> spread<00:12:11.160> out<00:12:11.320> of
worse the virus started to spread out of
worse the virus started to spread out of
these<00:12:11.720> four<00:12:12.120> places<00:12:12.639> especially<00:12:13.120> Northern
these four places especially Northern
these four places especially Northern
India<00:12:14.079> and<00:12:14.240> Northern<00:12:14.680> Nigeria<00:12:15.600> into<00:12:16.480> much<00:12:16.680> of
India and Northern Nigeria into much of
India and Northern Nigeria into much of
Africa<00:12:17.680> Asia<00:12:18.040> and<00:12:18.199> even<00:12:18.399> into<00:12:18.720> Europe<00:12:19.279> causing
Africa Asia and even into Europe causing
Africa Asia and even into Europe causing
horrific<00:12:20.279> outbreaks<00:12:20.880> in<00:12:21.120> places<00:12:21.519> that<00:12:21.720> had
horrific outbreaks in places that had
horrific outbreaks in places that had
not<00:12:22.040> seen<00:12:22.440> this<00:12:22.639> disease<00:12:23.440> for
not seen this disease for
not seen this disease for
decades<00:12:25.560> and<00:12:26.000> then<00:12:27.000> in<00:12:27.160> one<00:12:27.279> of<00:12:27.399> the<00:12:27.560> most
decades and then in one of the most
decades and then in one of the most
important<00:12:28.920> tenacious<00:12:29.560> and<00:12:29.800> toughest
important tenacious and toughest
important tenacious and toughest
reservoirs<00:12:30.839> of<00:12:30.959> the<00:12:31.120> polio<00:12:31.680> virus<00:12:32.000> in<00:12:32.160> the
reservoirs of the polio virus in the
reservoirs of the polio virus in the
world<00:12:33.040> we<00:12:33.279> found<00:12:34.199> that<00:12:34.360> our<00:12:34.639> vaccine<00:12:35.079> was
world we found that our vaccine was
world we found that our vaccine was
working<00:12:36.120> half<00:12:36.440> as<00:12:36.600> well<00:12:37.000> as<00:12:37.120> it<00:12:37.279> should<00:12:37.519> have
working half as well as it should have
working half as well as it should have
in<00:12:38.279> conditions<00:12:38.639> like<00:12:38.880> this<00:12:39.279> the<00:12:39.480> vaccine<00:12:40.079> just
in conditions like this the vaccine just
in conditions like this the vaccine just
couldn't<00:12:40.600> get<00:12:40.760> the<00:12:40.920> grip<00:12:41.160> it<00:12:41.279> needed<00:12:41.600> to<00:12:41.800> in
couldn't get the grip it needed to in
couldn't get the grip it needed to in
the<00:12:42.040> guts<00:12:42.320> of<00:12:42.480> these<00:12:42.680> children<00:12:43.279> and<00:12:43.440> protect
the guts of these children and protect
the guts of these children and protect
them<00:12:44.000> the<00:12:44.120> way<00:12:44.320> that<00:12:44.440> it<00:12:44.519> needed<00:12:45.040> to<00:12:46.040> now<00:12:46.279> at
them the way that it needed to now at
them the way that it needed to now at
that<00:12:46.839> time<00:12:47.440> there<00:12:47.639> was<00:12:48.160> a<00:12:48.399> great<00:12:49.040> as<00:12:49.120> you<00:12:49.240> can
that time there was a great as you can
that time there was a great as you can
imagine<00:12:50.040> frustration<00:12:50.920> let's<00:12:51.120> call<00:12:51.240> it
imagine frustration let's call it
imagine frustration let's call it
frustration<00:12:52.079> it<00:12:52.240> started<00:12:52.519> to<00:12:52.639> grow<00:12:53.040> very<00:12:53.279> very
frustration it started to grow very very
frustration it started to grow very very
quickly<00:12:54.120> and<00:12:54.320> all<00:12:54.440> of<00:12:54.560> a<00:12:54.720> sudden<00:12:55.000> some<00:12:55.399> very
quickly and all of a sudden some very
quickly and all of a sudden some very
important<00:12:56.279> voices<00:12:56.720> in<00:12:56.839> the<00:12:56.959> world<00:12:57.160> of<00:12:57.360> Public
important voices in the world of Public
important voices in the world of Public
Health<00:12:58.199> started<00:12:58.519> to<00:12:58.639> say<00:12:58.880> say<00:12:59.120> hang<00:12:59.279> on<00:12:59.480> we
Health started to say say hang on we
Health started to say say hang on we
should<00:12:59.839> abandon<00:13:00.399> this<00:13:00.720> idea<00:13:01.000> of<00:13:01.160> eradication
should abandon this idea of eradication
should abandon this idea of eradication
let's<00:13:02.320> settle<00:13:02.639> for<00:13:02.920> control<00:13:03.680> that's<00:13:03.920> good
let's settle for control that's good
let's settle for control that's good
enough<00:13:05.560> now<00:13:05.800> as<00:13:06.040> seductive<00:13:06.800> as<00:13:06.959> the<00:13:07.160> idea<00:13:07.399> of
enough now as seductive as the idea of
enough now as seductive as the idea of
control<00:13:08.360> sounds<00:13:09.360> it's<00:13:09.519> a<00:13:09.800> false
control sounds it's a false
control sounds it's a false
premise<00:13:11.839> the<00:13:12.040> brutal<00:13:12.519> truth<00:13:13.079> is<00:13:13.839> if<00:13:14.079> we<00:13:14.360> don't
premise the brutal truth is if we don't
premise the brutal truth is if we don't
have<00:13:15.040> the<00:13:15.199> will<00:13:15.800> or<00:13:16.000> the<00:13:16.199> skill<00:13:16.720> or<00:13:16.880> even<00:13:17.040> the
have the will or the skill or even the
have the will or the skill or even the
money<00:13:17.760> that<00:13:17.920> we<00:13:18.120> need<00:13:18.720> to<00:13:18.959> reach<00:13:19.519> children<00:13:20.480> the
money that we need to reach children the
money that we need to reach children the
most<00:13:20.839> vulnerable<00:13:21.360> children<00:13:21.680> in<00:13:21.839> the<00:13:21.959> world
most vulnerable children in the world
most vulnerable children in the world
with<00:13:22.440> something<00:13:22.959> as<00:13:23.199> simple<00:13:23.680> as<00:13:23.800> an<00:13:23.959> oral
with something as simple as an oral
with something as simple as an oral
polio
polio
polio
vaccine<00:13:26.720> then<00:13:27.240> pretty<00:13:27.600> soon<00:13:28.440> more<00:13:28.920> than
vaccine then pretty soon more than
vaccine then pretty soon more than
200,000<00:13:30.120> children<00:13:30.519> are<00:13:30.800> again<00:13:31.079> going<00:13:31.240> to<00:13:31.399> be
200,000 children are again going to be
200,000 children are again going to be
paralyzed<00:13:32.199> by<00:13:32.360> this<00:13:32.600> disease<00:13:33.399> every<00:13:33.920> single
paralyzed by this disease every single
paralyzed by this disease every single
year<00:13:34.920> there's<00:13:35.240> absolutely<00:13:35.880> no<00:13:36.480> question
year there's absolutely no question
year there's absolutely no question
these<00:13:37.600> are<00:13:37.839> children<00:13:38.199> like
these are children like
these are children like
Umar<00:13:40.040> Umar<00:13:40.639> is<00:13:41.160> seven<00:13:41.519> years<00:13:41.800> old<00:13:42.519> and<00:13:42.639> he's
Umar Umar is seven years old and he's
Umar Umar is seven years old and he's
from<00:13:43.040> northern<00:13:43.480> Nigeria<00:13:44.480> he<00:13:44.639> lives<00:13:45.000> in<00:13:45.160> a
from northern Nigeria he lives in a
from northern Nigeria he lives in a
family<00:13:45.760> home<00:13:46.079> there<00:13:46.279> with<00:13:46.440> his<00:13:46.680> eight
family home there with his eight
family home there with his eight
brothers<00:13:47.440> and<00:13:48.160> sisters<00:13:49.160> Umar<00:13:49.639> also<00:13:49.959> has<00:13:50.680> polio
brothers and sisters Umar also has polio
brothers and sisters Umar also has polio
Umar<00:13:52.160> was<00:13:52.440> paralyzed<00:13:53.199> for<00:13:53.519> Life<00:13:53.880> his<00:13:54.079> right
Umar was paralyzed for Life his right
Umar was paralyzed for Life his right
leg<00:13:54.519> was<00:13:54.800> paralyzed<00:13:55.399> in
leg was paralyzed in
leg was paralyzed in
2004<00:13:58.360> this<00:13:58.920> leg<00:13:59.279> his<00:13:59.519> right<00:13:59.800> leg<00:14:00.440> now<00:14:00.720> takes<00:14:00.959> an
2004 this leg his right leg now takes an
2004 this leg his right leg now takes an
awful<00:14:01.680> beating<00:14:02.440> because<00:14:02.680> he<00:14:02.839> has<00:14:03.000> to<00:14:03.279> half
awful beating because he has to half
awful beating because he has to half
crawl<00:14:04.160> because<00:14:04.360> it's<00:14:04.600> faster<00:14:04.880> to<00:14:05.040> move<00:14:05.279> that
crawl because it's faster to move that
crawl because it's faster to move that
way<00:14:05.560> to<00:14:05.720> keep<00:14:05.880> up<00:14:06.000> with<00:14:06.160> his<00:14:06.279> friends<00:14:06.720> keep<00:14:06.880> up
way to keep up with his friends keep up
way to keep up with his friends keep up
with<00:14:07.160> his<00:14:07.320> brothers<00:14:07.600> and<00:14:07.839> sisters<00:14:08.440> than<00:14:08.600> to
with his brothers and sisters than to
with his brothers and sisters than to
get<00:14:08.880> up<00:14:09.000> on<00:14:09.160> his<00:14:09.360> crutches<00:14:09.800> and<00:14:10.320> walk<00:14:11.320> but<00:14:11.519> um
get up on his crutches and walk but um
get up on his crutches and walk but um
is<00:14:12.320> a<00:14:12.560> fantastic<00:14:13.160> student<00:14:13.560> he's<00:14:13.759> an
is a fantastic student he's an
is a fantastic student he's an
incredible<00:14:14.600> kid<00:14:15.240> as<00:14:15.519> uh<00:14:15.639> you<00:14:15.880> you<00:14:16.240> probably
incredible kid as uh you you probably
incredible kid as uh you you probably
can't<00:14:16.680> see<00:14:16.880> the<00:14:17.079> detail<00:14:17.480> here<00:14:17.680> but<00:14:17.800> this<00:14:17.920> is
can't see the detail here but this is
can't see the detail here but this is
his<00:14:18.279> report<00:14:18.600> card<00:14:18.839> and<00:14:18.920> you'll<00:14:19.040> see<00:14:19.240> he's<00:14:19.399> get
his report card and you'll see he's get
his report card and you'll see he's get
perfect<00:14:19.880> scores<00:14:20.240> he<00:14:20.360> got<00:14:20.639> 100%<00:14:21.160> in<00:14:21.320> all<00:14:21.480> the
perfect scores he got 100% in all the
perfect scores he got 100% in all the
important<00:14:22.079> things<00:14:22.480> um<00:14:22.839> like<00:14:23.040> nursery<00:14:23.519> rhymes
important things um like nursery rhymes
important things um like nursery rhymes
for<00:14:24.199> example<00:14:24.920> there<00:14:25.920> but<00:14:26.360> um<00:14:26.839> you<00:14:26.920> know<00:14:27.120> I'd
for example there but um you know I'd
for example there but um you know I'd
love<00:14:27.360> to<00:14:27.480> be<00:14:27.560> able<00:14:27.720> to<00:14:27.839> tell<00:14:27.959> you<00:14:28.120> that<00:14:28.279> Umar<00:14:28.880> is
love to be able to tell you that Umar is
love to be able to tell you that Umar is
a<00:14:29.240> typical<00:14:29.720> kid<00:14:30.040> with<00:14:30.480> with<00:14:30.639> polio<00:14:31.120> these<00:14:31.320> days
a typical kid with with polio these days
a typical kid with with polio these days
but<00:14:31.680> it's<00:14:31.880> not<00:14:32.120> true<00:14:32.920> Umar<00:14:33.399> is<00:14:33.519> an<00:14:33.800> exceptional
but it's not true Umar is an exceptional
but it's not true Umar is an exceptional
kid<00:14:34.920> in<00:14:35.199> exceptional
kid in exceptional
kid in exceptional
circumstances<00:14:37.600> the<00:14:37.800> reality<00:14:38.240> of<00:14:38.440> polio<00:14:38.839> today
circumstances the reality of polio today
circumstances the reality of polio today
is<00:14:39.440> something<00:14:40.000> very<00:14:40.680> different<00:14:41.680> polio
is something very different polio
is something very different polio
strikes<00:14:42.759> the<00:14:43.000> poorest<00:14:43.560> communities<00:14:44.120> in<00:14:44.240> the
strikes the poorest communities in the
strikes the poorest communities in the
world<00:14:45.440> it<00:14:45.600> leaves<00:14:45.920> their<00:14:46.160> children<00:14:46.839> paralyzed
world it leaves their children paralyzed
world it leaves their children paralyzed
and<00:14:47.920> it<00:14:48.079> drags<00:14:48.519> their<00:14:48.759> families<00:14:49.519> deeper<00:14:50.040> into
and it drags their families deeper into
and it drags their families deeper into
poverty<00:14:51.160> because<00:14:51.360> they're<00:14:51.680> desperately
poverty because they're desperately
poverty because they're desperately
searching<00:14:52.839> and<00:14:52.959> they're<00:14:53.160> desperately
searching and they're desperately
searching and they're desperately
spending<00:14:53.959> the<00:14:54.079> little<00:14:54.279> bit<00:14:54.399> of<00:14:54.600> savings<00:14:55.079> that
spending the little bit of savings that
spending the little bit of savings that
they<00:14:55.440> have<00:14:55.880> trying<00:14:56.399> in<00:14:56.600> vain<00:14:57.199> to<00:14:57.480> find<00:14:57.920> a<00:14:58.279> cure
they have trying in vain to find a cure
they have trying in vain to find a cure
for<00:14:59.160> their
for their
for their
children<00:15:01.600> we<00:15:01.759> think<00:15:02.120> children<00:15:02.800> deserve
children we think children deserve
children we think children deserve
better<00:15:05.279> and<00:15:05.480> so<00:15:06.000> when<00:15:06.120> the<00:15:06.279> going<00:15:06.639> got<00:15:06.920> really
better and so when the going got really
better and so when the going got really
tough<00:15:07.560> in<00:15:07.680> the<00:15:07.800> polio<00:15:08.160> eradication<00:15:09.040> program
tough in the polio eradication program
tough in the polio eradication program
about<00:15:10.079> two<00:15:10.399> years<00:15:10.680> ago<00:15:11.480> when<00:15:11.639> people<00:15:11.800> were
about two years ago when people were
about two years ago when people were
saying<00:15:12.240> that<00:15:12.360> we<00:15:12.480> should<00:15:12.720> call<00:15:13.000> it<00:15:13.160> off<00:15:13.959> the
saying that we should call it off the
saying that we should call it off the
polio<00:15:14.639> partnership<00:15:15.160> decided<00:15:15.519> to<00:15:15.720> buckle<00:15:16.199> down
polio partnership decided to buckle down
polio partnership decided to buckle down
once<00:15:17.199> again<00:15:18.160> and<00:15:18.360> try<00:15:18.720> and<00:15:19.000> find<00:15:19.480> Innovative
once again and try and find Innovative
once again and try and find Innovative
new<00:15:20.440> Solutions<00:15:21.040> new<00:15:21.240> ways<00:15:21.480> to<00:15:21.639> get<00:15:21.759> to<00:15:21.920> the
new Solutions new ways to get to the
new Solutions new ways to get to the
children<00:15:22.399> that<00:15:22.600> we<00:15:22.720> were<00:15:22.920> missing<00:15:23.360> again<00:15:23.680> and
children that we were missing again and
children that we were missing again and
again<00:15:24.639> in<00:15:24.839> Northern<00:15:25.320> India<00:15:25.959> we<00:15:26.079> started
again in Northern India we started
again in Northern India we started
mapping<00:15:26.800> the<00:15:26.959> cases<00:15:27.360> using<00:15:27.759> satellite
mapping the cases using satellite
mapping the cases using satellite
imaging<00:15:28.720> like<00:15:28.920> this<00:15:29.079> so<00:15:29.199> that<00:15:29.360> we<00:15:29.480> could<00:15:29.759> guide
imaging like this so that we could guide
imaging like this so that we could guide
our<00:15:30.279> investments<00:15:30.800> in<00:15:31.040> vaccinator<00:15:31.600> shelters
our investments in vaccinator shelters
our investments in vaccinator shelters
so<00:15:32.240> we<00:15:32.360> could<00:15:32.519> get<00:15:32.680> to<00:15:32.839> the<00:15:33.000> millions<00:15:33.399> of
so we could get to the millions of
so we could get to the millions of
children<00:15:34.279> on<00:15:34.399> the<00:15:34.560> coy<00:15:34.920> River<00:15:35.199> Basin<00:15:35.560> where
children on the coy River Basin where
children on the coy River Basin where
there<00:15:35.759> were<00:15:35.920> no<00:15:36.079> other<00:15:36.240> health<00:15:36.560> services<00:15:37.560> in
there were no other health services in
there were no other health services in
Northern<00:15:38.240> Nigeria<00:15:39.079> the<00:15:39.279> political<00:15:39.720> leaders
Northern Nigeria the political leaders
Northern Nigeria the political leaders
and<00:15:40.319> the<00:15:40.440> traditional<00:15:40.959> Muslim<00:15:41.319> leaders<00:15:41.720> they
and the traditional Muslim leaders they
and the traditional Muslim leaders they
got<00:15:42.199> directly<00:15:42.759> involved<00:15:43.199> in<00:15:43.360> the<00:15:43.560> program<00:15:43.920> to
got directly involved in the program to
got directly involved in the program to
help<00:15:44.279> solve<00:15:44.639> the<00:15:44.880> problems<00:15:45.199> of<00:15:45.399> logistics<00:15:46.040> and
help solve the problems of logistics and
help solve the problems of logistics and
Community<00:15:46.920> confidence<00:15:47.920> and<00:15:48.079> now<00:15:48.360> they've
Community confidence and now they've
Community confidence and now they've
even<00:15:48.800> started<00:15:49.199> using<00:15:49.639> these<00:15:49.880> devices
even started using these devices
even started using these devices
speaking<00:15:50.759> of<00:15:51.079> cool<00:15:51.440> technology<00:15:52.360> these<00:15:52.720> little
speaking of cool technology these little
speaking of cool technology these little
devices<00:15:53.480> little<00:15:53.759> GIS<00:15:54.360> trackers<00:15:55.000> like<00:15:55.279> this
devices little GIS trackers like this
devices little GIS trackers like this
which<00:15:55.920> they<00:15:56.079> put<00:15:56.240> into<00:15:56.519> the<00:15:56.800> vaccine<00:15:57.360> carriers
which they put into the vaccine carriers
which they put into the vaccine carriers
of<00:15:57.959> their<00:15:58.120> vaccin<00:15:59.079> and<00:15:59.199> then<00:15:59.319> they<00:15:59.440> can<00:15:59.600> track
of their vaccin and then they can track
of their vaccin and then they can track
them<00:16:00.079> and<00:16:00.199> at<00:16:00.279> the<00:16:00.360> end<00:16:00.519> of<00:16:00.639> the<00:16:00.800> day<00:16:01.000> they<00:16:01.160> look
them and at the end of the day they look
them and at the end of the day they look
and<00:16:01.440> see<00:16:01.680> did<00:16:01.880> these<00:16:02.040> guys<00:16:02.360> get<00:16:02.519> to<00:16:02.720> every
and see did these guys get to every
and see did these guys get to every
single<00:16:03.279> Street<00:16:03.680> every<00:16:03.920> single<00:16:04.399> house<00:16:05.040> this<00:16:05.160> is
single Street every single house this is
single Street every single house this is
the<00:16:05.519> kind<00:16:05.720> of<00:16:05.920> commitment<00:16:06.399> now<00:16:06.600> we're<00:16:06.759> seeing
the kind of commitment now we're seeing
the kind of commitment now we're seeing
to<00:16:07.480> try<00:16:07.800> and<00:16:08.040> reach<00:16:08.720> all<00:16:09.079> of<00:16:09.240> the<00:16:09.399> children
to try and reach all of the children
to try and reach all of the children
we'd<00:16:10.000> been<00:16:10.160> missing<00:16:11.160> and<00:16:11.279> in<00:16:11.519> Afghanistan
we'd been missing and in Afghanistan
we'd been missing and in Afghanistan
we're<00:16:12.480> trying<00:16:12.800> new<00:16:13.120> approaches<00:16:14.120> access
we're trying new approaches access
we're trying new approaches access
negotiators<00:16:15.639> working<00:16:16.000> closely<00:16:16.399> with<00:16:16.519> the
negotiators working closely with the
negotiators working closely with the
international<00:16:17.399> Committee<00:16:17.759> of<00:16:17.880> the<00:16:18.000> Red<00:16:18.279> Cross
international Committee of the Red Cross
international Committee of the Red Cross
to<00:16:19.040> ensure<00:16:19.440> that<00:16:19.600> we<00:16:19.720> can<00:16:19.880> reach<00:16:20.319> every<00:16:20.880> child
to ensure that we can reach every child
to ensure that we can reach every child
but<00:16:22.199> as<00:16:22.399> we<00:16:22.720> tried<00:16:23.480> these<00:16:23.800> extraordinary
but as we tried these extraordinary
but as we tried these extraordinary
things<00:16:24.959> as<00:16:25.120> people<00:16:25.319> went<00:16:25.480> to<00:16:25.680> this<00:16:25.839> trouble<00:16:26.360> to
things as people went to this trouble to
things as people went to this trouble to
try<00:16:26.959> and<00:16:27.199> rework<00:16:27.720> their<00:16:28.000> tactics<00:16:28.639> we<00:16:28.800> went
try and rework their tactics we went
try and rework their tactics we went
back<00:16:29.199> to<00:16:29.360> the<00:16:29.560> vaccine<00:16:30.040> it's<00:16:30.160> a<00:16:30.319> 50-year-old
back to the vaccine it's a 50-year-old
back to the vaccine it's a 50-year-old
vaccine<00:16:31.839> and<00:16:31.959> we<00:16:32.120> thought<00:16:32.360> surely<00:16:32.800> we<00:16:32.920> can
vaccine and we thought surely we can
vaccine and we thought surely we can
make<00:16:33.240> a<00:16:33.399> better<00:16:33.839> vaccine<00:16:34.639> so<00:16:34.800> that<00:16:34.959> when<00:16:35.120> they
make a better vaccine so that when they
make a better vaccine so that when they
finally<00:16:35.680> get<00:16:35.839> to<00:16:36.040> these<00:16:36.240> kids<00:16:36.519> we<00:16:36.639> can<00:16:36.759> have<00:16:36.880> a
finally get to these kids we can have a
finally get to these kids we can have a
better<00:16:37.279> bang<00:16:37.519> for<00:16:37.720> our<00:16:37.920> buck<00:16:38.759> and<00:16:38.920> this
better bang for our buck and this
better bang for our buck and this
started<00:16:39.399> an<00:16:39.600> incredible<00:16:40.199> collaboration<00:16:40.839> with
started an incredible collaboration with
started an incredible collaboration with
industry<00:16:41.920> and<00:16:42.079> within<00:16:42.480> six<00:16:42.839> months<00:16:43.480> we<00:16:43.600> were
industry and within six months we were
industry and within six months we were
testing<00:16:44.399> a<00:16:44.600> new<00:16:45.000> polio<00:16:45.519> vaccine<00:16:46.000> that
testing a new polio vaccine that
testing a new polio vaccine that
targeted<00:16:46.880> just<00:16:47.040> two<00:16:47.279> years<00:16:47.519> ago<00:16:48.000> the<00:16:48.240> last<00:16:48.440> two
targeted just two years ago the last two
targeted just two years ago the last two
types<00:16:49.000> of<00:16:49.199> polio<00:16:49.639> in<00:16:49.759> the<00:16:50.000> world<00:16:51.000> and<00:16:51.120> on<00:16:51.319> June
types of polio in the world and on June
types of polio in the world and on June
the<00:16:51.680> 9th<00:16:52.319> 200<00:16:52.720> 2009<00:16:53.519> we<00:16:53.639> got<00:16:53.800> the<00:16:53.920> first
the 9th 200 2009 we got the first
the 9th 200 2009 we got the first
results<00:16:54.600> from<00:16:54.759> the<00:16:54.920> first<00:16:55.160> trial<00:16:55.480> with<00:16:55.680> this
results from the first trial with this
results from the first trial with this
vaccine<00:16:56.839> and<00:16:56.959> it<00:16:57.079> turned<00:16:57.399> out<00:16:57.600> to<00:16:57.720> be<00:16:57.880> a
vaccine and it turned out to be a
vaccine and it turned out to be a
GameChanger<00:16:58.480> danger<00:16:59.360> the<00:16:59.560> new<00:17:00.000> vaccine<00:17:00.920> had
GameChanger danger the new vaccine had
GameChanger danger the new vaccine had
twice<00:17:01.639> the<00:17:01.880> impact<00:17:02.399> on<00:17:02.600> these<00:17:02.839> last<00:17:03.079> couple<00:17:03.279> of
twice the impact on these last couple of
twice the impact on these last couple of
viruses<00:17:04.199> as<00:17:04.360> the<00:17:04.480> old<00:17:04.799> vaccine<00:17:05.400> had<00:17:05.959> and<00:17:06.120> we
viruses as the old vaccine had and we
viruses as the old vaccine had and we
immediately<00:17:06.919> started<00:17:07.280> using<00:17:07.679> this<00:17:07.919> well<00:17:08.160> in<00:17:08.319> a
immediately started using this well in a
immediately started using this well in a
couple<00:17:08.600> of<00:17:08.720> months<00:17:08.919> we<00:17:09.000> had<00:17:09.120> to<00:17:09.199> get<00:17:09.280> it<00:17:09.360> out<00:17:09.480> of
couple of months we had to get it out of
couple of months we had to get it out of
production<00:17:10.360> and<00:17:10.439> it<00:17:10.559> started<00:17:10.839> rolling<00:17:11.240> off
production and it started rolling off
production and it started rolling off
the<00:17:11.600> production<00:17:12.000> lines<00:17:12.559> and<00:17:12.720> into<00:17:13.000> the<00:17:13.120> mouths
the production lines and into the mouths
the production lines and into the mouths
of<00:17:13.640> children<00:17:14.039> around<00:17:14.319> the<00:17:14.520> world<00:17:15.000> and<00:17:15.120> we
of children around the world and we
of children around the world and we
didn't<00:17:15.480> start<00:17:15.760> with<00:17:15.919> the<00:17:16.039> easy<00:17:16.360> places<00:17:16.959> the
didn't start with the easy places the
didn't start with the easy places the
first<00:17:17.400> place<00:17:17.640> this<00:17:17.919> vaccine<00:17:18.360> was<00:17:18.520> used<00:17:18.839> was<00:17:18.959> in
first place this vaccine was used was in
first place this vaccine was used was in
southern<00:17:19.600> Afghanistan<00:17:20.559> because<00:17:20.799> it's<00:17:20.959> in
southern Afghanistan because it's in
southern Afghanistan because it's in
places<00:17:21.679> like<00:17:21.880> that<00:17:22.079> where<00:17:22.439> kids<00:17:22.600> are<00:17:22.760> going<00:17:22.839> to
places like that where kids are going to
places like that where kids are going to
benefit<00:17:23.439> the<00:17:23.600> most<00:17:24.000> from<00:17:24.199> new<00:17:24.439> technologies
benefit the most from new technologies
benefit the most from new technologies
like
like
like
this<00:17:27.160> now<00:17:27.880> here<00:17:28.000> at<00:17:28.160> T<00:17:28.480> over<00:17:28.600> the<00:17:28.720> last<00:17:28.919> couple
this now here at T over the last couple
this now here at T over the last couple
of<00:17:29.280> days<00:17:29.960> I've<00:17:30.360> I've<00:17:30.520> seen<00:17:30.919> people<00:17:31.559> um
of days I've I've seen people um
of days I've I've seen people um
challenging<00:17:32.480> the<00:17:32.640> audience<00:17:33.120> again<00:17:33.280> and<00:17:33.480> again
challenging the audience again and again
challenging the audience again and again
to<00:17:34.280> uh<00:17:34.440> to<00:17:34.760> to<00:17:35.039> believe<00:17:35.440> in<00:17:35.600> the<00:17:35.960> impossible<00:17:36.960> so
to uh to to believe in the impossible so
to uh to to believe in the impossible so
um<00:17:37.840> this<00:17:38.000> morning<00:17:38.559> at<00:17:38.720> about<00:17:38.919> 7<00:17:39.200> o'clock<00:17:39.600> we
um this morning at about 7 o'clock we
um this morning at about 7 o'clock we
decided<00:17:40.160> that<00:17:40.280> we<00:17:40.440> try<00:17:40.600> and<00:17:40.760> drive<00:17:41.240> Chris<00:17:41.520> and
decided that we try and drive Chris and
decided that we try and drive Chris and
the<00:17:41.799> production<00:17:42.160> crew<00:17:42.480> here<00:17:42.600> at<00:17:42.720> berserk<00:17:43.600> by
the production crew here at berserk by
the production crew here at berserk by
um<00:17:44.679> downloading<00:17:45.360> all<00:17:45.520> of<00:17:45.640> our<00:17:45.919> data<00:17:46.360> from
um downloading all of our data from
um downloading all of our data from
India<00:17:47.240> again<00:17:47.799> so<00:17:48.000> that<00:17:48.320> you<00:17:48.520> could<00:17:48.760> see
India again so that you could see
India again so that you could see
something<00:17:49.679> that's<00:17:49.960> just<00:17:50.200> unfolding<00:17:50.880> today
something that's just unfolding today
something that's just unfolding today
which<00:17:52.120> proves<00:17:53.039> that<00:17:53.200> The<00:17:53.480> Impossible<00:17:54.360> Is
which proves that The Impossible Is
which proves that The Impossible Is
Possible<00:17:55.640> and<00:17:55.760> only<00:17:56.039> two<00:17:56.280> years<00:17:56.520> ago<00:17:56.840> people
Possible and only two years ago people
Possible and only two years ago people
were<00:17:57.280> saying<00:17:57.640> that<00:17:57.799> this<00:17:57.960> is<00:17:58.120> imposs<00:17:58.520> possible
were saying that this is imposs possible
were saying that this is imposs possible
now<00:17:59.559> remember<00:18:00.120> Northern<00:18:00.840> India<00:18:01.320> is<00:18:01.480> the
now remember Northern India is the
now remember Northern India is the
perfect<00:18:01.960> storm<00:18:02.400> when<00:18:02.480> it<00:18:02.640> comes<00:18:02.840> to<00:18:03.039> polio
perfect storm when it comes to polio
perfect storm when it comes to polio
over<00:18:04.440> 500,000<00:18:05.440> children<00:18:05.880> are<00:18:06.080> born<00:18:06.480> in<00:18:06.640> the
over 500,000 children are born in the
over 500,000 children are born in the
two<00:18:07.080> states<00:18:07.400> that<00:18:07.559> have<00:18:07.720> never<00:18:08.000> stopped<00:18:08.480> polio
two states that have never stopped polio
two states that have never stopped polio
utar<00:18:09.559> Pradesh<00:18:10.039> and<00:18:10.320> bear<00:18:11.320> 500,000<00:18:12.320> children
utar Pradesh and bear 500,000 children
utar Pradesh and bear 500,000 children
every<00:18:13.200> single<00:18:13.640> month<00:18:14.559> sanitation<00:18:15.200> is
every single month sanitation is
every single month sanitation is
terrible<00:18:16.039> and<00:18:16.159> our<00:18:16.320> old<00:18:16.679> vaccine<00:18:17.080> you
terrible and our old vaccine you
terrible and our old vaccine you
remember<00:18:17.799> worked<00:18:18.280> half<00:18:18.520> as<00:18:18.720> well<00:18:19.039> as<00:18:19.159> it
remember worked half as well as it
remember worked half as well as it
should<00:18:19.640> have<00:18:20.400> and<00:18:20.720> yet<00:18:21.720> The<00:18:21.880> Impossible<00:18:22.640> is
should have and yet The Impossible is
should have and yet The Impossible is
happening<00:18:24.240> today<00:18:25.240> marks<00:18:25.799> exactly<00:18:26.760> 6<00:18:27.120> months
happening today marks exactly 6 months
happening today marks exactly 6 months
and<00:18:28.000> for<00:18:28.120> the<00:18:28.559> first<00:18:28.799> time<00:18:28.960> in<00:18:29.159> history<00:18:29.640> not<00:18:29.799> a
and for the first time in history not a
and for the first time in history not a
single<00:18:30.440> child<00:18:30.840> has<00:18:31.000> been<00:18:31.280> paralyzed<00:18:31.840> in<00:18:32.000> utar
single child has been paralyzed in utar
single child has been paralyzed in utar
Pradesh<00:18:32.880> or
Bear<00:18:45.320> India<00:18:45.679> is<00:18:45.840> not<00:18:46.080> unique<00:18:46.880> in<00:18:47.400> umar's<00:18:47.919> home
Bear India is not unique in umar's home
Bear India is not unique in umar's home
country<00:18:48.720> of<00:18:48.960> Nigeria<00:18:49.559> a<00:18:49.919> 95%<00:18:50.919> reduction<00:18:51.400> in
country of Nigeria a 95% reduction in
country of Nigeria a 95% reduction in
the<00:18:51.640> number<00:18:51.880> of<00:18:52.000> children<00:18:52.440> Paralyzed<00:18:53.000> by
the number of children Paralyzed by
the number of children Paralyzed by
polio<00:18:53.720> last<00:18:53.960> year<00:18:54.520> and<00:18:54.679> in<00:18:54.799> the<00:18:54.960> last<00:18:55.200> 6<00:18:55.440> months
polio last year and in the last 6 months
polio last year and in the last 6 months
we've<00:18:56.000> had<00:18:56.280> less<00:18:56.919> places<00:18:57.400> reinfected<00:18:58.039> by
we've had less places reinfected by
we've had less places reinfected by
polio<00:18:58.799> than<00:18:59.000> at<00:18:59.200> any<00:18:59.480> other<00:18:59.799> time<00:19:00.080> in
polio than at any other time in
polio than at any other time in
history<00:19:02.400> ladies<00:19:02.600> and<00:19:02.720> gentlemen<00:19:03.159> with<00:19:03.240> a
history ladies and gentlemen with a
history ladies and gentlemen with a
combination<00:19:04.240> of<00:19:04.760> smart<00:19:05.240> people<00:19:06.080> smart
combination of smart people smart
combination of smart people smart
technology<00:19:07.360> and<00:19:07.520> smart<00:19:07.919> Investments<00:19:08.640> polio
technology and smart Investments polio
technology and smart Investments polio
can<00:19:09.280> now<00:19:09.480> be<00:19:09.760> eradicated
can now be eradicated
can now be eradicated
anywhere<00:19:12.640> we<00:19:12.760> have<00:19:13.039> major<00:19:13.480> challenges<00:19:14.120> you
anywhere we have major challenges you
anywhere we have major challenges you
can<00:19:14.480> imagine<00:19:14.840> to<00:19:15.039> finish<00:19:15.440> this<00:19:15.720> job<00:19:16.679> but<00:19:17.120> as
can imagine to finish this job but as
can imagine to finish this job but as
you've<00:19:17.520> also<00:19:17.840> seen<00:19:18.720> it's<00:19:19.080> doable<00:19:20.080> it<00:19:20.240> has
you've also seen it's doable it has
you've also seen it's doable it has
great<00:19:20.919> secondary<00:19:21.480> benefits<00:19:22.480> and<00:19:22.679> polio
great secondary benefits and polio
great secondary benefits and polio
eradication<00:19:23.720> is<00:19:23.840> a<00:19:24.120> great
eradication is a great
eradication is a great
buy<00:19:26.159> and<00:19:26.360> as<00:19:26.520> long<00:19:26.760> as<00:19:26.960> any<00:19:27.320> child<00:19:28.360> anywhere<00:19:28.799> is
buy and as long as any child anywhere is
buy and as long as any child anywhere is
paralyzed<00:19:29.679> by<00:19:29.840> this<00:19:30.080> virus<00:19:30.600> it's<00:19:30.720> a<00:19:30.960> stark
paralyzed by this virus it's a stark
paralyzed by this virus it's a stark
reminder<00:19:32.159> that<00:19:32.400> we<00:19:32.600> are<00:19:32.880> failing<00:19:33.679> as<00:19:33.760> a
reminder that we are failing as a
reminder that we are failing as a
society<00:19:34.480> to<00:19:34.640> reach<00:19:35.000> children<00:19:35.480> with<00:19:35.640> the<00:19:35.799> most
society to reach children with the most
society to reach children with the most
basic<00:19:36.799> of<00:19:37.280> services<00:19:38.280> and<00:19:38.400> for<00:19:38.559> that<00:19:38.720> reason
basic of services and for that reason
basic of services and for that reason
polio<00:19:39.400> eradication<00:19:40.080> it's<00:19:40.320> the<00:19:40.480> ultimate<00:19:41.200> in
polio eradication it's the ultimate in
polio eradication it's the ultimate in
equity<00:19:42.200> and<00:19:42.320> it's<00:19:42.520> the<00:19:42.720> ultimate<00:19:43.440> in<00:19:43.640> social
equity and it's the ultimate in social
equity and it's the ultimate in social
justice<00:19:46.400> the<00:19:46.640> huge<00:19:47.120> social<00:19:47.520> movement<00:19:48.159> that's
justice the huge social movement that's
justice the huge social movement that's
been<00:19:48.520> involved<00:19:48.919> in<00:19:49.080> polio<00:19:49.520> eradication<00:19:50.159> is
been involved in polio eradication is
been involved in polio eradication is
ready<00:19:50.520> to<00:19:50.640> do<00:19:50.880> way<00:19:51.039> more<00:19:51.240> for<00:19:51.480> these<00:19:51.679> children
ready to do way more for these children
ready to do way more for these children
it's<00:19:52.400> ready<00:19:52.559> to<00:19:52.720> reach<00:19:52.960> them<00:19:53.159> with<00:19:53.320> bed<00:19:53.600> nets
it's ready to reach them with bed nets
it's ready to reach them with bed nets
with<00:19:54.159> other<00:19:54.520> things<00:19:55.640> but<00:19:56.640> capitalizing<00:19:57.280> on
with other things but capitalizing on
with other things but capitalizing on
their<00:19:57.640> enthusiasm<00:19:58.480> capitalizing<00:19:59.080> on<00:19:59.240> their
their enthusiasm capitalizing on their
their enthusiasm capitalizing on their
energy<00:20:00.159> means<00:20:00.559> finishing<00:20:01.000> the<00:20:01.200> job<00:20:01.520> that<00:20:01.679> they
energy means finishing the job that they
energy means finishing the job that they
started<00:20:02.360> 20<00:20:03.000> years<00:20:03.600> ago<00:20:04.600> finishing<00:20:05.120> polio<00:20:05.880> is
started 20 years ago finishing polio is
started 20 years ago finishing polio is
a<00:20:06.280> smart<00:20:06.640> thing<00:20:06.799> to<00:20:06.960> do<00:20:07.520> and<00:20:07.679> it's<00:20:07.919> the<00:20:08.159> right
a smart thing to do and it's the right
a smart thing to do and it's the right
thing<00:20:08.679> to<00:20:09.200> do<00:20:10.200> now<00:20:10.360> we're<00:20:10.520> in<00:20:10.720> tough<00:20:10.960> times
thing to do now we're in tough times
thing to do now we're in tough times
economically<00:20:12.520> but<00:20:12.760> as<00:20:13.240> David<00:20:13.559> Cameron<00:20:13.919> of<00:20:14.039> the
economically but as David Cameron of the
economically but as David Cameron of the
United<00:20:14.520> Kingdom<00:20:14.960> said<00:20:15.880> about<00:20:16.080> a<00:20:16.200> month<00:20:16.480> ago
United Kingdom said about a month ago
United Kingdom said about a month ago
when<00:20:16.880> he<00:20:16.960> was<00:20:17.120> talking<00:20:17.400> about<00:20:17.679> polio<00:20:18.520> there's
when he was talking about polio there's
when he was talking about polio there's
never<00:20:19.280> a<00:20:19.520> wrong<00:20:19.919> time<00:20:20.600> to<00:20:20.760> do<00:20:21.000> the<00:20:21.200> right
never a wrong time to do the right
never a wrong time to do the right
thing<00:20:23.000> finishing<00:20:23.520> polio<00:20:23.960> eradication<00:20:24.880> is<00:20:25.039> the
thing finishing polio eradication is the
thing finishing polio eradication is the
right<00:20:25.520> thing<00:20:25.720> to<00:20:25.919> do<00:20:26.640> and<00:20:26.760> we<00:20:26.880> are<00:20:27.039> at<00:20:27.120> a
right thing to do and we are at a
right thing to do and we are at a
crossroads<00:20:27.960> right<00:20:28.320> now<00:20:28.799> in<00:20:29.000> this<00:20:29.240> great
crossroads right now in this great
crossroads right now in this great
effort<00:20:29.799> over<00:20:30.000> the<00:20:30.159> last<00:20:30.360> 20<00:20:30.760> years<00:20:31.400> we<00:20:31.520> have<00:20:31.640> a
effort over the last 20 years we have a
effort over the last 20 years we have a
new<00:20:32.159> vaccine<00:20:33.159> we<00:20:33.360> have<00:20:33.720> new<00:20:34.080> resolve<00:20:34.840> and<00:20:34.960> we
new vaccine we have new resolve and we
new vaccine we have new resolve and we
have<00:20:35.240> new<00:20:35.880> tactics<00:20:36.880> we<00:20:37.200> have<00:20:37.440> the<00:20:37.640> chance<00:20:38.240> to
have new tactics we have the chance to
have new tactics we have the chance to
write<00:20:38.840> an<00:20:39.080> entirely<00:20:39.840> new<00:20:40.640> polio<00:20:41.240> free<00:20:41.640> chapter
write an entirely new polio free chapter
write an entirely new polio free chapter
in<00:20:42.600> human
in human
in human
history<00:20:45.280> but<00:20:45.600> if<00:20:45.799> we<00:20:46.039> blink<00:20:46.840> now<00:20:47.840> we<00:20:48.000> will<00:20:48.320> lose
history but if we blink now we will lose
history but if we blink now we will lose
forever<00:20:49.360> the<00:20:49.559> chance<00:20:50.240> to<00:20:50.520> eradicate<00:20:51.360> an
forever the chance to eradicate an
forever the chance to eradicate an
ancient
ancient
ancient
disease<00:20:54.919> here's<00:20:55.120> a<00:20:55.360> great<00:20:55.600> idea<00:20:56.159> to<00:20:56.679> spread
disease here's a great idea to spread
disease here's a great idea to spread
and<00:20:58.159> polio<00:20:58.840> now<00:20:59.840> help<00:21:00.080> us<00:21:00.360> tell<00:21:00.679> the<00:21:00.919> story
and polio now help us tell the story
and polio now help us tell the story
help<00:21:01.760> us<00:21:02.000> build<00:21:02.280> the<00:21:02.480> momentum<00:21:03.360> so<00:21:03.600> that<00:21:04.120> very
help us build the momentum so that very
help us build the momentum so that very
soon<00:21:05.400> every<00:21:05.760> child<00:21:06.600> every<00:21:07.039> parent
soon every child every parent
soon every child every parent
everywhere<00:21:09.640> can<00:21:09.960> also<00:21:10.400> take<00:21:10.640> for<00:21:10.960> granted<00:21:11.960> a
everywhere can also take for granted a
everywhere can also take for granted a
polio<00:21:12.720> free<00:21:13.039> life
polio free life
polio free life
forever<00:21:15.520> thank
you
well<00:21:39.400> Bruce<00:21:39.720> where<00:21:39.840> do<00:21:39.960> you<00:21:40.120> think<00:21:40.600> the
well Bruce where do you think the
well Bruce where do you think the
toughest<00:21:41.279> places<00:21:41.600> are<00:21:41.760> going<00:21:41.840> to<00:21:41.960> be<00:21:42.200> where
toughest places are going to be where
toughest places are going to be where
would<00:21:42.600> you<00:21:42.720> say<00:21:43.200> we<00:21:43.320> need<00:21:43.520> to<00:21:43.640> be<00:21:43.840> the<00:21:44.320> smartest
would you say we need to be the smartest
would you say we need to be the smartest
the<00:21:45.440> four<00:21:45.840> places<00:21:46.320> where<00:21:46.640> where<00:21:46.760> you<00:21:46.880> saw<00:21:47.279> that
the four places where where you saw that
the four places where where you saw that
we've<00:21:47.520> never<00:21:47.720> stopped<00:21:48.159> Northern<00:21:48.559> Nigeria
we've never stopped Northern Nigeria
we've never stopped Northern Nigeria
Northern<00:21:49.440> India<00:21:50.039> Southern<00:21:50.400> corner<00:21:50.679> of
Northern India Southern corner of
Northern India Southern corner of
Afghanistan<00:21:51.520> and<00:21:51.760> bordering<00:21:52.200> areas<00:21:52.480> of
Afghanistan and bordering areas of
Afghanistan and bordering areas of
Pakistan<00:21:53.360> they're<00:21:53.559> going<00:21:53.640> to<00:21:53.799> be<00:21:54.039> the<00:21:54.360> uh<00:21:54.559> the
Pakistan they're going to be the uh the
Pakistan they're going to be the uh the
toughest<00:21:55.080> but<00:21:55.200> the<00:21:55.360> interesting<00:21:55.799> thing<00:21:56.000> is<00:21:56.200> of
toughest but the interesting thing is of
toughest but the interesting thing is of
those<00:21:56.679> three<00:21:57.159> India<00:21:57.440> is<00:21:57.520> looking<00:21:57.720> real<00:21:58.120> good
those three India is looking real good
those three India is looking real good
as<00:21:58.360> you<00:21:58.480> just<00:21:58.600> saw<00:21:58.799> in<00:21:58.919> the<00:21:59.080> data<00:21:59.679> and
as you just saw in the data and
as you just saw in the data and
Afghanistan<00:22:01.240> Afghanistan<00:22:01.799> we<00:22:01.919> think<00:22:02.039> has
Afghanistan Afghanistan we think has
Afghanistan Afghanistan we think has
probably<00:22:02.720> stopped<00:22:03.120> polio<00:22:03.520> repeatedly<00:22:04.039> it
probably stopped polio repeatedly it
probably stopped polio repeatedly it
keeps<00:22:04.400> getting<00:22:04.679> reinfected<00:22:05.360> so<00:22:05.559> the<00:22:05.720> tough
keeps getting reinfected so the tough
keeps getting reinfected so the tough
ones<00:22:06.240> are<00:22:06.720> going<00:22:06.840> to<00:22:07.039> get<00:22:07.880> top<00:22:08.120> of<00:22:08.520> Nigeria
ones are going to get top of Nigeria
ones are going to get top of Nigeria
finished<00:22:09.360> and<00:22:09.559> getting<00:22:10.080> Pakistan<00:22:10.520> finished
finished and getting Pakistan finished
finished and getting Pakistan finished
they're<00:22:10.919> going<00:22:11.000> to<00:22:11.120> be<00:22:11.200> the<00:22:11.360> tough<00:22:11.559> ones<00:22:12.120> and
they're going to be the tough ones and
they're going to be the tough ones and
what<00:22:12.400> about<00:22:12.559> the<00:22:12.640> money<00:22:12.880> give<00:22:13.000> us<00:22:13.120> a<00:22:13.279> sense<00:22:13.600> of
what about the money give us a sense of
what about the money give us a sense of
of<00:22:14.679> how<00:22:14.840> much<00:22:15.080> the<00:22:15.279> campaign<00:22:15.799> costs<00:22:16.080> a<00:22:16.240> year
of how much the campaign costs a year
of how much the campaign costs a year
and<00:22:16.960> is<00:22:17.080> it<00:22:17.360> easy<00:22:18.360> uh<00:22:18.480> to<00:22:18.640> raise<00:22:18.960> that<00:22:19.159> money
and is it easy uh to raise that money
and is it easy uh to raise that money
and<00:22:20.039> what<00:22:20.159> what's<00:22:20.360> going<00:22:20.480> to<00:22:20.760> be<00:22:20.960> like<00:22:21.159> the
and what what's going to be like the
and what what's going to be like the
next<00:22:21.559> couple<00:22:21.760> of<00:22:21.880> years<00:22:22.559> it's<00:22:22.760> interesting<00:22:23.480> we
next couple of years it's interesting we
next couple of years it's interesting we
spend<00:22:24.080> right<00:22:24.240> now<00:22:24.640> about<00:22:25.000> $750<00:22:26.000> million<00:22:26.279> to
spend right now about $750 million to
spend right now about $750 million to
$800<00:22:26.880> million<00:22:27.559> a<00:22:27.679> year
$800 million a year
$800 million a year
that's<00:22:28.679> what<00:22:28.799> it<00:22:28.960> costs<00:22:29.240> to<00:22:29.400> reach<00:22:29.760> 500
that's what it costs to reach 500
that's what it costs to reach 500
million<00:22:30.640> children<00:22:31.000> it<00:22:31.120> sounds<00:22:31.440> like<00:22:31.600> a<00:22:31.760> lot<00:22:31.880> of
million children it sounds like a lot of
million children it sounds like a lot of
money<00:22:32.320> it<00:22:32.400> is<00:22:32.559> a<00:22:32.720> lot<00:22:32.840> of<00:22:33.000> money<00:22:33.520> but<00:22:33.679> when
money it is a lot of money but when
money it is a lot of money but when
you're<00:22:33.960> reaching<00:22:34.480> 500<00:22:34.960> million<00:22:35.279> children
you're reaching 500 million children
you're reaching 500 million children
multiple<00:22:36.360> times<00:22:36.720> 20<00:22:37.080> 30<00:22:37.400> cents<00:22:37.720> to<00:22:37.880> reach<00:22:38.080> a
multiple times 20 30 cents to reach a
multiple times 20 30 cents to reach a
child<00:22:38.799> that's<00:22:39.000> not<00:22:39.320> very<00:22:39.600> much<00:22:39.880> money<00:22:40.679> but
child that's not very much money but
child that's not very much money but
right<00:22:41.240> now<00:22:41.400> we<00:22:41.480> don't<00:22:41.679> have<00:22:41.840> enough<00:22:42.000> of<00:22:42.120> that
right now we don't have enough of that
right now we don't have enough of that
we<00:22:42.320> have<00:22:42.440> a<00:22:42.559> big<00:22:42.760> gap<00:22:42.960> in<00:22:43.080> that<00:22:43.200> money<00:22:43.400> we're
we have a big gap in that money we're
we have a big gap in that money we're
cutting<00:22:44.039> corners<00:22:44.600> and<00:22:44.960> every<00:22:45.159> time<00:22:45.279> we<00:22:45.440> cut
cutting corners and every time we cut
cutting corners and every time we cut
Corners<00:22:46.039> more<00:22:46.320> places<00:22:46.760> get<00:22:46.960> infected<00:22:47.400> that
Corners more places get infected that
Corners more places get infected that
shouldn't<00:22:47.919> have<00:22:48.279> and<00:22:48.440> just<00:22:48.600> slows<00:22:49.000> us<00:22:49.240> down
shouldn't have and just slows us down
shouldn't have and just slows us down
and<00:22:49.880> that<00:22:50.080> great<00:22:50.400> buy<00:22:51.279> costs<00:22:51.520> us<00:22:51.679> a<00:22:51.760> little<00:22:52.000> bit
and that great buy costs us a little bit
and that great buy costs us a little bit
more<00:22:53.360> well<00:22:53.559> hopefully<00:22:53.960> we'll<00:22:54.320> uh<00:22:54.480> get<00:22:54.600> the
more well hopefully we'll uh get the
more well hopefully we'll uh get the
word<00:22:54.960> out<00:22:55.440> and<00:22:55.760> the<00:22:56.080> the<00:22:56.200> governments<00:22:56.600> will
word out and the the governments will
word out and the the governments will
keep<00:22:56.960> their<00:22:57.159> generosity<00:22:57.720> up<00:22:58.120> so<00:22:58.799> uh<00:22:58.960> good<00:22:59.159> luck
keep their generosity up so uh good luck
keep their generosity up so uh good luck
we're<00:22:59.520> all<00:22:59.679> in<00:22:59.880> this<00:23:00.120> with<00:23:00.279> you<00:23:00.799> thank<00:23:01.000> you
we're all in this with you thank you
we're all in this with you thank you
thank
thank
thank
[Applause]
you
Bruce Aylward, disease, polio, miracle, cure, polio, medicine, medical, science, TED, TED, Talk, TED-Ed, Ed, TEDEducation
