The lost art of democratic debate - Michael Sandel
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one<00:00:17.600> thing<00:00:17.760> the<00:00:17.920> world<00:00:18.240> needs<00:00:18.720> one<00:00:18.920> thing<00:00:19.240> this
one thing the world needs one thing this
one thing the world needs one thing this
country<00:00:20.039> desperately<00:00:20.640> needs<00:00:21.640> is<00:00:21.800> a<00:00:22.080> better
country desperately needs is a better
country desperately needs is a better
way<00:00:22.880> of<00:00:23.160> conducting<00:00:23.720> our<00:00:24.080> political<00:00:24.840> debates
way of conducting our political debates
way of conducting our political debates
we<00:00:25.960> need<00:00:26.160> to<00:00:26.599> ReDiscover<00:00:27.599> the<00:00:27.840> Lost<00:00:28.400> Art<00:00:28.840> of
we need to ReDiscover the Lost Art of
we need to ReDiscover the Lost Art of
democratic<00:00:29.599> argument
if<00:00:33.239> you
think<00:00:36.840> if<00:00:36.960> you<00:00:37.120> think<00:00:37.320> about<00:00:37.559> the<00:00:37.719> arguments
think if you think about the arguments
think if you think about the arguments
we<00:00:38.640> have<00:00:38.960> most<00:00:39.160> of<00:00:39.320> the<00:00:39.520> time<00:00:39.840> It's<00:00:40.440> Shouting
we have most of the time It's Shouting
we have most of the time It's Shouting
matches<00:00:41.520> on<00:00:41.840> cable<00:00:42.440> television<00:00:43.440> ideological
matches on cable television ideological
matches on cable television ideological
food<00:00:44.600> fights<00:00:45.200> on<00:00:45.360> the<00:00:45.440> floor<00:00:45.719> of
food fights on the floor of
food fights on the floor of
Congress<00:00:48.000> I<00:00:48.120> have<00:00:48.239> a
Congress I have a
Congress I have a
suggestion<00:00:50.160> look<00:00:50.320> at<00:00:50.600> all<00:00:50.840> of<00:00:51.120> the<00:00:51.960> arguments
suggestion look at all of the arguments
suggestion look at all of the arguments
we<00:00:52.760> have<00:00:53.000> these<00:00:53.239> days<00:00:53.559> over<00:00:54.199> healthare<00:00:55.199> over
we have these days over healthare over
we have these days over healthare over
bonuses<00:00:56.079> and<00:00:56.280> bailouts<00:00:56.879> on<00:00:57.079> Wall<00:00:57.680> Street<00:00:58.680> over
bonuses and bailouts on Wall Street over
bonuses and bailouts on Wall Street over
the<00:00:59.160> gap<00:00:59.440> between<00:01:00.160> rich<00:01:00.359> and<00:01:00.600> poor<00:01:01.079> over
the gap between rich and poor over
the gap between rich and poor over
affirmative<00:01:02.039> action<00:01:02.879> and<00:01:03.120> same-sex<00:01:03.760> marriage
affirmative action and same-sex marriage
affirmative action and same-sex marriage
lying<00:01:05.040> just<00:01:05.360> beneath<00:01:05.799> the
lying just beneath the
lying just beneath the
surface<00:01:07.640> of<00:01:07.960> those<00:01:08.560> arguments<00:01:09.560> with<00:01:09.920> passions
surface of those arguments with passions
surface of those arguments with passions
raging<00:01:10.880> on<00:01:11.080> all<00:01:11.520> sides<00:01:12.520> are<00:01:12.920> big
raging on all sides are big
raging on all sides are big
questions<00:01:14.960> of<00:01:15.200> moral<00:01:15.920> philosophy<00:01:16.920> big
questions of moral philosophy big
questions of moral philosophy big
questions<00:01:17.640> of<00:01:18.360> justice<00:01:19.360> but<00:01:19.560> we<00:01:19.799> too
questions of justice but we too
questions of justice but we too
rarely<00:01:22.119> articulate<00:01:23.119> and<00:01:23.720> defend<00:01:24.720> and<00:01:25.000> argue
rarely articulate and defend and argue
rarely articulate and defend and argue
about<00:01:26.360> those<00:01:26.840> big<00:01:27.240> moral<00:01:27.720> questions<00:01:28.560> in<00:01:28.720> our
about those big moral questions in our
about those big moral questions in our
politics<00:01:29.439> so<00:01:29.600> what<00:01:29.759> I<00:01:30.040> would<00:01:30.159> like<00:01:30.320> to<00:01:30.439> do
politics so what I would like to do
politics so what I would like to do
today<00:01:31.960> is<00:01:32.200> have<00:01:32.439> something<00:01:32.799> of<00:01:32.920> a
today is have something of a
today is have something of a
discussion<00:01:34.920> first<00:01:35.680> let<00:01:35.840> me<00:01:36.079> take<00:01:36.360> a<00:01:36.600> famous
discussion first let me take a famous
discussion first let me take a famous
philosopher<00:01:38.600> who<00:01:38.799> wrote<00:01:39.159> about<00:01:39.520> those
philosopher who wrote about those
philosopher who wrote about those
questions<00:01:40.280> of<00:01:40.560> justice<00:01:41.079> and<00:01:41.479> morality<00:01:42.479> give
questions of justice and morality give
questions of justice and morality give
you<00:01:42.799> a<00:01:43.079> very<00:01:43.360> short<00:01:43.960> lecture<00:01:44.960> on<00:01:45.520> Aristotle<00:01:46.320> of
you a very short lecture on Aristotle of
you a very short lecture on Aristotle of
ancient<00:01:46.920> Athens<00:01:47.479> Aristotle's<00:01:48.240> theory<00:01:48.520> of
ancient Athens Aristotle's theory of
ancient Athens Aristotle's theory of
justice<00:01:49.920> and<00:01:50.040> then<00:01:50.240> have<00:01:50.360> a<00:01:50.600> discussion<00:01:51.320> here
justice and then have a discussion here
justice and then have a discussion here
to<00:01:52.320> see<00:01:52.640> whether<00:01:53.360> Aristotle's<00:01:54.240> ideas
to see whether Aristotle's ideas
to see whether Aristotle's ideas
actually<00:01:55.880> inform<00:01:56.880> the<00:01:57.039> way<00:01:57.240> we<00:01:57.439> think<00:01:57.680> and
actually inform the way we think and
actually inform the way we think and
argue<00:01:58.719> about<00:01:59.119> questions<00:01:59.560> today<00:02:00.240> today<00:02:01.240> so<00:02:01.479> you
argue about questions today today so you
argue about questions today today so you
ready<00:02:01.840> for<00:02:02.000> the
lecture<00:02:05.520> According<00:02:05.920> to<00:02:06.600> Aristotle<00:02:07.640> Justice
lecture According to Aristotle Justice
lecture According to Aristotle Justice
Means<00:02:09.080> giving<00:02:09.479> people<00:02:09.879> what<00:02:10.039> they
deserve<00:02:13.360> that's<00:02:13.920> that's<00:02:14.160> it<00:02:14.400> that's<00:02:14.760> the
lecture<00:02:18.120> now<00:02:18.239> you<00:02:18.360> may<00:02:18.560> say<00:02:18.760> well<00:02:18.959> that's
lecture now you may say well that's
lecture now you may say well that's
obvious<00:02:19.720> enough<00:02:20.040> the<00:02:20.160> real<00:02:20.519> questions<00:02:21.160> begin
obvious enough the real questions begin
obvious enough the real questions begin
when<00:02:22.319> it<00:02:22.519> comes<00:02:22.760> to<00:02:23.080> arguing<00:02:23.599> about<00:02:24.360> who
when it comes to arguing about who
when it comes to arguing about who
deserves<00:02:25.319> what<00:02:26.280> and
deserves what and
deserves what and
why<00:02:28.360> take<00:02:28.599> the<00:02:28.760> example<00:02:29.160> of<00:02:29.319> flutes<00:02:30.280> suppose
why take the example of flutes suppose
why take the example of flutes suppose
we're<00:02:31.080> Distributing<00:02:32.080> flutes<00:02:32.959> who<00:02:33.080> should<00:02:33.319> get
we're Distributing flutes who should get
we're Distributing flutes who should get
the<00:02:33.680> best
the best
the best
ones<00:02:35.440> let's<00:02:35.640> see<00:02:35.879> what<00:02:36.760> people<00:02:37.200> what<00:02:37.480> what
ones let's see what people what what
ones let's see what people what what
would<00:02:37.720> you<00:02:38.040> say<00:02:38.800> who<00:02:38.959> should<00:02:39.200> get<00:02:39.400> the<00:02:39.640> best
would you say who should get the best
would you say who should get the best
flute<00:02:42.280> you<00:02:42.400> can<00:02:42.599> just<00:02:42.800> call<00:02:43.000> it<00:02:43.159> out<00:02:43.840> random<00:02:44.840> at
flute you can just call it out random at
flute you can just call it out random at
random<00:02:45.519> you<00:02:45.599> would<00:02:45.760> do<00:02:45.959> it<00:02:46.080> by
random you would do it by
random you would do it by
lottery<00:02:47.920> or<00:02:48.040> by<00:02:48.200> the<00:02:48.360> first<00:02:48.640> person<00:02:48.879> to<00:02:49.040> rush
lottery or by the first person to rush
lottery or by the first person to rush
into<00:02:49.560> the<00:02:49.720> Hall<00:02:50.080> to<00:02:50.280> get
into the Hall to get
into the Hall to get
them<00:02:52.519> who<00:02:53.200> else<00:02:54.200> best<00:02:54.360> flute<00:02:54.640> players<00:02:55.080> the
them who else best flute players the
them who else best flute players the
best<00:02:55.360> flute<00:02:55.720> players<00:02:56.519> the<00:02:56.720> worst<00:02:57.000> flute
best flute players the worst flute
best flute players the worst flute
players<00:02:57.680> the<00:02:57.800> worst<00:02:58.120> flute<00:02:58.519> players<00:03:00.000> how<00:03:00.120> many
players the worst flute players how many
players the worst flute players how many
uh<00:03:00.959> say<00:03:01.239> the<00:03:01.360> best<00:03:01.519> flute
players<00:03:05.400> why<00:03:06.400> why<00:03:06.560> should<00:03:06.799> the<00:03:06.959> best<00:03:07.159> flute
players why why should the best flute
players why why should the best flute
actually<00:03:07.959> that<00:03:08.080> was<00:03:08.319> Aristotle's<00:03:09.080> answer
actually that was Aristotle's answer
actually that was Aristotle's answer
too<00:03:12.040> but<00:03:12.200> here's<00:03:12.400> a<00:03:12.560> harder<00:03:13.200> question<00:03:14.400> why<00:03:15.400> do
too but here's a harder question why do
too but here's a harder question why do
you<00:03:15.840> think<00:03:16.440> those<00:03:16.599> of<00:03:16.760> you<00:03:16.920> who<00:03:17.080> voted<00:03:17.519> this
you think those of you who voted this
you think those of you who voted this
way<00:03:18.400> that<00:03:18.560> the<00:03:18.760> best<00:03:18.959> flute<00:03:19.319> should<00:03:19.519> go<00:03:19.640> to<00:03:19.799> the
way that the best flute should go to the
way that the best flute should go to the
best<00:03:20.080> flute<00:03:20.480> players<00:03:21.480> who's<00:03:22.040> greatest<00:03:22.959> to<00:03:23.159> all
best flute players who's greatest to all
best flute players who's greatest to all
the<00:03:23.480> greatest<00:03:23.920> benefit<00:03:24.360> to<00:03:24.599> all<00:03:25.560> we'll<00:03:25.840> hear
the greatest benefit to all we'll hear
the greatest benefit to all we'll hear
better<00:03:26.519> music<00:03:26.959> if<00:03:27.120> the<00:03:27.280> best<00:03:27.480> flute<00:03:27.840> should<00:03:28.040> go
better music if the best flute should go
better music if the best flute should go
to<00:03:28.360> the<00:03:28.519> best<00:03:29.200> flute<00:03:29.560> place
to the best flute place
to the best flute place
that's<00:03:30.959> Peter<00:03:31.840> Peter<00:03:32.720> all<00:03:33.080> right
that's Peter Peter all right
that's Peter Peter all right
well<00:03:35.959> it's<00:03:36.120> a<00:03:36.319> good<00:03:36.560> reason<00:03:37.120> we'll<00:03:37.319> all<00:03:37.480> be
well it's a good reason we'll all be
well it's a good reason we'll all be
better<00:03:37.959> off<00:03:38.200> if<00:03:38.439> good<00:03:38.680> music<00:03:39.000> is<00:03:39.239> played
better off if good music is played
better off if good music is played
rather<00:03:39.840> than<00:03:40.080> terrible
rather than terrible
rather than terrible
music<00:03:43.239> but<00:03:44.239> Peter<00:03:44.640> Aristotle<00:03:45.360> doesn't<00:03:46.239> agree
music but Peter Aristotle doesn't agree
music but Peter Aristotle doesn't agree
with<00:03:46.720> you<00:03:46.920> that<00:03:47.120> that's<00:03:47.319> the<00:03:47.519> reason<00:03:48.519> that's
with you that that's the reason that's
with you that that's the reason that's
all<00:03:49.200> right<00:03:50.200> Aristotle<00:03:50.879> had<00:03:51.000> a<00:03:51.200> different
all right Aristotle had a different
all right Aristotle had a different
reason<00:03:52.159> for<00:03:52.360> saying<00:03:52.599> the<00:03:52.760> best<00:03:52.959> flutes<00:03:53.319> should
reason for saying the best flutes should
reason for saying the best flutes should
go<00:03:53.599> to<00:03:53.799> the<00:03:53.920> best<00:03:54.079> flute<00:03:54.439> players<00:03:55.239> he
go to the best flute players he
go to the best flute players he
said<00:03:57.280> that's<00:03:57.480> what<00:03:57.640> flutes<00:03:58.040> are<00:03:58.720> for<00:03:59.799> to<00:03:59.920> be
said that's what flutes are for to be
said that's what flutes are for to be
played<00:04:01.000> well<00:04:02.000> he<00:04:02.159> says<00:04:02.519> that<00:04:02.680> to<00:04:03.400> reason<00:04:03.920> about
played well he says that to reason about
played well he says that to reason about
just<00:04:05.200> distribution<00:04:05.959> of<00:04:06.079> a
just distribution of a
just distribution of a
thing<00:04:08.000> we<00:04:08.280> have<00:04:08.480> to<00:04:09.319> reason<00:04:09.879> about<00:04:10.200> and
thing we have to reason about and
thing we have to reason about and
sometimes<00:04:11.079> argue<00:04:11.519> about<00:04:12.200> the<00:04:12.439> purpose<00:04:13.319> of<00:04:13.439> the
sometimes argue about the purpose of the
sometimes argue about the purpose of the
thing<00:04:13.799> or<00:04:14.079> the<00:04:14.200> social<00:04:14.760> activity<00:04:15.280> in<00:04:15.439> this
thing or the social activity in this
thing or the social activity in this
case<00:04:15.959> musical
case musical
case musical
performance<00:04:18.280> and<00:04:18.440> the<00:04:18.680> point<00:04:19.160> the<00:04:19.320> essential
performance and the point the essential
performance and the point the essential
nature<00:04:20.560> of<00:04:20.799> musical<00:04:21.360> performance<00:04:22.360> is<00:04:22.479> to
nature of musical performance is to
nature of musical performance is to
produce<00:04:23.479> excellent<00:04:24.000> music<00:04:24.320> it'll<00:04:24.560> be<00:04:24.680> a<00:04:24.840> happy
produce excellent music it'll be a happy
produce excellent music it'll be a happy
byproduct
byproduct
byproduct
that<00:04:27.880> will<00:04:28.160> all<00:04:28.639> benefit
that will all benefit
that will all benefit
but<00:04:32.160> when<00:04:32.320> we<00:04:32.520> think<00:04:32.759> about<00:04:33.080> Justice
but when we think about Justice
but when we think about Justice
Aristotle<00:04:34.479> says<00:04:35.479> what<00:04:35.639> we<00:04:35.880> really<00:04:36.160> need<00:04:36.320> to
Aristotle says what we really need to
Aristotle says what we really need to
think<00:04:36.800> about<00:04:37.560> is<00:04:37.800> the<00:04:37.960> essential<00:04:38.400> nature<00:04:38.639> of
think about is the essential nature of
think about is the essential nature of
the<00:04:38.919> activity<00:04:39.320> in<00:04:39.560> question
the activity in question
the activity in question
and<00:04:42.080> the<00:04:42.320> qualities<00:04:43.000> that<00:04:43.120> are<00:04:43.360> worth
and the qualities that are worth
and the qualities that are worth
honoring<00:04:44.960> and<00:04:45.479> admiring<00:04:46.479> and<00:04:46.800> recognizing
honoring and admiring and recognizing
honoring and admiring and recognizing
one<00:04:47.800> of<00:04:47.919> the<00:04:48.120> reasons<00:04:49.120> that<00:04:49.280> the<00:04:49.400> best<00:04:49.600> flute
one of the reasons that the best flute
one of the reasons that the best flute
players<00:04:50.240> should<00:04:50.440> get<00:04:50.639> the<00:04:50.759> best<00:04:50.919> flutes<00:04:51.320> is
players should get the best flutes is
players should get the best flutes is
that<00:04:51.680> musical<00:04:52.199> performance<00:04:52.960> is<00:04:53.160> not<00:04:53.320> only<00:04:53.520> to
that musical performance is not only to
that musical performance is not only to
make<00:04:53.880> the<00:04:54.000> rest<00:04:54.160> of<00:04:54.280> us
make the rest of us
make the rest of us
happy<00:04:56.120> but<00:04:56.320> to<00:04:56.680> honor<00:04:57.440> and
happy but to honor and
happy but to honor and
recognize<00:04:59.320> the<00:04:59.800> Excellence<00:05:00.560> of<00:05:00.759> the<00:05:00.919> best
recognize the Excellence of the best
recognize the Excellence of the best
musicians<00:05:03.080> now<00:05:03.880> flutes<00:05:04.360> may<00:05:04.560> seem<00:05:04.919> the
musicians now flutes may seem the
musicians now flutes may seem the
distribution<00:05:05.639> of<00:05:05.759> flutes<00:05:06.160> may<00:05:06.320> seem<00:05:06.759> a
distribution of flutes may seem a
distribution of flutes may seem a
trivial<00:05:08.840> case<00:05:09.600> let's<00:05:09.840> take<00:05:10.000> a<00:05:10.280> contemporary
trivial case let's take a contemporary
trivial case let's take a contemporary
example<00:05:11.759> of<00:05:11.880> a<00:05:12.080> dispute<00:05:12.520> about
example of a dispute about
example of a dispute about
Justice<00:05:14.639> had<00:05:14.800> to<00:05:14.919> do<00:05:15.039> with
Justice had to do with
Justice had to do with
Gulf<00:05:16.840> Casey<00:05:17.240> Martin<00:05:17.600> a<00:05:17.720> few<00:05:17.880> years<00:05:18.120> ago<00:05:18.600> Casey
Gulf Casey Martin a few years ago Casey
Gulf Casey Martin a few years ago Casey
Martin<00:05:20.520> did<00:05:20.759> any<00:05:20.960> of<00:05:21.120> of<00:05:21.240> you<00:05:21.440> hear<00:05:21.639> about<00:05:21.960> him
Martin did any of of you hear about him
Martin did any of of you hear about him
he<00:05:22.919> was<00:05:23.080> a<00:05:23.360> very<00:05:23.680> good<00:05:23.960> golfer<00:05:24.919> but<00:05:25.080> he<00:05:25.280> had<00:05:25.400> a
he was a very good golfer but he had a
he was a very good golfer but he had a
disability<00:05:26.360> he<00:05:26.520> had<00:05:26.639> a<00:05:26.840> bad<00:05:27.199> leg<00:05:27.600> a
disability he had a bad leg a
disability he had a bad leg a
circulatory<00:05:28.759> problem<00:05:29.479> that<00:05:29.840> made<00:05:30.000> it<00:05:30.280> very
circulatory problem that made it very
circulatory problem that made it very
painful<00:05:31.639> for<00:05:31.880> him<00:05:32.080> to<00:05:32.280> walk<00:05:32.639> the<00:05:33.120> course<00:05:34.120> in
painful for him to walk the course in
painful for him to walk the course in
fact<00:05:34.600> it<00:05:35.199> carried<00:05:35.759> risk<00:05:36.080> of
fact it carried risk of
fact it carried risk of
injury<00:05:38.280> he<00:05:38.560> asked<00:05:39.080> the<00:05:39.280> PGA<00:05:40.080> the<00:05:40.400> professional
injury he asked the PGA the professional
injury he asked the PGA the professional
golfers<00:05:41.560> association<00:05:42.280> for<00:05:42.560> permission<00:05:42.919> to
golfers association for permission to
golfers association for permission to
use<00:05:43.240> a<00:05:43.440> golf<00:05:43.880> cart<00:05:44.880> in<00:05:45.039> the<00:05:45.199> PGA<00:05:46.199> tournaments
use a golf cart in the PGA tournaments
use a golf cart in the PGA tournaments
they<00:05:47.360> said<00:05:47.720> no<00:05:48.680> no<00:05:48.960> that<00:05:49.080> would<00:05:49.240> give<00:05:49.360> you<00:05:49.479> an
they said no no that would give you an
they said no no that would give you an
unfair
unfair
unfair
Advantage<00:05:51.680> he
Advantage he
Advantage he
sued<00:05:53.560> and<00:05:53.960> his<00:05:54.240> case<00:05:54.479> went<00:05:54.800> all<00:05:55.000> the<00:05:55.120> way<00:05:55.319> to
sued and his case went all the way to
sued and his case went all the way to
the<00:05:55.720> Supreme<00:05:56.120> Court<00:05:56.639> believe<00:05:56.880> it<00:05:57.039> or<00:05:57.199> not<00:05:57.680> the
the Supreme Court believe it or not the
the Supreme Court believe it or not the
case<00:05:58.120> over<00:05:58.360> the<00:05:58.560> golf<00:05:58.880> cart
case over the golf cart
case over the golf cart
because<00:06:01.160> the<00:06:01.319> law<00:06:01.639> says<00:06:02.039> the<00:06:02.240> dis<00:06:02.720> the<00:06:03.000> the
because the law says the dis the the
because the law says the dis the the
disabled<00:06:04.080> must<00:06:04.360> be
disabled must be
disabled must be
accommodated
accommodated
accommodated
provided<00:06:08.639> the<00:06:08.840> accommodation<00:06:09.639> does<00:06:09.919> not
provided the accommodation does not
provided the accommodation does not
change<00:06:12.120> the<00:06:12.360> essential<00:06:13.000> nature<00:06:13.400> of<00:06:13.599> the
change the essential nature of the
change the essential nature of the
activity<00:06:16.280> he<00:06:16.440> says<00:06:16.720> I'm<00:06:16.840> a<00:06:17.000> great<00:06:17.280> golfer<00:06:17.759> I
activity he says I'm a great golfer I
activity he says I'm a great golfer I
want<00:06:18.000> to<00:06:18.280> compete<00:06:19.280> but<00:06:19.400> I<00:06:19.520> need<00:06:19.680> a<00:06:19.880> golf<00:06:20.199> cart
want to compete but I need a golf cart
want to compete but I need a golf cart
to<00:06:21.000> get<00:06:21.160> from<00:06:21.360> one<00:06:21.560> hole<00:06:21.880> to<00:06:22.039> the<00:06:22.400> next
to get from one hole to the next
to get from one hole to the next
suppose<00:06:25.000> you<00:06:25.160> were<00:06:25.560> on<00:06:25.840> the<00:06:26.160> Supreme<00:06:26.560> Court
suppose you were on the Supreme Court
suppose you were on the Supreme Court
suppose<00:06:27.280> you<00:06:27.400> were<00:06:27.720> deciding<00:06:28.599> the<00:06:28.840> justice<00:06:30.039> of
suppose you were deciding the justice of
suppose you were deciding the justice of
this
this
this
case<00:06:32.280> how<00:06:32.400> many<00:06:32.759> here<00:06:33.000> would<00:06:33.599> say<00:06:34.599> that<00:06:34.840> Casey
case how many here would say that Casey
case how many here would say that Casey
Martin<00:06:35.680> does<00:06:35.919> have<00:06:36.039> a<00:06:36.240> right<00:06:36.560> to<00:06:36.720> use<00:06:36.919> a<00:06:37.080> golf
Martin does have a right to use a golf
Martin does have a right to use a golf
cart<00:06:37.599> and<00:06:37.759> how<00:06:37.880> many<00:06:38.160> say<00:06:39.080> no<00:06:40.080> he<00:06:40.240> doesn't<00:06:40.880> all
cart and how many say no he doesn't all
cart and how many say no he doesn't all
right<00:06:41.120> let's<00:06:41.520> take<00:06:41.680> a<00:06:41.880> poll<00:06:42.199> show<00:06:42.440> of<00:06:42.639> hands
right let's take a poll show of hands
right let's take a poll show of hands
how<00:06:43.440> many<00:06:43.680> would<00:06:43.840> rule<00:06:44.120> in<00:06:44.280> favor<00:06:44.520> of<00:06:44.680> Casey
how many would rule in favor of Casey
how many would rule in favor of Casey
Martin<00:06:48.039> and<00:06:48.280> how<00:06:48.400> many<00:06:48.639> would<00:06:48.840> not<00:06:49.160> how<00:06:49.280> many
Martin and how many would not how many
Martin and how many would not how many
would<00:06:49.639> say<00:06:49.840> he<00:06:50.000> doesn't<00:06:50.319> have<00:06:50.520> all<00:06:50.599> right<00:06:50.759> we
would say he doesn't have all right we
would say he doesn't have all right we
have<00:06:50.960> a<00:06:51.120> good<00:06:51.319> division<00:06:51.759> of<00:06:51.960> opinion<00:06:52.919> here<00:06:53.919> um
have a good division of opinion here um
have a good division of opinion here um
someone<00:06:55.160> who<00:06:55.360> would<00:06:55.919> not<00:06:56.919> Grant<00:06:57.280> Casey<00:06:57.639> Martin
someone who would not Grant Casey Martin
someone who would not Grant Casey Martin
the<00:06:58.080> right<00:06:58.199> to<00:06:58.360> a<00:06:58.479> golf<00:06:58.759> cart<00:06:59.000> what<00:06:59.120> would<00:06:59.240> be
the right to a golf cart what would be
the right to a golf cart what would be
your<00:06:59.800> reason<00:07:00.440> raise<00:07:00.680> your<00:07:00.919> hand<00:07:01.120> and<00:07:01.240> we'll
your reason raise your hand and we'll
your reason raise your hand and we'll
try<00:07:01.599> to<00:07:01.720> get<00:07:01.840> you<00:07:01.960> a<00:07:02.160> microphone<00:07:02.759> what<00:07:02.879> would
try to get you a microphone what would
try to get you a microphone what would
be<00:07:03.160> your
reason<00:07:07.840> be<00:07:08.000> an<00:07:08.160> unfair
reason be an unfair
reason be an unfair
Advantage<00:07:10.199> if<00:07:10.360> he<00:07:10.520> gets<00:07:10.720> to<00:07:10.879> ride<00:07:11.120> in<00:07:11.280> a<00:07:11.479> golf
Advantage if he gets to ride in a golf
Advantage if he gets to ride in a golf
cart<00:07:12.720> all<00:07:12.840> right<00:07:13.039> those<00:07:13.240> of<00:07:13.440> you<00:07:14.240> I<00:07:14.360> imagine
cart all right those of you I imagine
cart all right those of you I imagine
most<00:07:15.039> of<00:07:15.160> you<00:07:15.319> who<00:07:15.800> would<00:07:16.000> not<00:07:16.280> give<00:07:16.440> him<00:07:16.599> the
most of you who would not give him the
most of you who would not give him the
golf<00:07:17.039> cart<00:07:17.280> worry<00:07:17.560> about<00:07:17.800> an<00:07:17.960> unfair
golf cart worry about an unfair
golf cart worry about an unfair
Advantage<00:07:19.520> what<00:07:19.960> about<00:07:20.960> those<00:07:21.199> of<00:07:21.360> you<00:07:21.560> who
Advantage what about those of you who
Advantage what about those of you who
say<00:07:22.039> he<00:07:22.199> should<00:07:22.479> be<00:07:22.639> given<00:07:22.879> a<00:07:23.039> golf<00:07:23.360> cart<00:07:24.000> how
say he should be given a golf cart how
say he should be given a golf cart how
would<00:07:24.400> you<00:07:24.680> answer<00:07:25.080> the<00:07:25.280> objection<00:07:26.280> yes<00:07:26.720> all
would you answer the objection yes all
would you answer the objection yes all
right
what's<00:07:31.919> your<00:07:32.160> name<00:07:33.039> Charlie<00:07:33.759> Charlie
what's your name Charlie Charlie
what's your name Charlie Charlie
says<00:07:36.120> we'll<00:07:36.360> get<00:07:36.520> Charlie<00:07:36.840> a<00:07:37.000> microphone<00:07:37.479> in
says we'll get Charlie a microphone in
says we'll get Charlie a microphone in
case<00:07:37.759> someone<00:07:38.080> wants<00:07:38.280> to<00:07:38.479> reply<00:07:38.800> all<00:07:38.879> right
case someone wants to reply all right
case someone wants to reply all right
tell<00:07:39.160> us<00:07:39.319> Charlie<00:07:39.919> why<00:07:40.479> why<00:07:40.639> would<00:07:40.840> you<00:07:41.039> say<00:07:41.759> he
tell us Charlie why why would you say he
tell us Charlie why why would you say he
should<00:07:42.240> be<00:07:42.400> able<00:07:42.599> to<00:07:42.720> use<00:07:42.919> a<00:07:43.080> golf<00:07:43.400> cart<00:07:44.120> the
should be able to use a golf cart the
should be able to use a golf cart the
cart's<00:07:44.759> not<00:07:45.000> part<00:07:45.159> of<00:07:45.280> the
cart's not part of the
cart's not part of the
game<00:07:47.479> but<00:07:47.680> what<00:07:47.800> about<00:07:48.039> walking<00:07:48.440> from<00:07:48.639> hole<00:07:48.879> to
game but what about walking from hole to
game but what about walking from hole to
Hole<00:07:50.560> it<00:07:50.680> doesn't<00:07:50.960> matter<00:07:51.240> it's<00:07:51.360> not<00:07:51.560> part<00:07:51.720> of
Hole it doesn't matter it's not part of
Hole it doesn't matter it's not part of
the<00:07:52.000> game<00:07:52.520> walking<00:07:52.919> the<00:07:53.080> course<00:07:53.479> is<00:07:53.680> not<00:07:54.000> part
the game walking the course is not part
the game walking the course is not part
of<00:07:54.319> the<00:07:54.520> game<00:07:54.720> of
of the game of
of the game of
golf<00:07:57.919> not<00:07:58.080> in<00:07:58.240> my<00:07:58.400> opinion<00:07:59.000> all<00:07:59.080> right<00:07:59.520> stay
golf not in my opinion all right stay
golf not in my opinion all right stay
there
Charlie<00:08:03.520> who<00:08:03.720> has<00:08:03.879> an<00:08:04.159> answer<00:08:05.000> who<00:08:05.159> has<00:08:05.280> an
Charlie who has an answer who has an
Charlie who has an answer who has an
answer<00:08:05.800> for<00:08:06.000> Char<00:08:06.400> by<00:08:06.479> the<00:08:06.599> way<00:08:07.039> all<00:08:07.159> right<00:08:07.319> who
answer for Char by the way all right who
answer for Char by the way all right who
who<00:08:07.680> has<00:08:07.840> an<00:08:08.000> answer<00:08:08.240> for<00:08:08.440> Charlie<00:08:09.080> what<00:08:09.199> would
who has an answer for Charlie what would
who has an answer for Charlie what would
you<00:08:09.479> say<00:08:09.879> the<00:08:10.039> endurance<00:08:10.560> element<00:08:11.039> is<00:08:11.280> a<00:08:11.560> very
you say the endurance element is a very
you say the endurance element is a very
important<00:08:12.159> part<00:08:12.280> of<00:08:12.400> the
important part of the
important part of the
game<00:08:14.120> walking<00:08:14.479> all<00:08:14.639> those<00:08:14.800> holes<00:08:15.280> walking<00:08:15.680> all
game walking all those holes walking all
game walking all those holes walking all
those<00:08:16.520> holes<00:08:17.520> that's<00:08:17.919> part<00:08:18.120> of<00:08:18.440> part<00:08:18.560> of<00:08:18.720> the
those holes that's part of part of the
those holes that's part of part of the
game<00:08:19.000> of<00:08:19.240> golf<00:08:20.159> absolutely<00:08:20.800> what's<00:08:20.960> your<00:08:21.159> name
game of golf absolutely what's your name
game of golf absolutely what's your name
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren<00:08:25.360> Charlie<00:08:25.759> what<00:08:25.840> do<00:08:25.919> you<00:08:26.039> say<00:08:26.199> to<00:08:26.360> Warren
I'll<00:08:29.960> stick<00:08:30.199> to<00:08:30.360> my<00:08:30.520> original
thesis
well<00:08:37.919> Warren<00:08:38.240> are<00:08:38.360> you<00:08:38.479> a<00:08:38.599> golfer<00:08:39.519> I<00:08:39.719> not<00:08:39.839> a
well Warren are you a golfer I not a
well Warren are you a golfer I not a
golfer<00:08:41.479> and<00:08:41.680> I<00:08:41.880> am
okay<00:08:49.120> you
okay you
okay you
know<00:08:51.680> it's
interesting<00:08:55.399> in<00:08:55.560> the<00:08:55.839> case<00:08:56.360> in<00:08:56.519> the<00:08:56.640> lower
interesting in the case in the lower
interesting in the case in the lower
court<00:08:57.680> they<00:08:57.839> brought<00:08:58.120> in<00:08:58.440> golfing<00:08:58.920> grates<00:08:59.839> to
court they brought in golfing grates to
court they brought in golfing grates to
testify<00:09:01.399> on<00:09:01.600> this<00:09:01.839> very
testify on this very
testify on this very
issue<00:09:04.399> is<00:09:04.720> walking<00:09:05.160> the<00:09:05.320> course<00:09:05.839> essential<00:09:06.320> to
issue is walking the course essential to
issue is walking the course essential to
the<00:09:06.640> game<00:09:06.839> and<00:09:06.959> they<00:09:07.079> brought<00:09:07.279> in<00:09:07.920> Jack
the game and they brought in Jack
the game and they brought in Jack
Nicholas<00:09:08.800> and<00:09:09.160> Arnold<00:09:09.640> Palmer<00:09:10.640> and<00:09:10.760> what<00:09:10.880> do
Nicholas and Arnold Palmer and what do
Nicholas and Arnold Palmer and what do
you<00:09:11.040> suppose<00:09:11.360> they<00:09:11.480> all<00:09:12.040> said<00:09:13.040> yes<00:09:13.360> they
you suppose they all said yes they
you suppose they all said yes they
agreed<00:09:13.800> with
agreed with
agreed with
Warren<00:09:15.519> they<00:09:15.640> said<00:09:16.120> yes<00:09:16.560> walking<00:09:16.959> the<00:09:17.160> course
Warren they said yes walking the course
Warren they said yes walking the course
is<00:09:18.079> strenuous<00:09:18.640> physical<00:09:19.079> exercise<00:09:19.640> the
is strenuous physical exercise the
is strenuous physical exercise the
fatigue<00:09:20.360> factor<00:09:20.640> is<00:09:20.760> an<00:09:20.959> important<00:09:21.320> part<00:09:21.480> of
fatigue factor is an important part of
fatigue factor is an important part of
golf<00:09:22.760> and<00:09:23.000> so<00:09:24.000> it<00:09:24.160> would<00:09:24.320> change<00:09:24.640> the
golf and so it would change the
golf and so it would change the
fundamental<00:09:25.399> nature<00:09:25.680> of<00:09:25.800> the<00:09:26.200> game<00:09:27.200> to<00:09:27.440> give
fundamental nature of the game to give
fundamental nature of the game to give
in<00:09:27.760> the<00:09:27.920> golf<00:09:28.240> cart<00:09:29.519> now<00:09:30.160> notice<00:09:30.959> something
in the golf cart now notice something
in the golf cart now notice something
interesting<00:09:32.880> well<00:09:33.120> but<00:09:33.320> I<00:09:33.399> should<00:09:33.600> tell<00:09:33.760> you
interesting well but I should tell you
interesting well but I should tell you
how<00:09:34.040> the<00:09:34.160> Supreme<00:09:34.519> Court<00:09:34.839> first<00:09:35.399> how<00:09:35.600> the
how the Supreme Court first how the
how the Supreme Court first how the
Supreme
Supreme
Supreme
Court<00:09:37.720> decided<00:09:38.720> what<00:09:38.800> do<00:09:38.920> you<00:09:39.040> suppose<00:09:39.360> they
Court decided what do you suppose they
Court decided what do you suppose they
said<00:09:42.000> they<00:09:42.160> said<00:09:42.640> yes<00:09:43.640> that<00:09:43.839> Casey<00:09:44.200> Martin
said they said yes that Casey Martin
said they said yes that Casey Martin
must<00:09:45.240> be<00:09:45.480> provided<00:09:45.839> a<00:09:46.040> Golf<00:09:46.360> Cart<00:09:47.200> 7<00:09:47.720> to2<00:09:48.720> they
must be provided a Golf Cart 7 to2 they
must be provided a Golf Cart 7 to2 they
ruled<00:09:50.320> what<00:09:50.480> was<00:09:50.680> interesting<00:09:51.640> about<00:09:52.040> their
ruled what was interesting about their
ruled what was interesting about their
ruling<00:09:54.600> and<00:09:54.800> about<00:09:55.000> the<00:09:55.200> discussion<00:09:55.640> we've
ruling and about the discussion we've
ruling and about the discussion we've
just
just
just
had<00:09:58.240> is<00:09:58.440> that<00:09:58.640> the<00:09:58.839> discussion<00:09:59.800> about<00:10:00.600> the
had is that the discussion about the
had is that the discussion about the
right<00:10:01.320> the<00:10:01.519> Justice<00:10:02.040> of<00:10:02.200> the<00:10:02.360> matter<00:10:02.880> depended
right the Justice of the matter depended
right the Justice of the matter depended
on<00:10:04.640> figuring<00:10:05.200> out<00:10:05.839> what<00:10:06.360> is<00:10:07.360> the<00:10:07.560> essential
on figuring out what is the essential
on figuring out what is the essential
nature<00:10:08.640> of
nature of
nature of
golf<00:10:10.519> and<00:10:10.640> the<00:10:10.760> Supreme<00:10:11.120> Court<00:10:11.399> Justices
golf and the Supreme Court Justices
golf and the Supreme Court Justices
wrestled<00:10:12.560> with<00:10:12.760> that<00:10:13.000> question<00:10:13.880> and<00:10:14.079> Justice
wrestled with that question and Justice
wrestled with that question and Justice
Stevens<00:10:15.640> writing<00:10:15.959> for<00:10:16.160> the<00:10:16.320> majority<00:10:16.880> said<00:10:17.360> he
Stevens writing for the majority said he
Stevens writing for the majority said he
had<00:10:17.640> read<00:10:17.839> all<00:10:18.000> about<00:10:18.200> the<00:10:18.399> history<00:10:18.720> of
had read all about the history of
had read all about the history of
golf<00:10:21.560> and<00:10:22.560> the<00:10:22.839> essential<00:10:23.440> point<00:10:23.640> of<00:10:23.760> the<00:10:23.880> game
golf and the essential point of the game
golf and the essential point of the game
is<00:10:24.279> to<00:10:24.600> get<00:10:24.720> a<00:10:24.920> very<00:10:25.160> small<00:10:25.519> ball<00:10:25.920> from<00:10:26.160> one
is to get a very small ball from one
is to get a very small ball from one
place<00:10:27.240> into<00:10:27.519> a<00:10:27.800> hole<00:10:28.800> and<00:10:28.959> as<00:10:29.320> few<00:10:29.440> Strokes<00:10:29.760> as
place into a hole and as few Strokes as
place into a hole and as few Strokes as
possible<00:10:31.079> and<00:10:31.240> that<00:10:31.399> walking<00:10:31.800> was<00:10:32.000> not
possible and that walking was not
possible and that walking was not
essential<00:10:32.720> but<00:10:32.920> incidental<00:10:33.839> now<00:10:34.000> there<00:10:34.120> were
essential but incidental now there were
essential but incidental now there were
two<00:10:34.480> denters<00:10:35.120> one<00:10:35.279> of<00:10:35.480> whom<00:10:35.760> was<00:10:36.000> Justice
Scalia<00:10:40.040> he<00:10:40.240> wouldn't<00:10:40.720> have<00:10:41.000> granted<00:10:41.440> the<00:10:42.040> cart
Scalia he wouldn't have granted the cart
Scalia he wouldn't have granted the cart
and<00:10:43.200> he<00:10:43.320> had<00:10:43.440> a<00:10:43.600> very<00:10:43.800> interesting<00:10:44.800> descent
and he had a very interesting descent
and he had a very interesting descent
it's<00:10:46.000> interesting<00:10:46.519> because<00:10:46.880> he<00:10:47.399> rejected<00:10:48.120> the
it's interesting because he rejected the
it's interesting because he rejected the
Aristotelian
Aristotelian
Aristotelian
premise<00:10:51.240> underlying<00:10:51.800> the<00:10:51.920> majority's
premise underlying the majority's
premise underlying the majority's
opinion<00:10:52.920> he<00:10:53.000> said<00:10:53.320> it's<00:10:53.600> not<00:10:54.440> possible<00:10:55.440> to
opinion he said it's not possible to
opinion he said it's not possible to
determine<00:10:57.079> the<00:10:57.320> essential<00:10:58.040> nature<00:10:58.760> of<00:10:58.880> a<00:10:59.040> game
determine the essential nature of a game
determine the essential nature of a game
like<00:11:00.000> golf<00:11:00.639> here's<00:11:00.880> how<00:11:01.079> he<00:11:01.240> put<00:11:01.399> it<00:11:02.399> to<00:11:02.560> say
like golf here's how he put it to say
like golf here's how he put it to say
that<00:11:02.959> something<00:11:03.240> is<00:11:03.519> essential<00:11:04.040> is
that something is essential is
that something is essential is
ordinarily<00:11:04.839> to<00:11:05.000> say<00:11:05.279> that<00:11:05.399> it<00:11:05.560> is<00:11:05.880> necessary
ordinarily to say that it is necessary
ordinarily to say that it is necessary
to<00:11:06.600> the<00:11:06.760> achievement<00:11:07.279> of<00:11:07.440> a<00:11:07.560> certain
to the achievement of a certain
to the achievement of a certain
object<00:11:09.600> but<00:11:09.760> since<00:11:10.000> it<00:11:10.120> is<00:11:10.360> the<00:11:10.560> very<00:11:10.839> nature
object but since it is the very nature
object but since it is the very nature
of<00:11:11.279> a<00:11:11.480> game<00:11:11.720> to<00:11:12.000> have<00:11:12.279> no<00:11:12.720> object<00:11:13.240> except
Amusement<00:11:19.320> that<00:11:19.440> is<00:11:19.680> what<00:11:19.920> distinguishes
Amusement that is what distinguishes
Amusement that is what distinguishes
games<00:11:21.240> from<00:11:21.560> productive
activity<00:11:25.920> it<00:11:26.040> is<00:11:26.279> quite<00:11:26.560> impossible<00:11:27.200> to<00:11:27.440> say
activity it is quite impossible to say
activity it is quite impossible to say
that<00:11:28.200> any<00:11:28.440> of<00:11:28.560> a<00:11:28.760> game's<00:11:29.480> arbitrary<00:11:30.120> rules<00:11:30.959> is
that any of a game's arbitrary rules is
that any of a game's arbitrary rules is
essential<00:11:33.279> so<00:11:33.600> there<00:11:33.760> you<00:11:34.079> have<00:11:34.440> Justice
essential so there you have Justice
essential so there you have Justice
Galia<00:11:35.440> taking<00:11:35.760> on<00:11:36.120> the<00:11:36.480> Aristotelian<00:11:37.480> premise
Galia taking on the Aristotelian premise
Galia taking on the Aristotelian premise
of<00:11:38.320> the<00:11:38.519> majority's
of the majority's
of the majority's
opinion<00:11:41.440> Justice<00:11:42.000> galia's<00:11:42.959> opinion<00:11:43.959> is
opinion Justice galia's opinion is
opinion Justice galia's opinion is
questionable<00:11:46.279> for<00:11:46.600> two<00:11:46.880> reasons<00:11:47.480> first<00:11:48.480> no
questionable for two reasons first no
questionable for two reasons first no
real<00:11:49.079> sports<00:11:49.480> fan<00:11:49.720> would<00:11:49.920> talk<00:11:50.279> that
way<00:11:54.040> if<00:11:54.240> we<00:11:54.519> thought<00:11:54.880> that<00:11:55.040> the<00:11:55.200> rules<00:11:55.760> of<00:11:56.079> the
way if we thought that the rules of the
way if we thought that the rules of the
sports<00:11:56.800> we<00:11:57.040> care<00:11:57.279> about<00:11:57.760> are<00:11:57.920> merely
sports we care about are merely
sports we care about are merely
arbitrary<00:11:59.480> rather<00:11:59.800> than<00:12:00.079> designed<00:12:00.839> to<00:12:01.120> call
arbitrary rather than designed to call
arbitrary rather than designed to call
forth<00:12:02.800> the<00:12:03.040> virtues<00:12:03.519> and<00:12:03.720> the<00:12:04.160> excellences
forth the virtues and the excellences
forth the virtues and the excellences
that<00:12:05.399> we<00:12:05.600> think<00:12:05.800> are<00:12:06.000> worthy<00:12:06.320> of<00:12:06.480> admiring<00:12:06.880> we
that we think are worthy of admiring we
that we think are worthy of admiring we
wouldn't<00:12:07.279> care<00:12:07.440> about<00:12:07.639> the<00:12:07.720> outcome<00:12:08.079> of<00:12:08.200> the
wouldn't care about the outcome of the
wouldn't care about the outcome of the
game<00:12:10.639> it's<00:12:11.480> also<00:12:12.480> objectionable<00:12:13.199> on<00:12:13.360> a<00:12:13.560> second
game it's also objectionable on a second
game it's also objectionable on a second
ground<00:12:16.040> on<00:12:16.279> the<00:12:16.560> face<00:12:16.800> of<00:12:16.959> it<00:12:17.199> it<00:12:17.399> seemed<00:12:17.800> to<00:12:17.959> be
ground on the face of it it seemed to be
ground on the face of it it seemed to be
this<00:12:18.480> debate<00:12:18.800> about<00:12:19.000> the<00:12:19.160> golf<00:12:19.480> cart<00:12:20.399> an
this debate about the golf cart an
this debate about the golf cart an
argument<00:12:21.120> about
argument about
argument about
fairness<00:12:23.600> un<00:12:23.839> what's<00:12:24.040> an<00:12:24.199> unfair
fairness un what's an unfair
fairness un what's an unfair
Advantage<00:12:27.240> but<00:12:27.440> if<00:12:27.600> fairness<00:12:28.040> were<00:12:28.240> the<00:12:28.360> only
Advantage but if fairness were the only
Advantage but if fairness were the only
thing<00:12:28.720> at<00:12:28.880> stake
thing at stake
thing at stake
there<00:12:30.480> would<00:12:30.639> have<00:12:30.800> been<00:12:30.959> an<00:12:31.199> easy<00:12:31.519> and
there would have been an easy and
there would have been an easy and
obvious<00:12:32.399> solution<00:12:33.399> what<00:12:33.519> would<00:12:33.680> it
obvious solution what would it
obvious solution what would it
be<00:12:35.880> let<00:12:36.360> everyone<00:12:37.360> ride<00:12:37.600> in<00:12:37.720> a<00:12:37.880> golf<00:12:38.160> cart<00:12:38.399> if
be let everyone ride in a golf cart if
be let everyone ride in a golf cart if
they<00:12:38.720> want<00:12:39.079> to<00:12:40.079> then<00:12:40.279> the<00:12:40.440> fairness<00:12:41.040> objection
they want to then the fairness objection
they want to then the fairness objection
goes
goes
goes
away<00:12:43.800> but<00:12:43.959> letting<00:12:44.320> everyone<00:12:44.680> ride<00:12:44.920> in<00:12:45.079> a<00:12:45.279> cart
away but letting everyone ride in a cart
away but letting everyone ride in a cart
would<00:12:46.360> have<00:12:46.560> been<00:12:47.000> I<00:12:47.240> suspect<00:12:47.839> more<00:12:48.680> anathema
would have been I suspect more anathema
would have been I suspect more anathema
to<00:12:49.920> the<00:12:50.160> golfing
to the golfing
to the golfing
grates<00:12:52.279> and<00:12:52.399> to<00:12:52.600> the
grates and to the
grates and to the
PGA<00:12:54.560> even<00:12:54.880> than<00:12:55.120> making<00:12:55.480> an<00:12:55.720> exception<00:12:56.160> for
PGA even than making an exception for
PGA even than making an exception for
Casey<00:12:56.800> Martin<00:12:57.680> why<00:12:58.680> because<00:12:58.959> what<00:12:59.199> what<00:12:59.320> was
Casey Martin why because what what was
Casey Martin why because what what was
at<00:12:59.720> stake<00:13:00.720> in<00:13:00.880> the<00:13:01.040> dispute<00:13:01.399> over<00:13:01.560> the<00:13:01.720> golf
at stake in the dispute over the golf
at stake in the dispute over the golf
cart<00:13:03.240> was<00:13:03.560> not<00:13:03.880> only<00:13:04.279> the<00:13:04.440> essential<00:13:04.880> nature
cart was not only the essential nature
cart was not only the essential nature
of<00:13:05.399> golf<00:13:06.320> but<00:13:06.600> relatedly<00:13:07.560> the<00:13:08.240> question<00:13:09.440> what
of golf but relatedly the question what
of golf but relatedly the question what
abilities<00:13:12.040> are<00:13:12.760> worthy<00:13:13.760> of<00:13:14.079> honor<00:13:14.519> and
abilities are worthy of honor and
abilities are worthy of honor and
recognition<00:13:16.199> as
recognition as
recognition as
athletic
athletic
athletic
talents<00:13:19.880> let<00:13:20.040> me<00:13:20.279> put<00:13:20.480> the<00:13:20.760> point<00:13:21.760> as
talents let me put the point as
talents let me put the point as
delicately<00:13:22.720> as<00:13:23.480> possible<00:13:24.480> golfers<00:13:25.160> are<00:13:25.399> a
delicately as possible golfers are a
delicately as possible golfers are a
little<00:13:25.920> sensitive<00:13:26.600> about<00:13:26.880> the<00:13:27.120> athletic
little sensitive about the athletic
little sensitive about the athletic
status<00:13:28.160> of<00:13:28.360> their<00:13:28.600> game
status of their game
status of their game
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause]
after<00:13:36.320> all<00:13:36.480> there's<00:13:36.680> no<00:13:36.839> running<00:13:37.160> or<00:13:37.839> jumping
after all there's no running or jumping
after all there's no running or jumping
and<00:13:39.000> the<00:13:39.160> ball<00:13:39.800> stands
still<00:13:44.120> so<00:13:44.600> if<00:13:44.839> golfing<00:13:45.320> is<00:13:45.560> the<00:13:45.839> kind<00:13:46.040> of<00:13:46.440> game
still so if golfing is the kind of game
still so if golfing is the kind of game
that<00:13:47.600> can<00:13:47.720> be<00:13:47.880> played<00:13:48.160> while<00:13:48.320> riding<00:13:48.639> around
that can be played while riding around
that can be played while riding around
in<00:13:49.040> the<00:13:49.199> golf<00:13:49.519> cart<00:13:50.279> it<00:13:50.399> would<00:13:50.600> be<00:13:50.959> hard<00:13:51.639> to
in the golf cart it would be hard to
in the golf cart it would be hard to
confer<00:13:53.160> on<00:13:53.320> the<00:13:53.519> golfing<00:13:54.240> grates<00:13:55.240> the<00:13:55.519> status
confer on the golfing grates the status
confer on the golfing grates the status
that<00:13:56.440> we<00:13:56.680> confer<00:13:57.480> the<00:13:57.639> honor<00:13:57.920> and<00:13:58.120> recognition
that we confer the honor and recognition
that we confer the honor and recognition
that<00:13:59.320> goes<00:13:59.639> to<00:13:59.959> truly<00:14:00.440> great
that goes to truly great
that goes to truly great
athletes<00:14:03.680> that
athletes that
athletes that
illustrates<00:14:06.800> that<00:14:07.800> with<00:14:08.639> golf<00:14:09.639> as<00:14:09.880> with
illustrates that with golf as with
illustrates that with golf as with
flutes<00:14:11.199> it's<00:14:11.639> hard<00:14:12.360> to<00:14:12.680> decide<00:14:13.240> the<00:14:13.600> question
flutes it's hard to decide the question
flutes it's hard to decide the question
of<00:14:14.800> what<00:14:15.079> Justice<00:14:16.040> requires<00:14:17.040> without
of what Justice requires without
of what Justice requires without
grappling<00:14:18.600> with<00:14:18.759> the<00:14:19.040> question<00:14:20.000> what<00:14:20.240> is<00:14:20.680> the
grappling with the question what is the
grappling with the question what is the
essential<00:14:21.320> nature<00:14:21.639> of<00:14:21.759> the<00:14:21.959> activity<00:14:22.399> in
essential nature of the activity in
essential nature of the activity in
question
question
question
and<00:14:25.120> what<00:14:25.639> qualities<00:14:26.440> what
and what qualities what
and what qualities what
excellences<00:14:28.399> connected<00:14:28.800> with<00:14:29.480> activity<00:14:30.320> are
excellences connected with activity are
excellences connected with activity are
worthy<00:14:31.240> of<00:14:31.480> honor<00:14:31.959> and
worthy of honor and
worthy of honor and
recognition<00:14:34.320> let's<00:14:34.680> take<00:14:35.240> a<00:14:35.480> final<00:14:35.920> example
recognition let's take a final example
recognition let's take a final example
that's<00:14:36.720> prominent<00:14:37.160> in<00:14:37.399> contemporary
that's prominent in contemporary
that's prominent in contemporary
political<00:14:38.560> debate<00:14:39.560> same-sex
political debate same-sex
political debate same-sex
marriage<00:14:43.079> there<00:14:43.199> are<00:14:43.399> those<00:14:43.600> who<00:14:43.800> favor<00:14:44.199> State
marriage there are those who favor State
marriage there are those who favor State
recognition<00:14:46.880> only<00:14:47.360> of<00:14:47.560> traditional<00:14:48.040> marriage
recognition only of traditional marriage
recognition only of traditional marriage
between<00:14:48.839> one<00:14:49.040> man<00:14:49.279> and<00:14:49.440> one<00:14:50.040> woman<00:14:51.040> and<00:14:51.199> there
between one man and one woman and there
between one man and one woman and there
are<00:14:51.560> those<00:14:51.759> who<00:14:51.959> favor<00:14:52.399> State<00:14:53.120> recognition<00:14:54.120> of
are those who favor State recognition of
are those who favor State recognition of
same-sex<00:14:55.000> marriage<00:14:55.519> how<00:14:55.639> many<00:14:56.120> here<00:14:56.959> favor
same-sex marriage how many here favor
same-sex marriage how many here favor
the<00:14:57.959> first<00:14:58.399> policy<00:14:59.440> the<00:14:59.600> state<00:14:59.839> should
the first policy the state should
the first policy the state should
recognize<00:15:00.560> traditional<00:15:01.040> marriage
recognize traditional marriage
recognize traditional marriage
only<00:15:04.079> and<00:15:04.279> how<00:15:04.440> many<00:15:04.759> favor<00:15:05.279> the<00:15:05.440> second
only and how many favor the second
only and how many favor the second
same-sex
same-sex
same-sex
marriage<00:15:08.800> now<00:15:09.800> put<00:15:09.959> it<00:15:10.160> this<00:15:10.800> way<00:15:11.800> what<00:15:12.079> ways
marriage now put it this way what ways
marriage now put it this way what ways
of<00:15:12.680> thinking<00:15:13.079> about<00:15:13.720> Justice<00:15:14.160> and<00:15:14.399> morality
of thinking about Justice and morality
of thinking about Justice and morality
underly<00:15:15.720> the<00:15:15.880> arguments<00:15:16.440> we<00:15:16.680> have<00:15:17.320> over
underly the arguments we have over
underly the arguments we have over
marriage<00:15:19.279> the<00:15:19.480> opponents<00:15:19.920> of<00:15:20.120> same-sex
marriage the opponents of same-sex
marriage the opponents of same-sex
marriage<00:15:21.360> say<00:15:22.360> that<00:15:22.560> the<00:15:22.720> purpose<00:15:23.120> of
marriage say that the purpose of
marriage say that the purpose of
marriage<00:15:24.279> fundamentally<00:15:24.880> is<00:15:25.360> procreation
marriage fundamentally is procreation
marriage fundamentally is procreation
and<00:15:26.560> that's<00:15:26.800> what's<00:15:27.079> worthy<00:15:27.399> of<00:15:27.759> honoring<00:15:28.480> and
and that's what's worthy of honoring and
and that's what's worthy of honoring and
recog<00:15:28.959> recognizing<00:15:29.440> and
recog recognizing and
recog recognizing and
encouraging<00:15:31.880> and<00:15:32.040> the<00:15:32.199> Defenders<00:15:32.639> of
encouraging and the Defenders of
encouraging and the Defenders of
same-sex<00:15:33.440> marriage<00:15:33.759> saying<00:15:34.079> no<00:15:34.639> procreation
same-sex marriage saying no procreation
same-sex marriage saying no procreation
is<00:15:35.519> not<00:15:35.720> the<00:15:35.880> only<00:15:36.240> purpose<00:15:36.560> of<00:15:37.279> marriage<00:15:38.279> what
is not the only purpose of marriage what
is not the only purpose of marriage what
about<00:15:39.240> a<00:15:39.480> lifelong<00:15:40.160> Mutual<00:15:40.800> loving
about a lifelong Mutual loving
about a lifelong Mutual loving
commitment<00:15:41.880> that's<00:15:42.160> really<00:15:42.399> what<00:15:42.600> marriage
commitment that's really what marriage
commitment that's really what marriage
is<00:15:43.560> about<00:15:44.560> so<00:15:45.519> with<00:15:45.720> flutes<00:15:46.600> with<00:15:46.839> golf<00:15:47.199> carts
is about so with flutes with golf carts
is about so with flutes with golf carts
and<00:15:48.319> even<00:15:48.680> with<00:15:49.120> a<00:15:49.360> fiercely<00:15:49.959> contested
and even with a fiercely contested
and even with a fiercely contested
question<00:15:51.560> like<00:15:51.800> same-sex
question like same-sex
question like same-sex
marriage<00:15:54.519> Aristotle<00:15:55.519> has<00:15:55.639> a
marriage Aristotle has a
marriage Aristotle has a
point<00:15:57.399> very<00:15:57.680> hard<00:15:57.880> to<00:15:58.120> argue<00:15:58.440> about<00:15:58.639> just<00:15:58.959> ice
point very hard to argue about just ice
point very hard to argue about just ice
without<00:16:00.639> first<00:16:01.240> arguing<00:16:02.240> about<00:16:02.480> the<00:16:02.680> purpose
without first arguing about the purpose
without first arguing about the purpose
of<00:16:03.279> social<00:16:04.079> institutions<00:16:05.079> and<00:16:05.920> about<00:16:06.199> what
of social institutions and about what
of social institutions and about what
qualities<00:16:07.079> are<00:16:07.319> worthy<00:16:07.800> of<00:16:08.120> honor<00:16:08.720> and
qualities are worthy of honor and
qualities are worthy of honor and
recognition<00:16:10.480> so<00:16:10.720> let's<00:16:10.920> step<00:16:11.279> back<00:16:11.480> from
recognition so let's step back from
recognition so let's step back from
these<00:16:12.240> cases<00:16:13.240> and<00:16:13.480> see<00:16:14.440> how<00:16:14.680> they<00:16:14.959> shed<00:16:15.399> light
these cases and see how they shed light
these cases and see how they shed light
on<00:16:17.279> the<00:16:17.480> way<00:16:17.759> we<00:16:17.959> might<00:16:18.800> improve<00:16:19.800> Elevate<00:16:20.639> the
on the way we might improve Elevate the
on the way we might improve Elevate the
terms<00:16:21.199> of<00:16:21.480> political<00:16:22.000> discourse<00:16:22.959> in<00:16:23.079> the
terms of political discourse in the
terms of political discourse in the
United<00:16:23.560> States<00:16:24.279> and<00:16:24.399> for<00:16:24.639> that<00:16:24.800> matter<00:16:25.160> around
United States and for that matter around
United States and for that matter around
the
the
the
world<00:16:27.199> there<00:16:27.360> is<00:16:27.480> a<00:16:27.759> tendency<00:16:28.319> to<00:16:28.560> think
world there is a tendency to think
world there is a tendency to think
that<00:16:29.600> if<00:16:29.759> we<00:16:29.959> engage<00:16:30.440> too<00:16:30.959> directly<00:16:31.959> with
that if we engage too directly with
that if we engage too directly with
moral<00:16:32.720> questions<00:16:33.120> in<00:16:33.399> politics<00:16:33.959> that's<00:16:34.120> a
moral questions in politics that's a
moral questions in politics that's a
recipe<00:16:34.880> for<00:16:35.720> disagreement<00:16:36.720> and<00:16:36.920> for<00:16:37.120> that
recipe for disagreement and for that
recipe for disagreement and for that
matter<00:16:37.639> a<00:16:37.880> recipe<00:16:38.279> for<00:16:38.639> intolerance<00:16:39.360> and
matter a recipe for intolerance and
matter a recipe for intolerance and
coercion<00:16:40.160> so<00:16:40.440> better<00:16:41.000> to<00:16:41.199> shy<00:16:41.639> away<00:16:42.040> from<00:16:42.720> to
coercion so better to shy away from to
coercion so better to shy away from to
ignore<00:16:44.000> the<00:16:44.160> moral<00:16:44.639> and<00:16:44.759> the<00:16:44.959> religious
ignore the moral and the religious
ignore the moral and the religious
convictions<00:16:45.959> that<00:16:46.120> people<00:16:46.360> bring<00:16:46.600> to<00:16:46.800> Civic
convictions that people bring to Civic
convictions that people bring to Civic
life<00:16:49.040> it<00:16:49.199> seems<00:16:49.519> to<00:16:49.680> me<00:16:49.920> that<00:16:50.079> our<00:16:50.360> discussion
life it seems to me that our discussion
life it seems to me that our discussion
reflects<00:16:52.040> the<00:16:52.759> opposite<00:16:53.759> that<00:16:54.000> a<00:16:54.240> better
reflects the opposite that a better
reflects the opposite that a better
way<00:16:56.360> to<00:16:56.639> mutual<00:16:57.440> respect<00:16:58.440> is<00:16:58.560> to<00:16:59.000> engage
way to mutual respect is to engage
way to mutual respect is to engage
directly<00:17:00.720> with<00:17:00.880> the<00:17:01.000> moral<00:17:01.720> convictions
directly with the moral convictions
directly with the moral convictions
citizens<00:17:03.199> bring<00:17:03.440> to<00:17:03.800> public<00:17:04.319> life<00:17:05.319> rather
citizens bring to public life rather
citizens bring to public life rather
than<00:17:06.039> to<00:17:06.600> require<00:17:07.600> that<00:17:07.799> people<00:17:08.120> leave<00:17:08.480> their
than to require that people leave their
than to require that people leave their
deepest<00:17:09.079> moral<00:17:09.799> convictions<00:17:10.799> outside
deepest moral convictions outside
deepest moral convictions outside
politics<00:17:12.439> before<00:17:12.799> they<00:17:13.240> enter<00:17:14.240> that<00:17:14.400> it<00:17:14.520> seems
politics before they enter that it seems
politics before they enter that it seems
to<00:17:15.000> me<00:17:15.559> is<00:17:15.720> a<00:17:15.959> way<00:17:16.559> to<00:17:16.880> begin<00:17:17.520> to<00:17:17.799> restore<00:17:18.720> the
to me is a way to begin to restore the
to me is a way to begin to restore the
art<00:17:19.640> of<00:17:19.919> democratic<00:17:20.559> argument<00:17:21.319> thank<00:17:21.480> you
art of democratic argument thank you
art of democratic argument thank you
very
much<00:17:26.839> thank<00:17:27.079> you
thank
you<00:17:35.200> thank<00:17:35.360> you<00:17:35.600> very<00:17:35.960> much<00:17:36.960> thanks<00:17:37.919> thank
you<00:17:41.679> thanks
you thanks
you thanks
great<00:17:43.799> so<00:17:44.640> from<00:17:45.000> flutes<00:17:45.440> to<00:17:45.760> golf<00:17:46.760> courses<00:17:47.200> to
great so from flutes to golf courses to
great so from flutes to golf courses to
same-sex<00:17:47.840> marriage<00:17:48.360> that<00:17:48.440> was<00:17:49.280> genius<00:17:49.720> link
same-sex marriage that was genius link
same-sex marriage that was genius link
now<00:17:50.720> look<00:17:50.880> you're<00:17:51.039> a<00:17:51.240> pioneer<00:17:51.960> of<00:17:52.240> open
now look you're a pioneer of open
now look you're a pioneer of open
education<00:17:53.320> your<00:17:53.480> lecture<00:17:53.760> series<00:17:54.000> was<00:17:54.160> one<00:17:54.240> of
education your lecture series was one of
education your lecture series was one of
the<00:17:54.440> first<00:17:54.640> to<00:17:54.760> do<00:17:54.880> it<00:17:55.039> big<00:17:55.760> what's<00:17:55.919> your
the first to do it big what's your
the first to do it big what's your
vision<00:17:56.400> for<00:17:56.640> the<00:17:57.000> next<00:17:57.320> phase<00:17:57.559> of<00:17:57.760> this<00:17:58.600> well<00:17:59.039> I
vision for the next phase of this well I
vision for the next phase of this well I
think<00:17:59.640> that<00:17:59.919> it<00:18:00.080> is<00:18:00.440> possible<00:18:01.159> in<00:18:01.320> the
think that it is possible in the
think that it is possible in the
classroom<00:18:02.799> we<00:18:03.039> have<00:18:03.320> arguments<00:18:04.320> on<00:18:04.679> some<00:18:05.120> of
classroom we have arguments on some of
classroom we have arguments on some of
the<00:18:05.840> most<00:18:06.080> fiercely<00:18:06.919> held<00:18:07.240> moral<00:18:07.600> convictions
the most fiercely held moral convictions
the most fiercely held moral convictions
that<00:18:08.360> students<00:18:09.080> have<00:18:09.640> about<00:18:10.039> big<00:18:10.360> public
that students have about big public
that students have about big public
questions<00:18:11.720> and<00:18:12.000> I<00:18:12.159> think<00:18:12.400> we<00:18:12.520> can<00:18:12.720> do<00:18:12.960> that<00:18:13.200> in
questions and I think we can do that in
questions and I think we can do that in
public<00:18:13.760> life<00:18:13.960> more<00:18:14.200> generally<00:18:14.640> and<00:18:14.840> so<00:18:15.039> my
public life more generally and so my
public life more generally and so my
real<00:18:15.440> dream<00:18:15.799> would<00:18:15.960> be<00:18:16.120> to<00:18:16.360> take<00:18:17.159> the<00:18:17.640> the
real dream would be to take the the
real dream would be to take the the
public<00:18:18.240> television<00:18:18.760> series<00:18:19.159> that<00:18:19.320> we've
public television series that we've
public television series that we've
created<00:18:19.880> of<00:18:20.039> the<00:18:20.200> course<00:18:20.760> it's<00:18:21.000> available<00:18:21.480> now
created of the course it's available now
created of the course it's available now
online<00:18:22.200> free<00:18:22.480> for<00:18:22.799> everyone<00:18:23.200> anywhere<00:18:23.559> in<00:18:23.679> the
online free for everyone anywhere in the
online free for everyone anywhere in the
world<00:18:24.640> and<00:18:24.760> to<00:18:24.960> see<00:18:25.320> whether<00:18:25.600> we<00:18:25.720> can<00:18:26.039> partner
world and to see whether we can partner
world and to see whether we can partner
with<00:18:26.840> institutions<00:18:27.840> at<00:18:28.000> universities<00:18:28.799> in
with institutions at universities in
with institutions at universities in
China<00:18:29.400> in<00:18:29.640> India<00:18:30.080> in<00:18:30.360> Africa<00:18:30.760> around<00:18:31.080> the
China in India in Africa around the
China in India in Africa around the
world<00:18:31.919> to<00:18:32.120> try<00:18:32.320> to<00:18:33.039> promote<00:18:34.039> uh<00:18:34.240> civic
world to try to promote uh civic
world to try to promote uh civic
education<00:18:36.000> and<00:18:36.280> also<00:18:36.840> a<00:18:37.000> richer<00:18:37.480> kind<00:18:37.960> of
education and also a richer kind of
education and also a richer kind of
democratic
democratic
democratic
debate<00:18:41.000> so<00:18:41.320> you
debate so you
debate so you
picture<00:18:43.559> at<00:18:43.720> some<00:18:43.880> point<00:18:44.120> live<00:18:44.320> in<00:18:44.440> real<00:18:44.760> time
picture at some point live in real time
picture at some point live in real time
you<00:18:45.039> could<00:18:45.240> have<00:18:45.600> this<00:18:45.760> kind<00:18:45.880> of<00:18:46.039> conversation
you could have this kind of conversation
you could have this kind of conversation
inviting<00:18:47.400> questions<00:18:47.919> but<00:18:48.080> with<00:18:48.320> people<00:18:48.760> from
inviting questions but with people from
inviting questions but with people from
China<00:18:49.679> and<00:18:49.840> India<00:18:50.200> joining<00:18:50.559> in<00:18:51.120> right<00:18:51.480> we<00:18:51.640> did
China and India joining in right we did
China and India joining in right we did
a<00:18:51.960> little<00:18:52.120> bit<00:18:52.320> of<00:18:52.440> it<00:18:52.679> here<00:18:53.080> with<00:18:53.320> 1500<00:18:53.960> people
a little bit of it here with 1500 people
a little bit of it here with 1500 people
in<00:18:54.360> Long<00:18:54.840> Beach<00:18:55.840> and<00:18:56.039> we<00:18:56.159> do<00:18:56.360> it<00:18:56.480> in<00:18:56.600> the
in Long Beach and we do it in the
in Long Beach and we do it in the
classroom<00:18:57.720> at<00:18:57.919> Harvard<00:18:58.799> with<00:18:58.960> about<00:18:59.159> a
classroom at Harvard with about a
classroom at Harvard with about a
thousand<00:18:59.720> students<00:19:00.520> wouldn't<00:19:00.760> it<00:19:00.919> be
thousand students wouldn't it be
thousand students wouldn't it be
interesting<00:19:02.200> to<00:19:02.559> take<00:19:03.720> this<00:19:04.720> way<00:19:05.000> of<00:19:05.280> thinking
interesting to take this way of thinking
interesting to take this way of thinking
and<00:19:06.039> arguing<00:19:07.039> engaging<00:19:07.720> seriously<00:19:08.360> with<00:19:08.559> big
and arguing engaging seriously with big
and arguing engaging seriously with big
moral<00:19:09.360> questions<00:19:10.360> exploring<00:19:11.000> cultural
moral questions exploring cultural
moral questions exploring cultural
differences<00:19:12.520> and<00:19:12.760> connect<00:19:13.360> through<00:19:13.840> a<00:19:14.120> live
differences and connect through a live
differences and connect through a live
video<00:19:15.159> hookup<00:19:16.159> students<00:19:16.640> in<00:19:17.159> Beijing<00:19:18.159> and<00:19:18.280> in
video hookup students in Beijing and in
video hookup students in Beijing and in
Mumbai<00:19:19.280> and<00:19:19.400> in<00:19:19.559> Cambridge<00:19:20.039> Massachusetts
Mumbai and in Cambridge Massachusetts
Mumbai and in Cambridge Massachusetts
and<00:19:21.120> create<00:19:21.440> a<00:19:21.679> global<00:19:22.240> classroom<00:19:22.760> that's
and create a global classroom that's
and create a global classroom that's
what<00:19:23.000> I<00:19:23.080> would<00:19:23.240> love<00:19:23.400> to
do<00:19:27.440> so<00:19:28.840> I<00:19:28.919> would<00:19:29.120> imagine<00:19:29.760> um<00:19:30.400> I<00:19:30.480> would<00:19:30.640> imagine
do so I would imagine um I would imagine
do so I would imagine um I would imagine
that<00:19:31.159> there<00:19:31.240> are<00:19:31.320> a<00:19:31.400> lot<00:19:31.520> of<00:19:31.600> people<00:19:31.799> that<00:19:31.960> love
that there are a lot of people that love
that there are a lot of people that love
to<00:19:32.200> join<00:19:32.360> you<00:19:32.480> on<00:19:32.640> that<00:19:32.799> endeavor<00:19:33.360> Michael
to join you on that endeavor Michael
to join you on that endeavor Michael
sandel<00:19:34.000> thank<00:19:34.120> you<00:19:34.200> so<00:19:34.320> much<00:19:34.559> thanks<00:19:34.760> so<00:19:34.960> much
civics, TED, TED, Talk, civic, debate, justice, TED-Ed, Ed, TEDEducation
