The other inconvenient truth - Jonathan Foley
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tonight<00:00:16.720> I<00:00:16.800> want<00:00:16.920> to<00:00:17.160> have<00:00:17.240> a<00:00:17.439> conversation
tonight I want to have a conversation
tonight I want to have a conversation
about<00:00:18.480> this<00:00:18.680> incredible<00:00:19.320> Global<00:00:19.760> issue
about this incredible Global issue
about this incredible Global issue
that's<00:00:20.680> at<00:00:20.880> the<00:00:21.000> intersection<00:00:21.920> of<00:00:22.119> land<00:00:22.519> use
that's at the intersection of land use
that's at the intersection of land use
food<00:00:23.960> and<00:00:24.199> environments<00:00:24.840> something<00:00:25.119> we<00:00:25.199> can
food and environments something we can
food and environments something we can
all<00:00:25.560> relate<00:00:25.880> to<00:00:26.400> and<00:00:26.519> what<00:00:26.640> I've<00:00:26.760> been<00:00:26.920> calling
all relate to and what I've been calling
all relate to and what I've been calling
the<00:00:27.320> other<00:00:27.640> Inconvenient<00:00:28.320> Truth<00:00:29.320> but<00:00:29.480> first<00:00:29.720> I
the other Inconvenient Truth but first I
the other Inconvenient Truth but first I
want<00:00:30.160> take<00:00:30.279> you<00:00:30.359> on<00:00:30.480> a<00:00:30.599> little<00:00:31.119> journey<00:00:32.119> let's
want take you on a little journey let's
want take you on a little journey let's
first<00:00:32.800> visit<00:00:33.280> our<00:00:33.559> planet<00:00:34.160> but<00:00:34.320> at<00:00:34.520> night<00:00:35.160> and
first visit our planet but at night and
first visit our planet but at night and
from<00:00:35.920> space<00:00:36.920> this<00:00:37.040> is<00:00:37.200> what<00:00:37.360> our<00:00:37.559> planet<00:00:37.960> looks
from space this is what our planet looks
from space this is what our planet looks
like<00:00:38.559> from<00:00:38.719> outer<00:00:39.120> space<00:00:39.480> at<00:00:39.680> nighttime<00:00:40.200> if
like from outer space at nighttime if
like from outer space at nighttime if
you<00:00:40.360> were<00:00:40.480> to<00:00:40.719> take<00:00:40.879> a<00:00:41.039> satellite<00:00:41.480> and<00:00:41.600> travel
you were to take a satellite and travel
you were to take a satellite and travel
around<00:00:42.160> the<00:00:42.320> planet<00:00:43.160> and<00:00:43.320> the<00:00:43.440> thing<00:00:43.600> you
around the planet and the thing you
around the planet and the thing you
would<00:00:43.920> notice<00:00:44.399> first<00:00:44.760> of<00:00:44.920> course<00:00:45.640> is<00:00:46.000> how
would notice first of course is how
would notice first of course is how
dominant<00:00:46.960> the<00:00:47.239> human<00:00:47.800> presence<00:00:48.480> on<00:00:48.600> our
dominant the human presence on our
dominant the human presence on our
planet<00:00:49.280> is<00:00:50.039> we<00:00:50.160> see<00:00:50.640> cities<00:00:51.280> we<00:00:51.399> see<00:00:51.800> oil
planet is we see cities we see oil
planet is we see cities we see oil
fields<00:00:52.640> you<00:00:52.760> can<00:00:52.920> even<00:00:53.160> make<00:00:53.320> out<00:00:53.600> fishing
fields you can even make out fishing
fields you can even make out fishing
fleets<00:00:54.399> in<00:00:54.559> the<00:00:54.800> sea<00:00:55.800> that<00:00:56.000> we<00:00:56.120> are<00:00:56.480> dominating
fleets in the sea that we are dominating
fleets in the sea that we are dominating
much<00:00:57.399> of<00:00:57.559> our<00:00:57.800> planet<00:00:58.239> and<00:00:58.440> mostly<00:00:58.879> through
much of our planet and mostly through
much of our planet and mostly through
the<00:00:59.199> use<00:00:59.359> of<00:00:59.519> energy<00:01:00.199> that<00:01:00.320> we<00:01:00.440> see<00:01:00.680> here<00:01:00.879> at
the use of energy that we see here at
the use of energy that we see here at
night<00:01:02.160> but<00:01:02.320> let's<00:01:02.559> go<00:01:02.760> back<00:01:02.920> and<00:01:03.079> drop<00:01:03.320> it<00:01:03.440> a
night but let's go back and drop it a
night but let's go back and drop it a
little<00:01:03.800> deeper<00:01:04.360> and<00:01:04.479> look<00:01:04.720> during<00:01:04.960> the
little deeper and look during the
little deeper and look during the
daytime<00:01:06.400> what<00:01:06.520> we<00:01:06.680> see<00:01:06.920> during<00:01:07.200> the<00:01:07.439> day<00:01:08.080> is
daytime what we see during the day is
daytime what we see during the day is
our
our
our
Landscapes<00:01:10.040> this<00:01:10.159> is<00:01:10.439> part<00:01:10.640> of<00:01:10.799> the<00:01:11.000> Amazon
Landscapes this is part of the Amazon
Landscapes this is part of the Amazon
basin<00:01:11.880> the<00:01:12.040> place<00:01:12.280> called<00:01:12.520> rondonia<00:01:13.520> in<00:01:13.640> the
basin the place called rondonia in the
basin the place called rondonia in the
South<00:01:14.280> Center<00:01:14.759> part<00:01:15.000> of<00:01:15.200> the<00:01:15.320> Brazilian
South Center part of the Brazilian
South Center part of the Brazilian
Amazon<00:01:17.080> if<00:01:17.159> you<00:01:17.320> look<00:01:17.640> really<00:01:17.960> carefully<00:01:18.360> in
Amazon if you look really carefully in
Amazon if you look really carefully in
the<00:01:18.560> upper<00:01:18.840> right<00:01:19.040> hand<00:01:19.200> corner<00:01:19.520> you're<00:01:19.640> going
the upper right hand corner you're going
the upper right hand corner you're going
to<00:01:19.840> see<00:01:20.000> a<00:01:20.240> thin<00:01:20.840> white<00:01:21.159> line<00:01:22.040> which<00:01:22.159> is<00:01:22.280> a<00:01:22.479> road
to see a thin white line which is a road
to see a thin white line which is a road
that<00:01:22.960> was<00:01:23.119> built<00:01:23.360> in<00:01:23.439> the
that was built in the
that was built in the
1970s<00:01:25.640> if<00:01:25.759> we<00:01:25.920> come<00:01:26.159> back<00:01:26.280> to<00:01:26.479> the<00:01:26.680> same<00:01:27.079> place
1970s if we come back to the same place
1970s if we come back to the same place
in<00:01:28.159> 2001<00:01:29.159> what<00:01:29.280> we're<00:01:29.439> going<00:01:29.520> to<00:01:29.680> find
in 2001 what we're going to find
in 2001 what we're going to find
is<00:01:30.640> that<00:01:30.840> these<00:01:31.079> roads<00:01:31.600> spurt<00:01:32.079> off<00:01:32.399> more<00:01:32.759> roads
is that these roads spurt off more roads
is that these roads spurt off more roads
and<00:01:33.759> more<00:01:34.079> roads<00:01:34.520> after<00:01:34.840> that<00:01:35.079> at<00:01:35.200> the<00:01:35.320> end<00:01:35.520> of
and more roads after that at the end of
and more roads after that at the end of
which<00:01:35.840> is<00:01:35.960> a<00:01:36.200> small<00:01:36.600> clearing<00:01:36.960> in<00:01:37.079> the
which is a small clearing in the
which is a small clearing in the
rainforest<00:01:38.280> where<00:01:38.439> there're<00:01:38.600> going<00:01:38.680> to<00:01:38.799> be<00:01:38.920> a
rainforest where there're going to be a
rainforest where there're going to be a
few<00:01:39.560> cows<00:01:40.560> these<00:01:40.799> cows<00:01:41.040> are<00:01:41.280> used<00:01:41.520> for<00:01:41.759> beef
few cows these cows are used for beef
few cows these cows are used for beef
we're<00:01:42.200> going<00:01:42.320> to<00:01:42.439> eat<00:01:42.720> these<00:01:42.960> cows<00:01:43.720> and<00:01:43.840> these
we're going to eat these cows and these
we're going to eat these cows and these
cows<00:01:44.320> are<00:01:44.479> eaten<00:01:45.000> basically<00:01:45.399> in<00:01:45.520> South
cows are eaten basically in South
cows are eaten basically in South
America<00:01:46.280> in<00:01:46.439> Brazil<00:01:46.799> and<00:01:46.960> Argentina<00:01:47.520> they're
America in Brazil and Argentina they're
America in Brazil and Argentina they're
not<00:01:47.799> being<00:01:47.960> shipped<00:01:48.320> up<00:01:48.560> here<00:01:49.399> but<00:01:49.560> this<00:01:49.719> kind
not being shipped up here but this kind
not being shipped up here but this kind
of<00:01:50.119> fishbone<00:01:50.719> pattern<00:01:51.040> of<00:01:51.200> deforestation<00:01:52.000> is
of fishbone pattern of deforestation is
of fishbone pattern of deforestation is
something<00:01:52.399> we<00:01:52.560> notice<00:01:52.880> a<00:01:53.040> lot<00:01:53.200> of<00:01:53.399> around<00:01:53.600> the
something we notice a lot of around the
something we notice a lot of around the
tropics<00:01:54.600> especially<00:01:54.960> in<00:01:55.079> this<00:01:55.240> part<00:01:55.399> of<00:01:55.479> the
tropics especially in this part of the
tropics especially in this part of the
world<00:01:56.719> if<00:01:56.799> we<00:01:56.960> go<00:01:57.079> a<00:01:57.200> little<00:01:57.360> bit<00:01:57.600> further
world if we go a little bit further
world if we go a little bit further
south<00:01:58.399> in<00:01:58.520> our<00:01:58.759> little<00:01:58.960> tour<00:01:59.240> of<00:01:59.399> the<00:01:59.479> world<00:02:00.200> we
south in our little tour of the world we
south in our little tour of the world we
can<00:02:00.439> go<00:02:00.560> to<00:02:00.680> the<00:02:00.840> Bolivian<00:02:01.360> edge<00:02:01.560> of<00:02:01.719> the
can go to the Bolivian edge of the
can go to the Bolivian edge of the
Amazon<00:02:02.640> here<00:02:02.920> also<00:02:03.240> in
Amazon here also in
Amazon here also in
1975<00:02:05.079> and<00:02:05.200> if<00:02:05.280> you<00:02:05.439> look<00:02:05.799> really<00:02:06.200> carefully
1975 and if you look really carefully
1975 and if you look really carefully
there's<00:02:06.799> a<00:02:07.039> thin<00:02:07.439> white<00:02:07.680> line<00:02:08.119> through<00:02:08.440> that
there's a thin white line through that
there's a thin white line through that
uh<00:02:09.039> kind<00:02:09.160> of<00:02:09.319> scene<00:02:10.039> and<00:02:10.160> there's<00:02:10.319> a<00:02:10.479> lone
uh kind of scene and there's a lone
uh kind of scene and there's a lone
farmer<00:02:11.319> out<00:02:11.480> there<00:02:11.599> in<00:02:11.720> the<00:02:11.840> middle<00:02:12.160> of<00:02:12.239> the
farmer out there in the middle of the
farmer out there in the middle of the
Primeval<00:02:13.160> jungle<00:02:14.160> let's<00:02:14.400> come<00:02:14.640> back<00:02:14.879> again<00:02:15.120> a
Primeval jungle let's come back again a
Primeval jungle let's come back again a
few<00:02:15.400> years<00:02:15.640> later<00:02:16.519> here<00:02:16.760> in
few years later here in
few years later here in
2003<00:02:19.360> and<00:02:19.640> we'll<00:02:19.800> see<00:02:20.000> that<00:02:20.160> that<00:02:20.319> landscape
2003 and we'll see that that landscape
2003 and we'll see that that landscape
actually<00:02:21.120> looks<00:02:21.360> a<00:02:21.519> lot<00:02:21.720> more<00:02:22.000> like<00:02:22.319> Iowa<00:02:22.920> than
actually looks a lot more like Iowa than
actually looks a lot more like Iowa than
it<00:02:23.160> does<00:02:23.360> like<00:02:23.480> a<00:02:23.760> rainforest<00:02:24.760> in<00:02:24.879> fact<00:02:25.120> what
it does like a rainforest in fact what
it does like a rainforest in fact what
you're<00:02:25.400> seeing<00:02:25.720> here<00:02:25.879> are<00:02:26.120> soybean<00:02:26.840> Fields
you're seeing here are soybean Fields
you're seeing here are soybean Fields
these<00:02:28.040> soybeans<00:02:28.560> are<00:02:28.680> being<00:02:28.920> shipped<00:02:29.319> to
these soybeans are being shipped to
these soybeans are being shipped to
Europe<00:02:30.040> into<00:02:30.360> China<00:02:30.800> as<00:02:31.040> animal<00:02:31.440> feed
Europe into China as animal feed
Europe into China as animal feed
especially<00:02:32.920> after<00:02:33.160> the<00:02:33.319> mad<00:02:33.599> cow<00:02:33.840> disease
especially after the mad cow disease
especially after the mad cow disease
scare<00:02:34.599> about<00:02:34.760> a<00:02:34.920> decade<00:02:35.280> ago<00:02:35.879> where<00:02:36.000> we<00:02:36.120> don't
scare about a decade ago where we don't
scare about a decade ago where we don't
want<00:02:36.319> to<00:02:36.440> feed<00:02:36.720> animals<00:02:37.239> animal<00:02:37.599> protein
want to feed animals animal protein
want to feed animals animal protein
anymore<00:02:38.519> because<00:02:38.680> that<00:02:38.800> can<00:02:38.959> transmit
anymore because that can transmit
anymore because that can transmit
disease<00:02:40.360> instead<00:02:40.680> we<00:02:40.800> want<00:02:40.920> to<00:02:41.040> feed<00:02:41.280> them
disease instead we want to feed them
disease instead we want to feed them
more<00:02:41.800> vegetable<00:02:42.280> protein<00:02:42.680> so<00:02:42.840> soybeans<00:02:43.360> have
more vegetable protein so soybeans have
more vegetable protein so soybeans have
really<00:02:43.840> exploded<00:02:44.760> showing<00:02:45.200> how<00:02:45.560> trade<00:02:46.120> and
really exploded showing how trade and
really exploded showing how trade and
globalization<00:02:47.680> are<00:02:47.920> you<00:02:48.040> know<00:02:48.319> really
globalization are you know really
globalization are you know really
responsible<00:02:49.280> for<00:02:49.599> the<00:02:49.760> connections<00:02:50.200> to
responsible for the connections to
responsible for the connections to
Rainforest<00:02:51.040> in<00:02:51.200> the<00:02:51.360> Amazon<00:02:52.200> incredibly
Rainforest in the Amazon incredibly
Rainforest in the Amazon incredibly
strange<00:02:53.120> and<00:02:53.280> interconnected<00:02:53.920> world<00:02:54.159> that<00:02:54.280> we
strange and interconnected world that we
strange and interconnected world that we
have<00:02:54.879> today<00:02:55.879> well<00:02:56.159> again<00:02:56.400> and<00:02:56.640> again<00:02:56.920> what<00:02:57.040> we
have today well again and again what we
have today well again and again what we
find<00:02:57.599> as<00:02:57.760> we<00:02:57.959> look<00:02:58.200> around<00:02:58.480> the<00:02:58.599> world<00:02:58.879> in<00:02:59.000> our
find as we look around the world in our
find as we look around the world in our
little<00:02:59.360> tour<00:02:59.640> of<00:02:59.959> the<00:03:00.040> world<00:03:00.800> is<00:03:00.920> that
little tour of the world is that
little tour of the world is that
landscape<00:03:01.959> after<00:03:02.319> landscape<00:03:03.040> after
landscape after landscape after
landscape after landscape after
landscape<00:03:03.920> have<00:03:04.080> been<00:03:04.280> cleared<00:03:04.720> and<00:03:04.959> altered
landscape have been cleared and altered
landscape have been cleared and altered
for<00:03:06.200> growing<00:03:06.760> food<00:03:07.200> and<00:03:07.400> other<00:03:08.200> crops<00:03:09.200> so<00:03:09.360> one
for growing food and other crops so one
for growing food and other crops so one
of<00:03:09.599> the<00:03:09.760> questions<00:03:10.120> we've<00:03:10.280> been<00:03:10.560> asking<00:03:11.319> is
of the questions we've been asking is
of the questions we've been asking is
how<00:03:11.799> much<00:03:12.000> of<00:03:12.120> the<00:03:12.239> world<00:03:12.519> is<00:03:12.640> used<00:03:12.920> to<00:03:13.080> grow
how much of the world is used to grow
how much of the world is used to grow
food<00:03:14.200> and<00:03:14.440> how<00:03:14.680> where<00:03:14.879> is<00:03:14.959> it<00:03:15.239> exactly<00:03:15.599> and<00:03:15.760> how
food and how where is it exactly and how
food and how where is it exactly and how
can<00:03:16.040> we<00:03:16.200> change<00:03:16.480> that<00:03:16.640> into<00:03:16.840> the<00:03:16.959> future<00:03:17.239> and
can we change that into the future and
can we change that into the future and
what<00:03:17.480> does<00:03:17.599> it<00:03:18.159> mean<00:03:19.159> well<00:03:19.319> our<00:03:19.480> team<00:03:19.720> has<00:03:19.879> been
what does it mean well our team has been
what does it mean well our team has been
looking<00:03:20.400> at<00:03:20.560> this<00:03:20.680> in<00:03:20.799> a<00:03:21.000> global<00:03:21.400> scale<00:03:21.720> using
looking at this in a global scale using
looking at this in a global scale using
satellite<00:03:22.640> data<00:03:23.000> and<00:03:23.159> groundbased<00:03:23.799> data<00:03:24.080> kind
satellite data and groundbased data kind
satellite data and groundbased data kind
of<00:03:24.280> ATT<00:03:24.519> track<00:03:24.959> farming<00:03:25.400> at<00:03:25.519> a<00:03:25.720> global<00:03:26.480> scale
of ATT track farming at a global scale
of ATT track farming at a global scale
and<00:03:27.640> this<00:03:27.720> is<00:03:27.920> what<00:03:28.080> we<00:03:28.280> found<00:03:28.680> and<00:03:28.840> it<00:03:29.000> it's
and this is what we found and it it's
and this is what we found and it it's
startling
startling
startling
this<00:03:31.040> map<00:03:31.439> shows<00:03:32.120> the<00:03:32.400> presence<00:03:32.760> of
this map shows the presence of
this map shows the presence of
Agriculture<00:03:33.560> on<00:03:33.760> planet<00:03:34.400> Earth<00:03:35.400> the<00:03:35.599> green
Agriculture on planet Earth the green
Agriculture on planet Earth the green
areas<00:03:36.280> are<00:03:36.480> the<00:03:36.640> areas<00:03:36.920> we<00:03:37.040> use<00:03:37.239> to<00:03:37.400> grow<00:03:37.760> crops
areas are the areas we use to grow crops
areas are the areas we use to grow crops
like<00:03:38.439> weed<00:03:38.760> or<00:03:38.959> soybeans<00:03:39.519> or<00:03:39.720> corn<00:03:40.080> or<00:03:40.280> rice<00:03:40.560> or
like weed or soybeans or corn or rice or
like weed or soybeans or corn or rice or
whatever<00:03:41.879> that's<00:03:42.560> 16<00:03:43.560> million<00:03:44.200> square
whatever that's 16 million square
whatever that's 16 million square
kilometers<00:03:45.120> worth<00:03:45.319> of<00:03:45.480> land<00:03:46.159> if<00:03:46.280> you<00:03:46.439> put<00:03:46.599> it
kilometers worth of land if you put it
kilometers worth of land if you put it
all<00:03:47.040> together<00:03:47.239> in<00:03:47.439> one<00:03:47.680> place<00:03:47.879> it'<00:03:48.080> be<00:03:48.239> the
all together in one place it' be the
all together in one place it' be the
size<00:03:48.640> of<00:03:48.879> South<00:03:49.720> America<00:03:50.720> the<00:03:50.879> secondary<00:03:51.439> in
size of South America the secondary in
size of South America the secondary in
brown<00:03:52.120> is<00:03:52.280> the<00:03:52.360> world's<00:03:52.799> pastures<00:03:53.239> and
brown is the world's pastures and
brown is the world's pastures and
rangelands<00:03:54.000> where<00:03:54.120> our<00:03:54.319> animals<00:03:54.840> live<00:03:55.799> that
rangelands where our animals live that
rangelands where our animals live that
area<00:03:56.200> is<00:03:56.319> about<00:03:56.560> 30<00:03:56.959> million<00:03:57.360> square<00:03:57.680> kilm<00:03:58.200> or
area is about 30 million square kilm or
area is about 30 million square kilm or
about<00:03:58.560> an<00:03:58.840> Africa's<00:03:59.319> worth<00:03:59.480> of<00:03:59.879> land<00:04:00.680> a<00:04:01.000> huge
about an Africa's worth of land a huge
about an Africa's worth of land a huge
amount<00:04:01.560> of<00:04:01.720> land<00:04:01.959> and<00:04:02.079> it's<00:04:02.280> the<00:04:02.519> best<00:04:02.840> land<00:04:03.159> of
amount of land and it's the best land of
amount of land and it's the best land of
course<00:04:03.480> is<00:04:03.680> what<00:04:03.799> you<00:04:03.959> see<00:04:04.680> what's<00:04:05.000> left<00:04:05.239> is
course is what you see what's left is
course is what you see what's left is
like<00:04:05.560> the<00:04:05.680> middle<00:04:05.879> of<00:04:05.959> the<00:04:06.079> Sahara<00:04:06.519> Desert<00:04:06.959> or
like the middle of the Sahara Desert or
like the middle of the Sahara Desert or
Siberia<00:04:07.879> or<00:04:08.040> the<00:04:08.120> middle<00:04:08.360> of<00:04:08.439> a<00:04:08.720> rainforest
Siberia or the middle of a rainforest
Siberia or the middle of a rainforest
we're<00:04:09.959> using<00:04:10.439> a<00:04:10.799> planet's<00:04:11.280> worth<00:04:11.519> of<00:04:11.720> land
we're using a planet's worth of land
we're using a planet's worth of land
already<00:04:13.480> if<00:04:13.560> we<00:04:13.680> look<00:04:13.799> at<00:04:13.959> this<00:04:14.159> carefully<00:04:14.560> we
already if we look at this carefully we
already if we look at this carefully we
find<00:04:14.879> it's<00:04:15.079> about<00:04:15.319> 40%<00:04:16.120> of<00:04:16.199> the<00:04:16.280> earth's<00:04:16.600> land
find it's about 40% of the earth's land
find it's about 40% of the earth's land
surface<00:04:17.400> is<00:04:17.639> devoted<00:04:17.959> to<00:04:18.320> Agriculture<00:04:19.320> and
surface is devoted to Agriculture and
surface is devoted to Agriculture and
it's<00:04:19.799> 60<00:04:20.519> times<00:04:21.040> larger<00:04:21.880> than<00:04:22.040> all<00:04:22.199> the<00:04:22.360> areas
it's 60 times larger than all the areas
it's 60 times larger than all the areas
We<00:04:22.919> complain<00:04:23.360> about<00:04:23.840> our<00:04:24.000> suburban<00:04:24.560> sprawl
We complain about our suburban sprawl
We complain about our suburban sprawl
and<00:04:25.240> our<00:04:25.440> cities<00:04:25.840> where<00:04:26.040> we<00:04:26.440> mostly<00:04:26.840> live<00:04:27.440> half
and our cities where we mostly live half
and our cities where we mostly live half
of<00:04:27.759> humanity<00:04:28.240> lives<00:04:28.440> in<00:04:28.680> cities<00:04:29.080> today<00:04:29.960> but<00:04:30.120> a
of humanity lives in cities today but a
of humanity lives in cities today but a
60<00:04:30.840> times<00:04:31.160> larger<00:04:31.600> area<00:04:32.000> is<00:04:32.160> used<00:04:32.400> to<00:04:32.520> grow
60 times larger area is used to grow
60 times larger area is used to grow
food<00:04:33.880> so<00:04:34.039> this<00:04:34.160> is<00:04:34.280> an<00:04:34.479> amazing<00:04:34.960> kind<00:04:35.080> of
food so this is an amazing kind of
food so this is an amazing kind of
result<00:04:35.600> and<00:04:35.680> it<00:04:35.840> really<00:04:36.000> shocked<00:04:36.360> us<00:04:36.520> when<00:04:36.639> we
result and it really shocked us when we
result and it really shocked us when we
looked<00:04:36.960> at<00:04:37.160> that<00:04:37.800> so<00:04:37.919> we're<00:04:38.039> using<00:04:38.280> an
looked at that so we're using an
looked at that so we're using an
enormous<00:04:38.919> amount<00:04:39.120> of<00:04:39.280> land<00:04:39.560> for<00:04:39.840> agriculture
enormous amount of land for agriculture
enormous amount of land for agriculture
but<00:04:41.000> also<00:04:41.240> we're<00:04:41.400> using<00:04:41.720> a<00:04:41.840> lot<00:04:42.000> of<00:04:42.320> water<00:04:43.320> this
but also we're using a lot of water this
but also we're using a lot of water this
is<00:04:43.560> a<00:04:43.720> photograph<00:04:44.199> flying<00:04:44.560> into<00:04:45.000> Arizona<00:04:45.840> and
is a photograph flying into Arizona and
is a photograph flying into Arizona and
when<00:04:46.080> you<00:04:46.199> look<00:04:46.360> at<00:04:46.440> it<00:04:46.560> you're<00:04:46.720> like<00:04:46.840> what<00:04:46.960> are
when you look at it you're like what are
when you look at it you're like what are
they<00:04:47.199> growing<00:04:47.479> here<00:04:47.600> it<00:04:47.680> turns<00:04:47.880> out<00:04:48.039> they're
they growing here it turns out they're
they growing here it turns out they're
growing<00:04:48.520> lettuce<00:04:49.039> in<00:04:49.120> the<00:04:49.240> middle<00:04:49.479> of<00:04:49.639> the
growing lettuce in the middle of the
growing lettuce in the middle of the
desert<00:04:50.759> using<00:04:51.240> water<00:04:51.880> sprayed<00:04:52.280> on<00:04:52.560> top<00:04:53.400> now
desert using water sprayed on top now
desert using water sprayed on top now
the<00:04:53.720> irony<00:04:54.039> is<00:04:54.199> it's<00:04:54.400> probably<00:04:54.600> sold<00:04:54.880> in<00:04:55.000> our
the irony is it's probably sold in our
the irony is it's probably sold in our
Supermarket<00:04:55.720> shelves<00:04:56.280> in<00:04:56.360> the<00:04:56.520> Twin<00:04:57.160> Cities
Supermarket shelves in the Twin Cities
Supermarket shelves in the Twin Cities
but<00:04:58.280> what's<00:04:58.479> really<00:04:58.639> interesting<00:04:59.000> is<00:04:59.120> this
but what's really interesting is this
but what's really interesting is this
water's<00:04:59.520> got<00:04:59.759> to<00:04:59.880> come<00:05:00.080> from<00:05:00.320> someplace<00:05:00.759> and
water's got to come from someplace and
water's got to come from someplace and
it<00:05:01.000> comes<00:05:01.240> from<00:05:01.560> here<00:05:02.160> the<00:05:02.400> Colorado<00:05:02.960> River<00:05:03.680> in
it comes from here the Colorado River in
it comes from here the Colorado River in
North<00:05:04.120> America<00:05:05.120> well<00:05:05.240> at<00:05:05.400> Colorado<00:05:05.840> in<00:05:05.960> a
North America well at Colorado in a
North America well at Colorado in a
typical<00:05:06.560> day<00:05:06.720> in<00:05:06.800> the<00:05:06.919> 1950s<00:05:07.840> this<00:05:07.960> is<00:05:08.120> just<00:05:08.320> in
typical day in the 1950s this is just in
typical day in the 1950s this is just in
not<00:05:08.800> a<00:05:08.919> flood<00:05:09.240> not<00:05:09.360> a<00:05:09.479> drought<00:05:09.800> kind<00:05:09.880> of<00:05:10.000> an
not a flood not a drought kind of an
not a flood not a drought kind of an
average<00:05:10.520> day<00:05:10.680> it<00:05:10.759> looks<00:05:11.000> something<00:05:11.360> like<00:05:11.639> this
average day it looks something like this
average day it looks something like this
but<00:05:12.600> if<00:05:12.720> we<00:05:12.840> come<00:05:13.080> back<00:05:13.320> today<00:05:14.160> during<00:05:14.400> a
but if we come back today during a
but if we come back today during a
normal<00:05:15.160> condition<00:05:15.400> to<00:05:15.600> the<00:05:15.840> exact<00:05:16.199> same
normal condition to the exact same
normal condition to the exact same
location<00:05:17.479> this<00:05:17.600> is<00:05:17.800> what's<00:05:18.160> left<00:05:19.160> the
location this is what's left the
location this is what's left the
difference<00:05:19.680> is<00:05:19.919> mainly<00:05:20.240> irrigating<00:05:20.759> the
difference is mainly irrigating the
difference is mainly irrigating the
desert<00:05:21.240> for<00:05:21.479> food<00:05:21.960> or<00:05:22.199> maybe<00:05:22.479> golf<00:05:22.759> courses<00:05:23.120> in
desert for food or maybe golf courses in
desert for food or maybe golf courses in
Scotsdale<00:05:24.000> you<00:05:24.160> take<00:05:24.319> your<00:05:24.600> pick<00:05:25.600> well<00:05:25.800> this
Scotsdale you take your pick well this
Scotsdale you take your pick well this
is<00:05:26.000> a<00:05:26.199> lot<00:05:26.319> of<00:05:26.520> water<00:05:26.800> and<00:05:27.000> again<00:05:27.240> we're<00:05:27.520> mining
is a lot of water and again we're mining
is a lot of water and again we're mining
water<00:05:28.759> and<00:05:28.919> using<00:05:29.240> it<00:05:29.319> to<00:05:29.960> food<00:05:30.720> and<00:05:30.840> today<00:05:31.240> if
water and using it to food and today if
water and using it to food and today if
you<00:05:31.479> travel<00:05:31.880> down<00:05:32.199> further<00:05:32.560> down<00:05:32.680> the
you travel down further down the
you travel down further down the
Colorado<00:05:33.479> it<00:05:33.600> dries<00:05:33.960> up<00:05:34.240> completely<00:05:34.919> and<00:05:35.039> no
Colorado it dries up completely and no
Colorado it dries up completely and no
longer<00:05:35.479> flows<00:05:35.840> into<00:05:36.000> the<00:05:36.160> ocean<00:05:36.639> we've
longer flows into the ocean we've
longer flows into the ocean we've
literally<00:05:37.240> consumed<00:05:37.759> an<00:05:37.919> entire<00:05:38.440> river<00:05:39.039> in
literally consumed an entire river in
literally consumed an entire river in
North<00:05:39.479> America<00:05:40.240> for
North America for
North America for
irrigation<00:05:42.039> well<00:05:42.160> that's<00:05:42.360> not<00:05:42.520> even<00:05:42.720> the
irrigation well that's not even the
irrigation well that's not even the
worst<00:05:43.160> example<00:05:43.479> in<00:05:43.560> the<00:05:43.680> world<00:05:44.039> this<00:05:44.319> probably
worst example in the world this probably
worst example in the world this probably
is<00:05:45.120> the<00:05:45.280> aeral<00:05:45.960> sea<00:05:46.960> now<00:05:47.120> a<00:05:47.199> lot<00:05:47.319> of<00:05:47.400> you<00:05:47.479> will
is the aeral sea now a lot of you will
is the aeral sea now a lot of you will
remember<00:05:48.000> this<00:05:48.160> from<00:05:48.520> your<00:05:48.720> geography
remember this from your geography
remember this from your geography
classes<00:05:49.759> this<00:05:49.880> is<00:05:50.000> in<00:05:50.160> the<00:05:50.280> former<00:05:50.759> Soviet
classes this is in the former Soviet
classes this is in the former Soviet
Union<00:05:52.120> between<00:05:52.520> Kazakhstan<00:05:53.120> and<00:05:53.240> usbekistan
Union between Kazakhstan and usbekistan
Union between Kazakhstan and usbekistan
one<00:05:54.120> of<00:05:54.240> the<00:05:54.479> great<00:05:54.759> Inland<00:05:55.160> Seas<00:05:55.479> of<00:05:55.639> the
one of the great Inland Seas of the
one of the great Inland Seas of the
world<00:05:56.680> but<00:05:56.840> there's<00:05:57.039> kind<00:05:57.120> of<00:05:57.240> a<00:05:57.400> paradox<00:05:58.000> here
world but there's kind of a paradox here
world but there's kind of a paradox here
because<00:05:58.440> it<00:05:58.600> looks<00:05:58.800> like<00:05:58.919> it's<00:05:59.080> surrounded<00:05:59.479> by
because it looks like it's surrounded by
because it looks like it's surrounded by
by<00:05:59.880> desert<00:06:00.560> why<00:06:00.680> is<00:06:00.880> the<00:06:01.080> sea<00:06:01.560> here<00:06:02.520> the<00:06:02.639> reason
by desert why is the sea here the reason
by desert why is the sea here the reason
it's<00:06:03.120> here<00:06:03.319> is<00:06:03.479> because<00:06:03.680> on<00:06:03.800> the<00:06:03.960> right<00:06:04.199> hand
it's here is because on the right hand
it's here is because on the right hand
side<00:06:04.639> you<00:06:04.759> see<00:06:05.039> two<00:06:05.280> little<00:06:05.560> Rivers<00:06:06.080> kind<00:06:06.199> of
side you see two little Rivers kind of
side you see two little Rivers kind of
coming<00:06:06.680> down<00:06:07.000> through<00:06:07.160> the<00:06:07.319> sand<00:06:08.120> feeding
coming down through the sand feeding
coming down through the sand feeding
this<00:06:08.840> Basin<00:06:09.319> with<00:06:09.599> water<00:06:10.520> those<00:06:10.759> rivers<00:06:11.120> are
this Basin with water those rivers are
this Basin with water those rivers are
draining<00:06:11.759> snow<00:06:12.120> melt<00:06:12.479> from<00:06:12.680> mountains<00:06:13.199> far<00:06:13.440> to
draining snow melt from mountains far to
draining snow melt from mountains far to
the<00:06:13.759> east<00:06:14.080> where<00:06:14.280> snow<00:06:14.560> melts<00:06:14.919> it<00:06:15.039> travels
the east where snow melts it travels
the east where snow melts it travels
down<00:06:15.599> the<00:06:15.720> river<00:06:16.000> through<00:06:16.199> the<00:06:16.360> desert<00:06:16.960> and
down the river through the desert and
down the river through the desert and
forms<00:06:17.520> the<00:06:17.680> great<00:06:17.919> arol<00:06:18.319> sea<00:06:19.319> well<00:06:19.440> in<00:06:19.520> the
forms the great arol sea well in the
forms the great arol sea well in the
1950s<00:06:20.599> the<00:06:20.800> Soviets<00:06:21.319> decided<00:06:21.720> to<00:06:22.039> divert<00:06:22.599> that
1950s the Soviets decided to divert that
1950s the Soviets decided to divert that
water<00:06:23.039> to<00:06:23.240> irrigate<00:06:23.720> the<00:06:23.840> desert<00:06:24.160> to<00:06:24.319> grow
water to irrigate the desert to grow
water to irrigate the desert to grow
cotton<00:06:25.199> believe<00:06:25.400> it<00:06:25.520> or<00:06:25.680> not<00:06:26.080> in<00:06:26.400> Kazakhstan
cotton believe it or not in Kazakhstan
cotton believe it or not in Kazakhstan
to<00:06:27.560> sell<00:06:27.960> cotton<00:06:28.240> to<00:06:28.360> the<00:06:28.479> international
to sell cotton to the international
to sell cotton to the international
markets<00:06:29.280> to<00:06:29.360> bring<00:06:29.720> foreign<00:06:30.039> currency<00:06:30.520> into
markets to bring foreign currency into
markets to bring foreign currency into
the<00:06:30.840> Soviet<00:06:31.160> Union<00:06:31.479> they<00:06:31.599> really<00:06:31.800> needed<00:06:32.039> the
the Soviet Union they really needed the
the Soviet Union they really needed the
money<00:06:33.360> well<00:06:33.560> you<00:06:33.639> can<00:06:33.840> imagine<00:06:34.319> what<00:06:34.479> happens
money well you can imagine what happens
money well you can imagine what happens
you<00:06:34.960> turn<00:06:35.199> off<00:06:35.360> the<00:06:35.479> water<00:06:35.759> supply<00:06:36.080> to<00:06:36.160> the<00:06:36.280> RLC
you turn off the water supply to the RLC
you turn off the water supply to the RLC
what's<00:06:37.199> going<00:06:37.280> to<00:06:37.440> happen<00:06:38.440> here<00:06:38.560> it<00:06:38.680> is<00:06:38.800> in
what's going to happen here it is in
what's going to happen here it is in
1973
1973
1973
1986
1999
1999
1999
2004<00:06:49.160> and<00:06:49.360> about<00:06:49.599> 11<00:06:50.000> months
ago<00:06:53.919> it's<00:06:54.160> pretty<00:06:54.759> extraordinary<00:06:55.759> now<00:06:55.879> a<00:06:55.960> lot
ago it's pretty extraordinary now a lot
ago it's pretty extraordinary now a lot
of<00:06:56.199> us<00:06:56.319> in<00:06:56.400> the<00:06:56.520> audience<00:06:56.800> here<00:06:57.000> live<00:06:57.160> in<00:06:57.280> the
of us in the audience here live in the
of us in the audience here live in the
midwest<00:06:58.639> imagine<00:06:59.000> that<00:06:59.120> was<00:06:59.280> Lake
midwest imagine that was Lake
midwest imagine that was Lake
Superior<00:07:02.280> imagine<00:07:02.639> that<00:07:02.759> was<00:07:02.960> like<00:07:03.479> hon<00:07:04.479> it's
Superior imagine that was like hon it's
Superior imagine that was like hon it's
extraordinary<00:07:05.639> change<00:07:06.639> this<00:07:06.759> is<00:07:06.960> not<00:07:07.120> only<00:07:07.319> a
extraordinary change this is not only a
extraordinary change this is not only a
change<00:07:07.720> in<00:07:08.080> water<00:07:08.400> and<00:07:08.520> where<00:07:08.680> the<00:07:08.759> shoreline
change in water and where the shoreline
change in water and where the shoreline
is<00:07:09.479> is<00:07:09.599> a<00:07:09.800> change<00:07:10.080> in<00:07:10.240> the<00:07:10.479> fundamentals<00:07:11.080> of
is is a change in the fundamentals of
is is a change in the fundamentals of
the<00:07:11.360> environment<00:07:11.800> of<00:07:11.960> this<00:07:12.160> region<00:07:13.160> let's
the environment of this region let's
the environment of this region let's
start<00:07:13.639> with<00:07:13.919> this<00:07:14.520> the<00:07:14.680> Soviet<00:07:14.960> Union<00:07:15.240> didn't
start with this the Soviet Union didn't
start with this the Soviet Union didn't
really<00:07:15.759> have<00:07:15.840> a<00:07:16.000> Sierra<00:07:16.440> Club<00:07:16.800> let's<00:07:16.960> put<00:07:17.080> it
really have a Sierra Club let's put it
really have a Sierra Club let's put it
that<00:07:17.479> way<00:07:18.240> so<00:07:18.479> what<00:07:18.599> you<00:07:18.759> find<00:07:19.000> in<00:07:19.120> the<00:07:19.319> bottom
that way so what you find in the bottom
that way so what you find in the bottom
of<00:07:19.639> the<00:07:19.759> ARL<00:07:20.120> sea<00:07:20.440> ain't<00:07:20.720> pretty<00:07:21.440> there's<00:07:21.639> a
of the ARL sea ain't pretty there's a
of the ARL sea ain't pretty there's a
lot<00:07:21.919> of<00:07:22.199> toxic<00:07:22.599> waste<00:07:22.919> a<00:07:23.039> lot<00:07:23.120> of<00:07:23.199> things<00:07:23.360> that
lot of toxic waste a lot of things that
lot of toxic waste a lot of things that
were<00:07:23.639> dumped<00:07:23.960> there<00:07:24.120> they're<00:07:24.319> now<00:07:24.479> becoming
were dumped there they're now becoming
were dumped there they're now becoming
Airborne<00:07:26.000> one<00:07:26.120> of<00:07:26.280> those<00:07:26.560> small<00:07:26.960> islands<00:07:27.440> that
Airborne one of those small islands that
Airborne one of those small islands that
was<00:07:27.720> remote<00:07:28.039> and<00:07:28.199> impossible<00:07:28.639> to<00:07:28.800> get<00:07:28.919> to<00:07:29.080> was
was remote and impossible to get to was
was remote and impossible to get to was
a<00:07:29.319> site<00:07:29.639> of<00:07:29.800> Soviet<00:07:30.240> biological<00:07:30.879> weapons
a site of Soviet biological weapons
a site of Soviet biological weapons
testing<00:07:32.199> you<00:07:32.280> can<00:07:32.479> walk<00:07:32.759> there<00:07:33.039> today<00:07:34.039> weather
testing you can walk there today weather
testing you can walk there today weather
patterns<00:07:34.759> have<00:07:34.960> changed<00:07:35.520> 19<00:07:36.000> of<00:07:36.160> the<00:07:36.319> unique
patterns have changed 19 of the unique
patterns have changed 19 of the unique
20<00:07:37.319> fish<00:07:37.599> species<00:07:38.039> found<00:07:38.319> only<00:07:38.479> in<00:07:38.560> the<00:07:38.680> ARL
20 fish species found only in the ARL
20 fish species found only in the ARL
sea<00:07:39.199> are<00:07:39.360> now<00:07:39.560> wiped<00:07:39.840> off<00:07:40.039> the<00:07:40.160> face<00:07:40.360> of<00:07:40.520> the
sea are now wiped off the face of the
sea are now wiped off the face of the
Earth<00:07:41.560> this<00:07:41.680> is<00:07:41.800> an<00:07:42.000> environmental<00:07:42.599> disaster
Earth this is an environmental disaster
Earth this is an environmental disaster
r<00:07:43.520> large<00:07:44.479> but<00:07:44.639> let's<00:07:44.840> bring<00:07:45.039> it<00:07:45.240> home<00:07:46.039> this<00:07:46.159> is
r large but let's bring it home this is
r large but let's bring it home this is
a<00:07:46.400> picture<00:07:46.680> that<00:07:46.800> Al<00:07:47.039> Gore<00:07:47.240> gave<00:07:47.400> me<00:07:47.520> a<00:07:47.639> few
a picture that Al Gore gave me a few
a picture that Al Gore gave me a few
years<00:07:48.080> ago<00:07:48.720> that<00:07:48.840> he<00:07:48.960> took<00:07:49.199> when<00:07:49.319> he<00:07:49.440> was<00:07:49.560> in
years ago that he took when he was in
years ago that he took when he was in
the<00:07:49.759> Soviet<00:07:50.039> Union<00:07:50.280> a<00:07:50.400> long<00:07:50.599> long<00:07:50.840> time<00:07:51.039> ago
the Soviet Union a long long time ago
the Soviet Union a long long time ago
showing<00:07:52.080> the<00:07:52.240> fishing<00:07:52.599> fleets<00:07:53.000> of<00:07:53.120> the<00:07:53.199> AOL
showing the fishing fleets of the AOL
showing the fishing fleets of the AOL
sea<00:07:55.159> you<00:07:55.280> see<00:07:55.479> the<00:07:55.639> canal<00:07:56.080> they<00:07:56.240> dug<00:07:56.479> they're
sea you see the canal they dug they're
sea you see the canal they dug they're
so<00:07:57.000> desperate<00:07:57.400> to<00:07:57.520> try<00:07:57.720> to<00:07:57.879> kind<00:07:58.000> of<00:07:58.199> float<00:07:58.520> the
so desperate to try to kind of float the
so desperate to try to kind of float the
boats<00:07:58.879> into<00:07:59.039> the<00:07:59.240> remaining<00:07:59.560> pools<00:07:59.840> of<00:08:00.000> water
boats into the remaining pools of water
boats into the remaining pools of water
but<00:08:00.400> they<00:08:00.560> finally<00:08:00.879> had<00:08:01.000> to<00:08:01.240> give<00:08:01.400> up<00:08:02.080> because
but they finally had to give up because
but they finally had to give up because
the<00:08:02.479> peers<00:08:02.759> and<00:08:02.919> moing<00:08:03.440> simply<00:08:03.720> couldn't<00:08:04.039> keep
the peers and moing simply couldn't keep
the peers and moing simply couldn't keep
up<00:08:04.319> with<00:08:04.400> a<00:08:04.520> retreating<00:08:05.240> Shoreline<00:08:06.240> I<00:08:06.319> don't
up with a retreating Shoreline I don't
up with a retreating Shoreline I don't
know<00:08:06.639> about<00:08:06.800> you<00:08:06.960> but<00:08:07.080> I'm<00:08:07.240> terrified<00:08:07.759> that
know about you but I'm terrified that
know about you but I'm terrified that
future<00:08:08.280> archaeologists<00:08:08.960> will<00:08:09.159> dig<00:08:09.440> this<00:08:09.599> up
future archaeologists will dig this up
future archaeologists will dig this up
and<00:08:09.960> write<00:08:10.199> stories<00:08:10.599> about<00:08:10.800> our<00:08:11.000> time<00:08:11.159> in
and write stories about our time in
and write stories about our time in
history<00:08:11.680> and<00:08:11.759> wonder<00:08:12.080> what<00:08:12.199> were<00:08:12.360> you
history and wonder what were you
history and wonder what were you
thinking<00:08:13.879> well<00:08:14.120> that's<00:08:14.240> a<00:08:14.360> future<00:08:14.639> we<00:08:14.759> have<00:08:14.879> to
thinking well that's a future we have to
thinking well that's a future we have to
look<00:08:15.120> forward<00:08:15.440> to<00:08:16.440> we<00:08:16.599> already<00:08:16.919> use<00:08:17.199> about<00:08:17.479> 50%
look forward to we already use about 50%
look forward to we already use about 50%
of<00:08:18.120> the<00:08:18.240> Earth's<00:08:18.560> fresh<00:08:18.919> water<00:08:19.199> that's
of the Earth's fresh water that's
of the Earth's fresh water that's
sustainable<00:08:20.199> and<00:08:20.440> agriculture<00:08:21.080> alone<00:08:21.400> is<00:08:21.639> 70%
sustainable and agriculture alone is 70%
sustainable and agriculture alone is 70%
of<00:08:23.039> that<00:08:24.039> so<00:08:24.199> we<00:08:24.319> use<00:08:24.479> a<00:08:24.639> lot<00:08:24.759> of<00:08:25.080> water<00:08:25.680> a<00:08:25.800> lot
of that so we use a lot of water a lot
of that so we use a lot of water a lot
of<00:08:26.159> land<00:08:26.479> for<00:08:26.720> agriculture<00:08:27.280> we<00:08:27.440> also<00:08:27.759> use<00:08:27.919> a
of land for agriculture we also use a
of land for agriculture we also use a
lot<00:08:28.199> of<00:08:28.319> the<00:08:28.479> atmosphere<00:08:29.000> for<00:08:29.120> Agri<00:08:29.599> culture
lot of the atmosphere for Agri culture
lot of the atmosphere for Agri culture
usually<00:08:30.639> when<00:08:30.759> we<00:08:30.919> think<00:08:31.440> think<00:08:31.599> about<00:08:31.800> the
usually when we think think about the
usually when we think think about the
atmosphere<00:08:32.479> we<00:08:32.640> think<00:08:32.880> about<00:08:33.279> uh<00:08:33.479> climate
atmosphere we think about uh climate
atmosphere we think about uh climate
change<00:08:34.159> and<00:08:34.360> greenhouse<00:08:34.959> gases<00:08:35.279> and<00:08:35.479> mostly
change and greenhouse gases and mostly
change and greenhouse gases and mostly
around<00:08:36.279> energy<00:08:37.279> but<00:08:37.440> it<00:08:37.560> turns<00:08:37.800> out
around energy but it turns out
around energy but it turns out
agriculture<00:08:38.760> is<00:08:38.919> one<00:08:39.039> of<00:08:39.159> the<00:08:39.279> biggest
agriculture is one of the biggest
agriculture is one of the biggest
emitters<00:08:40.000> of<00:08:40.159> greenhouse<00:08:40.760> gases<00:08:41.159> too<00:08:42.080> if<00:08:42.159> you
emitters of greenhouse gases too if you
emitters of greenhouse gases too if you
look<00:08:42.440> at<00:08:42.680> carbon<00:08:43.080> dioxide<00:08:43.880> from<00:08:44.440> uh<00:08:44.560> burning
look at carbon dioxide from uh burning
look at carbon dioxide from uh burning
tropical<00:08:45.360> rainforest<00:08:46.320> or<00:08:46.560> methane<00:08:47.040> coming
tropical rainforest or methane coming
tropical rainforest or methane coming
from<00:08:47.560> cows<00:08:47.839> and<00:08:48.120> rice<00:08:48.800> or<00:08:49.040> nitrous<00:08:49.519> oxide<00:08:49.920> from
from cows and rice or nitrous oxide from
from cows and rice or nitrous oxide from
too<00:08:50.240> many<00:08:50.640> fertilizers<00:08:51.640> it<00:08:51.760> turns<00:08:52.000> out
too many fertilizers it turns out
too many fertilizers it turns out
agriculture<00:08:52.760> is<00:08:53.000> 30%<00:08:53.920> of<00:08:54.040> the<00:08:54.160> greenhouse
agriculture is 30% of the greenhouse
agriculture is 30% of the greenhouse
gases<00:08:55.080> going<00:08:55.320> into<00:08:55.519> the<00:08:55.680> atmosphere<00:08:56.200> from
gases going into the atmosphere from
gases going into the atmosphere from
human<00:08:56.760> activity<00:08:57.760> that's<00:08:58.000> more<00:08:58.240> than<00:08:58.360> all<00:08:58.519> our
human activity that's more than all our
human activity that's more than all our
transportation<00:08:59.640> it's<00:08:59.800> more<00:09:00.000> than<00:09:00.160> all<00:09:00.279> our
transportation it's more than all our
transportation it's more than all our
electricity<00:09:01.200> it's<00:09:01.360> more<00:09:01.560> than<00:09:01.800> all<00:09:02.000> other
electricity it's more than all other
electricity it's more than all other
Manufacturing<00:09:03.120> in<00:09:03.279> fact<00:09:04.000> it's<00:09:04.200> the<00:09:04.360> single
Manufacturing in fact it's the single
Manufacturing in fact it's the single
largest<00:09:05.680> emitter<00:09:06.040> of<00:09:06.160> greenhouse<00:09:06.640> gases<00:09:07.040> of
largest emitter of greenhouse gases of
largest emitter of greenhouse gases of
any<00:09:07.480> human<00:09:07.800> activity<00:09:08.160> in<00:09:08.279> the<00:09:08.440> world<00:09:09.440> and<00:09:09.560> yet
any human activity in the world and yet
any human activity in the world and yet
we<00:09:09.839> don't<00:09:10.120> talk<00:09:10.320> about<00:09:10.519> it<00:09:10.760> very<00:09:11.040> much<00:09:12.040> so<00:09:12.200> we
we don't talk about it very much so we
we don't talk about it very much so we
have<00:09:12.560> this<00:09:12.800> incredible<00:09:13.560> presence<00:09:13.959> today<00:09:14.279> of
have this incredible presence today of
have this incredible presence today of
Agriculture<00:09:15.399> dominating<00:09:15.880> our<00:09:16.079> planet
Agriculture dominating our planet
Agriculture dominating our planet
whether<00:09:17.079> it's<00:09:17.279> 40%<00:09:17.959> of<00:09:18.079> our<00:09:18.279> land<00:09:18.720> surface<00:09:19.519> 70%
whether it's 40% of our land surface 70%
whether it's 40% of our land surface 70%
of<00:09:20.320> the<00:09:20.480> water<00:09:20.800> we<00:09:20.959> use<00:09:21.680> 30%<00:09:22.279> of<00:09:22.399> our
of the water we use 30% of our
of the water we use 30% of our
greenhouse<00:09:23.040> gas<00:09:23.399> emissions<00:09:24.399> we've<00:09:24.680> doubled
greenhouse gas emissions we've doubled
greenhouse gas emissions we've doubled
the<00:09:25.200> flows<00:09:25.480> of<00:09:25.680> nitrogen<00:09:26.079> and<00:09:26.320> phosphorus
the flows of nitrogen and phosphorus
the flows of nitrogen and phosphorus
around<00:09:27.000> the<00:09:27.120> world<00:09:27.399> simply<00:09:27.760> by<00:09:27.920> using
around the world simply by using
around the world simply by using
fertilizers<00:09:29.399> causing<00:09:29.880> huge<00:09:30.240> problems<00:09:30.519> of
fertilizers causing huge problems of
fertilizers causing huge problems of
water<00:09:31.040> quality<00:09:31.440> from<00:09:31.720> rivers<00:09:32.120> lakes<00:09:32.399> and<00:09:32.600> even
water quality from rivers lakes and even
water quality from rivers lakes and even
oceans<00:09:33.839> and<00:09:33.959> it's<00:09:34.160> also<00:09:34.360> the<00:09:34.519> single<00:09:34.800> biggest
oceans and it's also the single biggest
oceans and it's also the single biggest
driver<00:09:35.440> of<00:09:35.560> biodiversity<00:09:36.560> loss<00:09:37.560> so<00:09:37.920> without<00:09:38.240> a
driver of biodiversity loss so without a
driver of biodiversity loss so without a
doubt<00:09:39.160> agriculture<00:09:39.760> is<00:09:39.959> the<00:09:40.200> single<00:09:40.880> most
doubt agriculture is the single most
doubt agriculture is the single most
powerful<00:09:41.880> force<00:09:42.320> unleashed<00:09:42.800> on<00:09:42.959> this<00:09:43.160> planet
powerful force unleashed on this planet
powerful force unleashed on this planet
since<00:09:43.760> the<00:09:43.880> end<00:09:44.040> of<00:09:44.160> the<00:09:44.279> Ice<00:09:44.560> Age<00:09:45.519> no<00:09:45.839> question
since the end of the Ice Age no question
since the end of the Ice Age no question
and<00:09:46.360> it<00:09:46.519> Rivals<00:09:47.040> climate<00:09:47.360> change<00:09:47.640> in
and it Rivals climate change in
and it Rivals climate change in
importance<00:09:48.839> and<00:09:48.959> they're<00:09:49.200> both<00:09:49.480> happening<00:09:49.880> at
importance and they're both happening at
importance and they're both happening at
the<00:09:50.160> same
the same
the same
time<00:09:52.000> but<00:09:52.200> what's<00:09:52.480> really<00:09:52.800> important<00:09:53.160> here<00:09:53.360> to
time but what's really important here to
time but what's really important here to
remember<00:09:54.120> is<00:09:54.279> that<00:09:54.440> it's<00:09:54.640> not<00:09:54.880> all<00:09:55.399> bad<00:09:55.720> it's
remember is that it's not all bad it's
remember is that it's not all bad it's
not<00:09:56.040> that<00:09:56.200> agriculture<00:09:56.720> is<00:09:56.800> a<00:09:57.000> bad<00:09:57.200> thing<00:09:57.399> in
not that agriculture is a bad thing in
not that agriculture is a bad thing in
fact<00:09:57.720> we<00:09:57.920> completely<00:09:58.560> depend<00:09:58.920> on<00:09:59.079> it
fact we completely depend on it
fact we completely depend on it
it's<00:10:00.160> not<00:10:00.560> optional<00:10:01.079> it's<00:10:01.320> not<00:10:01.480> a<00:10:01.680> luxury<00:10:02.079> it's
it's not optional it's not a luxury it's
it's not optional it's not a luxury it's
an<00:10:02.399> absolute<00:10:03.079> necessity<00:10:04.079> we<00:10:04.200> have<00:10:04.320> to<00:10:04.519> provide
an absolute necessity we have to provide
an absolute necessity we have to provide
food<00:10:05.360> and<00:10:05.519> feed<00:10:05.959> and<00:10:06.240> yeah<00:10:06.560> fiber<00:10:06.920> and<00:10:07.079> even
food and feed and yeah fiber and even
food and feed and yeah fiber and even
biofuels<00:10:08.279> to<00:10:08.519> something<00:10:08.839> like<00:10:09.079> seven<00:10:09.560> billion
biofuels to something like seven billion
biofuels to something like seven billion
people<00:10:10.240> in<00:10:10.360> the<00:10:10.440> world<00:10:10.839> today<00:10:11.839> and<00:10:12.040> if
people in the world today and if
people in the world today and if
anything<00:10:12.720> we're<00:10:12.880> going<00:10:13.000> to<00:10:13.160> have<00:10:13.360> the<00:10:13.519> demands
anything we're going to have the demands
anything we're going to have the demands
on<00:10:14.160> agriculture<00:10:14.880> increase<00:10:15.440> into<00:10:15.680> the<00:10:15.800> future
on agriculture increase into the future
on agriculture increase into the future
it's<00:10:16.640> not<00:10:16.760> going<00:10:16.880> to<00:10:17.040> go<00:10:17.240> away<00:10:17.519> it's<00:10:17.640> going<00:10:17.760> to
it's not going to go away it's going to
it's not going to go away it's going to
get<00:10:17.959> a<00:10:18.079> lot<00:10:18.279> bigger<00:10:19.120> mainly<00:10:19.480> because<00:10:19.720> of
get a lot bigger mainly because of
get a lot bigger mainly because of
growing<00:10:20.519> population<00:10:21.519> where<00:10:21.800> seven<00:10:22.200> billion
growing population where seven billion
growing population where seven billion
people<00:10:22.839> today<00:10:23.240> heading<00:10:23.519> towards<00:10:23.880> at<00:10:24.040> least<00:10:24.440> 9
people today heading towards at least 9
people today heading towards at least 9
probably<00:10:25.440> 9<00:10:25.680> and<00:10:25.800> a<00:10:25.959> half<00:10:26.320> before<00:10:26.560> we're<00:10:27.000> done
probably 9 and a half before we're done
probably 9 and a half before we're done
more<00:10:28.200> importantly<00:10:28.800> changing<00:10:29.519> diets<00:10:30.519> as<00:10:30.680> the
more importantly changing diets as the
more importantly changing diets as the
world<00:10:31.079> becomes<00:10:31.480> wealthier<00:10:32.120> as<00:10:32.240> well<00:10:32.399> as<00:10:32.560> more
world becomes wealthier as well as more
world becomes wealthier as well as more
populous<00:10:33.200> we're<00:10:33.360> seeing<00:10:33.760> increases<00:10:34.279> in
populous we're seeing increases in
populous we're seeing increases in
dietary<00:10:35.120> consumption<00:10:35.639> of<00:10:35.839> meat<00:10:36.320> which<00:10:36.519> take<00:10:36.720> a
dietary consumption of meat which take a
dietary consumption of meat which take a
lot<00:10:37.040> more<00:10:37.320> resources<00:10:37.839> than<00:10:37.959> a<00:10:38.120> vegetarian
lot more resources than a vegetarian
lot more resources than a vegetarian
diet<00:10:39.120> does<00:10:40.079> so<00:10:40.399> more<00:10:40.720> people<00:10:41.040> eating<00:10:41.480> more
diet does so more people eating more
diet does so more people eating more
stuff<00:10:42.440> and<00:10:42.639> richer<00:10:43.160> stuff<00:10:43.959> and<00:10:44.160> of<00:10:44.320> course
stuff and richer stuff and of course
stuff and richer stuff and of course
having<00:10:45.000> an<00:10:45.160> energy<00:10:45.560> crisis<00:10:45.959> at<00:10:46.120> the<00:10:46.240> same<00:10:46.600> time
having an energy crisis at the same time
having an energy crisis at the same time
where<00:10:47.120> we<00:10:47.279> have<00:10:47.399> to<00:10:47.639> replace<00:10:48.120> oil<00:10:48.839> with<00:10:49.040> other
where we have to replace oil with other
where we have to replace oil with other
energy<00:10:49.680> sources<00:10:50.200> that<00:10:50.320> will<00:10:50.519> ultimately<00:10:51.200> have
energy sources that will ultimately have
energy sources that will ultimately have
to<00:10:51.480> include<00:10:51.839> some<00:10:52.079> kinds<00:10:52.320> of<00:10:52.519> biofuels<00:10:53.040> and
to include some kinds of biofuels and
to include some kinds of biofuels and
bioenergy<00:10:53.920> sources<00:10:54.920> so<00:10:55.079> you<00:10:55.240> put<00:10:55.440> these
bioenergy sources so you put these
bioenergy sources so you put these
together<00:10:56.079> it's<00:10:56.360> really<00:10:56.600> hard<00:10:56.800> to<00:10:57.040> see<00:10:57.440> how
together it's really hard to see how
together it's really hard to see how
we're<00:10:57.760> going<00:10:57.839> to<00:10:58.160> get<00:10:58.279> to<00:10:58.440> the<00:10:58.560> rest<00:10:58.720> of<00:10:58.839> the
we're going to get to the rest of the
we're going to get to the rest of the
centur
centur
centur
without<00:11:00.320> at<00:11:00.480> least<00:11:01.040> doubling<00:11:01.600> Global
without at least doubling Global
without at least doubling Global
agricultural<00:11:03.000> production<00:11:04.000> well<00:11:04.120> how<00:11:04.240> are<00:11:04.320> we
agricultural production well how are we
agricultural production well how are we
going<00:11:04.519> to<00:11:04.680> do<00:11:04.880> this<00:11:05.160> how<00:11:05.279> are<00:11:05.399> we<00:11:05.480> going<00:11:05.600> to
going to do this how are we going to
going to do this how are we going to
double<00:11:06.240> Global<00:11:06.639> egg<00:11:06.920> production<00:11:07.880> around<00:11:08.160> the
double Global egg production around the
double Global egg production around the
world<00:11:09.279> well<00:11:09.440> we<00:11:09.560> could<00:11:09.720> try<00:11:09.880> to<00:11:10.079> farm<00:11:10.440> more
world well we could try to farm more
world well we could try to farm more
land<00:11:11.519> uh<00:11:11.639> this<00:11:11.720> is<00:11:11.800> an<00:11:11.959> analysis<00:11:12.440> we've<00:11:12.639> done
land uh this is an analysis we've done
land uh this is an analysis we've done
where<00:11:13.000> on<00:11:13.160> the<00:11:13.360> left<00:11:13.600> is<00:11:13.880> where<00:11:14.040> the<00:11:14.240> crops<00:11:14.560> are
where on the left is where the crops are
where on the left is where the crops are
today<00:11:15.880> on<00:11:16.040> the<00:11:16.279> right<00:11:16.519> is<00:11:16.720> where<00:11:16.959> they<00:11:17.200> could
today on the right is where they could
today on the right is where they could
be<00:11:17.760> based<00:11:18.040> on<00:11:18.320> soils<00:11:18.880> and<00:11:19.200> climate<00:11:20.000> assuming
be based on soils and climate assuming
be based on soils and climate assuming
climate<00:11:20.760> change<00:11:21.079> doesn't<00:11:21.399> disrupt<00:11:21.800> too<00:11:21.959> much
climate change doesn't disrupt too much
climate change doesn't disrupt too much
of<00:11:22.320> this<00:11:22.600> which<00:11:22.680> is<00:11:22.880> not<00:11:23.040> a<00:11:23.160> good<00:11:23.519> assumption
of this which is not a good assumption
of this which is not a good assumption
we<00:11:24.720> could<00:11:25.000> Farm<00:11:25.399> more<00:11:25.720> land<00:11:26.079> but<00:11:26.200> the<00:11:26.399> problem
we could Farm more land but the problem
we could Farm more land but the problem
is<00:11:26.920> the<00:11:27.200> remaining<00:11:27.519> lands<00:11:27.880> are<00:11:28.160> insensitive
is the remaining lands are insensitive
is the remaining lands are insensitive
areas<00:11:29.360> is<00:11:29.560> they<00:11:29.680> have<00:11:29.760> a<00:11:29.880> lot<00:11:30.000> of<00:11:30.200> biodiversity
areas is they have a lot of biodiversity
areas is they have a lot of biodiversity
a<00:11:31.120> lot<00:11:31.240> of<00:11:31.480> carbon<00:11:32.240> things<00:11:32.480> we<00:11:32.639> want<00:11:32.760> to
a lot of carbon things we want to
a lot of carbon things we want to
protect<00:11:34.120> so<00:11:34.320> we<00:11:34.519> could<00:11:34.760> grow<00:11:35.079> more<00:11:35.320> food<00:11:35.639> by
protect so we could grow more food by
protect so we could grow more food by
expanding<00:11:36.360> Farmland<00:11:37.000> but<00:11:37.120> we<00:11:37.360> better<00:11:37.680> not
expanding Farmland but we better not
expanding Farmland but we better not
because<00:11:38.600> it's<00:11:38.880> ecologically<00:11:39.639> very<00:11:39.880> very
because it's ecologically very very
because it's ecologically very very
dangerous<00:11:40.560> thing<00:11:40.720> to<00:11:41.200> do<00:11:42.200> instead<00:11:42.680> we<00:11:42.839> maybe
dangerous thing to do instead we maybe
dangerous thing to do instead we maybe
want<00:11:43.160> to<00:11:43.320> freeze<00:11:43.800> the<00:11:43.959> footprint<00:11:44.440> of
want to freeze the footprint of
want to freeze the footprint of
Agriculture<00:11:45.320> and<00:11:45.480> farm<00:11:45.800> the<00:11:45.920> lands<00:11:46.360> we<00:11:46.639> have
Agriculture and farm the lands we have
Agriculture and farm the lands we have
better<00:11:48.279> this<00:11:48.360> is<00:11:48.560> work<00:11:48.760> that<00:11:48.839> we're<00:11:49.040> doing<00:11:49.240> to
better this is work that we're doing to
better this is work that we're doing to
try<00:11:49.600> to<00:11:49.800> highlight<00:11:50.279> places<00:11:50.600> in<00:11:50.720> the<00:11:50.839> world
try to highlight places in the world
try to highlight places in the world
where<00:11:51.279> we<00:11:51.399> could<00:11:51.639> improve<00:11:52.279> yields<00:11:53.279> without
where we could improve yields without
where we could improve yields without
harming<00:11:54.040> the<00:11:54.360> environment<00:11:55.360> the<00:11:55.519> green<00:11:55.880> areas
harming the environment the green areas
harming the environment the green areas
here<00:11:56.519> show<00:11:56.839> where<00:11:57.079> corn<00:11:57.440> yields<00:11:57.959> just<00:11:58.079> showing
here show where corn yields just showing
here show where corn yields just showing
corn<00:11:58.680> as<00:11:58.760> an<00:11:58.920> example
corn as an example
corn as an example
are<00:12:00.160> already<00:12:00.600> really<00:12:00.959> high<00:12:01.279> probably<00:12:01.560> the
are already really high probably the
are already really high probably the
maximum<00:12:02.200> you<00:12:02.320> could<00:12:02.519> find<00:12:02.720> on<00:12:02.880> Earth<00:12:03.160> today
maximum you could find on Earth today
maximum you could find on Earth today
for<00:12:03.760> that<00:12:04.000> climate<00:12:04.360> and<00:12:04.560> soil<00:12:05.480> but<00:12:05.639> the<00:12:05.800> brown
for that climate and soil but the brown
for that climate and soil but the brown
areas<00:12:06.480> and<00:12:06.639> yellow<00:12:06.920> areas<00:12:07.240> are<00:12:07.399> places<00:12:07.639> where
areas and yellow areas are places where
areas and yellow areas are places where
we're<00:12:07.920> only<00:12:08.120> getting<00:12:08.360> maybe<00:12:08.639> 20<00:12:09.000> or<00:12:09.200> 30%<00:12:09.880> of
we're only getting maybe 20 or 30% of
we're only getting maybe 20 or 30% of
the<00:12:10.079> yield<00:12:10.399> you<00:12:10.480> should<00:12:10.680> be<00:12:10.800> able<00:12:10.959> to<00:12:11.160> get<00:12:11.720> you
the yield you should be able to get you
the yield you should be able to get you
see<00:12:12.079> a<00:12:12.160> lot<00:12:12.279> of<00:12:12.399> this<00:12:12.560> in<00:12:12.760> Africa<00:12:13.240> even<00:12:13.440> Latin
see a lot of this in Africa even Latin
see a lot of this in Africa even Latin
America<00:12:14.040> but<00:12:14.199> interestingly<00:12:14.800> Eastern<00:12:15.320> Europe
America but interestingly Eastern Europe
America but interestingly Eastern Europe
where<00:12:16.399> Soviet<00:12:16.760> Union<00:12:17.079> and<00:12:17.240> Eastern<00:12:17.519> block
where Soviet Union and Eastern block
where Soviet Union and Eastern block
countries<00:12:18.160> used<00:12:18.399> to<00:12:18.519> be<00:12:18.800> is<00:12:19.000> still<00:12:19.279> a<00:12:19.480> mess
countries used to be is still a mess
countries used to be is still a mess
agriculturally<00:12:21.360> now<00:12:21.519> this<00:12:21.680> would<00:12:21.959> require
agriculturally now this would require
agriculturally now this would require
nutrients<00:12:23.240> and<00:12:23.560> water<00:12:24.000> it's<00:12:24.120> going<00:12:24.240> to<00:12:24.399> either
nutrients and water it's going to either
nutrients and water it's going to either
be<00:12:24.800> organic<00:12:25.320> or<00:12:25.560> conventional<00:12:26.120> or<00:12:26.320> some<00:12:26.519> mix
be organic or conventional or some mix
be organic or conventional or some mix
of<00:12:26.880> the<00:12:27.000> two<00:12:27.199> to<00:12:27.360> deliver<00:12:27.760> that<00:12:27.959> plants<00:12:28.279> need
of the two to deliver that plants need
of the two to deliver that plants need
water<00:12:28.680> and<00:12:28.800> nutrients
water and nutrients
water and nutrients
but<00:12:30.040> we<00:12:30.160> can<00:12:30.399> do<00:12:30.600> this<00:12:30.760> and<00:12:30.880> there<00:12:30.959> are
but we can do this and there are
but we can do this and there are
opportunities<00:12:31.720> to<00:12:31.920> make<00:12:32.120> this<00:12:32.399> work<00:12:33.399> but<00:12:33.519> we
opportunities to make this work but we
opportunities to make this work but we
have<00:12:33.800> to<00:12:34.000> do<00:12:34.120> it<00:12:34.240> in<00:12:34.320> a<00:12:34.519> way<00:12:34.680> that<00:12:34.800> is<00:12:34.959> sensitive
have to do it in a way that is sensitive
have to do it in a way that is sensitive
to<00:12:35.680> meeting<00:12:36.000> the<00:12:36.160> food<00:12:36.480> security<00:12:37.079> needs<00:12:37.320> of
to meeting the food security needs of
to meeting the food security needs of
the<00:12:37.560> future<00:12:38.320> and<00:12:38.680> the<00:12:38.880> environmental
the future and the environmental
the future and the environmental
security<00:12:39.920> needs<00:12:40.160> of<00:12:40.279> the<00:12:40.399> future<00:12:41.320> we<00:12:41.480> have<00:12:41.600> to
security needs of the future we have to
security needs of the future we have to
figure<00:12:42.120> out<00:12:42.480> how<00:12:42.600> to<00:12:42.839> make<00:12:43.079> this<00:12:43.360> tradeoff
figure out how to make this tradeoff
figure out how to make this tradeoff
between<00:12:44.399> growing<00:12:44.839> food<00:12:45.320> and<00:12:45.480> having<00:12:45.800> healthy
between growing food and having healthy
between growing food and having healthy
environment<00:12:46.800> work<00:12:47.240> better<00:12:48.240> right<00:12:48.440> now<00:12:48.639> it's
environment work better right now it's
environment work better right now it's
kind<00:12:48.959> of<00:12:49.040> an<00:12:49.199> All<00:12:49.399> or<00:12:49.600> Nothing<00:12:49.959> proposition<00:12:50.440> we
kind of an All or Nothing proposition we
kind of an All or Nothing proposition we
can<00:12:50.720> grow<00:12:51.079> food<00:12:51.560> in<00:12:51.680> the<00:12:51.880> background<00:12:52.399> that's<00:12:52.519> a
can grow food in the background that's a
can grow food in the background that's a
soybean<00:12:53.279> field<00:12:54.240> and<00:12:54.360> in<00:12:54.560> this<00:12:54.760> flower<00:12:55.199> diagram
soybean field and in this flower diagram
soybean field and in this flower diagram
it<00:12:55.720> shows<00:12:56.000> we<00:12:56.120> grow<00:12:56.320> a<00:12:56.440> lot<00:12:56.560> of<00:12:56.760> food<00:12:57.399> but<00:12:57.519> we
it shows we grow a lot of food but we
it shows we grow a lot of food but we
don't<00:12:57.800> have<00:12:57.920> a<00:12:58.040> lot<00:12:58.120> of<00:12:58.279> clean<00:12:58.600> water<00:12:59.279> not
don't have a lot of clean water not
don't have a lot of clean water not
storing<00:12:59.720> a<00:12:59.800> lot<00:12:59.920> of<00:13:00.120> carbon<00:13:00.519> we<00:13:00.639> don't<00:13:00.800> have<00:13:00.920> a
storing a lot of carbon we don't have a
storing a lot of carbon we don't have a
lot<00:13:01.160> of<00:13:01.720> biodiversity<00:13:02.720> in<00:13:02.839> the<00:13:02.959> foreground<00:13:03.480> we
lot of biodiversity in the foreground we
lot of biodiversity in the foreground we
have<00:13:03.760> this<00:13:03.959> Prairie<00:13:04.480> that's<00:13:04.839> wonderful<00:13:05.360> from
have this Prairie that's wonderful from
have this Prairie that's wonderful from
the<00:13:05.639> environmental<00:13:06.279> side<00:13:06.560> but<00:13:06.720> you<00:13:06.839> can't<00:13:07.079> eat
the environmental side but you can't eat
the environmental side but you can't eat
anything<00:13:08.000> what's<00:13:08.240> there<00:13:08.399> to<00:13:08.560> eat<00:13:09.399> we<00:13:09.519> need<00:13:09.639> to
anything what's there to eat we need to
anything what's there to eat we need to
figure<00:13:10.000> out<00:13:10.199> how<00:13:10.279> to<00:13:10.480> bring<00:13:11.040> both<00:13:11.199> of<00:13:11.399> those
figure out how to bring both of those
figure out how to bring both of those
together<00:13:12.680> into<00:13:12.920> a<00:13:13.120> new<00:13:13.399> kind<00:13:13.560> of<00:13:13.800> Agriculture
together into a new kind of Agriculture
together into a new kind of Agriculture
that<00:13:14.680> brings<00:13:15.000> them<00:13:15.199> all<00:13:15.560> together<00:13:16.399> now<00:13:16.519> when<00:13:16.639> I
that brings them all together now when I
that brings them all together now when I
talk<00:13:17.000> about<00:13:17.240> this<00:13:17.480> people<00:13:17.800> often<00:13:18.040> tell<00:13:18.240> me
talk about this people often tell me
talk about this people often tell me
well<00:13:18.639> isn't<00:13:19.360> blank<00:13:19.920> the<00:13:20.079> answer<00:13:20.639> organic<00:13:21.240> food
well isn't blank the answer organic food
well isn't blank the answer organic food
local<00:13:22.320> food<00:13:23.160> GMOs<00:13:24.160> new<00:13:24.399> trade<00:13:24.800> subsidies<00:13:25.440> new
local food GMOs new trade subsidies new
local food GMOs new trade subsidies new
Farm<00:13:25.920> bills<00:13:26.839> and<00:13:27.160> yeah<00:13:27.399> we<00:13:27.560> we<00:13:27.680> have<00:13:27.800> a<00:13:27.920> lot<00:13:28.040> of
Farm bills and yeah we we have a lot of
Farm bills and yeah we we have a lot of
good<00:13:28.360> ideas<00:13:28.720> here<00:13:28.839> but<00:13:29.240> not<00:13:29.600> any<00:13:29.880> one<00:13:30.079> of<00:13:30.279> these
good ideas here but not any one of these
good ideas here but not any one of these
is<00:13:30.680> a<00:13:30.920> silver<00:13:31.320> bullet<00:13:32.240> in<00:13:32.360> fact<00:13:32.560> what<00:13:32.680> I<00:13:32.800> think
is a silver bullet in fact what I think
is a silver bullet in fact what I think
they<00:13:33.040> are<00:13:33.240> is<00:13:33.360> more<00:13:33.600> like<00:13:33.800> silver<00:13:34.279> Buckshot
they are is more like silver Buckshot
they are is more like silver Buckshot
and<00:13:35.480> I<00:13:35.680> love<00:13:35.959> silver<00:13:36.320> Buckshot<00:13:36.880> you<00:13:37.079> put<00:13:37.199> it
and I love silver Buckshot you put it
and I love silver Buckshot you put it
together<00:13:37.680> and<00:13:37.800> you've<00:13:38.000> got<00:13:38.240> something<00:13:38.639> really
together and you've got something really
together and you've got something really
powerful<00:13:39.839> but<00:13:39.959> we<00:13:40.079> need<00:13:40.240> to<00:13:40.399> put<00:13:40.560> them
powerful but we need to put them
powerful but we need to put them
together<00:13:42.240> so<00:13:42.440> what<00:13:42.600> we<00:13:42.760> have<00:13:42.880> to<00:13:43.079> do<00:13:43.360> I<00:13:43.440> think
together so what we have to do I think
together so what we have to do I think
is<00:13:43.839> invent<00:13:44.120> a<00:13:44.320> new<00:13:44.600> kind<00:13:44.760> of<00:13:45.120> Agriculture<00:13:46.120> that
is invent a new kind of Agriculture that
is invent a new kind of Agriculture that
blends<00:13:46.680> the<00:13:46.920> best<00:13:47.279> ideas<00:13:47.800> of<00:13:48.000> commercial
blends the best ideas of commercial
blends the best ideas of commercial
agriculture<00:13:49.000> in<00:13:49.120> the<00:13:49.240> Green<00:13:49.680> Revolution<00:13:50.680> with
agriculture in the Green Revolution with
agriculture in the Green Revolution with
the<00:13:51.079> best<00:13:51.360> ideas<00:13:51.639> of<00:13:51.839> organic<00:13:52.279> farming<00:13:52.639> and
the best ideas of organic farming and
the best ideas of organic farming and
local<00:13:53.240> food<00:13:53.920> and<00:13:54.079> the<00:13:54.240> best<00:13:54.480> ideas<00:13:54.759> of
local food and the best ideas of
local food and the best ideas of
environmental<00:13:55.519> cons<00:13:56.000> um<00:13:56.399> conservation<00:13:57.399> not
environmental cons um conservation not
environmental cons um conservation not
to<00:13:57.680> have<00:13:57.839> them<00:13:58.040> fighting<00:13:58.440> each<00:13:58.600> other<00:13:58.880> but<00:13:59.199> to
to have them fighting each other but to
to have them fighting each other but to
have<00:13:59.440> them<00:13:59.680> collaborating<00:14:00.600> together<00:14:01.279> to<00:14:01.440> form
have them collaborating together to form
have them collaborating together to form
a<00:14:01.880> new<00:14:02.120> kind<00:14:02.279> of<00:14:02.480> Agriculture<00:14:03.120> something<00:14:03.440> I
a new kind of Agriculture something I
a new kind of Agriculture something I
call<00:14:03.880> Terra<00:14:04.320> culture<00:14:05.120> or<00:14:05.320> farming<00:14:05.880> for<00:14:06.079> a
call Terra culture or farming for a
call Terra culture or farming for a
whole<00:14:06.839> planet<00:14:07.839> now<00:14:08.120> having<00:14:08.360> this<00:14:08.519> kind<00:14:08.639> of
whole planet now having this kind of
whole planet now having this kind of
conversation<00:14:09.399> has<00:14:09.560> been<00:14:09.880> really<00:14:10.240> hard<00:14:10.600> and
conversation has been really hard and
conversation has been really hard and
we've<00:14:10.880> been<00:14:11.000> trying<00:14:11.320> very<00:14:11.519> hard<00:14:11.680> to<00:14:11.800> bring
we've been trying very hard to bring
we've been trying very hard to bring
these<00:14:12.320> key<00:14:12.519> points<00:14:12.839> to<00:14:13.040> people<00:14:13.600> to<00:14:13.800> reduce<00:14:14.160> the
these key points to people to reduce the
these key points to people to reduce the
controversy<00:14:15.079> to<00:14:15.240> increase<00:14:15.639> the
controversy to increase the
controversy to increase the
collaboration<00:14:16.880> I<00:14:16.959> want<00:14:17.079> to<00:14:17.199> show<00:14:17.360> you<00:14:17.480> a<00:14:17.600> short
collaboration I want to show you a short
collaboration I want to show you a short
video<00:14:18.279> that<00:14:18.600> does<00:14:18.839> kind<00:14:18.959> of<00:14:19.079> show<00:14:19.279> our<00:14:19.440> efforts
video that does kind of show our efforts
video that does kind of show our efforts
right<00:14:19.920> now<00:14:20.040> to<00:14:20.160> bring<00:14:20.399> these<00:14:20.560> SS<00:14:21.040> together
right now to bring these SS together
right now to bring these SS together
into<00:14:21.880> a<00:14:22.000> single<00:14:22.639> conversation<00:14:23.639> so<00:14:23.800> let<00:14:23.880> me
into a single conversation so let me
into a single conversation so let me
show<00:14:24.199> you<00:14:24.440> that
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
w
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
oh
oh
oh
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Music]
a
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Music]
is<00:17:11.079> that<00:17:11.280> we<00:17:11.480> face<00:17:11.919> one<00:17:12.039> of<00:17:12.160> the<00:17:12.400> greatest
is that we face one of the greatest
is that we face one of the greatest
Grand<00:17:13.319> challenges<00:17:13.839> in<00:17:14.079> all<00:17:14.240> of<00:17:14.400> human<00:17:14.679> history
Grand challenges in all of human history
Grand challenges in all of human history
today<00:17:16.039> the<00:17:16.199> need<00:17:16.439> to<00:17:16.600> feed<00:17:17.039> n<00:17:17.439> billion<00:17:17.880> people
today the need to feed n billion people
today the need to feed n billion people
and<00:17:18.799> do<00:17:19.039> so<00:17:19.600> sustainably<00:17:20.240> and<00:17:20.480> equitably<00:17:21.039> and
and do so sustainably and equitably and
and do so sustainably and equitably and
justly<00:17:22.319> at<00:17:22.480> the<00:17:22.600> same<00:17:22.959> time<00:17:23.319> protecting<00:17:23.679> our
justly at the same time protecting our
justly at the same time protecting our
planet<00:17:24.240> for<00:17:24.600> this<00:17:24.839> and<00:17:25.079> future<00:17:25.760> Generations
planet for this and future Generations
planet for this and future Generations
this<00:17:26.880> is<00:17:27.000> going<00:17:27.079> to<00:17:27.199> be<00:17:27.319> one<00:17:27.400> of<00:17:27.520> the<00:17:27.640> hardest
this is going to be one of the hardest
this is going to be one of the hardest
things<00:17:28.280> we<00:17:28.480> ever<00:17:29.080> done<00:17:29.240> in<00:17:29.400> human<00:17:29.720> history<00:17:30.200> and
things we ever done in human history and
things we ever done in human history and
we<00:17:31.080> absolutely<00:17:32.080> have<00:17:32.240> to<00:17:32.520> get<00:17:32.600> it<00:17:32.919> right<00:17:33.720> and
we absolutely have to get it right and
we absolutely have to get it right and
we<00:17:34.080> have<00:17:34.200> to<00:17:34.400> get<00:17:34.520> it<00:17:34.840> right<00:17:35.440> on<00:17:35.600> our<00:17:35.919> first<00:17:36.440> and
we have to get it right on our first and
we have to get it right on our first and
only<00:17:37.240> try<00:17:38.240> so<00:17:38.480> thanks<00:17:38.799> very<00:17:39.000> much
Jonathan Foley, terraculture, agriculture, climate, change, global, warming, TED-Ed, TED, TEDx, TEDxTC, TEDEducation, TED, Ed
