What we learn before we're born - Annie Murphy Paul
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my<00:00:16.560> subject<00:00:17.000> today<00:00:17.400> is<00:00:17.600> learning<00:00:18.279> and<00:00:18.439> in<00:00:18.640> that
my subject today is learning and in that
my subject today is learning and in that
spirit<00:00:19.279> I<00:00:19.359> want<00:00:19.480> to<00:00:19.680> spring<00:00:20.080> on<00:00:20.240> you<00:00:20.400> all<00:00:20.680> a<00:00:20.880> pop
spirit I want to spring on you all a pop
spirit I want to spring on you all a pop
quiz<00:00:22.519> ready<00:00:23.519> when<00:00:24.039> does<00:00:24.320> learning<00:00:25.679> begin<00:00:26.679> now
quiz ready when does learning begin now
quiz ready when does learning begin now
as<00:00:26.920> you<00:00:27.080> ponder<00:00:27.519> that<00:00:27.760> question<00:00:28.519> maybe<00:00:28.760> you're
as you ponder that question maybe you're
as you ponder that question maybe you're
thinking<00:00:29.240> about<00:00:29.480> the<00:00:29.599> first<00:00:30.160> day<00:00:30.279> of
thinking about the first day of
thinking about the first day of
preschool<00:00:31.119> or<00:00:31.520> kindergarten<00:00:32.520> the<00:00:32.680> first<00:00:32.920> time
preschool or kindergarten the first time
preschool or kindergarten the first time
that<00:00:33.320> kids<00:00:33.520> are<00:00:33.680> in<00:00:33.800> a<00:00:34.000> classroom<00:00:34.520> with<00:00:34.640> a
that kids are in a classroom with a
that kids are in a classroom with a
teacher<00:00:36.040> or<00:00:36.239> maybe<00:00:36.480> you've<00:00:36.680> called<00:00:36.960> to<00:00:37.160> mind
teacher or maybe you've called to mind
teacher or maybe you've called to mind
the<00:00:37.640> toddler<00:00:38.200> phase<00:00:38.680> when<00:00:38.879> children<00:00:39.200> are
the toddler phase when children are
the toddler phase when children are
learning<00:00:39.719> how<00:00:39.840> to<00:00:40.079> walk<00:00:40.840> and<00:00:41.039> talk<00:00:41.440> and<00:00:41.559> use<00:00:41.760> a
learning how to walk and talk and use a
learning how to walk and talk and use a
fork<00:00:43.719> maybe<00:00:43.960> you've<00:00:44.200> encountered<00:00:44.719> the<00:00:44.920> zero
fork maybe you've encountered the zero
fork maybe you've encountered the zero
to<00:00:45.480> three<00:00:45.800> movement<00:00:46.800> which<00:00:46.960> asserts<00:00:47.520> that<00:00:47.960> the
to three movement which asserts that the
to three movement which asserts that the
most<00:00:48.760> important<00:00:49.280> years<00:00:49.840> for<00:00:50.039> learning<00:00:50.559> are
most important years for learning are
most important years for learning are
the<00:00:50.879> earliest<00:00:51.399> ones<00:00:52.280> and<00:00:52.399> so<00:00:52.600> your<00:00:52.840> answer<00:00:53.160> to
the earliest ones and so your answer to
the earliest ones and so your answer to
my<00:00:53.600> question<00:00:54.039> would<00:00:54.239> be<00:00:54.920> learning<00:00:55.359> begins<00:00:55.719> at
my question would be learning begins at
my question would be learning begins at
Birth<00:00:57.440> well<00:00:57.640> today<00:00:57.920> I<00:00:58.000> want<00:00:58.120> to<00:00:58.359> present<00:00:58.640> to
Birth well today I want to present to
Birth well today I want to present to
you<00:00:59.160> an<00:00:59.359> idea<00:00:59.719> that<00:01:00.079> may<00:01:00.239> be
you an idea that may be
you an idea that may be
surprising<00:01:02.000> that<00:01:02.199> may<00:01:02.399> even<00:01:02.640> seem
surprising that may even seem
surprising that may even seem
implausible<00:01:04.519> but<00:01:04.680> which<00:01:04.839> is<00:01:05.040> supported<00:01:05.560> by
implausible but which is supported by
implausible but which is supported by
the<00:01:05.880> latest<00:01:06.400> evidence<00:01:06.880> from<00:01:07.159> psychology<00:01:08.000> and
the latest evidence from psychology and
the latest evidence from psychology and
biology<00:01:09.520> and<00:01:09.680> that<00:01:09.840> is<00:01:10.159> that<00:01:10.360> some<00:01:10.520> of<00:01:10.640> the
biology and that is that some of the
biology and that is that some of the
most<00:01:11.119> important<00:01:11.600> learning<00:01:12.200> we<00:01:12.400> ever<00:01:12.640> do
most important learning we ever do
most important learning we ever do
happens<00:01:13.920> before<00:01:14.280> we're<00:01:14.520> born<00:01:15.400> while<00:01:15.560> we're
happens before we're born while we're
happens before we're born while we're
still<00:01:16.080> in<00:01:16.200> the
still in the
still in the
womb<00:01:17.840> now<00:01:18.400> I'm<00:01:18.560> a<00:01:18.799> science<00:01:19.320> reporter<00:01:20.119> I<00:01:20.240> write
womb now I'm a science reporter I write
womb now I'm a science reporter I write
books<00:01:20.840> and<00:01:21.040> magazine<00:01:21.479> articles<00:01:22.320> and<00:01:22.479> I'm<00:01:22.680> also
books and magazine articles and I'm also
books and magazine articles and I'm also
a<00:01:23.240> mother<00:01:24.240> and<00:01:24.400> those<00:01:24.600> two<00:01:24.759> roles<00:01:25.200> came
a mother and those two roles came
a mother and those two roles came
together<00:01:25.920> for<00:01:26.119> me<00:01:26.680> in<00:01:26.799> a<00:01:27.000> book<00:01:27.240> that<00:01:27.360> I<00:01:27.479> wrote
together for me in a book that I wrote
together for me in a book that I wrote
called<00:01:28.320> Origins<00:01:29.320> Origins<00:01:30.159> is<00:01:30.320> a<00:01:31.040> report<00:01:31.360> from
called Origins Origins is a report from
called Origins Origins is a report from
the<00:01:31.720> front<00:01:32.079> lines<00:01:32.880> of<00:01:33.000> an<00:01:33.240> exciting<00:01:33.759> New<00:01:34.000> Field
the front lines of an exciting New Field
the front lines of an exciting New Field
called<00:01:35.159> fetal<00:01:35.840> Origins<00:01:36.840> fetal<00:01:37.200> Origins<00:01:37.759> is<00:01:37.960> a
called fetal Origins fetal Origins is a
called fetal Origins fetal Origins is a
scientific<00:01:38.799> discipline<00:01:39.680> that<00:01:39.840> emerged<00:01:40.479> just
scientific discipline that emerged just
scientific discipline that emerged just
about<00:01:41.600> two<00:01:41.880> decades<00:01:42.520> ago<00:01:43.520> and<00:01:43.680> it's<00:01:43.960> based<00:01:44.479> on
about two decades ago and it's based on
about two decades ago and it's based on
the<00:01:44.880> theory<00:01:45.680> that<00:01:45.880> our<00:01:46.159> health<00:01:46.479> and
the theory that our health and
the theory that our health and
well-being<00:01:47.520> throughout<00:01:47.960> our<00:01:48.280> lives<00:01:49.240> is
well-being throughout our lives is
well-being throughout our lives is
crucially<00:01:50.079> affected<00:01:50.600> by<00:01:50.759> the<00:01:50.880> nine<00:01:51.159> months<00:01:51.479> we
crucially affected by the nine months we
crucially affected by the nine months we
spend<00:01:51.960> in<00:01:52.079> the<00:01:52.600> womb<00:01:53.600> now<00:01:53.880> this<00:01:54.040> theory<00:01:54.479> was<00:01:54.640> of
spend in the womb now this theory was of
spend in the womb now this theory was of
more<00:01:55.079> than<00:01:55.320> just<00:01:55.719> intellectual<00:01:56.520> interest<00:01:56.960> to
more than just intellectual interest to
more than just intellectual interest to
me<00:01:57.560> I<00:01:57.680> was<00:01:58.000> myself<00:01:58.560> pregnant<00:01:59.079> while<00:01:59.280> I<00:01:59.360> was
me I was myself pregnant while I was
me I was myself pregnant while I was
doing<00:02:00.240> the<00:02:00.439> research<00:02:00.880> for<00:02:01.039> the<00:02:01.640> book<00:02:02.640> and<00:02:02.799> one
doing the research for the book and one
doing the research for the book and one
of<00:02:03.159> the<00:02:03.360> most<00:02:04.039> fascinating<00:02:04.719> insights<00:02:05.520> I<00:02:05.680> took
of the most fascinating insights I took
of the most fascinating insights I took
from<00:02:06.200> this<00:02:06.399> work<00:02:07.240> is<00:02:07.560> that<00:02:08.039> we're<00:02:08.280> all
from this work is that we're all
from this work is that we're all
learning<00:02:09.160> about<00:02:09.440> the<00:02:09.599> world<00:02:10.160> even<00:02:10.720> before<00:02:11.039> we
learning about the world even before we
learning about the world even before we
enter<00:02:11.560> it<00:02:12.480> when<00:02:12.640> we<00:02:12.800> hold<00:02:13.080> our<00:02:13.319> babies<00:02:13.760> for<00:02:13.959> the
enter it when we hold our babies for the
enter it when we hold our babies for the
first<00:02:14.480> time<00:02:15.280> we<00:02:15.440> might<00:02:15.760> imagine<00:02:16.720> that<00:02:16.920> they're
first time we might imagine that they're
first time we might imagine that they're
clean<00:02:17.480> slates<00:02:18.200> unmarked<00:02:18.840> by<00:02:19.319> life<00:02:20.319> when<00:02:20.519> in
clean slates unmarked by life when in
clean slates unmarked by life when in
fact<00:02:21.200> they've<00:02:21.519> already<00:02:21.879> been<00:02:22.080> shaped<00:02:22.599> by<00:02:22.800> us
fact they've already been shaped by us
fact they've already been shaped by us
and<00:02:23.480> by<00:02:23.640> the<00:02:23.920> particular<00:02:24.920> world<00:02:25.319> we<00:02:25.480> live<00:02:25.680> in
and by the particular world we live in
and by the particular world we live in
today<00:02:26.920> I<00:02:27.000> want<00:02:27.120> to<00:02:27.239> share<00:02:27.560> with<00:02:27.680> you<00:02:27.840> some<00:02:28.000> of
today I want to share with you some of
today I want to share with you some of
the<00:02:28.360> amazing<00:02:28.959> things<00:02:29.280> that<00:02:29.440> scient<00:02:30.280> are
the amazing things that scient are
the amazing things that scient are
discovering<00:02:31.480> about<00:02:31.760> what<00:02:31.920> fetuses<00:02:32.560> learn
discovering about what fetuses learn
discovering about what fetuses learn
while<00:02:33.280> they're<00:02:33.519> still<00:02:34.239> in<00:02:34.360> their<00:02:34.560> mother's
while they're still in their mother's
while they're still in their mother's
bellies<00:02:37.160> first<00:02:37.360> of<00:02:37.519> all<00:02:38.200> they<00:02:38.319> learn<00:02:38.680> the
bellies first of all they learn the
bellies first of all they learn the
sound<00:02:39.280> of<00:02:39.400> their<00:02:39.599> mother's
sound of their mother's
sound of their mother's
voices<00:02:42.360> because<00:02:42.760> sounds<00:02:43.159> from<00:02:43.360> the<00:02:43.480> outside
voices because sounds from the outside
voices because sounds from the outside
world<00:02:44.360> have<00:02:44.480> to<00:02:44.720> travel<00:02:45.159> through<00:02:45.400> the
world have to travel through the
world have to travel through the
mother's<00:02:46.000> abdominal<00:02:46.640> tissue<00:02:47.480> and<00:02:47.760> through
mother's abdominal tissue and through
mother's abdominal tissue and through
the<00:02:48.800> amniotic<00:02:49.440> fluid<00:02:49.920> that<00:02:50.080> surrounds<00:02:50.599> the
the amniotic fluid that surrounds the
the amniotic fluid that surrounds the
fetus<00:02:52.120> the<00:02:52.280> voices<00:02:52.720> fetuses<00:02:53.360> here<00:02:54.080> starting
fetus the voices fetuses here starting
fetus the voices fetuses here starting
around<00:02:54.720> the<00:02:54.840> fourth<00:02:55.239> month<00:02:55.480> of<00:02:56.080> gestation<00:02:57.080> are
around the fourth month of gestation are
around the fourth month of gestation are
muted<00:02:57.720> and<00:02:58.040> muffled<00:02:59.040> one<00:02:59.239> researcher<00:02:59.920> says
muted and muffled one researcher says
muted and muffled one researcher says
that<00:03:00.560> they<00:03:00.800> probably<00:03:01.200> sound<00:03:01.480> a<00:03:01.640> lot<00:03:01.920> like<00:03:02.120> the
that they probably sound a lot like the
that they probably sound a lot like the
voice<00:03:02.599> of<00:03:02.800> Charlie<00:03:03.200> Brown's<00:03:03.640> teacher<00:03:04.040> in<00:03:04.159> the
voice of Charlie Brown's teacher in the
voice of Charlie Brown's teacher in the
old<00:03:04.519> Peanuts
old Peanuts
old Peanuts
cartoon<00:03:07.400> but<00:03:07.959> the<00:03:08.159> pregnant<00:03:08.519> woman's<00:03:08.959> own
cartoon but the pregnant woman's own
cartoon but the pregnant woman's own
Voice<00:03:09.760> reverberates<00:03:10.560> through<00:03:10.799> her<00:03:11.040> body
Voice reverberates through her body
Voice reverberates through her body
reaching<00:03:12.560> the<00:03:12.680> fetus<00:03:13.280> much<00:03:13.480> more<00:03:14.120> readily<00:03:15.120> and
reaching the fetus much more readily and
reaching the fetus much more readily and
because<00:03:15.560> the<00:03:15.799> fetus<00:03:16.280> is<00:03:16.480> with<00:03:16.680> her<00:03:17.120> all<00:03:17.360> the
because the fetus is with her all the
because the fetus is with her all the
time<00:03:18.080> it<00:03:18.239> hears<00:03:18.680> her<00:03:19.000> voice<00:03:19.720> a<00:03:20.080> lot<00:03:21.080> once<00:03:21.319> the
time it hears her voice a lot once the
time it hears her voice a lot once the
baby's<00:03:21.840> born<00:03:22.280> it<00:03:22.519> recognizes<00:03:23.280> her<00:03:23.519> voice<00:03:24.040> and
baby's born it recognizes her voice and
baby's born it recognizes her voice and
it<00:03:24.400> prefers<00:03:24.920> listening<00:03:25.360> to<00:03:25.599> her<00:03:25.840> voice<00:03:26.159> over
it prefers listening to her voice over
it prefers listening to her voice over
anyone<00:03:27.080> else's<00:03:28.080> how<00:03:28.239> can<00:03:28.400> we<00:03:28.560> know<00:03:28.840> this
anyone else's how can we know this
anyone else's how can we know this
newborn<00:03:30.280> babies<00:03:30.879> can't<00:03:31.120> do<00:03:31.400> much<00:03:31.920> but<00:03:32.120> one
newborn babies can't do much but one
newborn babies can't do much but one
thing<00:03:32.480> they're<00:03:32.760> really<00:03:33.040> good<00:03:33.239> at<00:03:33.480> is
thing they're really good at is
thing they're really good at is
sucking<00:03:35.200> researchers<00:03:36.200> take<00:03:36.480> advantage<00:03:36.840> of
sucking researchers take advantage of
sucking researchers take advantage of
this<00:03:37.239> fact<00:03:37.519> by<00:03:37.760> rigging<00:03:38.120> up<00:03:38.400> two<00:03:38.959> rubber
this fact by rigging up two rubber
this fact by rigging up two rubber
nipples<00:03:40.599> so<00:03:40.879> that<00:03:41.159> if<00:03:41.280> a<00:03:41.480> baby<00:03:41.959> sucks<00:03:42.319> on<00:03:42.519> one
nipples so that if a baby sucks on one
nipples so that if a baby sucks on one
it<00:03:42.920> hears<00:03:43.200> a<00:03:43.439> recording<00:03:43.920> of<00:03:44.080> its<00:03:44.480> mother's
it hears a recording of its mother's
it hears a recording of its mother's
voice<00:03:45.319> on<00:03:45.680> a<00:03:45.840> pair<00:03:46.000> of<00:03:46.159> headphones<00:03:46.959> and<00:03:47.080> if<00:03:47.200> it
voice on a pair of headphones and if it
voice on a pair of headphones and if it
sucks<00:03:47.640> on<00:03:47.799> the<00:03:47.920> other<00:03:48.120> nipple<00:03:48.519> it<00:03:48.720> hears<00:03:49.319> a
sucks on the other nipple it hears a
sucks on the other nipple it hears a
recording<00:03:50.080> of<00:03:50.200> a<00:03:50.400> female<00:03:50.799> stranger's<00:03:51.959> voice
recording of a female stranger's voice
recording of a female stranger's voice
babies<00:03:53.439> quickly<00:03:54.400> show<00:03:54.799> their<00:03:55.120> preference<00:03:55.680> by
babies quickly show their preference by
babies quickly show their preference by
choosing<00:03:56.319> the<00:03:56.480> first
choosing the first
choosing the first
one<00:03:58.680> scientists<00:03:59.439> also<00:03:59.799> o<00:03:59.959> take<00:04:00.159> advantage<00:04:00.760> of
one scientists also o take advantage of
one scientists also o take advantage of
the<00:04:01.159> fact<00:04:01.879> that<00:04:02.120> babies<00:04:02.519> will<00:04:02.760> slow<00:04:03.159> down
the fact that babies will slow down
the fact that babies will slow down
their<00:04:03.599> sucking<00:04:04.079> when<00:04:04.280> something<00:04:04.680> interests
their sucking when something interests
their sucking when something interests
them<00:04:06.079> and<00:04:06.280> resume<00:04:06.799> their<00:04:07.040> fast<00:04:07.360> sucking<00:04:07.840> when
them and resume their fast sucking when
them and resume their fast sucking when
they<00:04:08.159> get
they get
they get
bored<00:04:11.000> this<00:04:11.120> is<00:04:11.360> how<00:04:11.640> researchers<00:04:12.599> discovered
bored this is how researchers discovered
bored this is how researchers discovered
that<00:04:13.680> after<00:04:14.040> women<00:04:14.519> repeatedly<00:04:15.120> read<00:04:15.439> aloud<00:04:15.959> a
that after women repeatedly read aloud a
that after women repeatedly read aloud a
section<00:04:16.479> of<00:04:16.759> Dr<00:04:17.040> Seuss's<00:04:17.720> the<00:04:17.880> cat<00:04:18.120> and<00:04:18.280> the
section of Dr Seuss's the cat and the
section of Dr Seuss's the cat and the
hat<00:04:19.120> while<00:04:19.320> they<00:04:19.440> were<00:04:19.680> pregnant<00:04:20.560> their
hat while they were pregnant their
hat while they were pregnant their
newborn<00:04:21.359> babies<00:04:21.959> recognized<00:04:22.639> that<00:04:22.880> passage
newborn babies recognized that passage
newborn babies recognized that passage
when<00:04:23.479> they<00:04:23.600> heard<00:04:23.880> it<00:04:24.120> outside<00:04:24.520> the<00:04:25.040> womb<00:04:26.040> my
when they heard it outside the womb my
when they heard it outside the womb my
favorite<00:04:26.759> experiment<00:04:27.280> of<00:04:27.479> this<00:04:27.680> kind<00:04:28.479> is<00:04:28.639> the
favorite experiment of this kind is the
favorite experiment of this kind is the
one<00:04:28.919> that<00:04:29.000> showed<00:04:29.320> that<00:04:29.400> the<00:04:29.720> babies<00:04:30.000> of<00:04:30.199> women
one that showed that the babies of women
one that showed that the babies of women
who<00:04:30.840> watched<00:04:31.240> a<00:04:31.360> certain<00:04:31.720> soap<00:04:32.160> opera<00:04:32.759> every
who watched a certain soap opera every
who watched a certain soap opera every
day<00:04:33.680> during<00:04:34.560> pregnancy<00:04:35.560> recognized<00:04:36.240> the
day during pregnancy recognized the
day during pregnancy recognized the
theme<00:04:36.759> song<00:04:37.280> of<00:04:37.479> that<00:04:37.800> of<00:04:38.039> that<00:04:38.199> show<00:04:38.639> once
theme song of that of that show once
theme song of that of that show once
they<00:04:39.039> were<00:04:39.520> once<00:04:39.759> they<00:04:39.880> were
they were once they were
they were once they were
born<00:04:41.840> so<00:04:42.240> fetuses<00:04:42.800> are<00:04:43.039> even<00:04:43.280> learning<00:04:43.680> about
born so fetuses are even learning about
born so fetuses are even learning about
the<00:04:44.240> particular<00:04:44.880> language<00:04:45.520> that's<00:04:45.800> spoken
the particular language that's spoken
the particular language that's spoken
and<00:04:46.639> the<00:04:46.759> world<00:04:47.080> that<00:04:47.240> they'll<00:04:47.479> be<00:04:47.639> born<00:04:48.080> into
and the world that they'll be born into
and the world that they'll be born into
a<00:04:49.240> study<00:04:49.639> published<00:04:50.160> last<00:04:50.720> year<00:04:51.720> found<00:04:52.240> that
a study published last year found that
a study published last year found that
from<00:04:53.199> birth<00:04:53.680> from<00:04:53.840> the<00:04:53.960> moment<00:04:54.240> of<00:04:54.440> birth
from birth from the moment of birth
from birth from the moment of birth
babies<00:04:55.520> cry<00:04:56.039> in<00:04:56.199> the<00:04:56.479> accent<00:04:56.919> of<00:04:57.080> their
babies cry in the accent of their
babies cry in the accent of their
mother's<00:04:57.800> native<00:04:58.360> language<00:04:59.360> Bab<00:04:59.720> B<00:05:00.120> French
mother's native language Bab B French
mother's native language Bab B French
babies<00:05:00.880> cries<00:05:01.400> end<00:05:01.840> on<00:05:01.960> a<00:05:02.160> rising<00:05:02.600> note<00:05:03.280> while
babies cries end on a rising note while
babies cries end on a rising note while
German<00:05:03.960> babies<00:05:04.400> end<00:05:04.720> on<00:05:04.840> a<00:05:05.000> falling<00:05:05.479> note
German babies end on a falling note
German babies end on a falling note
imitating<00:05:06.639> the<00:05:06.800> melodic<00:05:07.400> Contours<00:05:08.199> of<00:05:08.440> those
imitating the melodic Contours of those
imitating the melodic Contours of those
languages<00:05:10.320> now<00:05:10.680> why<00:05:10.840> would<00:05:11.080> this<00:05:11.280> kind<00:05:11.400> of
languages now why would this kind of
languages now why would this kind of
fetal<00:05:11.919> learning<00:05:12.440> be<00:05:13.039> useful<00:05:14.039> it<00:05:14.199> may<00:05:14.479> have
fetal learning be useful it may have
fetal learning be useful it may have
evolved<00:05:15.160> to<00:05:15.320> Aid<00:05:15.680> the<00:05:15.800> baby's<00:05:16.400> survival<00:05:17.400> from
evolved to Aid the baby's survival from
evolved to Aid the baby's survival from
the<00:05:17.720> moment<00:05:18.000> of<00:05:18.160> birth<00:05:18.479> the<00:05:18.639> baby<00:05:19.080> responds
the moment of birth the baby responds
the moment of birth the baby responds
most<00:05:20.080> to<00:05:20.280> the<00:05:20.479> voice<00:05:20.880> of<00:05:21.080> the<00:05:21.280> person<00:05:21.880> who<00:05:22.039> is
most to the voice of the person who is
most to the voice of the person who is
most<00:05:22.479> likely<00:05:22.800> to<00:05:23.000> care<00:05:23.199> for<00:05:23.400> it<00:05:23.919> its<00:05:24.199> mother<00:05:25.199> it
most likely to care for it its mother it
most likely to care for it its mother it
even<00:05:25.720> makes<00:05:26.039> its<00:05:26.319> cries<00:05:26.919> sound<00:05:27.479> like<00:05:27.680> the
even makes its cries sound like the
even makes its cries sound like the
mother's<00:05:28.280> language<00:05:29.199> which<00:05:29.360> may<00:05:29.759> further
mother's language which may further
mother's language which may further
endear<00:05:30.600> the<00:05:30.759> baby<00:05:31.000> to<00:05:31.199> the<00:05:31.360> mother<00:05:32.120> and<00:05:32.280> which
endear the baby to the mother and which
endear the baby to the mother and which
may<00:05:32.639> give<00:05:32.840> the<00:05:32.960> baby<00:05:33.240> a<00:05:33.440> head<00:05:33.759> start<00:05:34.080> in<00:05:34.199> the
may give the baby a head start in the
may give the baby a head start in the
critical<00:05:34.960> task<00:05:35.720> of<00:05:35.880> learning<00:05:36.479> how<00:05:37.160> to
critical task of learning how to
critical task of learning how to
understand<00:05:38.080> and<00:05:38.280> speak<00:05:38.639> its<00:05:38.880> native
understand and speak its native
understand and speak its native
language<00:05:41.039> but<00:05:41.199> it's<00:05:41.400> not<00:05:41.680> just<00:05:41.919> sounds<00:05:42.600> that
language but it's not just sounds that
language but it's not just sounds that
fetuses<00:05:43.199> are<00:05:43.319> learning<00:05:43.680> about<00:05:43.919> in<00:05:44.039> utero<00:05:44.960> it's
fetuses are learning about in utero it's
fetuses are learning about in utero it's
also<00:05:45.680> tastes<00:05:46.199> and
also tastes and
also tastes and
smells<00:05:48.120> by<00:05:48.280> seven<00:05:48.560> months<00:05:48.840> of<00:05:49.000> gestation<00:05:49.600> the
smells by seven months of gestation the
smells by seven months of gestation the
fetus's<00:05:50.280> taste<00:05:50.520> buds<00:05:50.800> are<00:05:51.000> fully<00:05:51.400> developed
fetus's taste buds are fully developed
fetus's taste buds are fully developed
and<00:05:52.479> its<00:05:52.680> olfactory<00:05:53.360> receptors<00:05:54.000> which<00:05:54.160> allow
and its olfactory receptors which allow
and its olfactory receptors which allow
it<00:05:54.520> to<00:05:54.720> smell<00:05:55.479> are<00:05:56.199> functioning<00:05:57.199> the<00:05:57.360> flavors
it to smell are functioning the flavors
it to smell are functioning the flavors
of<00:05:57.960> the<00:05:58.080> food<00:05:58.319> a<00:05:58.520> pregnant<00:05:58.919> wom<00:05:59.160> eats<00:05:59.639> find
of the food a pregnant wom eats find
of the food a pregnant wom eats find
their<00:06:00.120> way<00:06:00.400> into<00:06:00.680> the<00:06:00.840> amniotic<00:06:01.440> fluid<00:06:02.160> which
their way into the amniotic fluid which
their way into the amniotic fluid which
is<00:06:02.520> continuously<00:06:03.240> swallowed<00:06:03.840> by<00:06:03.960> the
is continuously swallowed by the
is continuously swallowed by the
fetus<00:06:05.680> babies<00:06:06.000> seem<00:06:06.280> to<00:06:06.520> remember<00:06:07.319> and<00:06:07.599> prefer
fetus babies seem to remember and prefer
fetus babies seem to remember and prefer
these<00:06:08.280> tastes<00:06:08.919> once<00:06:09.160> they're<00:06:09.400> out<00:06:10.160> in<00:06:10.319> the
these tastes once they're out in the
these tastes once they're out in the
world<00:06:11.919> in<00:06:12.120> one<00:06:12.400> experiment<00:06:12.919> a<00:06:13.080> group<00:06:13.319> of
world in one experiment a group of
world in one experiment a group of
pregnant<00:06:13.880> women<00:06:14.400> was<00:06:14.599> asked<00:06:14.840> to<00:06:14.960> drink<00:06:15.240> a<00:06:15.360> lot
pregnant women was asked to drink a lot
pregnant women was asked to drink a lot
of<00:06:15.759> carrot<00:06:16.160> juice<00:06:16.520> during<00:06:16.840> their<00:06:17.520> third
of carrot juice during their third
of carrot juice during their third
trimester<00:06:18.520> of<00:06:18.720> pregnancy<00:06:19.400> while<00:06:19.720> another
trimester of pregnancy while another
trimester of pregnancy while another
group<00:06:20.479> of<00:06:20.680> women<00:06:21.280> pregnant<00:06:21.639> women<00:06:22.120> drank<00:06:22.440> only
group of women pregnant women drank only
group of women pregnant women drank only
water<00:06:23.840> 6<00:06:24.120> months<00:06:24.440> later<00:06:24.800> the<00:06:24.919> women's<00:06:25.400> infants
water 6 months later the women's infants
water 6 months later the women's infants
were<00:06:26.479> offered<00:06:26.919> cereal<00:06:27.440> mixed<00:06:27.800> with<00:06:28.080> carrot
were offered cereal mixed with carrot
were offered cereal mixed with carrot
juice<00:06:29.360> and<00:06:29.680> their<00:06:29.960> facial<00:06:30.400> expressions<00:06:30.919> were
juice and their facial expressions were
juice and their facial expressions were
observed<00:06:31.800> at<00:06:31.960> while<00:06:32.160> they<00:06:32.319> ate<00:06:32.520> it<00:06:33.520> The
observed at while they ate it The
observed at while they ate it The
Offspring<00:06:34.199> of<00:06:34.319> the<00:06:34.520> carrot<00:06:34.840> juice<00:06:35.160> drinking
Offspring of the carrot juice drinking
Offspring of the carrot juice drinking
women<00:06:36.080> ate<00:06:36.360> more<00:06:36.800> carrot<00:06:37.120> flavored<00:06:37.599> cereal
women ate more carrot flavored cereal
women ate more carrot flavored cereal
and<00:06:38.599> from<00:06:38.800> the<00:06:38.919> looks<00:06:39.160> of<00:06:39.280> it<00:06:39.440> they<00:06:39.560> seem<00:06:39.840> to
and from the looks of it they seem to
and from the looks of it they seem to
enjoy<00:06:40.400> it<00:06:41.039> more<00:06:42.039> a<00:06:42.160> sort<00:06:42.360> of<00:06:42.560> French<00:06:42.960> version
enjoy it more a sort of French version
enjoy it more a sort of French version
of<00:06:43.479> this<00:06:43.720> experiment<00:06:44.319> was<00:06:44.560> carried<00:06:44.880> out<00:06:45.120> in
of this experiment was carried out in
of this experiment was carried out in
djon<00:06:46.280> France<00:06:47.280> where<00:06:47.599> researchers<00:06:48.199> found<00:06:48.520> that
djon France where researchers found that
djon France where researchers found that
mothers<00:06:49.800> who<00:06:50.080> consumed<00:06:51.080> food<00:06:51.440> and<00:06:51.599> drank
mothers who consumed food and drank
mothers who consumed food and drank
flavored<00:06:52.520> with<00:06:53.199> uh<00:06:53.360> licorice<00:06:53.919> flavored<00:06:54.840> Anis
flavored with uh licorice flavored Anis
flavored with uh licorice flavored Anis
during<00:06:56.240> pregnancy<00:06:56.800> showed<00:06:57.160> a<00:06:57.400> preference<00:06:57.840> for
during pregnancy showed a preference for
during pregnancy showed a preference for
Anis<00:06:58.840> on<00:06:59.000> their<00:06:59.160> first<00:06:59.720> day<00:06:59.840> of<00:07:00.039> life<00:07:00.879> and
Anis on their first day of life and
Anis on their first day of life and
again<00:07:01.319> when<00:07:01.479> they<00:07:01.560> were<00:07:01.759> tested<00:07:02.120> later<00:07:02.440> on
again when they were tested later on
again when they were tested later on
their<00:07:02.800> fourth<00:07:03.199> day<00:07:03.319> of<00:07:03.520> life<00:07:04.440> babies<00:07:04.879> whose
their fourth day of life babies whose
their fourth day of life babies whose
mothers<00:07:05.560> did<00:07:05.759> not<00:07:05.960> eat<00:07:06.199> Anis<00:07:06.639> during
mothers did not eat Anis during
mothers did not eat Anis during
pregnancy<00:07:08.199> showed<00:07:08.520> a<00:07:08.680> reaction<00:07:09.160> that
pregnancy showed a reaction that
pregnancy showed a reaction that
translated<00:07:10.080> roughly<00:07:10.479> as
translated roughly as
translated roughly as
yuck<00:07:13.560> what<00:07:13.720> this<00:07:13.879> means<00:07:14.199> is<00:07:14.319> that<00:07:14.520> fetuses<00:07:15.039> are
yuck what this means is that fetuses are
yuck what this means is that fetuses are
effectively<00:07:15.919> being<00:07:16.199> taught<00:07:16.560> by<00:07:16.680> their
effectively being taught by their
effectively being taught by their
mothers<00:07:17.319> about<00:07:17.639> what<00:07:17.759> is<00:07:18.039> safe<00:07:18.400> and<00:07:18.639> good<00:07:18.800> to
mothers about what is safe and good to
mothers about what is safe and good to
eat<00:07:20.000> fetuses<00:07:20.479> are<00:07:20.680> also<00:07:20.960> being<00:07:21.160> taught<00:07:21.479> about
eat fetuses are also being taught about
eat fetuses are also being taught about
the<00:07:21.960> particular<00:07:22.639> culture<00:07:23.240> that<00:07:23.360> they'll<00:07:23.599> be
the particular culture that they'll be
the particular culture that they'll be
joining<00:07:25.160> through<00:07:25.479> one<00:07:25.680> of<00:07:26.160> culture's<00:07:26.720> most
joining through one of culture's most
joining through one of culture's most
powerful<00:07:27.639> Expressions<00:07:28.400> which<00:07:28.520> is<00:07:28.680> food
powerful Expressions which is food
powerful Expressions which is food
they're<00:07:29.840> being<00:07:30.160> introduced<00:07:30.680> to<00:07:30.840> the
they're being introduced to the
they're being introduced to the
characteristic<00:07:32.280> flavors<00:07:32.879> and<00:07:33.120> spices<00:07:34.000> of
characteristic flavors and spices of
characteristic flavors and spices of
their<00:07:34.360> culture's<00:07:34.840> Cuisine<00:07:35.400> even<00:07:35.840> before
their culture's Cuisine even before
their culture's Cuisine even before
birth<00:07:37.960> now<00:07:38.160> it<00:07:38.280> turns<00:07:38.599> out<00:07:38.759> that<00:07:38.919> fetuses<00:07:39.400> are
birth now it turns out that fetuses are
birth now it turns out that fetuses are
learning<00:07:40.000> even<00:07:40.280> bigger<00:07:40.680> lessons<00:07:41.520> but<00:07:41.720> before
learning even bigger lessons but before
learning even bigger lessons but before
I<00:07:42.160> get<00:07:42.280> to<00:07:42.560> that<00:07:43.319> I<00:07:43.440> want<00:07:43.560> to<00:07:43.759> address
I get to that I want to address
I get to that I want to address
something<00:07:44.479> that<00:07:44.599> you<00:07:44.759> may<00:07:44.879> be<00:07:45.039> wondering
something that you may be wondering
something that you may be wondering
about<00:07:46.759> the<00:07:46.919> notion<00:07:47.199> of<00:07:47.360> fetal<00:07:47.720> learning<00:07:48.440> May
about the notion of fetal learning May
about the notion of fetal learning May
conjure<00:07:49.159> up<00:07:49.319> for<00:07:49.520> you<00:07:49.919> attempts<00:07:50.280> to<00:07:50.479> enrich
conjure up for you attempts to enrich
conjure up for you attempts to enrich
the<00:07:51.039> fetus<00:07:51.560> like<00:07:51.720> playing<00:07:52.080> mosart<00:07:53.000> through
the fetus like playing mosart through
the fetus like playing mosart through
headphones<00:07:53.919> placed<00:07:54.240> on<00:07:54.360> a<00:07:54.520> pregnant<00:07:55.000> belly
headphones placed on a pregnant belly
headphones placed on a pregnant belly
but<00:07:56.240> actually<00:07:56.560> the<00:07:56.720> 9mon<00:07:57.440> long<00:07:58.039> process<00:07:58.560> of
but actually the 9mon long process of
but actually the 9mon long process of
molding<00:07:59.199> and<00:07:59.560> shaping<00:08:00.000> that<00:08:00.199> goes<00:08:00.440> on<00:08:01.080> in<00:08:01.240> the
molding and shaping that goes on in the
molding and shaping that goes on in the
womb<00:08:01.759> is<00:08:02.120> a<00:08:02.319> lot<00:08:02.560> more<00:08:02.879> visceral<00:08:03.479> and
womb is a lot more visceral and
womb is a lot more visceral and
consequential<00:08:04.599> than<00:08:05.280> that<00:08:06.280> much<00:08:06.479> of<00:08:06.639> what<00:08:06.800> a
consequential than that much of what a
consequential than that much of what a
pregnant<00:08:07.280> woman<00:08:07.599> Encounters<00:08:08.479> in<00:08:08.680> her<00:08:08.960> daily
pregnant woman Encounters in her daily
pregnant woman Encounters in her daily
life<00:08:10.280> the<00:08:10.440> air<00:08:10.720> she<00:08:10.879> breathes<00:08:11.479> the<00:08:11.599> food<00:08:11.879> and
life the air she breathes the food and
life the air she breathes the food and
drink<00:08:12.479> she<00:08:13.080> consumes<00:08:14.080> the<00:08:14.280> chemicals<00:08:14.720> she's
drink she consumes the chemicals she's
drink she consumes the chemicals she's
exposed<00:08:15.520> to<00:08:15.919> even<00:08:16.199> the<00:08:16.400> emotions<00:08:16.919> she<00:08:17.120> feels
exposed to even the emotions she feels
exposed to even the emotions she feels
are<00:08:18.199> shared<00:08:18.840> in<00:08:19.039> some<00:08:19.400> fashion<00:08:20.000> with<00:08:20.159> her
are shared in some fashion with her
are shared in some fashion with her
fetus<00:08:21.560> they<00:08:21.720> make<00:08:21.919> up<00:08:22.080> a<00:08:22.240> mix<00:08:22.520> of<00:08:22.879> influences
fetus they make up a mix of influences
fetus they make up a mix of influences
as<00:08:24.120> individual<00:08:24.800> and<00:08:25.080> idiosyncratic<00:08:26.080> as<00:08:26.199> the
as individual and idiosyncratic as the
as individual and idiosyncratic as the
woman<00:08:27.000> herself<00:08:28.000> the<00:08:28.159> fetus<00:08:28.720> incorporates
woman herself the fetus incorporates
woman herself the fetus incorporates
these<00:08:30.240> offerings<00:08:30.759> into<00:08:31.039> its<00:08:31.199> own<00:08:31.520> body<00:08:32.320> makes
these offerings into its own body makes
these offerings into its own body makes
them<00:08:33.039> part<00:08:33.200> of<00:08:33.360> its<00:08:33.599> flesh<00:08:33.880> and<00:08:34.200> blood<00:08:35.200> and
them part of its flesh and blood and
them part of its flesh and blood and
often<00:08:35.680> it<00:08:35.880> does<00:08:36.120> something<00:08:36.519> more<00:08:37.279> it<00:08:37.479> treats
often it does something more it treats
often it does something more it treats
these<00:08:38.120> maternal<00:08:38.919> contributions<00:08:39.919> as
these maternal contributions as
these maternal contributions as
information<00:08:41.200> as<00:08:41.399> what<00:08:41.519> I<00:08:41.680> like<00:08:41.839> to<00:08:42.039> call
information as what I like to call
information as what I like to call
biological<00:08:43.479> Postcards<00:08:44.279> From<00:08:44.480> the
Annie Murphoy Paul, learning, education, literature, language, womb, baby, science, TED, TED-Ed, TED, Ed, TEDEducation
