The quest to understand consciousness - Antonio Damasio
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[Music]
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[Applause]
here<00:00:16.640> to<00:00:16.840> talk<00:00:17.080> about<00:00:17.640> the<00:00:17.880> Wonder<00:00:18.560> and<00:00:18.880> the
here to talk about the Wonder and the
here to talk about the Wonder and the
Mystery<00:00:21.400> of<00:00:21.800> conscious
Mystery of conscious
Mystery of conscious
Minds<00:00:24.000> The<00:00:24.160> Wonder<00:00:24.599> is<00:00:25.400> about<00:00:25.640> the<00:00:25.840> fact<00:00:26.119> that
Minds The Wonder is about the fact that
Minds The Wonder is about the fact that
we<00:00:26.439> all<00:00:26.679> woke<00:00:26.960> up<00:00:27.199> this<00:00:27.359> morning<00:00:28.080> and<00:00:28.400> we<00:00:28.679> had
we all woke up this morning and we had
we all woke up this morning and we had
with<00:00:29.519> it<00:00:29.759> the<00:00:30.080> amazing<00:00:30.640> return<00:00:30.880> of<00:00:31.000> our
with it the amazing return of our
with it the amazing return of our
conscious<00:00:31.720> mind<00:00:32.559> uh<00:00:32.719> we<00:00:32.920> recovered<00:00:33.600> Minds
conscious mind uh we recovered Minds
conscious mind uh we recovered Minds
with<00:00:34.160> a<00:00:34.320> complete<00:00:34.840> sense<00:00:35.239> of<00:00:35.480> self<00:00:36.040> and<00:00:36.200> a
with a complete sense of self and a
with a complete sense of self and a
complete<00:00:36.680> sense<00:00:36.920> of<00:00:37.040> our<00:00:37.239> own<00:00:37.480> existence<00:00:38.399> and
complete sense of our own existence and
complete sense of our own existence and
we<00:00:38.719> hardly<00:00:39.000> ever<00:00:39.360> pause<00:00:39.719> to<00:00:39.920> consider<00:00:40.360> this
we hardly ever pause to consider this
we hardly ever pause to consider this
Wonder<00:00:41.640> we<00:00:41.760> should<00:00:42.280> in<00:00:42.520> fact<00:00:42.920> because<00:00:43.280> without
Wonder we should in fact because without
Wonder we should in fact because without
having<00:00:44.440> this<00:00:44.719> possibility<00:00:45.320> of<00:00:45.520> conscious
having this possibility of conscious
having this possibility of conscious
Minds<00:00:46.719> we<00:00:46.840> would<00:00:47.079> have<00:00:47.600> no<00:00:47.879> knowledge
Minds we would have no knowledge
Minds we would have no knowledge
whatsoever<00:00:49.360> about<00:00:49.840> our<00:00:50.160> Humanity<00:00:50.800> we<00:00:50.920> would
whatsoever about our Humanity we would
whatsoever about our Humanity we would
have<00:00:51.360> no<00:00:51.640> knowledge<00:00:52.120> whatsoever<00:00:53.000> about<00:00:53.239> the
have no knowledge whatsoever about the
have no knowledge whatsoever about the
world<00:00:54.000> we<00:00:54.120> would<00:00:54.320> have<00:00:54.480> no<00:00:54.760> pains<00:00:55.320> but<00:00:55.480> also<00:00:55.760> no
world we would have no pains but also no
world we would have no pains but also no
Joys<00:00:56.800> we<00:00:56.920> would<00:00:57.199> have<00:00:57.559> no<00:00:58.320> access<00:00:58.680> to<00:00:58.960> love<00:00:59.440> or
Joys we would have no access to love or
Joys we would have no access to love or
to<00:01:00.199> the<00:01:00.359> ability<00:01:00.719> to<00:01:00.920> create<00:01:01.840> uh<00:01:01.960> and<00:01:02.079> of
to the ability to create uh and of
to the ability to create uh and of
course<00:01:02.800> Scott<00:01:03.079> Fitzgerald<00:01:03.760> said<00:01:04.280> famously
course Scott Fitzgerald said famously
course Scott Fitzgerald said famously
that<00:01:05.799> uh<00:01:05.960> he<00:01:06.119> who<00:01:06.360> invented<00:01:07.159> Consciousness<00:01:08.159> uh
that uh he who invented Consciousness uh
that uh he who invented Consciousness uh
would<00:01:08.520> have<00:01:08.840> a<00:01:09.000> lot<00:01:09.240> to<00:01:09.560> be<00:01:09.759> blamed<00:01:10.200> for<00:01:10.960> but<00:01:11.119> he
would have a lot to be blamed for but he
would have a lot to be blamed for but he
also<00:01:11.680> forgot<00:01:12.400> that<00:01:12.920> uh<00:01:13.159> without
also forgot that uh without
also forgot that uh without
Consciousness<00:01:14.200> he<00:01:14.320> would<00:01:14.560> have<00:01:14.759> no<00:01:15.159> access<00:01:15.720> to
Consciousness he would have no access to
Consciousness he would have no access to
true<00:01:16.479> happiness<00:01:17.320> and<00:01:17.560> even<00:01:17.759> to<00:01:17.920> the
true happiness and even to the
true happiness and even to the
possibility<00:01:18.640> of<00:01:19.159> transcendence<00:01:20.159> so<00:01:20.400> much<00:01:20.600> for
possibility of transcendence so much for
possibility of transcendence so much for
the<00:01:21.280> Wonder<00:01:21.920> now<00:01:22.079> for<00:01:22.240> the<00:01:22.400> mystery<00:01:23.040> this<00:01:23.119> is<00:01:23.240> a
the Wonder now for the mystery this is a
the Wonder now for the mystery this is a
mystery<00:01:23.960> that<00:01:24.240> has<00:01:24.640> really<00:01:24.920> been<00:01:25.439> extremely
mystery that has really been extremely
mystery that has really been extremely
hard<00:01:26.640> to<00:01:27.079> elucidate<00:01:28.079> uh<00:01:28.320> all<00:01:28.479> the<00:01:28.640> way<00:01:28.880> back
hard to elucidate uh all the way back
hard to elucidate uh all the way back
into<00:01:29.360> early<00:01:29.600> philos<00:01:29.880> phos<00:01:30.119> ophy<00:01:30.600> and
into early philos phos ophy and
into early philos phos ophy and
certainly<00:01:31.759> throughout<00:01:32.280> the<00:01:32.439> history<00:01:32.759> of
certainly throughout the history of
certainly throughout the history of
Neuroscience<00:01:34.200> uh<00:01:34.439> this<00:01:34.680> has<00:01:34.880> been<00:01:35.320> one
Neuroscience uh this has been one
Neuroscience uh this has been one
mystery<00:01:36.320> that<00:01:36.560> has<00:01:36.880> always<00:01:37.320> resisted
mystery that has always resisted
mystery that has always resisted
elucidation<00:01:38.920> has<00:01:39.119> caused<00:01:39.479> major
elucidation has caused major
elucidation has caused major
controversies<00:01:40.720> and<00:01:40.880> there<00:01:41.000> are<00:01:41.240> actually
controversies and there are actually
controversies and there are actually
many<00:01:41.920> people<00:01:42.280> that<00:01:42.479> think<00:01:42.759> that<00:01:42.920> we<00:01:43.000> should
many people that think that we should
many people that think that we should
not<00:01:43.399> even<00:01:43.680> touch<00:01:43.960> it<00:01:44.320> we<00:01:44.399> should<00:01:44.640> just<00:01:44.799> leave
not even touch it we should just leave
not even touch it we should just leave
it<00:01:45.159> alone<00:01:45.880> it's<00:01:46.079> not<00:01:46.280> to<00:01:46.399> be<00:01:46.560> solved<00:01:47.280> I<00:01:47.399> don't
it alone it's not to be solved I don't
it alone it's not to be solved I don't
believe<00:01:48.079> that<00:01:48.360> and<00:01:48.560> I<00:01:48.719> think<00:01:49.119> the<00:01:49.280> situation
believe that and I think the situation
believe that and I think the situation
is<00:01:49.960> changing<00:01:50.759> it<00:01:50.880> would<00:01:51.079> be<00:01:51.360> ridiculous<00:01:51.880> to
is changing it would be ridiculous to
is changing it would be ridiculous to
claim<00:01:52.520> that<00:01:52.680> we<00:01:52.840> know<00:01:53.439> how<00:01:53.799> we<00:01:54.000> make
claim that we know how we make
claim that we know how we make
Consciousness<00:01:55.640> uh<00:01:55.840> in<00:01:56.119> our<00:01:56.799> in<00:01:56.920> our<00:01:57.159> brains
Consciousness uh in our in our brains
Consciousness uh in our in our brains
but<00:01:57.880> we<00:01:58.039> certainly<00:01:58.560> can<00:01:58.880> begin<00:01:59.399> to<00:01:59.880> approach
but we certainly can begin to approach
but we certainly can begin to approach
the<00:02:00.759> the<00:02:00.920> the<00:02:01.119> question<00:02:01.840> and<00:02:02.039> we<00:02:02.240> can<00:02:02.600> begin<00:02:02.880> to
the the the question and we can begin to
the the the question and we can begin to
see<00:02:03.280> the<00:02:03.479> shape<00:02:04.280> um<00:02:04.479> of<00:02:04.560> a<00:02:04.759> solution<00:02:05.600> and<00:02:05.920> one
see the shape um of a solution and one
see the shape um of a solution and one
more<00:02:06.360> Wonder<00:02:06.799> to<00:02:07.319> celebrate<00:02:08.319> uh<00:02:08.440> is<00:02:08.640> the<00:02:08.840> fact
more Wonder to celebrate uh is the fact
more Wonder to celebrate uh is the fact
that<00:02:10.319> we<00:02:10.520> have<00:02:10.800> Imaging<00:02:11.520> Technologies<00:02:12.520> that
that we have Imaging Technologies that
that we have Imaging Technologies that
now<00:02:13.040> allow<00:02:13.400> us<00:02:13.599> to<00:02:13.800> go<00:02:14.280> inside<00:02:14.760> the<00:02:14.879> human
now allow us to go inside the human
now allow us to go inside the human
brain<00:02:16.000> and<00:02:16.400> be<00:02:16.599> able<00:02:16.840> to<00:02:17.040> do<00:02:17.599> for<00:02:17.800> example<00:02:18.319> what
brain and be able to do for example what
brain and be able to do for example what
you're<00:02:18.599> seeing<00:02:19.080> right<00:02:19.280> now<00:02:19.760> these<00:02:19.879> are<00:02:20.080> images
you're seeing right now these are images
you're seeing right now these are images
that<00:02:20.720> come<00:02:21.120> from<00:02:21.480> hanasu<00:02:22.440> lab<00:02:23.160> and<00:02:23.440> which<00:02:23.599> show
that come from hanasu lab and which show
that come from hanasu lab and which show
you<00:02:24.160> in<00:02:24.400> a<00:02:24.599> living<00:02:25.200> brain<00:02:26.080> the<00:02:26.400> Reconstruction
you in a living brain the Reconstruction
you in a living brain the Reconstruction
of<00:02:27.640> that<00:02:27.879> brain<00:02:28.360> and<00:02:28.599> this<00:02:28.879> is<00:02:29.160> a<00:02:29.319> person<00:02:29.560> who
of that brain and this is a person who
of that brain and this is a person who
alive<00:02:30.400> this<00:02:30.519> is<00:02:30.680> not<00:02:31.080> a<00:02:31.280> person<00:02:32.000> that<00:02:32.400> uh<00:02:32.560> is
alive this is not a person that uh is
alive this is not a person that uh is
being<00:02:33.440> studied<00:02:33.879> at<00:02:34.120> autopsy<00:02:35.000> and<00:02:35.400> even<00:02:35.720> more
being studied at autopsy and even more
being studied at autopsy and even more
and<00:02:36.360> this<00:02:36.480> is<00:02:36.640> something<00:02:37.080> that<00:02:37.239> one<00:02:37.440> can<00:02:37.640> be
and this is something that one can be
and this is something that one can be
really<00:02:38.599> amazed<00:02:39.120> about<00:02:39.720> is<00:02:39.959> what<00:02:40.120> I'm<00:02:40.319> going<00:02:40.519> to
really amazed about is what I'm going to
really amazed about is what I'm going to
show<00:02:40.920> you<00:02:41.200> next<00:02:41.879> which<00:02:42.080> is<00:02:42.519> going<00:02:42.959> underneath
show you next which is going underneath
show you next which is going underneath
the<00:02:43.680> surface<00:02:44.080> of<00:02:44.239> the<00:02:44.400> brain<00:02:45.080> and<00:02:45.360> actually
the surface of the brain and actually
the surface of the brain and actually
looking<00:02:46.400> in<00:02:46.519> the<00:02:46.680> living<00:02:47.040> brain<00:02:47.760> at<00:02:48.280> real
looking in the living brain at real
looking in the living brain at real
connections<00:02:49.519> real<00:02:49.959> Pathways<00:02:50.599> so<00:02:51.200> all<00:02:51.440> of
connections real Pathways so all of
connections real Pathways so all of
those<00:02:52.200> colored<00:02:52.920> lines<00:02:53.760> correspond<00:02:54.480> to
those colored lines correspond to
those colored lines correspond to
Bunches<00:02:55.239> of<00:02:55.560> axons<00:02:56.560> the<00:02:56.800> fibers<00:02:57.440> that<00:02:57.640> join
Bunches of axons the fibers that join
Bunches of axons the fibers that join
cell<00:02:58.560> bodies<00:02:59.080> to<00:03:00.040> uh<00:03:00.360> synapses<00:03:01.360> and<00:03:01.640> I'm<00:03:01.959> sorry
cell bodies to uh synapses and I'm sorry
cell bodies to uh synapses and I'm sorry
to<00:03:02.440> disappoint<00:03:02.879> you<00:03:03.040> they<00:03:03.200> don't<00:03:03.400> come<00:03:03.599> in
to disappoint you they don't come in
to disappoint you they don't come in
color<00:03:04.599> but<00:03:04.840> at<00:03:05.000> any<00:03:05.280> rate<00:03:05.959> uh<00:03:06.120> they<00:03:06.239> are<00:03:06.480> there
color but at any rate uh they are there
color but at any rate uh they are there
the<00:03:06.840> colors<00:03:07.200> are<00:03:07.799> codes<00:03:08.200> for<00:03:08.480> the<00:03:08.680> direction
the colors are codes for the direction
the colors are codes for the direction
for<00:03:09.560> whether<00:03:09.799> it<00:03:09.920> is<00:03:10.440> back<00:03:10.640> to<00:03:10.840> front<00:03:11.239> or<00:03:11.599> vice
for whether it is back to front or vice
for whether it is back to front or vice
versa<00:03:12.799> um<00:03:13.120> at<00:03:13.280> any<00:03:13.560> rate<00:03:14.519> what<00:03:14.680> is
versa um at any rate what is
versa um at any rate what is
consciousness<00:03:16.000> uh<00:03:16.239> what<00:03:16.360> is<00:03:16.599> a<00:03:16.799> conscious
consciousness uh what is a conscious
consciousness uh what is a conscious
mind<00:03:18.040> uh<00:03:18.200> and<00:03:18.360> we<00:03:18.480> could<00:03:19.000> take<00:03:19.159> a<00:03:19.319> very<00:03:19.519> simple
mind uh and we could take a very simple
mind uh and we could take a very simple
view<00:03:20.360> and<00:03:20.560> say<00:03:20.920> well<00:03:21.480> it<00:03:21.640> is<00:03:22.000> that<00:03:22.280> which<00:03:22.480> we
view and say well it is that which we
view and say well it is that which we
lose<00:03:23.440> when<00:03:23.720> we<00:03:24.000> fall<00:03:24.760> into<00:03:25.760> uh<00:03:25.959> deep<00:03:26.799> uh<00:03:26.959> sleep
lose when we fall into uh deep uh sleep
lose when we fall into uh deep uh sleep
without<00:03:27.840> dreams<00:03:28.840> uh<00:03:29.000> or<00:03:29.239> when<00:03:29.360> we<00:03:29.519> go<00:03:29.799> under
without dreams uh or when we go under
without dreams uh or when we go under
anesthesia<00:03:30.959> and<00:03:31.120> it<00:03:31.239> is<00:03:31.439> what<00:03:31.599> we<00:03:31.799> regain<00:03:32.439> when
anesthesia and it is what we regain when
anesthesia and it is what we regain when
we<00:03:32.879> recover<00:03:33.560> from<00:03:33.920> sleep<00:03:34.480> or<00:03:34.720> from<00:03:35.319> anesthesia
we recover from sleep or from anesthesia
we recover from sleep or from anesthesia
um<00:03:36.680> but<00:03:36.920> what<00:03:37.040> is<00:03:37.280> exactly<00:03:37.879> that<00:03:38.159> stuff<00:03:38.519> that
um but what is exactly that stuff that
um but what is exactly that stuff that
we<00:03:38.840> lose<00:03:39.400> under<00:03:39.799> anesthesia<00:03:40.720> or<00:03:40.959> when<00:03:41.159> we<00:03:41.280> are
we lose under anesthesia or when we are
we lose under anesthesia or when we are
in<00:03:41.799> deep<00:03:42.200> dreamless<00:03:42.760> Sleep<00:03:43.560> well<00:03:43.959> first<00:03:44.159> of
in deep dreamless Sleep well first of
in deep dreamless Sleep well first of
all<00:03:45.080> uh<00:03:45.239> it<00:03:45.360> is<00:03:45.959> a<00:03:46.159> mind<00:03:46.599> which<00:03:46.720> is<00:03:46.840> a<00:03:47.000> flow<00:03:47.480> of
all uh it is a mind which is a flow of
all uh it is a mind which is a flow of
mental<00:03:48.159> images<00:03:48.760> and<00:03:49.000> of<00:03:49.120> course<00:03:49.400> consider
mental images and of course consider
mental images and of course consider
images<00:03:50.400> that<00:03:50.599> can<00:03:50.799> be<00:03:51.000> sensory<00:03:51.640> patterns
images that can be sensory patterns
images that can be sensory patterns
visual<00:03:53.040> such<00:03:53.239> as<00:03:53.360> you're<00:03:53.560> having<00:03:53.959> right<00:03:54.159> now
visual such as you're having right now
visual such as you're having right now
in<00:03:54.560> relation<00:03:55.200> to<00:03:55.400> the<00:03:55.519> stage<00:03:55.840> in<00:03:56.079> me<00:03:56.560> or
in relation to the stage in me or
in relation to the stage in me or
auditory<00:03:57.599> images<00:03:58.120> as<00:03:58.280> you're<00:03:58.519> having<00:03:58.879> now<00:03:59.079> in
auditory images as you're having now in
auditory images as you're having now in
relation<00:03:59.799> to<00:03:59.959> my<00:04:00.480> to<00:04:00.680> my<00:04:00.879> words<00:04:01.720> that<00:04:01.920> flow<00:04:02.239> of
relation to my to my words that flow of
relation to my to my words that flow of
mental<00:04:02.760> images<00:04:03.400> is<00:04:04.079> mind<00:04:05.079> but<00:04:05.400> there<00:04:05.519> is
mental images is mind but there is
mental images is mind but there is
something<00:04:06.120> else<00:04:06.439> that<00:04:06.599> we<00:04:06.879> all<00:04:07.319> experiencing
something else that we all experiencing
something else that we all experiencing
in<00:04:08.200> this<00:04:08.400> room<00:04:09.040> we<00:04:09.159> are<00:04:09.400> not<00:04:09.879> passive
in this room we are not passive
in this room we are not passive
exhibitors<00:04:11.400> of<00:04:11.799> visual<00:04:12.439> or<00:04:12.959> auditory<00:04:13.840> or
exhibitors of visual or auditory or
exhibitors of visual or auditory or
tactile<00:04:14.959> images<00:04:15.959> we<00:04:16.359> have<00:04:17.000> selves<00:04:18.000> we<00:04:18.320> have<00:04:18.720> a
tactile images we have selves we have a
tactile images we have selves we have a
me<00:04:19.600> that<00:04:19.840> is<00:04:20.400> automatically<00:04:21.320> present<00:04:22.040> in<00:04:22.240> our
me that is automatically present in our
me that is automatically present in our
minds<00:04:22.960> right<00:04:23.160> now<00:04:23.520> we<00:04:23.800> own<00:04:24.280> our<00:04:24.639> minds<00:04:25.400> and<00:04:25.560> we
minds right now we own our minds and we
minds right now we own our minds and we
have<00:04:25.880> a<00:04:26.120> sense<00:04:26.560> that<00:04:27.000> it's<00:04:27.840> every<00:04:28.080> one<00:04:28.320> of<00:04:28.479> us
have a sense that it's every one of us
have a sense that it's every one of us
that<00:04:28.880> is<00:04:29.120> experiencing<00:04:29.880> in<00:04:30.120> this<00:04:30.400> not<00:04:30.759> the
that is experiencing in this not the
that is experiencing in this not the
person<00:04:31.240> who<00:04:31.360> is<00:04:31.520> sitting<00:04:32.360> uh<00:04:32.520> next<00:04:32.800> to<00:04:33.000> you<00:04:33.520> so
person who is sitting uh next to you so
person who is sitting uh next to you so
in<00:04:34.240> order<00:04:34.560> to<00:04:35.440> have<00:04:35.759> a<00:04:36.000> conscious<00:04:36.520> mind<00:04:37.199> you
in order to have a conscious mind you
in order to have a conscious mind you
have<00:04:38.199> a<00:04:38.479> self<00:04:39.000> within<00:04:39.320> the<00:04:39.520> conscious<00:04:40.000> mind<00:04:40.520> so
have a self within the conscious mind so
have a self within the conscious mind so
a<00:04:40.880> conscious<00:04:41.320> mind<00:04:41.680> is<00:04:41.800> a<00:04:41.960> mind<00:04:42.199> with<00:04:42.320> a<00:04:42.479> self
a conscious mind is a mind with a self
a conscious mind is a mind with a self
in<00:04:42.919> it<00:04:43.320> the<00:04:43.440> self<00:04:43.759> introduces<00:04:44.360> a<00:04:44.639> subjective
in it the self introduces a subjective
in it the self introduces a subjective
perspective<00:04:45.759> in<00:04:45.880> the<00:04:46.039> mind<00:04:46.600> and<00:04:46.759> we<00:04:46.880> are<00:04:47.080> only
perspective in the mind and we are only
perspective in the mind and we are only
fully<00:04:47.840> conscious<00:04:48.639> when<00:04:49.080> self<00:04:49.479> comes<00:04:49.759> to<00:04:49.960> mind
fully conscious when self comes to mind
fully conscious when self comes to mind
so<00:04:51.039> what<00:04:51.160> we<00:04:51.280> need<00:04:51.479> to<00:04:51.680> know<00:04:52.080> to<00:04:52.320> even<00:04:52.600> address
so what we need to know to even address
so what we need to know to even address
this<00:04:53.240> mystery<00:04:53.960> is<00:04:54.199> number<00:04:54.520> one<00:04:55.080> how<00:04:55.280> minds<00:04:55.600> are
this mystery is number one how minds are
this mystery is number one how minds are
put<00:04:56.160> together<00:04:56.560> in<00:04:56.680> the<00:04:56.840> brain<00:04:57.639> and<00:04:57.960> number<00:04:58.240> two
put together in the brain and number two
put together in the brain and number two
how<00:04:58.880> selves<00:04:59.280> are<00:04:59.400> con<00:04:59.720> constructed<00:05:00.720> now<00:05:01.600> the
how selves are con constructed now the
how selves are con constructed now the
first<00:05:02.080> part<00:05:02.400> the<00:05:02.560> first<00:05:02.919> problem<00:05:03.560> is
first part the first problem is
first part the first problem is
relatively<00:05:04.880> easy<00:05:05.360> it's<00:05:05.560> not<00:05:05.759> easy<00:05:06.039> at<00:05:06.199> all<00:05:06.560> but
relatively easy it's not easy at all but
relatively easy it's not easy at all but
it<00:05:07.039> it<00:05:07.160> is<00:05:07.360> something<00:05:07.840> that<00:05:07.960> has<00:05:08.120> been
it it is something that has been
it it is something that has been
approached<00:05:09.199> gradually<00:05:09.680> in<00:05:09.919> neuroscience<00:05:10.919> and
approached gradually in neuroscience and
approached gradually in neuroscience and
uh<00:05:11.639> it's<00:05:11.919> quite<00:05:12.199> clear<00:05:12.800> that<00:05:13.320> in<00:05:13.440> order<00:05:13.680> to
uh it's quite clear that in order to
uh it's quite clear that in order to
make<00:05:14.039> Minds<00:05:14.479> we<00:05:14.600> need<00:05:14.759> to<00:05:14.960> construct<00:05:15.680> neural
make Minds we need to construct neural
make Minds we need to construct neural
Maps<00:05:16.639> so<00:05:16.919> imagine<00:05:17.280> a<00:05:17.520> grid<00:05:17.960> like<00:05:18.120> the<00:05:18.240> one<00:05:18.440> I'm
Maps so imagine a grid like the one I'm
Maps so imagine a grid like the one I'm
showing<00:05:19.000> you<00:05:19.319> right<00:05:19.479> now<00:05:20.000> and<00:05:20.120> now<00:05:20.400> imagine
showing you right now and now imagine
showing you right now and now imagine
within<00:05:21.360> that<00:05:21.639> grid<00:05:22.080> that<00:05:22.520> two-dimensional
within that grid that two-dimensional
within that grid that two-dimensional
sheath<00:05:24.360> imagine<00:05:24.919> neurons<00:05:25.880> and<00:05:26.240> picture<00:05:26.960> if
sheath imagine neurons and picture if
sheath imagine neurons and picture if
you<00:05:27.319> will<00:05:27.960> a<00:05:28.240> billboard<00:05:28.919> a<00:05:29.120> digital<00:05:29.720> billboard
you will a billboard a digital billboard
you will a billboard a digital billboard
where<00:05:30.400> you<00:05:30.600> have<00:05:30.880> elements<00:05:31.440> that<00:05:31.639> can<00:05:31.840> be
where you have elements that can be
where you have elements that can be
either<00:05:32.720> lit<00:05:33.280> or<00:05:33.520> not<00:05:34.400> and<00:05:35.080> depending<00:05:35.520> on<00:05:35.840> how
either lit or not and depending on how
either lit or not and depending on how
you<00:05:36.479> create<00:05:36.880> the<00:05:37.120> pattern<00:05:37.680> of<00:05:37.840> lighting<00:05:38.240> or
you create the pattern of lighting or
you create the pattern of lighting or
not<00:05:38.720> lighting<00:05:39.600> the<00:05:39.960> digital<00:05:40.479> elements<00:05:41.120> or<00:05:41.400> for
not lighting the digital elements or for
not lighting the digital elements or for
that<00:05:41.840> matter<00:05:42.160> the<00:05:42.280> neurons<00:05:42.759> in<00:05:42.880> the<00:05:43.000> sheet
that matter the neurons in the sheet
that matter the neurons in the sheet
you're<00:05:44.000> going<00:05:44.240> to<00:05:44.400> be<00:05:44.560> able<00:05:44.800> to<00:05:45.000> construct<00:05:45.479> a
you're going to be able to construct a
you're going to be able to construct a
map<00:05:46.400> this<00:05:46.520> is<00:05:46.720> of<00:05:46.880> course<00:05:47.039> a<00:05:47.199> visual<00:05:47.560> map<00:05:47.840> that
map this is of course a visual map that
map this is of course a visual map that
I'm<00:05:48.160> showing<00:05:48.520> you<00:05:48.759> but<00:05:48.880> this<00:05:49.080> applies<00:05:49.479> to<00:05:49.800> any
I'm showing you but this applies to any
I'm showing you but this applies to any
kind<00:05:50.280> of<00:05:50.520> map<00:05:50.919> auditory<00:05:51.560> for<00:05:51.720> example<00:05:52.080> in
kind of map auditory for example in
kind of map auditory for example in
relation<00:05:52.520> to<00:05:52.720> sound<00:05:53.039> frequencies<00:05:54.000> or<00:05:54.199> to<00:05:54.360> the
relation to sound frequencies or to the
relation to sound frequencies or to the
maps<00:05:54.880> that<00:05:55.000> we<00:05:55.199> construct<00:05:55.759> with<00:05:55.919> our<00:05:56.199> skin<00:05:56.840> in
maps that we construct with our skin in
maps that we construct with our skin in
relation<00:05:57.360> to<00:05:57.560> an<00:05:57.800> object<00:05:58.280> that<00:05:58.479> we<00:05:58.960> palpate
relation to an object that we palpate
relation to an object that we palpate
now<00:06:00.479> to<00:06:00.639> bring<00:06:00.919> home<00:06:01.199> the<00:06:01.400> point<00:06:01.880> of<00:06:02.160> how<00:06:02.520> close
now to bring home the point of how close
now to bring home the point of how close
it<00:06:03.080> is<00:06:03.919> the<00:06:04.120> relationship<00:06:04.800> between<00:06:05.160> the<00:06:05.319> grid
it is the relationship between the grid
it is the relationship between the grid
of<00:06:05.919> neurons<00:06:06.759> and<00:06:06.960> the<00:06:07.120> topographical
of neurons and the topographical
of neurons and the topographical
arrangement<00:06:08.720> of<00:06:08.960> the<00:06:09.240> the<00:06:09.440> activity<00:06:09.919> of<00:06:10.039> the
arrangement of the the activity of the
arrangement of the the activity of the
neurons<00:06:11.039> and<00:06:11.479> our<00:06:11.720> mental<00:06:12.199> experience<00:06:13.000> I'm
neurons and our mental experience I'm
neurons and our mental experience I'm
going<00:06:13.319> to<00:06:13.520> tell<00:06:13.680> you<00:06:13.840> a<00:06:14.000> personal<00:06:14.479> story<00:06:15.280> so<00:06:15.919> if
going to tell you a personal story so if
going to tell you a personal story so if
I<00:06:16.319> cover<00:06:16.759> my<00:06:17.000> left<00:06:17.360> eye<00:06:17.919> I'm<00:06:18.080> talking<00:06:18.360> about<00:06:18.599> me
I cover my left eye I'm talking about me
I cover my left eye I'm talking about me
personally<00:06:19.360> not<00:06:19.720> all<00:06:19.880> of<00:06:20.080> you<00:06:20.440> if<00:06:20.560> I<00:06:20.720> cover<00:06:21.039> my
personally not all of you if I cover my
personally not all of you if I cover my
left<00:06:21.599> eye<00:06:21.919> I<00:06:22.039> look<00:06:22.240> at<00:06:22.400> the<00:06:22.560> grid<00:06:23.080> pretty<00:06:23.319> much
left eye I look at the grid pretty much
left eye I look at the grid pretty much
like<00:06:23.840> the<00:06:23.919> one<00:06:24.160> I'm<00:06:24.319> showing<00:06:24.759> you<00:06:25.240> everything
like the one I'm showing you everything
like the one I'm showing you everything
is<00:06:25.880> nice<00:06:26.120> and<00:06:26.319> fine<00:06:26.560> and<00:06:27.000> perpendicular<00:06:28.000> but
is nice and fine and perpendicular but
is nice and fine and perpendicular but
some<00:06:28.560> time<00:06:28.759> ago<00:06:29.000> I<00:06:29.280> discovered<00:06:29.680> that<00:06:29.800> if<00:06:29.919> I
some time ago I discovered that if I
some time ago I discovered that if I
cover<00:06:30.479> my<00:06:31.240> left<00:06:31.960> eye<00:06:32.639> instead<00:06:33.199> what<00:06:33.319> I<00:06:33.479> get<00:06:33.800> is
cover my left eye instead what I get is
cover my left eye instead what I get is
this<00:06:34.680> I<00:06:34.800> look<00:06:34.960> at<00:06:35.080> the<00:06:35.280> grid<00:06:35.880> and<00:06:36.039> I<00:06:36.160> see<00:06:36.400> a
this I look at the grid and I see a
this I look at the grid and I see a
warping<00:06:37.560> at<00:06:37.720> the<00:06:37.880> edge<00:06:38.440> of<00:06:38.680> my<00:06:38.960> central<00:06:39.759> left
warping at the edge of my central left
warping at the edge of my central left
field<00:06:40.800> very<00:06:41.000> odd<00:06:41.360> I've<00:06:41.520> analyzed<00:06:42.120> this<00:06:42.240> for<00:06:42.440> a
field very odd I've analyzed this for a
field very odd I've analyzed this for a
while<00:06:43.280> but<00:06:43.800> some<00:06:44.080> time<00:06:44.319> ago<00:06:45.039> uh<00:06:45.319> through<00:06:45.680> the
while but some time ago uh through the
while but some time ago uh through the
help<00:06:46.199> of<00:06:46.360> an<00:06:46.800> opthalmologist<00:06:47.800> colleague<00:06:48.120> of
help of an opthalmologist colleague of
help of an opthalmologist colleague of
mine<00:06:48.680> Carmen<00:06:49.440> Pito<00:06:50.440> who<00:06:51.039> developed<00:06:51.720> a<00:06:51.880> laser
mine Carmen Pito who developed a laser
mine Carmen Pito who developed a laser
scanner<00:06:52.720> of<00:06:52.880> the<00:06:53.039> retina<00:06:53.800> I<00:06:53.919> found<00:06:54.160> out<00:06:54.400> the
scanner of the retina I found out the
scanner of the retina I found out the
following<00:06:55.440> if<00:06:55.639> I<00:06:55.919> scan<00:06:56.440> my<00:06:56.639> retina<00:06:57.400> through
following if I scan my retina through
following if I scan my retina through
the<00:06:57.800> horizontal<00:06:58.440> plane<00:06:58.840> that<00:06:58.960> you<00:06:59.080> see<00:06:59.319> there
the horizontal plane that you see there
the horizontal plane that you see there
in<00:06:59.720> the<00:06:59.840> little<00:07:00.400> corner<00:07:01.120> what<00:07:01.240> I<00:07:01.479> get<00:07:02.000> is<00:07:02.280> the
in the little corner what I get is the
in the little corner what I get is the
following<00:07:02.840> on<00:07:03.000> the<00:07:03.240> right<00:07:03.520> side<00:07:03.800> my<00:07:03.960> retina<00:07:04.440> is
following on the right side my retina is
following on the right side my retina is
perfectly<00:07:05.000> symmetrical<00:07:05.599> you<00:07:05.759> see<00:07:06.000> the<00:07:06.360> going
perfectly symmetrical you see the going
perfectly symmetrical you see the going
down<00:07:07.000> towards<00:07:07.400> the<00:07:07.639> fobia<00:07:08.639> uh<00:07:08.800> where<00:07:08.960> the
down towards the fobia uh where the
down towards the fobia uh where the
optic<00:07:09.440> nerve<00:07:09.879> begins<00:07:10.599> but<00:07:10.720> on<00:07:10.960> my<00:07:11.400> left<00:07:11.759> retina
optic nerve begins but on my left retina
optic nerve begins but on my left retina
there<00:07:12.479> is<00:07:12.599> a<00:07:12.759> bump<00:07:13.240> which<00:07:13.360> is<00:07:13.479> marked<00:07:13.879> there<00:07:14.039> by
there is a bump which is marked there by
there is a bump which is marked there by
the<00:07:14.360> red<00:07:14.639> arrow<00:07:15.240> and<00:07:15.400> it<00:07:15.599> corresponds<00:07:16.120> to<00:07:16.240> a
the red arrow and it corresponds to a
the red arrow and it corresponds to a
little<00:07:16.720> cyst<00:07:17.360> that<00:07:17.479> is<00:07:18.000> located<00:07:18.520> below<00:07:19.319> and
little cyst that is located below and
little cyst that is located below and
that<00:07:20.199> is<00:07:20.479> exactly<00:07:20.960> what<00:07:21.199> causes<00:07:21.639> the<00:07:21.800> warping
that is exactly what causes the warping
that is exactly what causes the warping
of<00:07:22.840> my<00:07:23.599> visual<00:07:24.280> image<00:07:25.000> so<00:07:25.479> just<00:07:25.759> think<00:07:25.960> of<00:07:26.199> this
of my visual image so just think of this
of my visual image so just think of this
you<00:07:26.599> have<00:07:26.759> a<00:07:26.919> grid<00:07:27.199> of<00:07:27.360> neurons<00:07:28.039> and<00:07:28.199> now<00:07:28.400> you
you have a grid of neurons and now you
you have a grid of neurons and now you
have<00:07:28.759> a<00:07:29.039> plain
have a plain
have a plain
mechanical<00:07:31.639> uh<00:07:32.280> change<00:07:32.919> in<00:07:33.160> the<00:07:33.319> position<00:07:33.680> of
mechanical uh change in the position of
mechanical uh change in the position of
the<00:07:34.000> grid<00:07:34.520> and<00:07:34.680> you<00:07:34.840> get<00:07:34.960> a<00:07:35.160> warping<00:07:35.720> of<00:07:35.879> your
the grid and you get a warping of your
the grid and you get a warping of your
mental<00:07:36.560> experience<00:07:37.319> so<00:07:37.680> this<00:07:37.800> is<00:07:38.039> how<00:07:38.319> close
mental experience so this is how close
mental experience so this is how close
your<00:07:39.199> mental<00:07:39.680> experience<00:07:40.599> and<00:07:40.879> the<00:07:41.080> activity
your mental experience and the activity
your mental experience and the activity
of<00:07:41.800> the<00:07:41.960> neurons<00:07:42.720> in<00:07:42.879> the<00:07:43.000> retina<00:07:43.560> which<00:07:43.680> is<00:07:43.800> a
of the neurons in the retina which is a
of the neurons in the retina which is a
part<00:07:44.159> of<00:07:44.319> the<00:07:44.479> brain<00:07:44.919> located<00:07:45.479> in<00:07:45.599> the<00:07:45.759> eyeball
part of the brain located in the eyeball
part of the brain located in the eyeball
or<00:07:47.080> for<00:07:47.319> that<00:07:47.520> matter<00:07:48.000> a<00:07:48.159> sheath<00:07:48.720> of<00:07:49.120> visual
or for that matter a sheath of visual
or for that matter a sheath of visual
cortex<00:07:50.280> so<00:07:50.759> from<00:07:50.960> the<00:07:51.120> retina<00:07:51.639> you<00:07:51.800> go<00:07:51.960> on<00:07:52.159> to
cortex so from the retina you go on to
cortex so from the retina you go on to
visual<00:07:52.759> cortex<00:07:53.360> and<00:07:53.919> the<00:07:54.080> of<00:07:54.199> course<00:07:54.440> the
visual cortex and the of course the
visual cortex and the of course the
brain<00:07:55.240> adds<00:07:55.560> on<00:07:55.960> a<00:07:56.199> lot<00:07:56.400> of<00:07:57.080> information<00:07:57.919> to
brain adds on a lot of information to
brain adds on a lot of information to
what<00:07:58.400> is<00:07:58.599> going<00:07:58.800> on<00:07:59.000> in<00:07:59.159> the<00:07:59.639> signals<00:08:00.120> that
what is going on in the signals that
what is going on in the signals that
come<00:08:00.479> from<00:08:00.680> the<00:08:00.840> retina<00:08:01.680> and<00:08:01.800> in<00:08:02.039> that<00:08:02.240> image
come from the retina and in that image
come from the retina and in that image
there<00:08:03.080> you<00:08:03.240> see<00:08:03.720> a<00:08:03.919> variety<00:08:04.440> of<00:08:04.720> islands<00:08:05.520> of
there you see a variety of islands of
there you see a variety of islands of
what<00:08:05.960> I<00:08:06.199> call<00:08:06.800> imag<00:08:07.199> making<00:08:07.720> regions<00:08:08.199> in<00:08:08.360> the
what I call imag making regions in the
what I call imag making regions in the
brain<00:08:09.039> you<00:08:09.199> have<00:08:09.400> the<00:08:09.560> green<00:08:09.960> for<00:08:10.199> example
brain you have the green for example
brain you have the green for example
that<00:08:10.720> corresponds<00:08:11.280> to<00:08:11.520> tactile<00:08:12.039> information
that corresponds to tactile information
that corresponds to tactile information
or<00:08:13.159> the<00:08:13.319> blue<00:08:13.680> that<00:08:13.879> corresponds<00:08:14.400> to<00:08:14.560> auditory
or the blue that corresponds to auditory
or the blue that corresponds to auditory
information<00:08:16.159> and<00:08:16.479> something<00:08:16.840> else<00:08:17.199> that
information and something else that
information and something else that
happens<00:08:18.319> is<00:08:18.520> that<00:08:18.840> those<00:08:19.159> image<00:08:19.599> making
happens is that those image making
happens is that those image making
regions<00:08:21.080> where<00:08:21.280> you<00:08:21.560> have<00:08:21.759> the<00:08:21.960> plotting<00:08:22.599> of
regions where you have the plotting of
regions where you have the plotting of
all<00:08:23.000> these<00:08:23.199> neural<00:08:23.759> Maps<00:08:24.759> can<00:08:25.240> then<00:08:25.720> provide
all these neural Maps can then provide
all these neural Maps can then provide
signals<00:08:27.039> to<00:08:27.319> this<00:08:27.599> ocean<00:08:28.080> of<00:08:28.400> purple<00:08:28.919> that<00:08:29.000> you
signals to this ocean of purple that you
signals to this ocean of purple that you
see<00:08:29.560> around<00:08:29.919> which<00:08:30.039> is<00:08:30.280> Association<00:08:30.960> cortex
see around which is Association cortex
see around which is Association cortex
where<00:08:32.000> you<00:08:32.200> can<00:08:32.479> make<00:08:32.760> records<00:08:33.360> of<00:08:33.599> what<00:08:33.839> went
where you can make records of what went
where you can make records of what went
on<00:08:34.640> in<00:08:34.919> those<00:08:35.240> islands<00:08:36.240> of<00:08:36.519> image<00:08:36.880> making<00:08:37.640> and
on in those islands of image making and
on in those islands of image making and
the<00:08:38.240> great<00:08:38.560> beauty<00:08:39.080> is<00:08:39.279> that<00:08:39.399> you<00:08:39.560> can<00:08:39.839> then<00:08:40.080> go
the great beauty is that you can then go
the great beauty is that you can then go
from<00:08:40.959> memory<00:08:41.560> out<00:08:41.760> of<00:08:42.039> those<00:08:42.680> Association
from memory out of those Association
from memory out of those Association
cortices<00:08:44.200> and<00:08:44.519> produce<00:08:45.120> back<00:08:45.760> images<00:08:46.680> in<00:08:47.040> the
cortices and produce back images in the
cortices and produce back images in the
very<00:08:47.760> same<00:08:48.080> regions<00:08:48.600> that<00:08:48.839> had<00:08:49.080> perception<00:08:49.800> so
very same regions that had perception so
very same regions that had perception so
think<00:08:50.320> about<00:08:50.880> how<00:08:51.160> wonderfully<00:08:51.839> convenient
think about how wonderfully convenient
think about how wonderfully convenient
and<00:08:52.680> lazy<00:08:53.680> the<00:08:54.440> the<00:08:54.560> brain<00:08:55.040> is<00:08:55.279> so<00:08:55.519> it<00:08:55.760> provides
and lazy the the brain is so it provides
and lazy the the brain is so it provides
certain<00:08:56.600> areas<00:08:57.080> for<00:08:57.560> perception<00:08:58.399> and<00:08:58.640> image
certain areas for perception and image
certain areas for perception and image
making<00:08:59.600> and<00:08:59.760> those<00:08:59.920> are<00:09:00.200> exactly<00:09:00.680> the<00:09:00.839> same
making and those are exactly the same
making and those are exactly the same
that<00:09:01.440> are<00:09:01.680> going<00:09:01.880> to<00:09:02.000> be<00:09:02.200> used<00:09:02.880> for<00:09:03.320> image
that are going to be used for image
that are going to be used for image
making<00:09:04.160> when<00:09:04.519> we<00:09:04.720> recall<00:09:05.360> information<00:09:06.360> so<00:09:06.640> so
making when we recall information so so
making when we recall information so so
far<00:09:07.480> the<00:09:07.839> The<00:09:08.079> Mystery<00:09:08.920> of<00:09:09.320> the<00:09:09.519> conscious
far the The Mystery of the conscious
far the The Mystery of the conscious
mind<00:09:10.399> is<00:09:10.640> diminishing<00:09:11.160> a<00:09:11.279> little<00:09:11.519> bit<00:09:11.800> because
mind is diminishing a little bit because
mind is diminishing a little bit because
we<00:09:12.320> have<00:09:12.480> a<00:09:12.720> general<00:09:13.160> sense<00:09:13.760> of<00:09:13.959> how<00:09:14.120> we<00:09:14.279> make
we have a general sense of how we make
we have a general sense of how we make
these<00:09:14.720> images<00:09:15.519> but<00:09:15.839> what<00:09:15.959> about<00:09:16.279> the<00:09:16.440> self<00:09:17.120> the
these images but what about the self the
these images but what about the self the
self<00:09:17.760> is<00:09:18.000> really<00:09:18.360> the<00:09:18.640> elusive<00:09:19.640> problem<00:09:20.480> and
self is really the elusive problem and
self is really the elusive problem and
um<00:09:22.120> for<00:09:22.360> a<00:09:22.519> long<00:09:22.839> time<00:09:23.079> people<00:09:23.399> did<00:09:23.560> not<00:09:23.720> even
um for a long time people did not even
um for a long time people did not even
want<00:09:24.160> to<00:09:24.360> touch<00:09:24.640> it<00:09:25.279> and<00:09:25.519> because<00:09:25.800> they<00:09:26.000> say
want to touch it and because they say
want to touch it and because they say
how<00:09:26.360> can<00:09:26.519> you<00:09:26.800> have<00:09:27.120> this<00:09:27.519> sort<00:09:27.720> of<00:09:28.000> reference
how can you have this sort of reference
how can you have this sort of reference
point<00:09:29.079> this<00:09:29.440> stability<00:09:30.399> that<00:09:30.560> is<00:09:30.800> required<00:09:31.320> to
point this stability that is required to
point this stability that is required to
maintain<00:09:32.079> the<00:09:32.279> continuity<00:09:33.279> of<00:09:33.440> cells<00:09:34.079> day
maintain the continuity of cells day
maintain the continuity of cells day
after<00:09:34.640> day<00:09:35.519> um<00:09:35.760> and<00:09:36.040> I<00:09:36.160> thought<00:09:36.399> about<00:09:36.720> a
after day um and I thought about a
after day um and I thought about a
solution<00:09:37.360> to<00:09:37.600> this<00:09:37.920> problem<00:09:38.519> is<00:09:38.680> the
solution to this problem is the
solution to this problem is the
following<00:09:39.440> we<00:09:39.720> generate<00:09:40.440> brain<00:09:40.839> maps<00:09:41.600> of<00:09:41.760> the
following we generate brain maps of the
following we generate brain maps of the
body's<00:09:42.440> interior<00:09:43.440> and<00:09:43.640> use<00:09:43.959> them<00:09:44.360> as<00:09:44.560> the
body's interior and use them as the
body's interior and use them as the
reference<00:09:45.360> for<00:09:45.640> all<00:09:45.920> other<00:09:46.240> Maps<00:09:46.839> so<00:09:47.000> let<00:09:47.120> me
reference for all other Maps so let me
reference for all other Maps so let me
tell<00:09:47.399> you<00:09:47.560> just<00:09:47.680> a<00:09:47.760> little<00:09:47.959> bit<00:09:48.160> about<00:09:48.399> how<00:09:48.560> I
tell you just a little bit about how I
tell you just a little bit about how I
came<00:09:48.920> to<00:09:49.160> this<00:09:49.720> I<00:09:49.880> came<00:09:50.079> to<00:09:50.320> this<00:09:50.720> because<00:09:51.720> if
came to this I came to this because if
came to this I came to this because if
you're<00:09:52.160> going<00:09:52.440> to<00:09:52.800> have<00:09:53.440> a<00:09:53.760> reference<00:09:54.760> that<00:09:54.959> we
you're going to have a reference that we
you're going to have a reference that we
know<00:09:55.600> as<00:09:55.880> self<00:09:56.360> the<00:09:56.519> me<00:09:56.920> the<00:09:57.120> I<00:09:57.560> in<00:09:58.040> in<00:09:58.440> our<00:09:58.839> own
know as self the me the I in in our own
know as self the me the I in in our own
uh<00:09:59.920> processing<00:10:00.760> we<00:10:00.920> need<00:10:01.160> to<00:10:01.480> have<00:10:01.920> something
uh processing we need to have something
uh processing we need to have something
that<00:10:02.480> is<00:10:02.680> stable<00:10:03.279> something<00:10:03.959> that<00:10:04.200> does<00:10:04.480> not
that is stable something that does not
that is stable something that does not
deviate<00:10:05.399> much<00:10:06.120> from<00:10:06.440> day<00:10:06.640> to<00:10:06.880> day<00:10:07.480> well<00:10:07.959> it<00:10:08.079> so
deviate much from day to day well it so
deviate much from day to day well it so
happens<00:10:08.680> that<00:10:08.839> we<00:10:09.000> have<00:10:09.160> a<00:10:09.320> singular<00:10:09.880> body<00:10:10.240> we
happens that we have a singular body we
happens that we have a singular body we
have<00:10:10.560> one<00:10:10.800> body<00:10:11.120> not<00:10:11.360> two<00:10:11.680> not<00:10:11.959> three<00:10:12.640> and<00:10:12.800> so
have one body not two not three and so
have one body not two not three and so
that<00:10:13.320> is<00:10:13.440> a<00:10:13.640> beginning<00:10:14.200> there<00:10:14.279> is<00:10:14.560> just<00:10:14.839> one
that is a beginning there is just one
that is a beginning there is just one
reference<00:10:15.800> point<00:10:16.120> which<00:10:16.240> is<00:10:16.399> the<00:10:16.519> body<00:10:17.120> but
reference point which is the body but
reference point which is the body but
then<00:10:17.399> of<00:10:17.519> course<00:10:17.680> the<00:10:17.839> body<00:10:18.079> has<00:10:18.240> many<00:10:18.600> parts
then of course the body has many parts
then of course the body has many parts
and<00:10:19.839> things<00:10:20.360> grow<00:10:20.760> at<00:10:20.959> different<00:10:21.320> rates<00:10:21.640> and
and things grow at different rates and
and things grow at different rates and
they<00:10:21.920> have<00:10:22.120> different<00:10:22.440> sizes<00:10:22.800> in<00:10:23.000> different
they have different sizes in different
they have different sizes in different
people<00:10:24.279> however<00:10:24.959> not<00:10:25.240> so<00:10:25.560> with<00:10:25.720> the<00:10:25.959> interior
people however not so with the interior
people however not so with the interior
the<00:10:27.120> things<00:10:27.399> that<00:10:27.600> have<00:10:27.720> to<00:10:27.920> do<00:10:28.240> with<00:10:28.480> what<00:10:28.640> is
the things that have to do with what is
the things that have to do with what is
known<00:10:29.040> as<00:10:29.320> our<00:10:29.560> internal<00:10:30.040> milar<00:10:30.640> for<00:10:30.839> example
known as our internal milar for example
known as our internal milar for example
the<00:10:31.640> whole<00:10:31.959> management<00:10:32.519> of<00:10:32.680> the<00:10:32.880> chemistries
the whole management of the chemistries
the whole management of the chemistries
within<00:10:33.800> our<00:10:34.079> body<00:10:34.600> are<00:10:34.959> in<00:10:35.240> fact<00:10:35.720> extremely
within our body are in fact extremely
within our body are in fact extremely
maintained<00:10:37.720> day<00:10:37.959> after<00:10:38.320> day<00:10:38.720> for<00:10:39.000> one<00:10:39.320> very
maintained day after day for one very
maintained day after day for one very
good<00:10:39.800> reason<00:10:40.800> if<00:10:41.240> you<00:10:41.560> deviate<00:10:42.160> too<00:10:42.440> much<00:10:43.200> in
good reason if you deviate too much in
good reason if you deviate too much in
the<00:10:43.600> parameters<00:10:44.320> that<00:10:44.440> are<00:10:44.720> close<00:10:45.160> to<00:10:45.360> the
the parameters that are close to the
the parameters that are close to the
midline<00:10:46.120> of<00:10:46.399> that<00:10:46.880> life<00:10:47.600> permitting<00:10:48.600> survival
midline of that life permitting survival
midline of that life permitting survival
range<00:10:50.399> you<00:10:50.600> go<00:10:50.839> into<00:10:51.160> disease<00:10:51.600> or<00:10:51.920> death<00:10:52.480> so<00:10:52.720> we
range you go into disease or death so we
range you go into disease or death so we
have<00:10:53.040> an<00:10:53.360> inbuilt<00:10:54.240> system<00:10:54.880> within<00:10:55.279> our<00:10:55.519> own
have an inbuilt system within our own
have an inbuilt system within our own
lives<00:10:56.760> that<00:10:57.079> ensures<00:10:57.680> some<00:10:57.959> kind<00:10:58.120> of
lives that ensures some kind of
lives that ensures some kind of
continuity<00:10:59.480> I<00:10:59.680> I<00:10:59.839> like<00:11:00.000> to<00:11:00.120> call<00:11:00.320> it<00:11:00.440> an<00:11:00.680> almost
continuity I I like to call it an almost
continuity I I like to call it an almost
infinite<00:11:01.600> sameness<00:11:02.279> from<00:11:02.560> day<00:11:02.760> to<00:11:03.000> day
infinite sameness from day to day
infinite sameness from day to day
because<00:11:03.720> if<00:11:03.839> you<00:11:04.040> don't<00:11:04.440> have<00:11:04.720> that<00:11:04.959> sameness
because if you don't have that sameness
because if you don't have that sameness
physiologically<00:11:06.760> you're<00:11:06.920> going<00:11:07.120> to<00:11:07.279> be<00:11:07.480> sick
physiologically you're going to be sick
physiologically you're going to be sick
or<00:11:08.000> you're<00:11:08.200> going<00:11:08.399> to<00:11:08.639> die<00:11:09.079> so<00:11:09.320> that's<00:11:09.519> one
or you're going to die so that's one
or you're going to die so that's one
more<00:11:10.120> element<00:11:10.639> for<00:11:10.839> this<00:11:11.399> continuity<00:11:12.399> and<00:11:12.800> the
more element for this continuity and the
more element for this continuity and the
final<00:11:13.360> thing<00:11:13.680> is<00:11:13.920> that<00:11:14.320> there<00:11:14.440> is<00:11:14.560> a<00:11:14.800> very
final thing is that there is a very
final thing is that there is a very
tight<00:11:15.560> coupling<00:11:16.279> between<00:11:17.120> the<00:11:17.399> regulation<00:11:18.360> of
tight coupling between the regulation of
tight coupling between the regulation of
our<00:11:18.839> body<00:11:19.480> within<00:11:19.880> the<00:11:20.079> brain<00:11:20.760> and<00:11:21.000> the<00:11:21.160> body
our body within the brain and the body
our body within the brain and the body
itself<00:11:22.360> unlike<00:11:23.079> any<00:11:23.519> other<00:11:24.040> coupling<00:11:24.560> so<00:11:24.800> for
itself unlike any other coupling so for
itself unlike any other coupling so for
example<00:11:25.560> I'm<00:11:25.760> making<00:11:26.200> images<00:11:26.639> of<00:11:26.920> you<00:11:27.440> but
example I'm making images of you but
example I'm making images of you but
there's<00:11:27.920> no<00:11:28.600> physiological<00:11:29.600> bond<00:11:30.040> between
there's no physiological bond between
there's no physiological bond between
the<00:11:30.639> images<00:11:31.120> I<00:11:31.279> have<00:11:31.440> of<00:11:31.720> you<00:11:32.079> as<00:11:32.200> an<00:11:32.399> audience
the images I have of you as an audience
the images I have of you as an audience
and<00:11:33.440> my<00:11:33.639> brain<00:11:34.399> however<00:11:34.680> there<00:11:34.800> is<00:11:34.920> a<00:11:35.240> close
and my brain however there is a close
and my brain however there is a close
permanently<00:11:36.720> permanently<00:11:37.360> maintained<00:11:38.240> bond
permanently permanently maintained bond
permanently permanently maintained bond
between<00:11:39.680> the<00:11:39.920> body<00:11:40.600> regulating<00:11:41.360> parts<00:11:41.600> of<00:11:41.800> my
between the body regulating parts of my
between the body regulating parts of my
brain<00:11:42.399> and<00:11:42.680> my<00:11:42.839> own<00:11:43.160> body<00:11:43.800> so<00:11:44.360> here's<00:11:44.639> how<00:11:44.800> it
brain and my own body so here's how it
brain and my own body so here's how it
looks<00:11:45.680> look<00:11:45.880> at<00:11:46.000> the<00:11:46.160> region<00:11:46.720> there<00:11:46.920> there<00:11:47.040> is
looks look at the region there there is
looks look at the region there there is
the<00:11:47.320> brain<00:11:47.680> stem<00:11:48.200> in<00:11:48.360> between<00:11:48.959> the<00:11:49.120> cereal
the brain stem in between the cereal
the brain stem in between the cereal
cortex<00:11:50.360> and<00:11:51.079> the<00:11:51.480> spinal<00:11:51.880> cord<00:11:52.279> and<00:11:52.399> it<00:11:52.519> is
cortex and the spinal cord and it is
cortex and the spinal cord and it is
within<00:11:53.079> that<00:11:53.320> region<00:11:53.839> that<00:11:54.000> I'm<00:11:54.200> going<00:11:54.440> to
within that region that I'm going to
within that region that I'm going to
highlight<00:11:55.399> now<00:11:56.240> that<00:11:56.519> we<00:11:56.839> have<00:11:57.639> this<00:11:58.240> housing
highlight now that we have this housing
highlight now that we have this housing
of<00:11:59.320> all<00:11:59.680> the<00:12:00.240> life<00:12:00.760> regulation<00:12:01.800> devices<00:12:02.800> of<00:12:03.680> a
of all the life regulation devices of a
of all the life regulation devices of a
body<00:12:04.360> this<00:12:04.480> is<00:12:04.680> so<00:12:05.040> specific<00:12:05.639> that<00:12:05.800> for
body this is so specific that for
body this is so specific that for
example<00:12:06.480> if<00:12:06.639> you<00:12:07.200> look<00:12:07.600> at<00:12:07.760> the<00:12:07.959> part<00:12:08.240> that<00:12:08.360> is
example if you look at the part that is
example if you look at the part that is
colored<00:12:08.920> in<00:12:09.200> red<00:12:09.880> in<00:12:10.079> the<00:12:10.279> upper<00:12:10.680> part<00:12:10.880> of<00:12:11.000> the
colored in red in the upper part of the
colored in red in the upper part of the
brain<00:12:11.480> stem<00:12:12.120> if<00:12:12.240> you<00:12:12.519> damage<00:12:13.040> that<00:12:13.279> as<00:12:13.399> a
brain stem if you damage that as a
brain stem if you damage that as a
result<00:12:13.839> of<00:12:13.959> a<00:12:14.079> stroke<00:12:14.560> for<00:12:14.760> example<00:12:15.480> what<00:12:15.639> you
result of a stroke for example what you
result of a stroke for example what you
get<00:12:16.160> is<00:12:16.440> coma<00:12:17.240> or<00:12:17.600> vegetative<00:12:18.360> state<00:12:19.000> which<00:12:19.160> is
get is coma or vegetative state which is
get is coma or vegetative state which is
a<00:12:19.519> state<00:12:19.880> of<00:12:20.079> course<00:12:20.320> in<00:12:20.560> which<00:12:21.000> your<00:12:21.760> mind
a state of course in which your mind
a state of course in which your mind
disappears<00:12:23.320> your<00:12:23.680> Consciousness<00:12:24.839> disappears
disappears your Consciousness disappears
disappears your Consciousness disappears
H<00:12:26.120> what<00:12:26.360> what<00:12:26.519> happens<00:12:27.000> then<00:12:27.320> actually<00:12:27.839> is
H what what happens then actually is
H what what happens then actually is
that<00:12:28.199> you<00:12:28.399> lose<00:12:28.880> the<00:12:29.199> surrounding<00:12:29.639> of<00:12:29.839> the
that you lose the surrounding of the
that you lose the surrounding of the
self<00:12:30.519> you<00:12:30.680> have<00:12:30.959> no<00:12:31.199> longer<00:12:31.720> access<00:12:32.000> to<00:12:32.240> any
self you have no longer access to any
self you have no longer access to any
feeling<00:12:32.920> of<00:12:33.079> your<00:12:33.240> own<00:12:33.600> existence<00:12:34.399> and<00:12:34.560> in
feeling of your own existence and in
feeling of your own existence and in
fact<00:12:35.079> there<00:12:35.320> can<00:12:35.519> be<00:12:35.800> images<00:12:36.440> going<00:12:36.720> on<00:12:37.160> being
fact there can be images going on being
fact there can be images going on being
formed<00:12:37.800> in<00:12:37.920> the<00:12:38.040> cereal<00:12:38.480> cortex<00:12:39.120> except<00:12:39.399> you
formed in the cereal cortex except you
formed in the cereal cortex except you
don't<00:12:39.760> know<00:12:40.000> they're<00:12:40.360> there<00:12:41.199> you<00:12:41.480> have<00:12:41.680> you
don't know they're there you have you
don't know they're there you have you
have<00:12:42.079> in<00:12:42.320> effect<00:12:42.800> lost<00:12:43.320> Consciousness<00:12:44.240> when
have in effect lost Consciousness when
have in effect lost Consciousness when
you<00:12:44.600> have<00:12:44.880> damage<00:12:45.519> to<00:12:45.839> that<00:12:46.120> red<00:12:46.560> section<00:12:47.240> of
you have damage to that red section of
you have damage to that red section of
the<00:12:47.480> brain<00:12:47.800> stem<00:12:48.399> but<00:12:48.519> if<00:12:48.639> you<00:12:48.839> consider<00:12:49.720> the
the brain stem but if you consider the
the brain stem but if you consider the
green<00:12:50.440> part<00:12:50.720> of<00:12:50.959> the<00:12:51.120> brain<00:12:51.480> stem<00:12:52.199> nothing
green part of the brain stem nothing
green part of the brain stem nothing
like<00:12:52.760> that<00:12:53.000> happens<00:12:53.440> it<00:12:53.600> is<00:12:53.959> that<00:12:54.320> specific<00:12:55.120> so
like that happens it is that specific so
like that happens it is that specific so
in<00:12:55.600> that<00:12:55.800> green<00:12:56.279> component<00:12:56.760> of<00:12:56.880> the<00:12:57.040> brain
in that green component of the brain
in that green component of the brain
stem<00:12:57.880> if<00:12:58.000> you<00:12:58.199> damage<00:12:58.560> it<00:12:58.760> and<00:12:59.320> often<00:12:59.720> it
stem if you damage it and often it
stem if you damage it and often it
happens<00:13:00.839> what<00:13:00.959> you<00:13:01.199> get<00:13:01.519> is<00:13:01.800> complete
happens what you get is complete
happens what you get is complete
paralysis<00:13:03.399> but<00:13:03.560> your<00:13:03.920> conscious<00:13:04.440> mind<00:13:04.720> is
paralysis but your conscious mind is
paralysis but your conscious mind is
maintained<00:13:05.760> you<00:13:05.959> feel<00:13:06.600> you<00:13:06.800> know<00:13:07.560> you<00:13:07.760> have<00:13:07.920> a
maintained you feel you know you have a
maintained you feel you know you have a
fully<00:13:08.519> conscious<00:13:08.959> mind<00:13:09.320> that<00:13:09.440> you<00:13:09.600> can<00:13:09.880> report
fully conscious mind that you can report
fully conscious mind that you can report
very<00:13:10.920> indirectly<00:13:11.600> this<00:13:11.720> is<00:13:11.839> a<00:13:12.040> horrific
very indirectly this is a horrific
very indirectly this is a horrific
condition<00:13:13.560> you<00:13:13.680> don't<00:13:13.880> want<00:13:14.040> to<00:13:14.199> see<00:13:14.480> it<00:13:15.040> uh
condition you don't want to see it uh
condition you don't want to see it uh
and<00:13:15.440> people<00:13:15.720> are<00:13:16.000> in<00:13:16.199> fact<00:13:16.480> imprisoned<00:13:17.399> within
and people are in fact imprisoned within
and people are in fact imprisoned within
their<00:13:17.959> own<00:13:18.279> bodies<00:13:19.079> but<00:13:19.199> they<00:13:19.360> do<00:13:19.600> have<00:13:19.720> a<00:13:19.880> mind
their own bodies but they do have a mind
their own bodies but they do have a mind
there<00:13:20.560> was<00:13:20.720> a<00:13:21.519> very<00:13:21.720> interesting<00:13:22.279> film<00:13:22.959> one<00:13:23.160> of
there was a very interesting film one of
there was a very interesting film one of
the<00:13:23.480> rare<00:13:24.040> good<00:13:24.240> films<00:13:24.639> done<00:13:24.920> about<00:13:25.160> a
the rare good films done about a
the rare good films done about a
situation<00:13:25.880> like<00:13:26.120> this<00:13:26.680> by<00:13:26.880> Julian<00:13:27.279> Schnabel
situation like this by Julian Schnabel
situation like this by Julian Schnabel
some<00:13:28.360> some<00:13:28.600> years<00:13:28.839> ago<00:13:29.440> about<00:13:29.639> a<00:13:29.839> patient<00:13:30.320> that
some some years ago about a patient that
some some years ago about a patient that
was<00:13:30.639> in<00:13:30.880> that<00:13:31.240> condition<00:13:31.880> so<00:13:32.360> now<00:13:32.480> I'm<00:13:32.680> going
was in that condition so now I'm going
was in that condition so now I'm going
to<00:13:33.120> show<00:13:33.320> you<00:13:33.519> a<00:13:33.680> picture<00:13:34.040> I<00:13:34.199> promise<00:13:34.600> not<00:13:34.760> to
to show you a picture I promise not to
to show you a picture I promise not to
say<00:13:35.160> anything<00:13:35.519> about<00:13:35.920> this<00:13:36.279> except<00:13:36.680> this<00:13:36.800> is
say anything about this except this is
say anything about this except this is
to<00:13:37.160> frighten<00:13:37.639> you<00:13:38.279> is<00:13:38.480> just<00:13:38.600> to<00:13:38.800> tell<00:13:39.000> you<00:13:39.199> that
to frighten you is just to tell you that
to frighten you is just to tell you that
in<00:13:39.600> that<00:13:39.880> red<00:13:40.399> section<00:13:41.360> of<00:13:41.639> the<00:13:41.760> brain<00:13:42.160> stem
in that red section of the brain stem
in that red section of the brain stem
there<00:13:43.199> are<00:13:43.600> to<00:13:43.760> make<00:13:43.920> it<00:13:44.120> simple<00:13:44.760> all<00:13:45.079> those
there are to make it simple all those
there are to make it simple all those
little<00:13:45.600> squares<00:13:46.199> that<00:13:46.440> correspond<00:13:47.040> to
little squares that correspond to
little squares that correspond to
modules<00:13:48.160> that<00:13:48.480> actually<00:13:49.320> make<00:13:50.199> brain<00:13:50.639> maps<00:13:51.279> of
modules that actually make brain maps of
modules that actually make brain maps of
different<00:13:52.279> aspects<00:13:52.720> of<00:13:52.880> our<00:13:53.360> interior
different aspects of our interior
different aspects of our interior
different<00:13:54.720> aspects<00:13:55.040> of<00:13:55.199> our<00:13:55.440> body<00:13:56.079> they<00:13:56.199> are
different aspects of our body they are
different aspects of our body they are
exquisitely<00:13:57.880> topographic<00:13:58.800> and<00:13:59.199> are
exquisitely topographic and are
exquisitely topographic and are
exquisitly<00:14:00.320> interconnected<00:14:01.120> in<00:14:01.240> a<00:14:01.399> recursive
exquisitly interconnected in a recursive
exquisitly interconnected in a recursive
pattern<00:14:02.839> and<00:14:02.959> it<00:14:03.120> is<00:14:03.480> out<00:14:03.680> of<00:14:04.000> this<00:14:04.279> and<00:14:04.440> out<00:14:04.600> of
pattern and it is out of this and out of
pattern and it is out of this and out of
this<00:14:05.040> tight<00:14:05.440> coupling<00:14:06.320> between<00:14:06.720> the<00:14:06.839> brain
this tight coupling between the brain
this tight coupling between the brain
stem<00:14:07.519> and<00:14:07.680> the<00:14:07.839> body<00:14:08.399> that<00:14:08.560> I<00:14:08.759> believe<00:14:09.199> and<00:14:09.360> I
stem and the body that I believe and I
stem and the body that I believe and I
could<00:14:09.600> be<00:14:09.839> wrong<00:14:10.199> but<00:14:10.320> I<00:14:10.399> don't<00:14:10.600> think<00:14:10.800> I<00:14:10.920> am<00:14:11.839> uh
could be wrong but I don't think I am uh
could be wrong but I don't think I am uh
that<00:14:12.839> you<00:14:13.160> generate<00:14:14.079> this<00:14:14.320> mapping<00:14:14.720> of<00:14:14.880> the
that you generate this mapping of the
that you generate this mapping of the
body<00:14:15.440> that<00:14:15.720> provides<00:14:16.199> the<00:14:16.360> grounding<00:14:16.839> for<00:14:17.040> the
body that provides the grounding for the
body that provides the grounding for the
self<00:14:17.800> and<00:14:18.000> that<00:14:18.240> comes<00:14:18.600> in<00:14:18.759> the<00:14:18.920> form<00:14:19.320> of
self and that comes in the form of
self and that comes in the form of
feelings<00:14:20.800> primordial<00:14:21.279> Feelings<00:14:21.720> by<00:14:21.839> the<00:14:21.959> way
feelings primordial Feelings by the way
feelings primordial Feelings by the way
so<00:14:22.399> what<00:14:22.480> is<00:14:22.600> the<00:14:22.759> picture<00:14:23.160> that<00:14:23.320> we<00:14:23.519> get<00:14:23.800> here
so what is the picture that we get here
so what is the picture that we get here
look<00:14:24.360> at<00:14:24.519> cerebal<00:14:24.959> cortex<00:14:25.440> look<00:14:25.600> at<00:14:25.759> brain
look at cerebal cortex look at brain
look at cerebal cortex look at brain
stem<00:14:26.480> look<00:14:26.600> at<00:14:26.839> body<00:14:27.639> and<00:14:27.920> you<00:14:28.160> get<00:14:28.519> a<00:14:28.680> picture
stem look at body and you get a picture
stem look at body and you get a picture
the<00:14:29.880> interconnectivity<00:14:30.880> in<00:14:31.079> which<00:14:31.320> you<00:14:31.560> have
the interconnectivity in which you have
the interconnectivity in which you have
the<00:14:31.920> brain<00:14:32.279> stem<00:14:32.800> providing<00:14:33.399> the<00:14:33.560> grounding
the brain stem providing the grounding
the brain stem providing the grounding
for<00:14:34.240> the<00:14:34.399> self<00:14:35.000> in<00:14:35.120> a<00:14:35.360> very<00:14:35.720> tight
for the self in a very tight
for the self in a very tight
interconnection<00:14:37.079> with<00:14:37.240> the<00:14:37.399> body<00:14:38.120> and<00:14:38.320> you
interconnection with the body and you
interconnection with the body and you
have<00:14:38.639> the<00:14:38.759> cereal<00:14:39.199> cortex<00:14:39.720> providing<00:14:40.199> the
have the cereal cortex providing the
have the cereal cortex providing the
great<00:14:40.880> spectacle<00:14:41.839> of<00:14:42.120> our<00:14:42.440> minds<00:14:43.040> with<00:14:43.279> the
great spectacle of our minds with the
great spectacle of our minds with the
profusion<00:14:44.279> of<00:14:44.480> images<00:14:45.399> that<00:14:45.560> are<00:14:45.839> in<00:14:46.120> fact<00:14:46.360> the
profusion of images that are in fact the
profusion of images that are in fact the
contents<00:14:47.079> of<00:14:47.240> our<00:14:47.480> minds<00:14:47.920> and<00:14:48.079> that<00:14:48.279> we
contents of our minds and that we
contents of our minds and that we
normally<00:14:49.040> pay<00:14:49.279> most<00:14:49.600> attention<00:14:50.040> to<00:14:50.560> as<00:14:50.720> we
normally pay most attention to as we
normally pay most attention to as we
should<00:14:51.399> because<00:14:51.720> that's<00:14:52.000> really<00:14:52.519> the<00:14:52.639> film
should because that's really the film
should because that's really the film
that<00:14:53.320> is<00:14:53.440> rolling<00:14:54.279> in<00:14:54.440> our<00:14:54.720> minds<00:14:55.560> but<00:14:55.759> look<00:14:55.959> at
that is rolling in our minds but look at
that is rolling in our minds but look at
the<00:14:56.560> the<00:14:56.720> the<00:14:56.839> arrows<00:14:57.360> that're<00:14:57.639> not<00:14:57.880> there<00:14:58.079> for
the the the arrows that're not there for
the the the arrows that're not there for
looks<00:14:58.800> that<00:14:59.120> there<00:14:59.360> because<00:14:59.639> there's<00:15:00.000> this
looks that there because there's this
looks that there because there's this
very<00:15:00.720> close<00:15:01.240> interaction<00:15:02.240> you<00:15:02.440> cannot<00:15:03.000> have<00:15:03.160> a
very close interaction you cannot have a
very close interaction you cannot have a
conscious<00:15:03.800> mind<00:15:04.199> if<00:15:04.320> you<00:15:04.440> don't<00:15:04.720> have<00:15:04.880> the
conscious mind if you don't have the
conscious mind if you don't have the
interaction<00:15:05.880> between<00:15:06.199> cereal<00:15:06.639> cortex<00:15:07.040> and
interaction between cereal cortex and
interaction between cereal cortex and
brain<00:15:07.560> stem<00:15:08.120> you<00:15:08.240> cannot<00:15:08.759> have<00:15:08.880> a<00:15:09.079> conscious
brain stem you cannot have a conscious
brain stem you cannot have a conscious
mind<00:15:09.959> if<00:15:10.040> you<00:15:10.199> don't<00:15:10.440> have<00:15:10.639> the<00:15:10.800> interaction
mind if you don't have the interaction
mind if you don't have the interaction
between<00:15:11.720> the<00:15:11.839> brain<00:15:12.120> stem<00:15:12.440> and<00:15:12.560> the<00:15:12.720> body
between the brain stem and the body
between the brain stem and the body
another<00:15:13.920> thing<00:15:14.160> that<00:15:14.279> is<00:15:14.480> interesting<00:15:15.160> is
another thing that is interesting is
another thing that is interesting is
that<00:15:15.800> the<00:15:15.959> brain<00:15:16.320> stem<00:15:16.759> that<00:15:16.920> we<00:15:17.160> have<00:15:17.480> is
that the brain stem that we have is
that the brain stem that we have is
shared<00:15:18.079> with<00:15:18.199> a<00:15:18.360> variety<00:15:18.800> of<00:15:18.959> other<00:15:19.199> species
shared with a variety of other species
shared with a variety of other species
so<00:15:20.759> throughout<00:15:21.240> vertebrates<00:15:22.000> the<00:15:22.199> design<00:15:22.560> of
so throughout vertebrates the design of
so throughout vertebrates the design of
the<00:15:22.800> brain<00:15:23.160> stem<00:15:23.440> is<00:15:23.600> very<00:15:23.839> similar<00:15:24.199> to<00:15:24.399> ours
the brain stem is very similar to ours
the brain stem is very similar to ours
which<00:15:25.199> is<00:15:25.360> one<00:15:25.480> of<00:15:25.639> the<00:15:25.800> reasons<00:15:26.240> why<00:15:26.440> I<00:15:26.600> think
which is one of the reasons why I think
which is one of the reasons why I think
those<00:15:27.560> other<00:15:27.880> species<00:15:28.360> have<00:15:28.560> conscious<00:15:29.120> Minds
those other species have conscious Minds
those other species have conscious Minds
like<00:15:29.639> we<00:15:29.800> do<00:15:30.480> except<00:15:31.120> that<00:15:31.240> they're<00:15:31.480> not<00:15:31.759> as
like we do except that they're not as
like we do except that they're not as
rich<00:15:32.240> as<00:15:32.399> ours<00:15:32.880> because<00:15:33.120> they<00:15:33.240> don't<00:15:33.440> have<00:15:33.560> a
rich as ours because they don't have a
rich as ours because they don't have a
cereal<00:15:34.199> cortex<00:15:34.680> like<00:15:34.839> we<00:15:34.959> do<00:15:35.600> that's<00:15:35.839> where
cereal cortex like we do that's where
cereal cortex like we do that's where
the<00:15:36.199> difference<00:15:36.639> is<00:15:37.199> and<00:15:37.440> I<00:15:38.000> strongly
the difference is and I strongly
the difference is and I strongly
disagree<00:15:38.959> with<00:15:39.120> the<00:15:39.279> idea<00:15:39.959> that
disagree with the idea that
disagree with the idea that
Consciousness<00:15:40.880> should<00:15:41.120> be<00:15:41.360> cons<00:15:41.759> considered
Consciousness should be cons considered
Consciousness should be cons considered
as<00:15:42.759> the<00:15:42.959> great<00:15:43.319> product<00:15:43.680> of<00:15:43.800> the<00:15:43.920> cereal
as the great product of the cereal
as the great product of the cereal
cortex<00:15:45.000> only<00:15:45.279> the<00:15:45.440> wealth<00:15:45.759> of<00:15:45.920> our<00:15:46.199> minds<00:15:46.639> is
cortex only the wealth of our minds is
cortex only the wealth of our minds is
not<00:15:47.600> the<00:15:47.800> very<00:15:48.240> fact<00:15:48.560> that<00:15:48.759> we<00:15:48.959> have<00:15:49.120> a<00:15:49.319> self
not the very fact that we have a self
not the very fact that we have a self
that<00:15:50.160> we<00:15:50.319> can<00:15:50.680> refer<00:15:51.639> to<00:15:52.040> our<00:15:52.600> own<00:15:53.199> existence
that we can refer to our own existence
that we can refer to our own existence
and<00:15:54.160> that<00:15:54.440> we<00:15:54.680> have<00:15:55.079> any<00:15:55.600> sense<00:15:56.399> of<00:15:56.800> um<00:15:57.480> person
and that we have any sense of um person
and that we have any sense of um person
now<00:15:58.680> there<00:15:59.040> are<00:15:59.160> three<00:15:59.399> levels<00:15:59.720> of<00:15:59.920> self<00:16:00.319> to
now there are three levels of self to
now there are three levels of self to
consider<00:16:01.040> the<00:16:01.240> Proto<00:16:01.720> the<00:16:01.880> core<00:16:02.279> and<00:16:02.440> the
consider the Proto the core and the
consider the Proto the core and the
autobiographical<00:16:03.880> the<00:16:04.040> first<00:16:04.399> two<00:16:05.079> are
autobiographical the first two are
autobiographical the first two are
shared<00:16:06.399> with<00:16:06.600> many<00:16:06.959> many<00:16:07.199> other<00:16:07.480> species<00:16:08.399> and
shared with many many other species and
shared with many many other species and
they<00:16:08.959> are<00:16:09.240> really<00:16:09.560> coming<00:16:09.880> out<00:16:10.160> largely<00:16:10.600> of
they are really coming out largely of
they are really coming out largely of
the<00:16:10.839> brain<00:16:11.160> stem<00:16:11.680> and<00:16:11.920> whatever<00:16:12.319> there<00:16:12.480> is<00:16:12.639> of
the brain stem and whatever there is of
the brain stem and whatever there is of
Cortex<00:16:13.480> in<00:16:13.680> those<00:16:13.959> species<00:16:14.720> it's<00:16:14.959> the
Cortex in those species it's the
Cortex in those species it's the
autobiographical<00:16:16.040> self<00:16:16.680> which<00:16:16.880> some<00:16:17.160> species
autobiographical self which some species
autobiographical self which some species
have<00:16:17.920> I<00:16:18.040> think<00:16:18.440> satans<00:16:19.440> and<00:16:19.880> primates<00:16:20.680> have
have I think satans and primates have
have I think satans and primates have
also<00:16:21.560> an<00:16:21.720> autobiographical<00:16:22.519> self<00:16:22.880> to<00:16:23.040> a
also an autobiographical self to a
also an autobiographical self to a
certain<00:16:23.399> degree<00:16:23.720> and<00:16:23.880> everybody's<00:16:24.759> dogs<00:16:25.240> at
certain degree and everybody's dogs at
certain degree and everybody's dogs at
home<00:16:25.959> have<00:16:26.120> an<00:16:26.279> autobiographical<00:16:27.120> self<00:16:27.800> to<00:16:27.959> a
home have an autobiographical self to a
home have an autobiographical self to a
certain<00:16:28.360> degree<00:16:29.040> but<00:16:29.560> the<00:16:29.759> novelty<00:16:30.319> is<00:16:30.519> here
certain degree but the novelty is here
certain degree but the novelty is here
the<00:16:30.880> autobiographical<00:16:31.720> self<00:16:32.079> is<00:16:32.279> built<00:16:32.800> on
the autobiographical self is built on
the autobiographical self is built on
the<00:16:33.160> basis<00:16:33.600> of<00:16:34.040> past<00:16:34.399> memories<00:16:35.360> and<00:16:35.680> memories
the basis of past memories and memories
the basis of past memories and memories
of<00:16:36.480> the<00:16:36.639> plans<00:16:37.120> that<00:16:37.240> we<00:16:37.399> have<00:16:37.600> made<00:16:37.959> it's<00:16:38.120> the
of the plans that we have made it's the
of the plans that we have made it's the
lived<00:16:38.720> past<00:16:39.079> and<00:16:39.279> the<00:16:39.440> anticipated<00:16:40.160> future
lived past and the anticipated future
lived past and the anticipated future
and<00:16:41.120> the<00:16:41.279> autobiographical<00:16:42.160> self<00:16:42.600> has
and the autobiographical self has
and the autobiographical self has
prompted<00:16:43.680> extended<00:16:44.279> memory<00:16:44.880> reasoning
prompted extended memory reasoning
prompted extended memory reasoning
imagination<00:16:46.519> creativity<00:16:47.160> and<00:16:47.399> language<00:16:48.160> and
imagination creativity and language and
imagination creativity and language and
out<00:16:48.600> of<00:16:48.839> that<00:16:49.120> came<00:16:49.399> the<00:16:49.600> instruments<00:16:50.160> of
out of that came the instruments of
out of that came the instruments of
culture<00:16:51.360> religions<00:16:52.240> Justice<00:16:52.880> trade<00:16:53.360> the<00:16:53.560> Arts
culture religions Justice trade the Arts
culture religions Justice trade the Arts
science<00:16:54.600> technology<00:16:55.560> and<00:16:55.720> it<00:16:55.880> is<00:16:56.160> within<00:16:56.680> that
science technology and it is within that
science technology and it is within that
culture<00:16:57.480> that<00:16:57.680> we<00:16:57.920> really<00:16:58.240> can<00:16:58.519> get<00:16:59.079> and<00:16:59.240> this
culture that we really can get and this
culture that we really can get and this
is<00:16:59.480> the<00:16:59.680> novelty<00:17:00.639> something<00:17:01.120> that<00:17:01.279> is<00:17:01.480> not
is the novelty something that is not
is the novelty something that is not
entirely<00:17:03.040> set<00:17:03.440> by<00:17:03.639> our<00:17:03.920> biology<00:17:04.880> it<00:17:05.000> is
entirely set by our biology it is
entirely set by our biology it is
developed<00:17:06.039> in<00:17:06.240> the<00:17:06.400> cultures<00:17:06.919> it<00:17:07.199> developed
developed in the cultures it developed
developed in the cultures it developed
in<00:17:08.039> collectives<00:17:09.000> of<00:17:09.520> uh<00:17:09.959> human<00:17:10.280> beings<00:17:11.039> and
in collectives of uh human beings and
in collectives of uh human beings and
this<00:17:11.360> is<00:17:11.520> of<00:17:11.679> course<00:17:12.000> the<00:17:12.160> culture<00:17:12.919> where<00:17:13.160> we
this is of course the culture where we
this is of course the culture where we
have<00:17:13.600> developed<00:17:14.400> something<00:17:14.799> that<00:17:14.959> I<00:17:15.120> like<00:17:15.280> to
have developed something that I like to
have developed something that I like to
call<00:17:15.839> sociocultural<00:17:16.799> regulation<00:17:17.799> and
call sociocultural regulation and
call sociocultural regulation and
finally<00:17:18.839> you<00:17:19.319> could<00:17:19.600> rightly<00:17:20.039> ask<00:17:20.520> why<00:17:20.839> care
finally you could rightly ask why care
finally you could rightly ask why care
about<00:17:21.600> this<00:17:21.880> why<00:17:22.079> care<00:17:22.360> if<00:17:22.480> it<00:17:22.600> is<00:17:22.760> the<00:17:22.959> brain
about this why care if it is the brain
about this why care if it is the brain
stem<00:17:23.600> or<00:17:23.760> the<00:17:23.839> Cal<00:17:24.280> cortex<00:17:25.079> and<00:17:25.319> how<00:17:25.520> this<00:17:25.679> is
stem or the Cal cortex and how this is
stem or the Cal cortex and how this is
made<00:17:26.679> three<00:17:26.959> reasons<00:17:27.520> first<00:17:27.959> curiosity
made three reasons first curiosity
made three reasons first curiosity
primates<00:17:29.760> are<00:17:30.240> extremely<00:17:30.799> curious<00:17:31.320> and
primates are extremely curious and
primates are extremely curious and
humans<00:17:31.960> most<00:17:32.160> of<00:17:32.360> all<00:17:33.039> and<00:17:33.559> if<00:17:33.840> we<00:17:34.280> are
humans most of all and if we are
humans most of all and if we are
interested<00:17:35.160> for<00:17:35.360> example<00:17:35.720> in<00:17:35.840> the<00:17:36.000> fact<00:17:36.200> that
interested for example in the fact that
interested for example in the fact that
anti-gravity<00:17:37.280> is<00:17:37.440> pulling<00:17:37.919> galaxies<00:17:38.440> away
anti-gravity is pulling galaxies away
anti-gravity is pulling galaxies away
from<00:17:38.880> the<00:17:39.039> earth<00:17:39.640> why<00:17:39.760> should<00:17:40.000> we<00:17:40.160> not<00:17:40.360> be
from the earth why should we not be
from the earth why should we not be
interested<00:17:40.960> in<00:17:41.160> what<00:17:41.320> is<00:17:41.480> going<00:17:41.760> on<00:17:42.160> inside<00:17:42.960> of
interested in what is going on inside of
interested in what is going on inside of
human<00:17:44.000> beings<00:17:44.919> second<00:17:45.679> understanding
human beings second understanding
human beings second understanding
society<00:17:46.600> and<00:17:46.880> culture<00:17:47.440> we<00:17:47.520> should<00:17:47.840> look<00:17:48.400> at
society and culture we should look at
society and culture we should look at
how<00:17:49.520> society<00:17:50.160> and<00:17:50.440> culture<00:17:51.240> uh<00:17:51.440> in<00:17:51.640> this
how society and culture uh in this
how society and culture uh in this
sociocultural<00:17:52.600> regulation<00:17:53.400> are<00:17:53.640> a<00:17:53.799> work<00:17:54.039> in
sociocultural regulation are a work in
sociocultural regulation are a work in
progress<00:17:54.960> and<00:17:55.200> finally<00:17:55.760> medicine<00:17:56.640> let's<00:17:56.880> not
progress and finally medicine let's not
progress and finally medicine let's not
forget<00:17:57.559> that<00:17:57.760> some<00:17:57.960> of<00:17:58.120> the<00:17:58.240> worst<00:17:58.559> dis
forget that some of the worst dis
forget that some of the worst dis
diseases<00:17:59.600> of<00:17:59.840> humankind<00:18:00.799> are<00:18:01.120> diseases<00:18:01.600> such
diseases of humankind are diseases such
diseases of humankind are diseases such
as<00:18:02.360> depression<00:18:03.280> Alzheimer's<00:18:03.960> disease<00:18:04.720> drug
as depression Alzheimer's disease drug
as depression Alzheimer's disease drug
addiction<00:18:05.960> think<00:18:06.200> of<00:18:06.799> Strokes<00:18:07.320> that<00:18:07.440> can
addiction think of Strokes that can
addiction think of Strokes that can
devastate<00:18:08.159> your<00:18:08.360> mind<00:18:08.880> or<00:18:09.080> render<00:18:09.440> you
devastate your mind or render you
devastate your mind or render you
unconscious<00:18:10.720> you<00:18:11.000> have<00:18:11.320> no<00:18:11.679> prayer<00:18:12.280> of
unconscious you have no prayer of
unconscious you have no prayer of
understanding<00:18:13.799> how<00:18:14.159> the<00:18:14.679> of<00:18:14.919> of<00:18:15.159> treating
understanding how the of of treating
understanding how the of of treating
those<00:18:15.880> diseases<00:18:16.480> effectively<00:18:17.200> and<00:18:17.320> in<00:18:17.440> a<00:18:17.640> non-
those diseases effectively and in a non-
those diseases effectively and in a non-
serendipitous<00:18:18.840> way<00:18:19.440> if<00:18:19.600> you<00:18:19.760> do<00:18:19.960> not<00:18:20.159> know<00:18:20.440> how
serendipitous way if you do not know how
serendipitous way if you do not know how
this<00:18:20.840> works<00:18:21.440> so<00:18:21.679> that's<00:18:21.799> a<00:18:22.000> very<00:18:22.200> good<00:18:22.440> reason
this works so that's a very good reason
this works so that's a very good reason
Beyond<00:18:23.720> curiosity<00:18:24.400> to<00:18:24.640> justify<00:18:25.559> what<00:18:25.720> we're
Beyond curiosity to justify what we're
Beyond curiosity to justify what we're
doing<00:18:26.320> and<00:18:26.440> to<00:18:26.640> justify<00:18:27.159> having<00:18:27.480> some
doing and to justify having some
doing and to justify having some
interest<00:18:28.480> in<00:18:28.840> what<00:18:28.960> is<00:18:29.120> going<00:18:29.320> on<00:18:29.480> in<00:18:29.600> our
interest in what is going on in our
interest in what is going on in our
brains<00:18:30.440> thank<00:18:30.600> you<00:18:30.679> for<00:18:30.840> your<00:18:31.039> attention
Antonio Damasio, consciousness, conscious, brain, neuroscience, neurology, neuroscientist, Antonio, Damasio, TED, TED, Talk, Ed, TED-Ed, TEDEducation
