Our buggy moral code - Dan Ariely
[Music]
[Music]
I<00:00:16.119> want<00:00:16.240> to<00:00:16.359> talk<00:00:16.520> to<00:00:16.640> you<00:00:16.800> today<00:00:17.080> a<00:00:17.160> little<00:00:17.359> bit
I want to talk to you today a little bit
I want to talk to you today a little bit
about<00:00:18.119> uh<00:00:18.600> predictable
about uh predictable
about uh predictable
irrationality<00:00:21.640> and<00:00:22.160> um<00:00:22.960> my<00:00:23.160> interest<00:00:23.560> in
irrationality and um my interest in
irrationality and um my interest in
irrational<00:00:24.880> Behavior<00:00:25.680> started<00:00:26.039> many<00:00:26.240> years
irrational Behavior started many years
irrational Behavior started many years
ago<00:00:26.599> in<00:00:26.880> hospital<00:00:27.880> and<00:00:28.400> I<00:00:28.519> was<00:00:28.679> burned<00:00:29.320> uh<00:00:29.480> very
ago in hospital and I was burned uh very
ago in hospital and I was burned uh very
badly
and<00:00:32.480> if<00:00:32.640> you<00:00:33.239> spend<00:00:33.520> a<00:00:33.640> lot<00:00:33.760> of<00:00:33.879> time<00:00:34.040> in
and if you spend a lot of time in
and if you spend a lot of time in
hospital<00:00:34.960> you'll<00:00:35.200> see<00:00:35.480> a<00:00:35.680> lot<00:00:35.840> of<00:00:36.680> types<00:00:36.960> of
hospital you'll see a lot of types of
hospital you'll see a lot of types of
irrationalities<00:00:38.120> and<00:00:39.120> the<00:00:39.239> one<00:00:39.600> that<00:00:40.039> uh
irrationalities and the one that uh
irrationalities and the one that uh
particularly<00:00:40.719> bothered<00:00:41.120> me<00:00:41.360> in<00:00:41.559> the<00:00:42.280> burn
particularly bothered me in the burn
particularly bothered me in the burn
Department<00:00:43.399> was<00:00:43.600> the<00:00:44.160> process<00:00:44.600> by<00:00:44.760> which<00:00:44.920> the
Department was the process by which the
Department was the process by which the
nurses<00:00:45.559> took<00:00:45.960> the<00:00:46.120> bandage<00:00:46.559> of<00:00:47.000> me<00:00:48.000> now<00:00:48.120> you
nurses took the bandage of me now you
nurses took the bandage of me now you
must<00:00:48.480> have<00:00:48.640> all<00:00:48.879> taken<00:00:49.079> a<00:00:49.280> Band-Aid<00:00:49.680> off<00:00:49.879> at
must have all taken a Band-Aid off at
must have all taken a Band-Aid off at
some<00:00:50.239> point<00:00:50.480> and<00:00:50.600> you<00:00:50.719> must<00:00:50.879> have<00:00:51.079> wondered
some point and you must have wondered
some point and you must have wondered
what's<00:00:51.760> the<00:00:51.920> right<00:00:52.199> approach<00:00:53.199> do<00:00:53.320> you<00:00:53.440> rip<00:00:53.680> it
what's the right approach do you rip it
what's the right approach do you rip it
off<00:00:54.079> quickly<00:00:55.079> short<00:00:55.440> duration<00:00:55.920> but<00:00:56.120> high
off quickly short duration but high
off quickly short duration but high
intensity<00:00:57.440> or<00:00:57.600> do<00:00:57.680> you<00:00:57.800> take<00:00:57.960> your<00:00:58.079> bandid<00:00:58.440> off
intensity or do you take your bandid off
intensity or do you take your bandid off
slowly<00:00:59.079> you<00:00:59.280> take<00:00:59.559> a<00:00:59.680> long<00:01:00.199> time<00:01:00.480> but<00:01:00.640> each
slowly you take a long time but each
slowly you take a long time but each
second<00:01:01.680> is<00:01:01.840> not<00:01:02.039> as<00:01:02.399> painful<00:01:03.399> which<00:01:03.559> one<00:01:03.719> of
second is not as painful which one of
second is not as painful which one of
those<00:01:04.040> is<00:01:04.199> the<00:01:04.400> right
those is the right
those is the right
approach<00:01:06.640> the<00:01:06.799> nurses<00:01:07.200> in<00:01:07.439> my<00:01:08.200> department
approach the nurses in my department
approach the nurses in my department
thought<00:01:09.439> that<00:01:09.600> the<00:01:09.759> right<00:01:09.960> approach<00:01:10.280> was<00:01:10.439> The
thought that the right approach was The
thought that the right approach was The
Ripping<00:01:10.960> one<00:01:11.479> so<00:01:11.680> they<00:01:11.799> would<00:01:12.000> grab<00:01:12.320> hold<00:01:12.640> and
Ripping one so they would grab hold and
Ripping one so they would grab hold and
they<00:01:12.880> would<00:01:13.040> rip<00:01:13.320> and<00:01:13.439> they<00:01:13.520> would<00:01:13.680> grab<00:01:13.920> hold
they would rip and they would grab hold
they would rip and they would grab hold
and<00:01:14.320> they<00:01:14.400> would<00:01:14.560> rip<00:01:15.280> and<00:01:15.400> because<00:01:15.640> I<00:01:15.759> had<00:01:15.960> 70%
and they would rip and because I had 70%
and they would rip and because I had 70%
of<00:01:16.640> my<00:01:16.799> body<00:01:17.040> burned<00:01:17.400> it<00:01:17.520> would<00:01:17.640> take<00:01:17.840> about<00:01:18.040> an
of my body burned it would take about an
of my body burned it would take about an
hour<00:01:19.880> and<00:01:20.320> as<00:01:20.439> you<00:01:20.560> can<00:01:20.920> imagine<00:01:21.920> uh<00:01:22.240> I<00:01:22.479> hated
hour and as you can imagine uh I hated
hour and as you can imagine uh I hated
that<00:01:23.159> moment<00:01:23.479> of<00:01:23.640> ripping<00:01:24.159> with<00:01:24.400> Incredible
that moment of ripping with Incredible
that moment of ripping with Incredible
intensity<00:01:26.119> and<00:01:26.240> I<00:01:26.320> would<00:01:26.479> try<00:01:26.680> to<00:01:26.840> reason<00:01:27.240> with
intensity and I would try to reason with
intensity and I would try to reason with
them<00:01:27.560> and<00:01:27.680> say<00:01:27.920> why<00:01:28.040> don't<00:01:28.240> we<00:01:28.439> try<00:01:28.759> something
them and say why don't we try something
them and say why don't we try something
else<00:01:29.360> why<00:01:29.439> don't<00:01:29.600> we<00:01:29.759> take<00:01:29.960> take<00:01:30.119> it<00:01:30.479> a<00:01:30.600> little
else why don't we take take it a little
else why don't we take take it a little
longer<00:01:31.200> maybe<00:01:31.439> 2<00:01:31.640> hours<00:01:31.880> instead<00:01:32.119> of<00:01:32.240> an<00:01:32.360> hour
longer maybe 2 hours instead of an hour
longer maybe 2 hours instead of an hour
and<00:01:32.759> have<00:01:33.240> less<00:01:33.439> of<00:01:33.720> this
and have less of this
and have less of this
intensity<00:01:36.159> and<00:01:36.280> the<00:01:36.399> nurses<00:01:36.759> told<00:01:36.960> me<00:01:37.119> two
intensity and the nurses told me two
intensity and the nurses told me two
things<00:01:38.040> they<00:01:38.159> told<00:01:38.360> me<00:01:38.600> that<00:01:39.079> they<00:01:39.240> had<00:01:39.399> the
things they told me that they had the
things they told me that they had the
right<00:01:40.399> model<00:01:40.880> of<00:01:41.360> the<00:01:41.560> patient<00:01:41.960> that<00:01:42.119> they
right model of the patient that they
right model of the patient that they
knew<00:01:42.520> what<00:01:42.640> was<00:01:42.840> the<00:01:43.000> right<00:01:43.159> thing<00:01:43.320> to<00:01:43.439> do<00:01:43.600> to
knew what was the right thing to do to
knew what was the right thing to do to
minimize<00:01:44.200> my<00:01:44.520> pain<00:01:45.520> and<00:01:45.640> they<00:01:45.759> also<00:01:46.040> told<00:01:46.200> me
minimize my pain and they also told me
minimize my pain and they also told me
that<00:01:46.439> the<00:01:46.560> word<00:01:46.880> patient<00:01:47.280> doesn't<00:01:47.520> mean<00:01:47.719> to
that the word patient doesn't mean to
that the word patient doesn't mean to
make<00:01:48.119> suggestions<00:01:48.640> or<00:01:48.799> interfere
make suggestions or interfere
make suggestions or interfere
or<00:01:51.680> this<00:01:51.799> is<00:01:51.920> not<00:01:52.079> just<00:01:52.240> in<00:01:52.399> Hebrew<00:01:52.719> by<00:01:52.799> the<00:01:52.880> way
or this is not just in Hebrew by the way
or this is not just in Hebrew by the way
it's<00:01:53.119> in<00:01:53.240> every<00:01:53.439> language<00:01:53.799> I've<00:01:54.000> had
it's in every language I've had
it's in every language I've had
experience<00:01:54.640> with<00:01:54.799> so
experience with so
experience with so
far<00:01:56.719> and<00:01:57.119> um<00:01:57.799> you<00:01:57.920> know<00:01:58.119> there's<00:01:58.320> not<00:01:58.560> much
far and um you know there's not much
far and um you know there's not much
there<00:01:58.880> wasn't<00:01:59.159> much<00:01:59.320> I<00:01:59.439> could<00:01:59.600> do
there wasn't much I could do
there wasn't much I could do
and<00:02:00.520> they<00:02:00.640> kept<00:02:00.840> on<00:02:01.000> doing<00:02:01.320> what<00:02:01.680> what<00:02:01.759> they
and they kept on doing what what they
and they kept on doing what what they
were<00:02:02.039> doing<00:02:02.320> and<00:02:02.479> about<00:02:02.680> 3<00:02:02.880> years<00:02:03.119> later<00:02:03.399> when
were doing and about 3 years later when
were doing and about 3 years later when
I<00:02:03.640> left<00:02:03.840> the<00:02:04.200> hospital<00:02:05.200> I<00:02:05.280> started<00:02:05.600> studying
I left the hospital I started studying
I left the hospital I started studying
at<00:02:06.039> the
at the
at the
University<00:02:08.039> one<00:02:08.119> of<00:02:08.239> the<00:02:08.360> most<00:02:08.520> interesting
University one of the most interesting
University one of the most interesting
lesson<00:02:09.399> I<00:02:09.520> learned<00:02:10.000> lessons<00:02:10.720> was<00:02:11.120> that<00:02:12.120> there
lesson I learned lessons was that there
lesson I learned lessons was that there
is<00:02:12.400> an<00:02:12.640> experimental<00:02:13.319> method<00:02:13.920> that<00:02:14.080> if<00:02:14.160> you
is an experimental method that if you
is an experimental method that if you
have<00:02:14.519> a<00:02:14.800> question<00:02:15.239> you<00:02:15.319> can<00:02:15.879> create<00:02:16.120> a<00:02:16.599> replica
have a question you can create a replica
have a question you can create a replica
of<00:02:17.319> this<00:02:17.560> question<00:02:17.840> in<00:02:17.959> some<00:02:18.200> abstract<00:02:18.760> way
of this question in some abstract way
of this question in some abstract way
and<00:02:19.440> you<00:02:19.519> can<00:02:19.680> try<00:02:19.840> to<00:02:20.040> examine<00:02:20.480> this<00:02:20.599> question
and you can try to examine this question
and you can try to examine this question
maybe<00:02:21.160> learn<00:02:21.440> something<00:02:21.760> about<00:02:22.000> the<00:02:22.200> world<00:02:23.200> so
maybe learn something about the world so
maybe learn something about the world so
that's<00:02:23.640> what<00:02:24.280> I<00:02:24.440> did<00:02:24.640> I<00:02:24.720> was<00:02:24.840> still<00:02:25.000> interested
that's what I did I was still interested
that's what I did I was still interested
this<00:02:25.680> question<00:02:25.959> of<00:02:26.160> how<00:02:26.280> do<00:02:26.400> you<00:02:26.560> take
this question of how do you take
this question of how do you take
bandages<00:02:27.200> of<00:02:27.319> burn<00:02:27.680> patient<00:02:28.480> so<00:02:28.640> originally<00:02:29.160> I
bandages of burn patient so originally I
bandages of burn patient so originally I
I<00:02:29.599> didn't<00:02:30.120> have<00:02:30.519> uh<00:02:30.800> much<00:02:31.040> money<00:02:31.480> so<00:02:31.720> I<00:02:32.040> went<00:02:32.200> to
I didn't have uh much money so I went to
I didn't have uh much money so I went to
a<00:02:32.440> hardware<00:02:32.840> store<00:02:33.239> and<00:02:33.440> I<00:02:34.040> bought<00:02:34.280> a
a hardware store and I bought a
a hardware store and I bought a
carpenter's<00:02:35.239> Vice<00:02:36.239> and<00:02:36.360> I<00:02:36.440> would<00:02:36.640> bring
carpenter's Vice and I would bring
carpenter's Vice and I would bring
people<00:02:37.120> to<00:02:37.280> the<00:02:37.440> lab<00:02:37.879> and<00:02:38.000> I<00:02:38.040> would<00:02:38.200> put<00:02:38.319> their
people to the lab and I would put their
people to the lab and I would put their
finger<00:02:38.879> in<00:02:39.040> it<00:02:39.159> and<00:02:39.280> I<00:02:39.360> would<00:02:39.519> crunch<00:02:39.840> it<00:02:39.959> a
finger in it and I would crunch it a
finger in it and I would crunch it a
little
bit<00:02:43.599> and<00:02:43.720> I<00:02:43.800> would<00:02:43.959> crunch<00:02:44.239> it<00:02:44.319> for<00:02:44.519> long
bit and I would crunch it for long
bit and I would crunch it for long
periods<00:02:45.159> and<00:02:45.319> short<00:02:45.640> periods<00:02:46.080> that<00:02:46.280> pain<00:02:46.480> it
periods and short periods that pain it
periods and short periods that pain it
went<00:02:46.840> up<00:02:47.000> and<00:02:47.200> pain<00:02:47.360> it<00:02:47.519> went<00:02:47.720> down<00:02:48.280> and<00:02:48.480> with
went up and pain it went down and with
went up and pain it went down and with
breaks<00:02:48.959> and<00:02:49.120> without<00:02:49.400> breaks<00:02:49.760> all<00:02:49.920> kinds<00:02:50.080> of
breaks and without breaks all kinds of
breaks and without breaks all kinds of
versions<00:02:50.560> of<00:02:50.920> pain<00:02:51.920> and<00:02:52.040> when<00:02:52.159> I<00:02:52.319> finished
versions of pain and when I finished
versions of pain and when I finished
hurting<00:02:53.120> people<00:02:53.319> a<00:02:53.440> little<00:02:53.599> bit<00:02:53.720> I<00:02:53.800> would<00:02:53.959> ask
hurting people a little bit I would ask
hurting people a little bit I would ask
them<00:02:54.239> so<00:02:54.440> how<00:02:54.599> painful<00:02:55.000> was<00:02:55.200> this<00:02:55.360> or<00:02:55.519> how
them so how painful was this or how
them so how painful was this or how
painful<00:02:56.040> was<00:02:56.200> this<00:02:56.360> so<00:02:56.519> if<00:02:56.599> you<00:02:56.720> had<00:02:56.840> to<00:02:57.040> choose
painful was this so if you had to choose
painful was this so if you had to choose
between<00:02:57.640> the<00:02:57.800> last<00:02:58.040> two<00:02:58.319> which<00:02:58.480> one<00:02:59.200> would<00:02:59.400> you
between the last two which one would you
between the last two which one would you
choose
I<00:03:03.959> kept<00:03:04.159> on<00:03:04.319> doing<00:03:04.599> this<00:03:04.760> for<00:03:04.959> a
while<00:03:08.519> and<00:03:08.680> then<00:03:08.840> like<00:03:09.040> all<00:03:09.239> good<00:03:09.480> academic
while and then like all good academic
while and then like all good academic
projects<00:03:10.400> I<00:03:10.519> got<00:03:10.680> more<00:03:10.920> funding<00:03:11.920> I<00:03:12.040> moved<00:03:12.319> to
projects I got more funding I moved to
projects I got more funding I moved to
sounds<00:03:13.280> electrical
sounds electrical
sounds electrical
shocks<00:03:15.560> I<00:03:15.720> even<00:03:16.000> had<00:03:16.120> a<00:03:16.280> pain<00:03:16.599> suit<00:03:17.080> that<00:03:17.200> I
shocks I even had a pain suit that I
shocks I even had a pain suit that I
could<00:03:17.519> get<00:03:17.760> people<00:03:18.040> to<00:03:18.480> feel<00:03:18.760> much<00:03:18.920> more
could get people to feel much more
could get people to feel much more
pain<00:03:21.680> but<00:03:21.840> at<00:03:21.959> the<00:03:22.080> end<00:03:22.239> of<00:03:22.440> this<00:03:22.799> process<00:03:23.720> what
pain but at the end of this process what
pain but at the end of this process what
I<00:03:24.040> learned<00:03:24.400> was<00:03:24.519> that<00:03:24.640> the<00:03:24.760> nurses<00:03:25.159> were<00:03:25.840> wrong
I learned was that the nurses were wrong
I learned was that the nurses were wrong
here<00:03:27.040> were<00:03:27.680> wonderful<00:03:28.239> people<00:03:28.560> with<00:03:28.799> good
here were wonderful people with good
here were wonderful people with good
intentions<00:03:29.519> and<00:03:29.799> plenty<00:03:30.040> of<00:03:30.280> experience<00:03:30.760> and
intentions and plenty of experience and
intentions and plenty of experience and
nevertheless<00:03:31.400> they<00:03:31.519> were<00:03:31.680> getting<00:03:32.000> things
nevertheless they were getting things
nevertheless they were getting things
wrong<00:03:33.280> predictably<00:03:34.280> all<00:03:34.519> the<00:03:34.720> time<00:03:35.519> it<00:03:35.640> turns
wrong predictably all the time it turns
wrong predictably all the time it turns
out<00:03:36.200> that<00:03:36.400> because<00:03:36.680> we<00:03:36.799> don't<00:03:37.120> encode
out that because we don't encode
out that because we don't encode
duration<00:03:38.280> in<00:03:38.439> the<00:03:38.560> way<00:03:38.720> that<00:03:38.840> we<00:03:39.000> encode
duration in the way that we encode
duration in the way that we encode
intensity<00:03:40.400> I<00:03:40.480> would<00:03:40.640> have<00:03:40.799> had<00:03:40.959> less<00:03:41.239> pain<00:03:41.920> if
intensity I would have had less pain if
intensity I would have had less pain if
the<00:03:42.560> duration<00:03:43.000> would<00:03:43.159> have<00:03:43.319> been<00:03:43.480> longer<00:03:43.920> and
the duration would have been longer and
the duration would have been longer and
the<00:03:44.439> intensity<00:03:45.439> was<00:03:45.599> lower<00:03:46.480> it<00:03:46.640> turns<00:03:46.920> out<00:03:47.080> it
the intensity was lower it turns out it
the intensity was lower it turns out it
would<00:03:47.319> have<00:03:47.439> been<00:03:47.640> better<00:03:47.840> to<00:03:47.959> start<00:03:48.239> with<00:03:48.400> my
would have been better to start with my
would have been better to start with my
face<00:03:48.879> which<00:03:49.000> was<00:03:49.159> much<00:03:49.319> more<00:03:49.560> painful<00:03:50.120> and
face which was much more painful and
face which was much more painful and
move<00:03:50.480> toward<00:03:50.840> my<00:03:50.959> legs<00:03:51.519> giving<00:03:51.720> me<00:03:51.879> a<00:03:52.000> trend<00:03:52.239> of
move toward my legs giving me a trend of
move toward my legs giving me a trend of
improvement<00:03:53.000> over<00:03:53.280> time<00:03:53.519> that<00:03:53.680> would<00:03:53.799> have
improvement over time that would have
improvement over time that would have
been<00:03:54.079> also<00:03:54.360> less<00:03:54.560> painful<00:03:55.400> and<00:03:55.519> it<00:03:55.680> also<00:03:55.879> turns
been also less painful and it also turns
been also less painful and it also turns
out<00:03:56.319> it<00:03:56.400> would<00:03:56.519> have<00:03:56.640> been<00:03:56.760> good<00:03:56.920> to<00:03:57.040> give<00:03:57.159> me
out it would have been good to give me
out it would have been good to give me
breaks<00:03:57.599> in<00:03:57.720> the<00:03:57.799> middle<00:03:58.079> to<00:03:58.200> kind<00:03:58.319> of
breaks in the middle to kind of
breaks in the middle to kind of
recuperate<00:03:59.000> from<00:03:59.159> the<00:03:59.319> pain<00:03:59.840> all<00:04:00.000> of<00:04:00.159> these
recuperate from the pain all of these
recuperate from the pain all of these
would<00:04:00.439> have<00:04:00.560> been<00:04:00.760> great<00:04:01.000> things<00:04:01.200> to<00:04:01.360> do<00:04:01.760> and
would have been great things to do and
would have been great things to do and
my<00:04:02.000> nurses<00:04:02.480> had<00:04:02.640> no<00:04:02.840> idea<00:04:03.599> and<00:04:03.760> from<00:04:03.959> that
my nurses had no idea and from that
my nurses had no idea and from that
point<00:04:04.319> on<00:04:04.519> I<00:04:04.599> started<00:04:04.920> thinking<00:04:05.159> are<00:04:05.360> the
point on I started thinking are the
point on I started thinking are the
nurses<00:04:05.799> the<00:04:05.920> only<00:04:06.159> people<00:04:06.360> in<00:04:06.480> the<00:04:06.560> world<00:04:06.840> who
nurses the only people in the world who
nurses the only people in the world who
get<00:04:07.159> things<00:04:07.319> wrong<00:04:07.560> in<00:04:07.760> this<00:04:07.879> particular
get things wrong in this particular
get things wrong in this particular
decision<00:04:08.599> or<00:04:08.720> is<00:04:08.840> it<00:04:08.920> a<00:04:09.040> more<00:04:09.760> General<00:04:10.760> case
decision or is it a more General case
decision or is it a more General case
and<00:04:11.159> it<00:04:11.280> turns<00:04:11.560> out<00:04:12.120> it's<00:04:12.239> a<00:04:12.360> more<00:04:12.560> General
and it turns out it's a more General
and it turns out it's a more General
case<00:04:13.159> there's<00:04:13.319> a<00:04:13.519> lot<00:04:13.760> of<00:04:14.640> mistakes<00:04:15.599> we<00:04:15.840> do<00:04:16.799> and
case there's a lot of mistakes we do and
case there's a lot of mistakes we do and
um<00:04:17.720> I<00:04:17.799> want<00:04:17.919> to<00:04:18.079> give<00:04:18.199> you<00:04:18.400> one<00:04:18.680> example<00:04:19.239> of<00:04:19.639> one
um I want to give you one example of one
um I want to give you one example of one
of<00:04:19.959> these<00:04:20.120> irrationalities<00:04:20.759> and<00:04:21.720> um<00:04:22.280> I<00:04:22.400> want
of these irrationalities and um I want
of these irrationalities and um I want
to<00:04:22.639> talk<00:04:22.800> to<00:04:22.880> you<00:04:23.000> about<00:04:23.199> cheating<00:04:23.960> and<00:04:24.080> the
to talk to you about cheating and the
to talk to you about cheating and the
reason<00:04:24.360> I<00:04:24.479> pick<00:04:24.720> cheating<00:04:25.040> is<00:04:25.199> because<00:04:25.400> it's
reason I pick cheating is because it's
reason I pick cheating is because it's
interesting<00:04:26.080> but<00:04:26.280> also<00:04:26.479> it<00:04:26.600> tells<00:04:26.800> us
interesting but also it tells us
interesting but also it tells us
something<00:04:27.400> I<00:04:27.479> think<00:04:27.720> about<00:04:28.520> the<00:04:28.680> stock<00:04:28.960> market
something I think about the stock market
something I think about the stock market
situation<00:04:29.880> we're<00:04:30.199> in<00:04:31.560> so<00:04:32.560> my<00:04:32.720> interest<00:04:33.000> in
situation we're in so my interest in
situation we're in so my interest in
cheating<00:04:33.520> started<00:04:33.840> when<00:04:34.000> Enron<00:04:34.720> came<00:04:34.840> on<00:04:34.960> the
cheating started when Enron came on the
cheating started when Enron came on the
scene<00:04:35.320> and<00:04:35.479> exploded<00:04:35.919> all<00:04:36.000> of<00:04:36.120> a<00:04:36.240> sudden<00:04:36.840> and<00:04:36.960> I
scene and exploded all of a sudden and I
scene and exploded all of a sudden and I
started<00:04:37.479> thinking<00:04:37.880> about<00:04:38.160> what<00:04:38.280> is<00:04:38.520> happening
started thinking about what is happening
started thinking about what is happening
here<00:04:39.240> is<00:04:39.320> it<00:04:39.440> the<00:04:39.600> case<00:04:39.800> that<00:04:39.919> there<00:04:40.039> is<00:04:40.240> kind
here is it the case that there is kind
here is it the case that there is kind
of<00:04:40.440> a<00:04:40.560> few<00:04:40.800> apples<00:04:41.320> who<00:04:41.479> are<00:04:42.160> um<00:04:42.400> capable<00:04:42.720> of
of a few apples who are um capable of
of a few apples who are um capable of
doing<00:04:43.120> these<00:04:43.320> things<00:04:43.560> or<00:04:43.680> are<00:04:43.800> we<00:04:43.919> talking
doing these things or are we talking
doing these things or are we talking
more<00:04:44.479> endemic<00:04:45.000> situation<00:04:45.479> that<00:04:45.720> many<00:04:45.919> people
more endemic situation that many people
more endemic situation that many people
are<00:04:46.360> actually<00:04:46.720> capable<00:04:47.479> of<00:04:47.680> Behaving<00:04:48.199> this
are actually capable of Behaving this
are actually capable of Behaving this
way<00:04:49.440> so<00:04:49.800> like<00:04:49.919> we<00:04:50.080> usually<00:04:50.400> do<00:04:50.800> I<00:04:50.960> decided<00:04:51.280> to
way so like we usually do I decided to
way so like we usually do I decided to
do<00:04:51.600> a<00:04:51.759> simple<00:04:52.160> experiment<00:04:52.919> and<00:04:53.039> here's<00:04:53.320> how<00:04:53.440> it
do a simple experiment and here's how it
do a simple experiment and here's how it
went<00:04:54.240> if<00:04:54.320> you<00:04:54.440> were<00:04:54.560> in<00:04:54.680> the<00:04:54.880> experiment<00:04:55.479> I
went if you were in the experiment I
went if you were in the experiment I
would<00:04:55.880> pass<00:04:56.080> you<00:04:56.199> a<00:04:56.280> sheet<00:04:56.520> of<00:04:56.720> paper<00:04:57.160> with<00:04:57.479> 20
would pass you a sheet of paper with 20
would pass you a sheet of paper with 20
simple<00:04:58.199> math<00:04:58.600> problems<00:04:59.280> that<00:04:59.720> everybody
simple math problems that everybody
simple math problems that everybody
could<00:05:00.240> solve<00:05:00.880> but<00:05:01.000> I<00:05:01.080> wouldn't<00:05:01.360> give<00:05:01.479> you
could solve but I wouldn't give you
could solve but I wouldn't give you
enough<00:05:01.960> time<00:05:02.639> when<00:05:02.800> the<00:05:03.000> 5<00:05:03.199> minutes<00:05:03.479> were<00:05:03.720> over
enough time when the 5 minutes were over
enough time when the 5 minutes were over
I<00:05:04.199> would<00:05:04.440> say<00:05:05.039> pass<00:05:05.240> me<00:05:05.400> the<00:05:05.479> sheets<00:05:05.759> of<00:05:05.960> paper
I would say pass me the sheets of paper
I would say pass me the sheets of paper
and<00:05:06.560> I'll<00:05:06.759> pay<00:05:06.880> you<00:05:06.960> a<00:05:07.120> dollar<00:05:07.320> per<00:05:07.520> question
and I'll pay you a dollar per question
and I'll pay you a dollar per question
people<00:05:08.639> did<00:05:08.919> this<00:05:09.160> I<00:05:09.240> would<00:05:09.400> pay<00:05:09.600> people<00:05:09.720> $4
people did this I would pay people $4
people did this I would pay people $4
for<00:05:10.919> their<00:05:11.160> task<00:05:11.479> on<00:05:11.639> average<00:05:11.919> people<00:05:12.080> would
for their task on average people would
for their task on average people would
solve<00:05:12.479> four
solve four
solve four
problems<00:05:14.400> other<00:05:14.680> people<00:05:14.919> I<00:05:15.000> would<00:05:15.199> tempt<00:05:15.560> to
problems other people I would tempt to
problems other people I would tempt to
cheat<00:05:16.680> I<00:05:16.759> would<00:05:17.000> pass<00:05:17.240> the<00:05:17.360> sheet<00:05:17.600> of<00:05:17.800> paper
cheat I would pass the sheet of paper
cheat I would pass the sheet of paper
when<00:05:18.680> the<00:05:18.880> 5<00:05:19.039> minutes<00:05:19.280> are<00:05:19.440> over<00:05:19.680> I<00:05:19.759> would<00:05:19.919> say
when the 5 minutes are over I would say
when the 5 minutes are over I would say
please<00:05:20.360> Shred<00:05:20.720> the<00:05:20.840> piece<00:05:21.039> of<00:05:21.240> paper<00:05:21.919> put<00:05:22.080> the
please Shred the piece of paper put the
please Shred the piece of paper put the
little<00:05:22.560> pieces<00:05:22.880> in<00:05:23.000> your<00:05:23.160> pocket<00:05:23.400> or<00:05:23.520> in<00:05:23.600> your
little pieces in your pocket or in your
little pieces in your pocket or in your
backpack<00:05:24.479> and<00:05:24.680> tell<00:05:24.880> me<00:05:25.080> how<00:05:25.199> many<00:05:25.479> questions
backpack and tell me how many questions
backpack and tell me how many questions
you<00:05:25.960> got
you got
you got
correctly<00:05:28.039> people<00:05:28.319> now<00:05:28.520> solve<00:05:28.880> seven
correctly people now solve seven
correctly people now solve seven
questions<00:05:30.080> on
questions on
questions on
average<00:05:32.400> now<00:05:32.639> it<00:05:32.880> wasn't<00:05:33.360> as<00:05:33.560> if<00:05:34.280> there<00:05:34.400> was<00:05:34.560> a
average now it wasn't as if there was a
average now it wasn't as if there was a
few<00:05:34.960> bad<00:05:35.160> apples<00:05:35.759> a<00:05:35.880> few<00:05:36.080> people<00:05:36.280> who<00:05:36.400> cheated
few bad apples a few people who cheated
few bad apples a few people who cheated
a<00:05:36.880> lot<00:05:37.600> instead<00:05:38.080> what<00:05:38.199> we<00:05:38.360> saw<00:05:38.880> is<00:05:39.039> a<00:05:39.199> lot<00:05:39.360> of
a lot instead what we saw is a lot of
a lot instead what we saw is a lot of
people<00:05:39.759> who<00:05:39.880> cheat<00:05:40.199> a<00:05:40.319> little
people who cheat a little
people who cheat a little
bit<00:05:42.199> now<00:05:42.600> in<00:05:42.759> the<00:05:42.919> economic<00:05:43.600> theory<00:05:44.400> cheating
bit now in the economic theory cheating
bit now in the economic theory cheating
is<00:05:44.919> a<00:05:45.120> very<00:05:45.319> simple<00:05:45.720> cost<00:05:46.000> benefit<00:05:46.479> analysis
is a very simple cost benefit analysis
is a very simple cost benefit analysis
you<00:05:47.560> say<00:05:48.080> what's<00:05:48.280> the<00:05:48.400> probability<00:05:48.840> of<00:05:48.960> being
you say what's the probability of being
you say what's the probability of being
caught<00:05:50.160> how<00:05:50.280> much<00:05:50.440> do<00:05:50.560> I<00:05:50.680> stand<00:05:50.960> to<00:05:51.120> gain<00:05:51.319> from
caught how much do I stand to gain from
caught how much do I stand to gain from
cheating<00:05:51.960> and<00:05:52.080> how<00:05:52.199> much<00:05:52.400> punishment<00:05:52.880> would<00:05:53.039> I
cheating and how much punishment would I
cheating and how much punishment would I
get<00:05:53.360> if<00:05:53.479> I<00:05:53.680> get<00:05:53.880> caught<00:05:54.400> and<00:05:54.520> you<00:05:54.639> weigh<00:05:54.960> these
get if I get caught and you weigh these
get if I get caught and you weigh these
options<00:05:55.520> out<00:05:55.720> you<00:05:55.840> do<00:05:56.000> the<00:05:56.120> simple<00:05:56.400> cost
options out you do the simple cost
options out you do the simple cost
benefit<00:05:57.039> analysis<00:05:57.440> and<00:05:57.560> you<00:05:57.720> decide<00:05:58.080> whether
benefit analysis and you decide whether
benefit analysis and you decide whether
it's<00:05:58.440> worthwhile<00:05:58.880> to<00:05:59.000> commit<00:05:59.280> the<00:05:59.400> crime
it's worthwhile to commit the crime
it's worthwhile to commit the crime
or<00:06:00.479> not<00:06:01.479> so<00:06:01.600> we<00:06:01.759> tried<00:06:02.000> to<00:06:02.199> test<00:06:02.560> this<00:06:03.319> for<00:06:03.560> some
or not so we tried to test this for some
or not so we tried to test this for some
people<00:06:04.080> we<00:06:04.440> varied<00:06:05.000> how<00:06:05.160> much<00:06:05.360> money<00:06:05.639> they
people we varied how much money they
people we varied how much money they
could<00:06:06.199> get<00:06:06.400> away<00:06:06.680> with<00:06:06.840> how<00:06:06.919> much<00:06:07.039> money<00:06:07.280> they
could get away with how much money they
could get away with how much money they
could<00:06:07.599> steal<00:06:08.400> we<00:06:08.560> paid<00:06:08.800> them<00:06:09.039> 10<00:06:09.280> cents<00:06:09.560> per
could steal we paid them 10 cents per
could steal we paid them 10 cents per
correct<00:06:10.120> question<00:06:10.840> 50<00:06:11.199> cents<00:06:11.479> a<00:06:11.680> dollar<00:06:11.919> $5
correct question 50 cents a dollar $5
correct question 50 cents a dollar $5
$10<00:06:13.000> per<00:06:13.160> correct<00:06:13.919> question<00:06:14.919> you<00:06:15.039> would
$10 per correct question you would
$10 per correct question you would
expect<00:06:15.639> that<00:06:15.880> as<00:06:16.080> the<00:06:16.240> amount<00:06:16.440> of<00:06:16.599> money<00:06:16.840> on
expect that as the amount of money on
expect that as the amount of money on
the<00:06:17.360> on<00:06:17.479> the<00:06:17.639> table<00:06:18.039> increases<00:06:18.599> people<00:06:18.800> would
the on the table increases people would
the on the table increases people would
cheat<00:06:19.199> more<00:06:19.479> but<00:06:19.599> in<00:06:19.759> fact<00:06:19.960> it<00:06:20.080> wasn't<00:06:20.360> the
cheat more but in fact it wasn't the
cheat more but in fact it wasn't the
case<00:06:21.120> we<00:06:21.240> got<00:06:21.440> a<00:06:21.560> lot<00:06:21.720> of<00:06:21.840> people<00:06:22.039> cheating<00:06:22.639> but
case we got a lot of people cheating but
case we got a lot of people cheating but
still<00:06:23.080> buy<00:06:23.240> a<00:06:23.319> little<00:06:23.599> bit<00:06:24.599> what<00:06:24.759> about<00:06:24.960> the
still buy a little bit what about the
still buy a little bit what about the
probability<00:06:25.599> of<00:06:25.720> being<00:06:26.000> caught<00:06:27.000> some<00:06:27.160> people
probability of being caught some people
probability of being caught some people
shreded<00:06:27.880> half<00:06:28.039> the<00:06:28.160> sheet<00:06:28.360> of<00:06:28.479> paper<00:06:28.759> so<00:06:28.880> there
shreded half the sheet of paper so there
shreded half the sheet of paper so there
was<00:06:29.080> some<00:06:29.240> evidence<00:06:29.720> left<00:06:30.280> some<00:06:30.440> people
was some evidence left some people
was some evidence left some people
shredded<00:06:31.000> a<00:06:31.120> whole<00:06:31.280> sheet<00:06:31.520> of<00:06:31.720> paper<00:06:32.520> some
shredded a whole sheet of paper some
shredded a whole sheet of paper some
people<00:06:32.919> shredded<00:06:33.479> everything<00:06:34.080> went<00:06:34.319> out<00:06:34.479> of
people shredded everything went out of
people shredded everything went out of
the<00:06:34.800> room<00:06:35.000> and<00:06:35.160> paid<00:06:35.400> them<00:06:35.800> from<00:06:35.960> a<00:06:36.039> bowl<00:06:36.240> of
the room and paid them from a bowl of
the room and paid them from a bowl of
money<00:06:36.599> that<00:06:36.759> had<00:06:36.880> over<00:06:37.400> $100<00:06:38.400> you<00:06:38.520> would
money that had over $100 you would
money that had over $100 you would
expect<00:06:39.120> it<00:06:39.280> as<00:06:39.400> the<00:06:39.520> probability<00:06:39.960> of<00:06:40.080> being
expect it as the probability of being
expect it as the probability of being
caught<00:06:40.560> goes<00:06:40.759> down<00:06:41.039> people<00:06:41.240> would<00:06:41.400> cheat<00:06:41.720> more
caught goes down people would cheat more
caught goes down people would cheat more
but<00:06:42.479> again<00:06:42.720> this<00:06:42.880> was<00:06:43.080> not<00:06:43.360> the<00:06:43.560> case<00:06:44.360> again<00:06:44.599> a
but again this was not the case again a
but again this was not the case again a
lot<00:06:44.840> of<00:06:44.960> people<00:06:45.120> cheated<00:06:45.560> by<00:06:45.759> just<00:06:46.000> by<00:06:46.120> a
lot of people cheated by just by a
lot of people cheated by just by a
little<00:06:46.440> bit<00:06:46.800> and<00:06:46.919> they<00:06:47.000> were<00:06:47.240> unsensitive<00:06:47.919> to
little bit and they were unsensitive to
little bit and they were unsensitive to
these<00:06:48.280> economic
these economic
these economic
incentives<00:06:50.479> so<00:06:50.639> we<00:06:50.759> said<00:06:50.919> if<00:06:51.039> people<00:06:51.240> are<00:06:51.400> not
incentives so we said if people are not
incentives so we said if people are not
sensitive<00:06:52.039> to<00:06:52.160> the<00:06:52.319> economic<00:06:52.800> rational
sensitive to the economic rational
sensitive to the economic rational
Theory<00:06:54.080> explanations<00:06:54.919> to<00:06:55.240> the<00:06:55.440> these<00:06:55.960> forces
Theory explanations to the these forces
Theory explanations to the these forces
what<00:06:57.080> could<00:06:57.240> be<00:06:57.440> going<00:06:57.720> on<00:06:58.639> and<00:06:58.759> we<00:06:58.879> thought
what could be going on and we thought
what could be going on and we thought
maybe<00:06:59.319> what<00:06:59.599> is<00:06:59.759> happening<00:07:00.120> is<00:07:00.240> that<00:07:00.360> there
maybe what is happening is that there
maybe what is happening is that there
are<00:07:00.599> two<00:07:00.800> forces<00:07:01.800> at<00:07:01.960> one<00:07:02.160> hand<00:07:02.360> we<00:07:02.520> all<00:07:02.680> want
are two forces at one hand we all want
are two forces at one hand we all want
to<00:07:03.000> look<00:07:03.160> at<00:07:03.319> ourselves<00:07:03.599> in<00:07:03.720> the<00:07:03.840> mirror<00:07:04.080> and
to look at ourselves in the mirror and
to look at ourselves in the mirror and
feel<00:07:04.400> good<00:07:04.560> about<00:07:04.759> ourselves<00:07:05.520> so<00:07:05.680> we<00:07:05.800> don't
feel good about ourselves so we don't
feel good about ourselves so we don't
want<00:07:06.039> to<00:07:06.199> cheat<00:07:06.759> and<00:07:06.919> the<00:07:07.039> other<00:07:07.240> hand<00:07:07.400> we
want to cheat and the other hand we
want to cheat and the other hand we
could<00:07:07.680> cheat<00:07:07.919> a<00:07:08.080> little<00:07:08.360> bit<00:07:08.759> and<00:07:08.919> still<00:07:09.120> feel
could cheat a little bit and still feel
could cheat a little bit and still feel
good<00:07:09.599> about<00:07:09.800> ourselves<00:07:10.800> so<00:07:11.000> maybe<00:07:11.280> what<00:07:11.400> is
good about ourselves so maybe what is
good about ourselves so maybe what is
happening<00:07:12.280> is<00:07:12.400> that<00:07:12.560> there's<00:07:12.720> a<00:07:12.840> level<00:07:13.039> of
happening is that there's a level of
happening is that there's a level of
cheating<00:07:13.520> we<00:07:13.639> can't<00:07:13.919> go<00:07:14.080> over<00:07:14.759> but<00:07:14.919> we<00:07:15.000> can
cheating we can't go over but we can
cheating we can't go over but we can
still<00:07:15.560> benefit<00:07:15.919> from<00:07:16.160> cheating<00:07:17.160> at<00:07:17.400> at<00:07:17.520> a<00:07:17.639> low
still benefit from cheating at at a low
still benefit from cheating at at a low
degree<00:07:18.319> as<00:07:18.479> long<00:07:18.639> as<00:07:18.759> it<00:07:18.919> doesn't<00:07:19.199> change<00:07:19.440> our
degree as long as it doesn't change our
degree as long as it doesn't change our
Impressions<00:07:20.280> about<00:07:20.560> ourselves<00:07:21.560> we<00:07:21.720> call<00:07:21.919> this
Impressions about ourselves we call this
Impressions about ourselves we call this
like<00:07:22.199> a<00:07:22.360> personal<00:07:22.720> fudge
like a personal fudge
like a personal fudge
Factor<00:07:25.599> now<00:07:25.840> how<00:07:26.000> would<00:07:26.120> you<00:07:26.360> test<00:07:27.360> a<00:07:27.520> personal
Factor now how would you test a personal
Factor now how would you test a personal
fudge<00:07:28.319> Factor<00:07:29.160> initially<00:07:29.720> we<00:07:29.840> said<00:07:30.080> what<00:07:30.199> can
fudge Factor initially we said what can
fudge Factor initially we said what can
we<00:07:30.520> do<00:07:30.680> to<00:07:30.879> shrink<00:07:31.360> the<00:07:31.479> fudge<00:07:32.080> Factor<00:07:33.080> so<00:07:33.240> we
we do to shrink the fudge Factor so we
we do to shrink the fudge Factor so we
got<00:07:33.560> people<00:07:33.720> to<00:07:33.879> the<00:07:34.039> lab<00:07:34.280> and<00:07:34.360> we<00:07:34.479> said<00:07:34.639> we
got people to the lab and we said we
got people to the lab and we said we
have<00:07:34.919> two<00:07:35.120> tasks<00:07:35.440> for<00:07:35.599> you<00:07:35.759> today<00:07:36.759> first<00:07:37.039> we
have two tasks for you today first we
have two tasks for you today first we
asked<00:07:37.479> half<00:07:37.720> the<00:07:37.840> people<00:07:38.080> to<00:07:38.280> recall<00:07:39.199> other<00:07:39.560> 10
asked half the people to recall other 10
asked half the people to recall other 10
books<00:07:39.919> they<00:07:40.080> read<00:07:40.240> in<00:07:40.400> high<00:07:40.560> school<00:07:41.080> or<00:07:41.240> to
books they read in high school or to
books they read in high school or to
recall<00:07:41.720> the<00:07:41.840> Ten<00:07:42.120> Commandments<00:07:43.120> and<00:07:43.280> then<00:07:43.400> we
recall the Ten Commandments and then we
recall the Ten Commandments and then we
tempted<00:07:43.919> them<00:07:44.080> with<00:07:44.199> cheating<00:07:45.159> turns<00:07:45.599> out<00:07:46.039> the
tempted them with cheating turns out the
tempted them with cheating turns out the
people<00:07:46.400> who<00:07:46.680> tried<00:07:46.960> to<00:07:47.120> recall<00:07:47.440> the<00:07:47.520> Ten
people who tried to recall the Ten
people who tried to recall the Ten
Commandments<00:07:48.240> and<00:07:48.360> in<00:07:48.479> our<00:07:48.639> sample<00:07:49.000> nobody
Commandments and in our sample nobody
Commandments and in our sample nobody
could<00:07:49.479> recall<00:07:49.800> the<00:07:49.879> Ten
could recall the Ten
could recall the Ten
Commandments<00:07:52.479> but<00:07:52.680> those<00:07:52.879> people<00:07:53.080> who<00:07:53.240> tried
Commandments but those people who tried
Commandments but those people who tried
to<00:07:53.680> recall<00:07:53.919> the<00:07:54.039> Ten<00:07:54.240> Commandments<00:07:54.759> given<00:07:55.039> the
to recall the Ten Commandments given the
to recall the Ten Commandments given the
opportunity<00:07:55.599> to<00:07:55.720> cheat<00:07:56.000> did<00:07:56.159> not<00:07:56.319> cheat<00:07:56.639> at
opportunity to cheat did not cheat at
opportunity to cheat did not cheat at
all<00:07:58.000> it<00:07:58.159> wasn't<00:07:58.440> that<00:07:58.560> the<00:07:58.680> more<00:07:58.840> religious
all it wasn't that the more religious
all it wasn't that the more religious
people<00:07:59.720> the<00:07:59.800> people<00:07:59.960> who<00:08:00.120> remembered<00:08:00.520> more<00:08:00.680> of
people the people who remembered more of
people the people who remembered more of
the<00:08:00.919> Commandment<00:08:01.319> cheated<00:08:01.720> less<00:08:02.039> and<00:08:02.159> the
the Commandment cheated less and the
the Commandment cheated less and the
less<00:08:02.520> religious<00:08:02.960> people<00:08:03.199> the<00:08:03.319> people<00:08:03.479> who
less religious people the people who
less religious people the people who
couldn't<00:08:03.800> remember<00:08:04.120> almost<00:08:04.360> any<00:08:04.560> commandment
couldn't remember almost any commandment
couldn't remember almost any commandment
cheated<00:08:05.319> more<00:08:06.280> the<00:08:06.400> moment<00:08:06.800> people<00:08:07.080> thought
cheated more the moment people thought
cheated more the moment people thought
about<00:08:07.720> trying<00:08:08.080> to<00:08:08.599> recall<00:08:09.000> the<00:08:09.120> Ten
about trying to recall the Ten
about trying to recall the Ten
Commandments<00:08:09.840> they<00:08:09.960> stopped<00:08:10.240> cheating<00:08:10.960> in
Commandments they stopped cheating in
Commandments they stopped cheating in
fact<00:08:11.680> even<00:08:11.919> when<00:08:12.039> we<00:08:12.199> give<00:08:12.400> self-<00:08:12.720> declared
fact even when we give self- declared
fact even when we give self- declared
atheist<00:08:13.720> the<00:08:13.879> task<00:08:14.159> of<00:08:14.319> swearing<00:08:14.720> on<00:08:14.879> the
atheist the task of swearing on the
atheist the task of swearing on the
Bible<00:08:15.319> and<00:08:15.479> we<00:08:15.599> give<00:08:15.720> them<00:08:15.840> a<00:08:16.000> chance<00:08:16.440> to<00:08:16.639> cheat
Bible and we give them a chance to cheat
Bible and we give them a chance to cheat
they<00:08:17.319> don't<00:08:17.520> cheat<00:08:17.759> at
all<00:08:21.159> now<00:08:21.680> Ten<00:08:21.960> Commandments<00:08:22.400> is<00:08:22.479> something
all now Ten Commandments is something
all now Ten Commandments is something
that<00:08:22.800> is<00:08:22.960> hard<00:08:23.120> to<00:08:23.240> bring<00:08:23.520> into<00:08:23.720> the<00:08:23.840> education
that is hard to bring into the education
that is hard to bring into the education
system<00:08:24.680> so<00:08:24.840> we<00:08:24.919> said<00:08:25.159> why<00:08:25.280> don't<00:08:25.440> we<00:08:25.639> get
system so we said why don't we get
system so we said why don't we get
people<00:08:26.080> to<00:08:26.199> sign<00:08:26.440> the<00:08:26.560> honor<00:08:26.919> code<00:08:27.680> so<00:08:27.840> we<00:08:27.960> got
people to sign the honor code so we got
people to sign the honor code so we got
people<00:08:28.360> to<00:08:28.520> sign<00:08:28.919> I<00:08:29.319> understand<00:08:29.720> that<00:08:29.840> this
people to sign I understand that this
people to sign I understand that this
short<00:08:30.599> survey<00:08:30.960> falls<00:08:31.280> under<00:08:31.479> the<00:08:31.560> MIT<00:08:31.919> Honor
short survey falls under the MIT Honor
short survey falls under the MIT Honor
Code<00:08:32.839> then<00:08:33.039> they<00:08:33.200> shredded<00:08:33.640> it<00:08:34.360> no<00:08:34.560> cheating
Code then they shredded it no cheating
Code then they shredded it no cheating
whatsoever<00:08:36.360> and<00:08:36.479> this<00:08:36.599> is<00:08:36.719> particularly
whatsoever and this is particularly
whatsoever and this is particularly
interesting<00:08:37.519> because<00:08:37.719> MIT<00:08:38.120> doesn't<00:08:38.360> have<00:08:38.479> an
interesting because MIT doesn't have an
interesting because MIT doesn't have an
onor
code<00:08:44.800> so<00:08:45.040> all<00:08:45.240> this<00:08:45.480> was<00:08:45.680> about<00:08:46.040> decreasing
code so all this was about decreasing
code so all this was about decreasing
the<00:08:46.839> fudge<00:08:47.519> Factor<00:08:48.519> what<00:08:48.680> about<00:08:48.959> increasing
the fudge Factor what about increasing
the fudge Factor what about increasing
the<00:08:49.600> fudge<00:08:50.080> Factor<00:08:51.080> the<00:08:51.200> first<00:08:51.480> experiment<00:08:51.880> I
the fudge Factor the first experiment I
the fudge Factor the first experiment I
walked<00:08:52.200> around<00:08:52.440> MIT<00:08:52.839> and<00:08:52.959> I<00:08:53.080> distributed<00:08:53.680> six
walked around MIT and I distributed six
walked around MIT and I distributed six
packs<00:08:54.160> of<00:08:54.360> Cokes<00:08:54.760> in<00:08:54.880> the<00:08:55.120> refrigerators
packs of Cokes in the refrigerators
packs of Cokes in the refrigerators
these<00:08:56.040> were<00:08:56.240> common<00:08:56.519> refrigerators<00:08:57.200> for<00:08:57.360> the
these were common refrigerators for the
these were common refrigerators for the
undergrads<00:08:58.480> and<00:08:58.600> I<00:08:58.760> came<00:08:59.040> back<00:08:59.200> to<00:08:59.440> to<00:08:59.519> measure
undergrads and I came back to to measure
undergrads and I came back to to measure
what<00:08:59.920> we<00:09:00.120> technically<00:09:00.560> call<00:09:00.760> the<00:09:00.959> half
what we technically call the half
what we technically call the half
lifetime<00:09:01.680> of<00:09:01.839> coke<00:09:02.720> how<00:09:02.920> long<00:09:03.160> does<00:09:03.320> it<00:09:03.519> last
lifetime of coke how long does it last
lifetime of coke how long does it last
in<00:09:03.839> the<00:09:04.000> refrigerators<00:09:04.760> and<00:09:04.880> you<00:09:05.000> can<00:09:05.160> expect
in the refrigerators and you can expect
in the refrigerators and you can expect
it<00:09:05.640> doesn't<00:09:05.959> last<00:09:06.200> very<00:09:06.399> long<00:09:06.920> people<00:09:07.160> take<00:09:07.480> it
it doesn't last very long people take it
it doesn't last very long people take it
in<00:09:08.720> contrast<00:09:09.240> I<00:09:09.320> took<00:09:09.480> a<00:09:09.680> plate<00:09:10.000> with<00:09:10.200> six<00:09:10.399> $1
in contrast I took a plate with six $1
in contrast I took a plate with six $1
bills<00:09:11.600> and<00:09:11.720> I<00:09:11.839> left<00:09:12.160> those<00:09:12.519> plates<00:09:13.120> in<00:09:13.240> the
bills and I left those plates in the
bills and I left those plates in the
same<00:09:14.079> refrigerators<00:09:15.079> no<00:09:15.399> bill<00:09:15.640> was<00:09:15.800> ever
same refrigerators no bill was ever
same refrigerators no bill was ever
disappeared<00:09:16.720> now<00:09:16.880> this<00:09:17.000> is<00:09:17.160> not<00:09:17.360> a<00:09:17.519> good
disappeared now this is not a good
disappeared now this is not a good
social<00:09:18.360> science<00:09:18.720> experiment<00:09:19.680> so<00:09:19.880> to<00:09:20.000> do<00:09:20.160> it
social science experiment so to do it
social science experiment so to do it
better<00:09:21.519> I<00:09:21.640> did<00:09:21.800> the<00:09:21.920> same<00:09:22.160> experiment<00:09:22.640> as<00:09:22.760> I
better I did the same experiment as I
better I did the same experiment as I
described<00:09:23.240> to<00:09:23.279> you<00:09:23.480> before<00:09:24.120> a<00:09:24.279> third<00:09:24.560> of<00:09:24.680> the
described to you before a third of the
described to you before a third of the
people<00:09:25.000> we<00:09:25.200> passed<00:09:25.440> the<00:09:25.600> sheet<00:09:25.920> they<00:09:26.079> gave<00:09:26.200> it
people we passed the sheet they gave it
people we passed the sheet they gave it
back<00:09:26.519> to<00:09:26.720> us<00:09:27.279> a<00:09:27.399> third<00:09:27.640> of<00:09:27.760> the<00:09:27.880> people<00:09:28.079> we
back to us a third of the people we
back to us a third of the people we
passed<00:09:28.560> it<00:09:28.800> they<00:09:28.920> shredded<00:09:29.640> they<00:09:29.760> came<00:09:29.880> to<00:09:30.040> us
passed it they shredded they came to us
passed it they shredded they came to us
and<00:09:30.320> said<00:09:30.519> Mr<00:09:30.920> experimentor<00:09:31.920> I<00:09:32.040> solved<00:09:32.440> X
and said Mr experimentor I solved X
and said Mr experimentor I solved X
problems<00:09:33.279> give<00:09:33.440> me<00:09:33.600> xll<00:09:34.600> a<00:09:34.760> third<00:09:35.000> of<00:09:35.160> the
problems give me xll a third of the
problems give me xll a third of the
people<00:09:35.560> when<00:09:35.720> they<00:09:35.880> finished<00:09:36.240> writing<00:09:36.560> the
people when they finished writing the
people when they finished writing the
piece<00:09:36.880> of<00:09:37.079> paper<00:09:38.079> they<00:09:38.240> came<00:09:38.399> to<00:09:38.560> us<00:09:38.720> and<00:09:38.839> said
piece of paper they came to us and said
piece of paper they came to us and said
Mr<00:09:39.399> experiment<00:09:40.320> I<00:09:40.440> solved<00:09:40.920> X<00:09:41.440> problems<00:09:42.440> give
Mr experiment I solved X problems give
Mr experiment I solved X problems give
me<00:09:42.920> X<00:09:43.760> tokens<00:09:44.760> we<00:09:44.920> did<00:09:45.079> not<00:09:45.360> PID<00:09:45.560> them<00:09:45.720> with
me X tokens we did not PID them with
me X tokens we did not PID them with
dollars<00:09:46.320> we<00:09:46.440> paid<00:09:46.640> them<00:09:46.800> with<00:09:47.040> something<00:09:47.440> else
dollars we paid them with something else
dollars we paid them with something else
and<00:09:48.200> then<00:09:48.360> they<00:09:48.480> took<00:09:48.720> this<00:09:48.920> something<00:09:49.200> else
and then they took this something else
and then they took this something else
they<00:09:49.600> walked<00:09:49.880> 12T<00:09:50.399> to<00:09:50.519> the<00:09:50.760> side<00:09:51.279> and<00:09:51.480> exchang
they walked 12T to the side and exchang
they walked 12T to the side and exchang
it<00:09:52.079> for<00:09:52.560> dollars<00:09:53.560> think<00:09:53.760> about<00:09:53.959> the<00:09:54.079> following
it for dollars think about the following
it for dollars think about the following
intuition<00:09:55.360> how<00:09:55.640> bad<00:09:55.880> would<00:09:56.040> you<00:09:56.240> feel<00:09:56.600> about
intuition how bad would you feel about
intuition how bad would you feel about
taking<00:09:57.079> a<00:09:57.240> pencil<00:09:57.600> from<00:09:57.800> work<00:09:58.160> home<00:09:59.040> comp<00:09:59.360> comp
taking a pencil from work home comp comp
taking a pencil from work home comp comp
to<00:09:59.720> how<00:09:59.880> bad<00:10:00.040> would<00:10:00.160> you<00:10:00.279> feel<00:10:00.480> about<00:10:00.680> taking
to how bad would you feel about taking
to how bad would you feel about taking
10<00:10:01.200> cents<00:10:01.480> from<00:10:01.600> a<00:10:01.760> petty<00:10:02.079> cash<00:10:02.320> box<00:10:03.240> these
10 cents from a petty cash box these
10 cents from a petty cash box these
things<00:10:03.720> feel<00:10:04.079> very<00:10:04.320> differently<00:10:05.160> with<00:10:05.399> being
things feel very differently with being
things feel very differently with being
a<00:10:05.839> step<00:10:06.160> removed<00:10:06.519> from<00:10:06.839> cash<00:10:07.399> for<00:10:07.560> a<00:10:07.720> few
a step removed from cash for a few
a step removed from cash for a few
seconds<00:10:08.600> by<00:10:08.760> being<00:10:09.000> paid<00:10:09.240> by<00:10:09.440> token<00:10:09.760> make<00:10:09.880> a
seconds by being paid by token make a
seconds by being paid by token make a
difference<00:10:10.800> our<00:10:11.120> subjects<00:10:11.640> double<00:10:12.000> their
difference our subjects double their
difference our subjects double their
cheating<00:10:14.279> I'll<00:10:14.440> tell<00:10:14.600> you<00:10:14.720> what<00:10:14.839> I<00:10:14.920> think
cheating I'll tell you what I think
cheating I'll tell you what I think
about<00:10:15.279> this<00:10:15.440> in<00:10:15.519> the<00:10:15.640> stock<00:10:15.839> market<00:10:16.120> in<00:10:16.200> a
about this in the stock market in a
about this in the stock market in a
minute<00:10:18.600> but<00:10:18.760> this<00:10:18.920> did<00:10:19.120> not<00:10:19.360> solve<00:10:19.800> the<00:10:20.120> the
minute but this did not solve the the
minute but this did not solve the the
big<00:10:20.519> problem<00:10:20.800> I<00:10:20.959> had<00:10:21.120> with<00:10:21.240> Enron<00:10:21.760> yet<00:10:22.000> because
big problem I had with Enron yet because
big problem I had with Enron yet because
in<00:10:22.360> Enron<00:10:22.760> there's<00:10:22.959> also<00:10:23.160> a<00:10:23.399> social<00:10:23.839> element
in Enron there's also a social element
in Enron there's also a social element
people<00:10:24.880> see<00:10:25.160> each<00:10:25.279> other<00:10:25.600> behaving<00:10:26.079> in<00:10:26.240> fact
people see each other behaving in fact
people see each other behaving in fact
every<00:10:26.680> day<00:10:26.839> when<00:10:26.959> we<00:10:27.120> open<00:10:27.399> the<00:10:27.519> news<00:10:28.279> we<00:10:28.440> see
every day when we open the news we see
every day when we open the news we see
example<00:10:29.320> examples<00:10:29.600> of<00:10:29.760> people<00:10:30.000> cheating<00:10:30.680> what
example examples of people cheating what
example examples of people cheating what
does<00:10:31.079> this<00:10:31.320> causes<00:10:31.760> us<00:10:32.720> so<00:10:32.880> we<00:10:33.000> did<00:10:33.200> another
does this causes us so we did another
does this causes us so we did another
experiment<00:10:34.000> we<00:10:34.120> got<00:10:34.240> a<00:10:34.360> big<00:10:34.560> group<00:10:34.760> of
experiment we got a big group of
experiment we got a big group of
students<00:10:35.320> to<00:10:35.920> be<00:10:36.079> in<00:10:36.160> the<00:10:36.320> experiment<00:10:37.240> and<00:10:37.399> we
students to be in the experiment and we
students to be in the experiment and we
prepaid<00:10:38.120> them<00:10:38.399> so<00:10:38.560> everybody<00:10:38.920> got<00:10:39.079> an
prepaid them so everybody got an
prepaid them so everybody got an
envelope<00:10:39.760> with<00:10:39.880> all<00:10:40.000> the<00:10:40.120> money<00:10:40.320> for<00:10:40.480> the
envelope with all the money for the
envelope with all the money for the
experiment<00:10:41.560> and<00:10:41.639> we<00:10:41.760> told<00:10:41.959> them<00:10:42.240> at<00:10:42.360> the<00:10:42.480> end
experiment and we told them at the end
experiment and we told them at the end
we<00:10:43.120> asked<00:10:43.360> them<00:10:43.480> to<00:10:43.680> pay<00:10:43.880> us<00:10:44.120> back<00:10:44.399> the<00:10:44.519> money
we asked them to pay us back the money
we asked them to pay us back the money
they<00:10:44.920> didn't<00:10:45.839> make<00:10:46.839> okay<00:10:47.560> the<00:10:47.680> same<00:10:47.880> thing
they didn't make okay the same thing
they didn't make okay the same thing
happens<00:10:48.360> when<00:10:48.480> we<00:10:48.600> give<00:10:48.760> people<00:10:48.959> the
happens when we give people the
happens when we give people the
opportunity<00:10:49.480> to<00:10:49.600> cheat<00:10:49.880> they<00:10:49.959> cheat<00:10:50.240> they
opportunity to cheat they cheat they
opportunity to cheat they cheat they
cheat<00:10:50.600> just<00:10:50.760> by<00:10:50.880> a<00:10:50.959> little<00:10:51.160> bit<00:10:51.760> all<00:10:51.959> the<00:10:52.120> same
cheat just by a little bit all the same
cheat just by a little bit all the same
but<00:10:53.079> in<00:10:53.279> this<00:10:53.480> experiment<00:10:53.959> we<00:10:54.120> also<00:10:54.440> hired<00:10:54.760> an
but in this experiment we also hired an
but in this experiment we also hired an
acting<00:10:55.760> student<00:10:56.760> this<00:10:57.000> acting<00:10:57.360> student<00:10:57.760> stood
acting student this acting student stood
acting student this acting student stood
up<00:10:58.720> after<00:10:58.959> 30<00:10:59.519> seconds<00:11:00.200> and<00:11:00.399> said<00:11:00.760> I<00:11:00.959> solved
up after 30 seconds and said I solved
up after 30 seconds and said I solved
everything<00:11:02.360> what<00:11:02.480> do<00:11:02.600> I<00:11:02.760> do<00:11:03.480> now<00:11:04.480> and<00:11:04.600> the
everything what do I do now and the
everything what do I do now and the
experiment<00:11:05.200> said<00:11:05.360> if<00:11:05.440> you<00:11:05.600> finished
experiment said if you finished
experiment said if you finished
everything<00:11:06.800> go<00:11:07.040> home<00:11:07.519> that's<00:11:07.680> it<00:11:07.920> the<00:11:08.079> task<00:11:08.320> is
everything go home that's it the task is
everything go home that's it the task is
finished<00:11:09.120> so<00:11:09.360> now<00:11:09.519> we<00:11:09.680> had<00:11:09.800> a<00:11:10.040> student<00:11:10.519> an
finished so now we had a student an
finished so now we had a student an
acting<00:11:11.079> student<00:11:11.920> that<00:11:12.079> was<00:11:12.360> a<00:11:12.600> part<00:11:12.839> of<00:11:13.000> the
acting student that was a part of the
acting student that was a part of the
group<00:11:13.440> nobody<00:11:13.720> knew<00:11:13.959> there<00:11:14.079> was<00:11:14.519> it<00:11:14.639> was<00:11:14.760> an
group nobody knew there was it was an
group nobody knew there was it was an
actor<00:11:16.079> and<00:11:16.279> they<00:11:16.959> clearly<00:11:17.440> cheated<00:11:17.920> in<00:11:18.040> a<00:11:18.360> very
actor and they clearly cheated in a very
actor and they clearly cheated in a very
very<00:11:18.920> serious<00:11:19.399> way<00:11:20.279> what<00:11:20.399> would<00:11:20.639> happen<00:11:20.880> to
very serious way what would happen to
very serious way what would happen to
the<00:11:21.200> other<00:11:21.440> people<00:11:21.639> in<00:11:21.760> the<00:11:21.920> group<00:11:22.560> will<00:11:22.760> they
the other people in the group will they
the other people in the group will they
cheat<00:11:23.279> more<00:11:23.920> or<00:11:24.079> will<00:11:24.200> they<00:11:24.360> cheat
cheat more or will they cheat
cheat more or will they cheat
less<00:11:27.240> here<00:11:27.399> is<00:11:27.600> what<00:11:27.760> happens<00:11:28.560> it<00:11:28.720> turns<00:11:29.040> out
less here is what happens it turns out
less here is what happens it turns out
it<00:11:29.519> depends<00:11:29.800> on<00:11:30.040> what<00:11:30.160> kind<00:11:30.279> of<00:11:30.440> sweatshirt
it depends on what kind of sweatshirt
it depends on what kind of sweatshirt
they're
they're
they're
wearing<00:11:33.079> here's<00:11:33.360> the<00:11:33.480> thing<00:11:33.720> we<00:11:33.839> ran<00:11:34.120> this<00:11:34.279> at
wearing here's the thing we ran this at
wearing here's the thing we ran this at
Carie<00:11:35.360> melon<00:11:35.639> in<00:11:35.800> Pittsburgh<00:11:36.800> and<00:11:36.920> in<00:11:37.040> car<00:11:37.800> at
Carie melon in Pittsburgh and in car at
Carie melon in Pittsburgh and in car at
Pittsburgh<00:11:38.320> there<00:11:38.399> are<00:11:38.480> two<00:11:38.639> big
Pittsburgh there are two big
Pittsburgh there are two big
universities<00:11:39.480> K<00:11:39.920> melon<00:11:40.160> and<00:11:40.240> University<00:11:40.639> of
universities K melon and University of
universities K melon and University of
Pittsburgh<00:11:42.000> all<00:11:42.160> of<00:11:42.320> the<00:11:42.519> subjects<00:11:42.880> sitting
Pittsburgh all of the subjects sitting
Pittsburgh all of the subjects sitting
in<00:11:43.240> the<00:11:43.440> experiment<00:11:44.279> were<00:11:44.519> kig<00:11:45.000> melan
in the experiment were kig melan
in the experiment were kig melan
students<00:11:46.360> when<00:11:46.560> the<00:11:46.800> actor<00:11:47.160> was<00:11:47.360> getting<00:11:47.680> up
students when the actor was getting up
students when the actor was getting up
was<00:11:48.160> a<00:11:48.320> Cony<00:11:48.839> melon<00:11:49.760> student<00:11:50.760> he<00:11:50.880> was<00:11:51.040> actually
was a Cony melon student he was actually
was a Cony melon student he was actually
a<00:11:51.360> con<00:11:51.639> melon<00:11:51.880> student<00:11:52.079> but<00:11:52.200> he<00:11:52.279> was<00:11:52.920> a<00:11:53.079> part<00:11:53.399> of
a con melon student but he was a part of
a con melon student but he was a part of
their<00:11:53.920> group<00:11:54.920> cheating<00:11:55.399> went<00:11:55.760> up<00:11:56.760> but<00:11:56.920> when<00:11:57.079> he
their group cheating went up but when he
their group cheating went up but when he
actually<00:11:57.519> had<00:11:57.680> the<00:11:57.800> University<00:11:58.240> of
actually had the University of
actually had the University of
Pittsburgh<00:11:58.959> swe
Pittsburgh swe
Pittsburgh swe
cheating<00:12:00.279> went
down<00:12:06.440> now<00:12:06.680> this<00:12:06.760> is<00:12:06.959> important<00:12:07.600> because
down now this is important because
down now this is important because
remember<00:12:08.279> when<00:12:08.399> the<00:12:08.519> moment<00:12:08.800> the<00:12:08.959> student
remember when the moment the student
remember when the moment the student
stood<00:12:09.600> up<00:12:10.120> it<00:12:10.279> made<00:12:10.480> it<00:12:10.680> clear<00:12:10.959> to<00:12:11.240> everybody
stood up it made it clear to everybody
stood up it made it clear to everybody
that<00:12:11.839> they<00:12:11.959> could<00:12:12.160> get<00:12:12.320> away<00:12:12.560> with<00:12:12.680> cheating
that they could get away with cheating
that they could get away with cheating
because<00:12:13.600> the<00:12:13.720> experiment<00:12:14.240> said<00:12:14.399> you<00:12:14.519> finished
because the experiment said you finished
because the experiment said you finished
everything<00:12:15.199> go<00:12:15.360> home<00:12:15.519> and<00:12:15.600> they<00:12:15.720> worked<00:12:15.959> with
everything go home and they worked with
everything go home and they worked with
the<00:12:16.160> money<00:12:16.800> so<00:12:17.000> it<00:12:17.160> wasn't<00:12:17.480> so<00:12:17.680> much<00:12:17.880> about<00:12:18.079> the
the money so it wasn't so much about the
the money so it wasn't so much about the
probability<00:12:18.680> of<00:12:18.839> being<00:12:19.079> caught<00:12:19.440> again<00:12:20.320> it<00:12:20.440> was
probability of being caught again it was
probability of being caught again it was
about<00:12:21.399> the<00:12:21.639> norms<00:12:22.160> for<00:12:22.399> cheating<00:12:23.399> if<00:12:23.600> somebody
about the norms for cheating if somebody
about the norms for cheating if somebody
from<00:12:24.120> our<00:12:24.320> in<00:12:24.600> group<00:12:24.839> cheats<00:12:25.360> and<00:12:25.480> we<00:12:25.600> see<00:12:25.800> them
from our in group cheats and we see them
from our in group cheats and we see them
cheating<00:12:26.560> we<00:12:26.639> feel<00:12:26.880> it's<00:12:27.040> more<00:12:27.279> appropriate
cheating we feel it's more appropriate
cheating we feel it's more appropriate
as<00:12:28.000> a<00:12:28.199> group<00:12:28.600> to<00:12:28.720> behave<00:12:29.040> this<00:12:29.240> this<00:12:29.399> way<00:12:29.880> but
as a group to behave this this way but
as a group to behave this this way but
if<00:12:30.160> it's<00:12:30.360> somebody<00:12:30.720> from<00:12:30.920> another<00:12:31.240> group
if it's somebody from another group
if it's somebody from another group
these<00:12:31.720> terrible<00:12:32.120> people<00:12:32.360> I<00:12:32.440> mean<00:12:32.600> not
these terrible people I mean not
these terrible people I mean not
terrible<00:12:33.160> in<00:12:33.279> the<00:12:33.519> the<00:12:33.720> this<00:12:33.880> but<00:12:34.000> somebody<00:12:34.320> we
terrible in the the this but somebody we
terrible in the the this but somebody we
don't<00:12:34.639> want<00:12:34.800> to<00:12:35.040> associate<00:12:35.519> ourself<00:12:36.040> with
don't want to associate ourself with
don't want to associate ourself with
from<00:12:36.639> another<00:12:36.839> University<00:12:37.519> another<00:12:37.800> group
from another University another group
from another University another group
all<00:12:38.519> of<00:12:38.639> a<00:12:38.720> sudden<00:12:38.959> people<00:12:39.320> awareness<00:12:39.880> of
all of a sudden people awareness of
all of a sudden people awareness of
honesty<00:12:40.480> goes<00:12:40.720> up<00:12:41.199> a<00:12:41.279> little<00:12:41.440> bit<00:12:41.560> like<00:12:41.720> the
honesty goes up a little bit like the
honesty goes up a little bit like the
Ten<00:12:42.000> Commandment<00:12:42.519> experiment<00:12:43.240> and<00:12:43.440> people
Ten Commandment experiment and people
Ten Commandment experiment and people
cheat<00:12:45.000> even<00:12:46.000> even<00:12:46.800> less<00:12:47.800> so<00:12:48.079> what<00:12:48.360> what<00:12:48.519> have
cheat even even less so what what have
cheat even even less so what what have
we<00:12:48.839> learned<00:12:49.680> from<00:12:49.920> this<00:12:50.120> about<00:12:50.639> cheating
we learned from this about cheating
we learned from this about cheating
we've<00:12:51.839> learned<00:12:52.120> that<00:12:52.560> a<00:12:52.720> lot<00:12:52.839> of<00:12:52.959> people<00:12:53.279> can
we've learned that a lot of people can
we've learned that a lot of people can
cheat<00:12:54.440> they<00:12:54.560> cheat<00:12:54.959> just<00:12:55.240> by<00:12:55.399> a<00:12:55.519> little<00:12:55.720> bit
cheat they cheat just by a little bit
cheat they cheat just by a little bit
when<00:12:56.800> we<00:12:57.000> remind<00:12:57.440> people<00:12:57.720> about<00:12:57.959> the<00:12:58.199> morality
when we remind people about the morality
when we remind people about the morality
they<00:12:59.600> cheat<00:13:00.040> less<00:13:01.040> when<00:13:01.199> we<00:13:01.440> get<00:13:01.920> bigger
they cheat less when we get bigger
they cheat less when we get bigger
distance<00:13:02.880> from
distance from
distance from
cheating<00:13:04.880> from<00:13:05.079> the<00:13:05.320> object<00:13:05.680> of<00:13:06.000> of<00:13:06.160> money<00:13:06.480> for
cheating from the object of of money for
cheating from the object of of money for
example<00:13:07.360> people<00:13:07.600> cheat<00:13:07.920> more<00:13:08.440> and<00:13:08.560> when<00:13:08.720> we
example people cheat more and when we
example people cheat more and when we
see<00:13:09.120> things<00:13:09.360> of<00:13:09.519> cheating<00:13:09.920> around<00:13:10.320> us
see things of cheating around us
see things of cheating around us
particularly<00:13:10.959> if<00:13:11.040> it's<00:13:11.160> a<00:13:11.279> part<00:13:11.440> of<00:13:11.519> our<00:13:11.680> in
particularly if it's a part of our in
particularly if it's a part of our in
group<00:13:12.399> cheating<00:13:12.800> goes<00:13:13.160> up<00:13:14.160> now<00:13:14.320> if<00:13:14.399> we<00:13:14.600> think
group cheating goes up now if we think
group cheating goes up now if we think
about<00:13:15.160> this<00:13:15.320> in<00:13:15.480> terms<00:13:15.720> of<00:13:15.920> the<00:13:16.079> stock<00:13:16.360> market
about this in terms of the stock market
about this in terms of the stock market
think<00:13:17.000> about<00:13:17.320> what<00:13:17.600> happens<00:13:18.600> what<00:13:18.760> happens<00:13:19.040> in
think about what happens what happens in
think about what happens what happens in
a<00:13:19.320> situation<00:13:19.800> when<00:13:19.920> you<00:13:20.079> create<00:13:20.480> something
a situation when you create something
a situation when you create something
where<00:13:21.519> you<00:13:21.720> pay<00:13:21.959> people<00:13:22.199> a<00:13:22.360> lot<00:13:22.519> of<00:13:22.720> money<00:13:23.160> to
where you pay people a lot of money to
where you pay people a lot of money to
see<00:13:23.560> reality<00:13:24.000> in<00:13:24.079> a<00:13:24.279> slightly<00:13:24.720> distorted<00:13:25.360> way
see reality in a slightly distorted way
see reality in a slightly distorted way
would<00:13:26.399> they<00:13:26.600> not<00:13:26.760> be<00:13:26.920> able<00:13:27.120> to<00:13:27.279> see<00:13:27.519> it<00:13:27.720> this
would they not be able to see it this
would they not be able to see it this
way<00:13:28.720> of<00:13:28.839> course<00:13:29.240> they<00:13:29.399> would<00:13:30.079> what<00:13:30.240> happens
way of course they would what happens
way of course they would what happens
when<00:13:30.680> you<00:13:30.800> do<00:13:31.079> other<00:13:31.320> things<00:13:31.639> like<00:13:31.760> you<00:13:31.959> remove
when you do other things like you remove
when you do other things like you remove
things<00:13:32.639> from<00:13:32.880> money<00:13:33.519> you<00:13:33.680> call<00:13:33.880> them<00:13:34.079> stock<00:13:34.360> or
things from money you call them stock or
things from money you call them stock or
stock<00:13:34.839> option<00:13:35.279> derivatives<00:13:36.000> mortgage<00:13:36.360> back
stock option derivatives mortgage back
stock option derivatives mortgage back
Securities<00:13:37.519> could<00:13:37.680> it<00:13:37.839> be<00:13:38.000> that<00:13:38.120> with<00:13:38.320> those
Securities could it be that with those
Securities could it be that with those
more<00:13:39.120> distant<00:13:39.639> things<00:13:40.000> it's<00:13:40.160> not<00:13:40.279> a<00:13:40.480> token<00:13:40.800> for
more distant things it's not a token for
more distant things it's not a token for
one<00:13:41.560> second<00:13:41.839> it's<00:13:42.000> something<00:13:42.240> that<00:13:42.360> is<00:13:42.560> many
one second it's something that is many
one second it's something that is many
steps<00:13:43.079> removed<00:13:43.440> from<00:13:43.600> money<00:13:43.959> for<00:13:44.240> much<00:13:44.399> longer
steps removed from money for much longer
steps removed from money for much longer
time<00:13:45.399> could<00:13:45.519> it<00:13:45.639> be<00:13:45.839> that<00:13:46.000> people<00:13:46.199> would<00:13:46.560> cheat
time could it be that people would cheat
time could it be that people would cheat
even<00:13:47.839> more<00:13:48.519> and<00:13:48.680> what<00:13:48.839> happened<00:13:49.120> to<00:13:49.240> the
even more and what happened to the
even more and what happened to the
social<00:13:49.880> environment<00:13:50.440> when<00:13:50.639> people<00:13:50.839> see<00:13:51.120> other
social environment when people see other
social environment when people see other
people<00:13:51.639> behave<00:13:52.480> around<00:13:52.880> them<00:13:53.519> I<00:13:53.639> think<00:13:53.839> all<00:13:54.000> of
people behave around them I think all of
people behave around them I think all of
those<00:13:54.440> forces<00:13:55.000> worked<00:13:55.320> in<00:13:55.440> a<00:13:55.639> very<00:13:55.880> bad<00:13:56.199> way<00:13:57.160> uh
those forces worked in a very bad way uh
those forces worked in a very bad way uh
in<00:13:57.600> the<00:13:57.759> stock<00:13:58.040> market<00:13:59.519> more<00:14:00.160> generally<00:14:01.160> I
in the stock market more generally I
in the stock market more generally I
want<00:14:01.399> to<00:14:01.560> tell<00:14:01.680> you<00:14:01.880> something<00:14:02.360> about
want to tell you something about
want to tell you something about
behavioral
behavioral
behavioral
economics<00:14:05.440> we<00:14:05.600> have<00:14:05.839> many<00:14:06.360> intuitions<00:14:07.360> in<00:14:07.480> our
economics we have many intuitions in our
economics we have many intuitions in our
life<00:14:09.079> and<00:14:09.240> the<00:14:09.440> point<00:14:09.759> is<00:14:10.040> that<00:14:10.199> many<00:14:10.399> of<00:14:10.519> these
life and the point is that many of these
life and the point is that many of these
intuitions<00:14:11.199> are<00:14:11.440> wrong<00:14:12.440> the<00:14:12.600> question<00:14:12.839> is<00:14:12.959> are
intuitions are wrong the question is are
intuitions are wrong the question is are
we<00:14:13.240> going<00:14:13.399> to<00:14:13.600> test<00:14:14.320> those<00:14:14.639> intuitions<00:14:15.639> we<00:14:15.720> can
we going to test those intuitions we can
we going to test those intuitions we can
think<00:14:16.079> about<00:14:16.279> how<00:14:16.399> we're<00:14:16.519> going<00:14:16.639> to<00:14:16.759> test<00:14:17.000> this
think about how we're going to test this
think about how we're going to test this
intuition<00:14:17.519> in<00:14:17.639> our<00:14:17.880> private<00:14:18.320> life<00:14:18.560> in<00:14:18.680> our
intuition in our private life in our
intuition in our private life in our
business<00:14:19.320> life<00:14:19.959> and<00:14:20.120> most<00:14:20.320> particularly<00:14:20.759> when
business life and most particularly when
business life and most particularly when
it<00:14:21.000> goes<00:14:21.199> to<00:14:21.440> policy<00:14:22.000> when<00:14:22.120> we<00:14:22.279> think<00:14:22.480> about
it goes to policy when we think about
it goes to policy when we think about
things<00:14:22.959> like<00:14:23.160> no<00:14:23.399> child<00:14:23.639> lefts<00:14:23.959> behind<00:14:24.720> when
things like no child lefts behind when
things like no child lefts behind when
you<00:14:25.000> create<00:14:25.320> new<00:14:25.560> stock<00:14:25.880> markets<00:14:26.600> when<00:14:26.720> you
you create new stock markets when you
you create new stock markets when you
create<00:14:27.199> other<00:14:27.880> policies<00:14:28.519> taxation
create other policies taxation
create other policies taxation
Healthcare<00:14:29.600> and<00:14:29.759> so<00:14:29.920> on<00:14:30.560> and<00:14:30.680> the<00:14:31.160> difficulty
Healthcare and so on and the difficulty
Healthcare and so on and the difficulty
of<00:14:31.600> testing<00:14:31.920> our<00:14:32.240> intuition<00:14:33.240> was<00:14:33.560> was<00:14:33.720> the<00:14:33.880> big
of testing our intuition was was the big
of testing our intuition was was the big
lesson<00:14:34.440> I<00:14:34.600> I<00:14:34.680> learned<00:14:34.959> when<00:14:35.079> I<00:14:35.199> went<00:14:35.440> back<00:14:35.600> to
lesson I I learned when I went back to
lesson I I learned when I went back to
the<00:14:35.880> nurses<00:14:36.480> to<00:14:36.720> talk<00:14:36.920> to<00:14:37.160> them<00:14:37.360> so<00:14:37.480> I<00:14:37.600> went
the nurses to talk to them so I went
the nurses to talk to them so I went
back<00:14:38.000> to<00:14:38.160> talk<00:14:38.320> to<00:14:38.480> them<00:14:38.600> and<00:14:38.720> tell<00:14:38.920> them<00:14:39.120> what
back to talk to them and tell them what
back to talk to them and tell them what
I<00:14:39.360> found<00:14:39.639> out<00:14:39.920> about<00:14:40.199> removing<00:14:41.079> bandages<00:14:42.079> and
I found out about removing bandages and
I found out about removing bandages and
I<00:14:42.279> learned<00:14:42.600> two<00:14:42.920> interesting<00:14:43.440> things<00:14:43.839> one<00:14:44.079> was
I learned two interesting things one was
I learned two interesting things one was
that<00:14:44.480> my<00:14:44.680> favorite<00:14:45.120> nurse<00:14:45.480> etti<00:14:46.440> H<00:14:46.560> told<00:14:46.759> me
that my favorite nurse etti H told me
that my favorite nurse etti H told me
that<00:14:47.040> I<00:14:47.160> did<00:14:47.360> not<00:14:47.600> take<00:14:47.920> her<00:14:48.199> pain<00:14:48.480> into
that I did not take her pain into
that I did not take her pain into
consideration<00:14:50.000> she<00:14:50.160> said<00:14:50.399> of<00:14:50.480> course<00:14:50.639> you
consideration she said of course you
consideration she said of course you
know<00:14:50.880> it<00:14:50.959> was<00:14:51.120> very<00:14:51.279> painful<00:14:51.600> for<00:14:51.800> you<00:14:51.959> but
know it was very painful for you but
know it was very painful for you but
think<00:14:52.279> about<00:14:52.480> me<00:14:52.639> as<00:14:52.759> a<00:14:52.880> nurse<00:14:53.720> taking
think about me as a nurse taking
think about me as a nurse taking
removing<00:14:54.600> the<00:14:54.759> bandages<00:14:55.199> of<00:14:55.399> somebody<00:14:55.759> I
removing the bandages of somebody I
removing the bandages of somebody I
liked<00:14:56.279> and<00:14:56.440> had<00:14:56.560> to<00:14:56.680> do<00:14:56.839> it<00:14:57.079> repeatedly<00:14:57.600> over<00:14:57.839> a
liked and had to do it repeatedly over a
liked and had to do it repeatedly over a
long<00:14:58.120> period<00:14:58.399> of<00:14:58.600> time<00:14:59.199> creating<00:14:59.600> so<00:14:59.759> much
long period of time creating so much
long period of time creating so much
torture<00:15:00.399> was<00:15:00.600> not<00:15:00.839> something<00:15:01.199> that<00:15:01.360> was<00:15:01.519> good
torture was not something that was good
torture was not something that was good
for<00:15:01.839> me<00:15:01.959> too<00:15:02.199> and<00:15:02.279> she<00:15:02.399> said<00:15:02.680> maybe<00:15:03.600> part<00:15:03.839> of
for me too and she said maybe part of
for me too and she said maybe part of
the<00:15:04.199> reason<00:15:04.519> was<00:15:04.800> it<00:15:04.920> was<00:15:05.199> it<00:15:05.279> was<00:15:05.720> difficult
the reason was it was it was difficult
the reason was it was it was difficult
for<00:15:06.440> her<00:15:07.440> but<00:15:07.519> it<00:15:07.600> was<00:15:07.800> actually<00:15:08.000> more
for her but it was actually more
for her but it was actually more
interesting<00:15:08.959> than<00:15:09.160> that<00:15:09.399> because<00:15:09.600> she
interesting than that because she
interesting than that because she
said<00:15:11.839> I<00:15:12.000> did<00:15:12.240> not<00:15:12.600> think<00:15:13.199> that<00:15:13.519> your<00:15:13.759> intuition
said I did not think that your intuition
said I did not think that your intuition
was<00:15:14.519> right<00:15:14.759> I<00:15:14.839> thought<00:15:15.120> my<00:15:15.320> intuition<00:15:15.759> was
was right I thought my intuition was
was right I thought my intuition was
correct<00:15:16.800> so<00:15:16.959> if<00:15:17.040> you<00:15:17.160> think<00:15:17.320> about<00:15:17.519> all<00:15:17.639> of
correct so if you think about all of
correct so if you think about all of
your<00:15:17.959> intuitions<00:15:18.519> think<00:15:18.720> about<00:15:19.000> it's<00:15:19.160> very
your intuitions think about it's very
your intuitions think about it's very
hard<00:15:19.519> to<00:15:19.639> believe<00:15:19.880> that<00:15:20.000> your<00:15:20.160> intuition<00:15:20.920> is
hard to believe that your intuition is
hard to believe that your intuition is
wrong<00:15:21.959> and<00:15:22.079> she<00:15:22.199> said<00:15:22.680> given<00:15:23.079> the<00:15:23.240> fact<00:15:23.399> that<00:15:23.600> I
wrong and she said given the fact that I
wrong and she said given the fact that I
thought<00:15:24.360> my<00:15:24.600> intuition<00:15:25.320> was<00:15:25.519> right<00:15:25.759> she
thought my intuition was right she
thought my intuition was right she
thought<00:15:26.079> her<00:15:26.240> intuition<00:15:26.639> was<00:15:26.880> right<00:15:27.320> it<00:15:27.440> was
thought her intuition was right it was
thought her intuition was right it was
very<00:15:28.120> difficult<00:15:28.319> for<00:15:28.480> her<00:15:28.600> to<00:15:29.040> accept<00:15:29.920> doing<00:15:30.519> a
very difficult for her to accept doing a
very difficult for her to accept doing a
difficult<00:15:31.399> experiment<00:15:32.120> to<00:15:32.279> try<00:15:32.440> and<00:15:32.639> check
difficult experiment to try and check
difficult experiment to try and check
whether<00:15:33.120> she<00:15:33.279> was<00:15:33.519> wrong<00:15:34.480> but<00:15:34.639> in<00:15:34.800> fact<00:15:35.040> this
whether she was wrong but in fact this
whether she was wrong but in fact this
is<00:15:35.240> the<00:15:35.440> situation<00:15:35.959> we're<00:15:36.199> all<00:15:36.800> we're<00:15:37.000> all<00:15:37.160> in
is the situation we're all we're all in
is the situation we're all we're all in
all<00:15:37.480> the<00:15:37.680> time<00:15:38.399> we<00:15:38.560> have<00:15:38.800> very<00:15:39.120> strong
all the time we have very strong
all the time we have very strong
intuitions<00:15:39.880> about<00:15:40.120> all<00:15:40.360> kinds<00:15:40.560> of<00:15:40.759> things<00:15:41.519> our
intuitions about all kinds of things our
intuitions about all kinds of things our
own<00:15:41.920> ability<00:15:42.519> how<00:15:42.639> the<00:15:42.839> economy<00:15:43.319> work<00:15:44.279> how<00:15:44.399> we
own ability how the economy work how we
own ability how the economy work how we
should<00:15:44.680> pay<00:15:44.959> school<00:15:45.240> teachers<00:15:46.120> but<00:15:46.319> unless<00:15:46.680> we
should pay school teachers but unless we
should pay school teachers but unless we
start<00:15:47.160> testing<00:15:47.600> those<00:15:47.800> intuitions<00:15:48.800> we're<00:15:49.000> not
start testing those intuitions we're not
start testing those intuitions we're not
going<00:15:49.360> to<00:15:49.480> do<00:15:49.720> better<00:15:50.319> and<00:15:50.480> just<00:15:50.680> think<00:15:50.880> about
going to do better and just think about
going to do better and just think about
how<00:15:51.399> better<00:15:52.040> my<00:15:52.240> life<00:15:52.399> would<00:15:52.560> have<00:15:52.720> been<00:15:52.920> if
how better my life would have been if
how better my life would have been if
these<00:15:53.199> nurses<00:15:53.560> would<00:15:53.680> have<00:15:53.800> been<00:15:53.959> willing<00:15:54.240> to
these nurses would have been willing to
these nurses would have been willing to
check<00:15:54.639> their<00:15:54.839> intuition<00:15:55.800> and<00:15:56.000> how<00:15:56.199> everything
check their intuition and how everything
check their intuition and how everything
would<00:15:56.600> have<00:15:56.720> been<00:15:56.880> better<00:15:57.120> we<00:15:57.240> would<00:15:57.440> just
would have been better we would just
would have been better we would just
start<00:15:57.759> doing<00:15:58.040> more<00:15:58.440> systematic
start doing more systematic
start doing more systematic
experimentation<00:15:59.839> of<00:15:59.959> our<00:16:00.440> intuitions<00:16:01.440> thank
experimentation of our intuitions thank
experimentation of our intuitions thank
you<00:16:01.720> very
you very
you very
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Music]
much<00:16:24.639> what<00:16:24.759> does<00:16:24.920> a<00:16:25.079> machine<00:16:25.720> know<00:16:26.000> about
much what does a machine know about
much what does a machine know about
itself<00:16:27.880> can<00:16:28.040> it<00:16:28.160> know<00:16:28.360> when<00:16:28.480> it<00:16:28.600> needs<00:16:28.759> to<00:16:28.880> to
itself can it know when it needs to to
itself can it know when it needs to to
be<00:16:29.160> repaired<00:16:30.160> and<00:16:30.319> when<00:16:30.440> it
be repaired and when it
be repaired and when it
doesn't<00:16:32.120> in<00:16:32.319> Industries<00:16:32.800> like<00:16:33.040> manufacturing
doesn't in Industries like manufacturing
doesn't in Industries like manufacturing
and<00:16:33.839> energy<00:16:34.560> they're<00:16:34.759> using<00:16:35.079> Predictive
and energy they're using Predictive
and energy they're using Predictive
Analytics<00:16:36.160> to<00:16:36.360> detect<00:16:36.639> signs<00:16:37.000> of<00:16:37.199> trouble
Analytics to detect signs of trouble
Analytics to detect signs of trouble
helping<00:16:38.560> some<00:16:38.800> companies<00:16:39.319> save<00:16:39.600> Millions<00:16:39.959> on
helping some companies save Millions on
helping some companies save Millions on
maintenance<00:16:41.160> because<00:16:41.480> machines<00:16:41.880> seek<00:16:42.160> help
maintenance because machines seek help
maintenance because machines seek help
before<00:16:42.839> they're<00:16:43.000> broken<00:16:43.959> and<00:16:44.120> don't<00:16:44.560> when
before they're broken and don't when
before they're broken and don't when
they're<00:16:44.920> not<00:16:45.759> that's<00:16:45.920> what<00:16:46.040> I'm<00:16:46.199> working<00:16:46.480> on
they're not that's what I'm working on
they're not that's what I'm working on
I'm<00:16:47.160> an<00:16:47.319> IBM<00:16:48.040> let's<00:16:48.199> build<00:16:48.440> a<00:16:48.600> smarter<00:16:49.000> planet
philosophy moral philosophy, ethics, behavioral, economist, Dan, Ariely, cheating, stealing, morality, cheating, stealing, TEDEducation, TED-Ed, TED, Ed
