The beautiful tricks of flowers - Jonathan Drori
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
[Applause]
do<00:00:18.160> you<00:00:18.359> know<00:00:19.119> how<00:00:19.320> many<00:00:19.600> species<00:00:19.960> of
do you know how many species of
do you know how many species of
flowering<00:00:20.680> plants<00:00:21.080> there
flowering plants there
flowering plants there
are<00:00:23.160> there<00:00:23.240> are<00:00:23.320> a<00:00:23.439> quarter<00:00:23.720> of<00:00:23.800> a<00:00:23.920> million<00:00:24.519> at
are there are a quarter of a million at
are there are a quarter of a million at
least<00:00:24.960> those<00:00:25.080> are<00:00:25.199> the<00:00:25.279> ones<00:00:25.480> we<00:00:25.599> know<00:00:25.760> about
least those are the ones we know about
least those are the ones we know about
quarter<00:00:26.359> of<00:00:26.439> a<00:00:26.519> million<00:00:26.840> species<00:00:27.119> of
quarter of a million species of
quarter of a million species of
flowering<00:00:27.760> plants<00:00:28.760> and<00:00:28.920> flowers<00:00:29.640> are<00:00:30.000> real
flowering plants and flowers are real
flowering plants and flowers are real
bugger<00:00:30.560> they're<00:00:30.880> really<00:00:31.359> difficult<00:00:31.480> for
bugger they're really difficult for
bugger they're really difficult for
plants<00:00:31.960> to<00:00:32.160> produce<00:00:32.920> they<00:00:33.079> take<00:00:33.239> an<00:00:33.360> enormous
plants to produce they take an enormous
plants to produce they take an enormous
amount<00:00:33.960> of<00:00:34.079> energy<00:00:34.480> and<00:00:34.600> a<00:00:34.719> lot<00:00:34.840> of<00:00:35.239> resources
amount of energy and a lot of resources
amount of energy and a lot of resources
why<00:00:36.399> would<00:00:36.559> they<00:00:36.680> go<00:00:36.800> to<00:00:36.960> that<00:00:37.160> bother<00:00:38.160> and<00:00:38.320> the
why would they go to that bother and the
why would they go to that bother and the
answer<00:00:38.719> of<00:00:38.840> course<00:00:39.079> like<00:00:39.239> so<00:00:39.440> many<00:00:39.640> things<00:00:39.840> in
answer of course like so many things in
answer of course like so many things in
the<00:00:40.039> world<00:00:40.320> is<00:00:40.879> sex<00:00:41.879> I<00:00:42.000> know<00:00:42.120> what's<00:00:42.320> on<00:00:42.440> your
the world is sex I know what's on your
the world is sex I know what's on your
mind<00:00:42.760> when<00:00:42.879> you're<00:00:43.000> looking<00:00:43.239> at<00:00:43.399> these
mind when you're looking at these
mind when you're looking at these
pictures<00:00:46.280> and<00:00:46.440> the<00:00:46.559> reason<00:00:46.920> that<00:00:47.199> sexual
pictures and the reason that sexual
pictures and the reason that sexual
reproduction<00:00:48.239> is<00:00:48.399> so<00:00:48.600> important<00:00:49.000> there<00:00:49.079> are
reproduction is so important there are
reproduction is so important there are
lots<00:00:49.399> of<00:00:49.520> other<00:00:49.719> things<00:00:49.920> that<00:00:50.039> plants<00:00:50.360> can<00:00:50.480> do
lots of other things that plants can do
lots of other things that plants can do
to<00:00:50.800> reproduce<00:00:51.800> you<00:00:51.879> can<00:00:52.039> take<00:00:52.280> cuttings<00:00:52.960> they
to reproduce you can take cuttings they
to reproduce you can take cuttings they
can<00:00:53.480> uh<00:00:54.000> they<00:00:54.120> can<00:00:54.199> sort<00:00:54.359> of<00:00:54.440> have<00:00:54.600> sex<00:00:54.840> with
can uh they can sort of have sex with
can uh they can sort of have sex with
themselves<00:00:55.440> they<00:00:55.520> can<00:00:55.640> pollinate<00:00:56.239> themselves
themselves they can pollinate themselves
themselves they can pollinate themselves
um<00:00:57.719> but<00:00:58.199> they<00:00:58.320> really<00:00:58.519> need<00:00:58.680> to<00:00:58.840> spread<00:00:59.359> their
um but they really need to spread their
um but they really need to spread their
Gene<00:01:00.239> to<00:01:00.399> mix<00:01:00.719> with<00:01:00.879> other<00:01:01.079> genes<00:01:01.640> so<00:01:01.800> that
Gene to mix with other genes so that
Gene to mix with other genes so that
they<00:01:02.039> can<00:01:02.239> adapt<00:01:02.519> to<00:01:02.719> environmental<00:01:03.320> niches
they can adapt to environmental niches
they can adapt to environmental niches
Evolution<00:01:04.879> works<00:01:05.320> that<00:01:05.519> way<00:01:06.280> now<00:01:06.560> the<00:01:06.680> way
Evolution works that way now the way
Evolution works that way now the way
that<00:01:07.000> plants<00:01:07.400> transmit<00:01:07.960> that<00:01:08.119> information<00:01:08.560> is
that plants transmit that information is
that plants transmit that information is
through<00:01:08.960> pollen<00:01:09.640> some<00:01:09.799> of<00:01:09.880> you<00:01:10.000> may<00:01:10.119> have<00:01:10.240> seen
through pollen some of you may have seen
through pollen some of you may have seen
some<00:01:10.560> of<00:01:10.680> these<00:01:10.840> pictures<00:01:11.159> before<00:01:11.479> as<00:01:11.560> I<00:01:11.680> say
some of these pictures before as I say
some of these pictures before as I say
every<00:01:12.040> home<00:01:12.200> should<00:01:12.400> have<00:01:12.479> a<00:01:12.600> scanning
every home should have a scanning
every home should have a scanning
electron<00:01:13.360> microscope<00:01:14.240> you'll<00:01:14.400> be<00:01:14.479> able<00:01:14.640> to
electron microscope you'll be able to
electron microscope you'll be able to
see<00:01:15.000> these<00:01:15.400> and<00:01:15.520> there<00:01:15.640> is<00:01:15.799> many<00:01:16.040> different
see these and there is many different
see these and there is many different
kinds<00:01:16.520> of<00:01:16.759> pollen<00:01:17.759> as<00:01:17.920> there<00:01:18.040> are<00:01:18.439> flowering
kinds of pollen as there are flowering
kinds of pollen as there are flowering
plants<00:01:19.840> and<00:01:20.040> and<00:01:20.200> that's<00:01:20.400> actually<00:01:20.640> rather
plants and and that's actually rather
plants and and that's actually rather
useful<00:01:21.200> for<00:01:21.960> forensics<00:01:22.520> and<00:01:22.640> so<00:01:22.799> on<00:01:23.320> most
useful for forensics and so on most
useful for forensics and so on most
pollen<00:01:24.159> that<00:01:24.280> causes<00:01:24.720> hay<00:01:25.000> fever<00:01:25.280> for<00:01:25.439> us<00:01:25.600> is
pollen that causes hay fever for us is
pollen that causes hay fever for us is
from<00:01:25.960> plants<00:01:26.400> that<00:01:27.119> use<00:01:27.840> the<00:01:27.960> wind<00:01:28.400> to
from plants that use the wind to
from plants that use the wind to
disseminate<00:01:29.119> the<00:01:29.240> pollen<00:01:29.720> and<00:01:30.079> that's<00:01:30.520> a<00:01:31.079> very
disseminate the pollen and that's a very
disseminate the pollen and that's a very
inefficient<00:01:31.960> process<00:01:32.360> which<00:01:32.479> is<00:01:32.600> why<00:01:32.720> it<00:01:32.799> gets
inefficient process which is why it gets
inefficient process which is why it gets
up<00:01:33.119> our<00:01:33.280> noses<00:01:33.640> so<00:01:33.840> much<00:01:34.520> because<00:01:34.680> you<00:01:34.799> have<00:01:34.880> to
up our noses so much because you have to
up our noses so much because you have to
Chuck<00:01:35.200> out<00:01:35.399> masses<00:01:35.680> and<00:01:35.840> masses<00:01:36.159> of<00:01:36.320> it<00:01:36.600> hoping
Chuck out masses and masses of it hoping
Chuck out masses and masses of it hoping
that<00:01:37.200> your<00:01:38.159> uh<00:01:38.280> sex<00:01:38.600> cells<00:01:39.240> your<00:01:39.439> male<00:01:39.759> sex
that your uh sex cells your male sex
that your uh sex cells your male sex
cells<00:01:40.360> which<00:01:40.479> are<00:01:40.600> held<00:01:40.840> within<00:01:41.079> the<00:01:41.200> pollen
cells which are held within the pollen
cells which are held within the pollen
will<00:01:41.880> somehow<00:01:42.200> reach<00:01:42.439> another<00:01:42.720> flower<00:01:43.119> just
will somehow reach another flower just
will somehow reach another flower just
by<00:01:43.479> chance<00:01:44.079> right<00:01:44.240> so<00:01:44.520> all<00:01:44.640> the<00:01:44.840> grasses<00:01:45.640> which
by chance right so all the grasses which
by chance right so all the grasses which
means<00:01:46.079> all<00:01:46.200> the<00:01:46.280> serial<00:01:46.719> crops<00:01:47.320> and<00:01:47.479> most<00:01:47.640> of
means all the serial crops and most of
means all the serial crops and most of
the<00:01:48.040> trees<00:01:49.040> um<00:01:49.200> have<00:01:49.360> windborne<00:01:50.240> pollen<00:01:51.240> but
the trees um have windborne pollen but
the trees um have windborne pollen but
most<00:01:51.719> species<00:01:52.560> actually<00:01:52.840> use<00:01:53.399> insects<00:01:53.920> to<00:01:54.079> do
most species actually use insects to do
most species actually use insects to do
their<00:01:54.399> bidding<00:01:55.399> uh<00:01:55.520> and<00:01:55.640> that's<00:01:55.840> more
their bidding uh and that's more
their bidding uh and that's more
intelligent<00:01:56.520> in<00:01:56.640> a<00:01:56.799> way<00:01:57.200> um<00:01:57.719> because<00:01:58.439> uh<00:01:58.719> the
intelligent in a way um because uh the
intelligent in a way um because uh the
pollen<00:01:59.479> you<00:01:59.560> don't<00:01:59.680> need<00:01:59.960> so<00:02:00.159> much<00:02:00.320> of<00:02:00.479> it<00:02:00.880> the
pollen you don't need so much of it the
pollen you don't need so much of it the
uh<00:02:01.640> insects<00:02:02.240> and<00:02:02.560> and<00:02:02.880> and<00:02:03.079> other<00:02:04.039> um<00:02:04.880> species
uh insects and and and other um species
uh insects and and and other um species
can<00:02:06.159> take<00:02:06.360> the<00:02:06.520> pollen<00:02:06.920> transfer<00:02:07.360> it<00:02:07.600> directly
can take the pollen transfer it directly
can take the pollen transfer it directly
to<00:02:08.280> where<00:02:08.440> it's<00:02:09.119> required<00:02:10.119> so<00:02:10.319> we're<00:02:10.520> aware
to where it's required so we're aware
to where it's required so we're aware
obviously<00:02:11.319> of<00:02:11.480> the<00:02:11.599> relationship<00:02:12.280> between<00:02:13.280> uh
obviously of the relationship between uh
obviously of the relationship between uh
insects<00:02:14.200> and<00:02:14.680> plants<00:02:15.080> there's<00:02:15.200> a<00:02:15.360> symbiotic
insects and plants there's a symbiotic
insects and plants there's a symbiotic
relationship<00:02:16.599> there<00:02:17.120> whether<00:02:17.360> it's<00:02:17.760> flies<00:02:18.319> or
relationship there whether it's flies or
relationship there whether it's flies or
birds<00:02:19.560> or<00:02:19.760> bees<00:02:20.440> they're<00:02:20.640> getting<00:02:20.879> something
birds or bees they're getting something
birds or bees they're getting something
in<00:02:21.440> return<00:02:21.640> and<00:02:21.840> that<00:02:21.959> thing<00:02:22.120> in<00:02:22.400> return<00:02:22.599> is
in return and that thing in return is
in return and that thing in return is
generally
generally
generally
nectar<00:02:25.080> sometimes<00:02:25.440> that<00:02:25.640> symbiosis<00:02:26.280> has<00:02:26.440> led
nectar sometimes that symbiosis has led
nectar sometimes that symbiosis has led
to<00:02:26.879> wonderful<00:02:27.680> adaptations<00:02:28.680> uh<00:02:28.920> the
to wonderful adaptations uh the
to wonderful adaptations uh the
hummingbird<00:02:29.920> hwk<00:02:30.160> moth<00:02:30.840> is<00:02:31.120> beautiful<00:02:31.519> in<00:02:31.680> its
hummingbird hwk moth is beautiful in its
hummingbird hwk moth is beautiful in its
adaptation<00:02:32.720> the<00:02:32.840> plant<00:02:33.160> gets<00:02:33.400> something<00:02:34.319> uh
adaptation the plant gets something uh
adaptation the plant gets something uh
and<00:02:34.519> the<00:02:34.599> hawk<00:02:34.879> moth<00:02:35.239> spreads<00:02:35.640> the<00:02:35.760> pollen
and the hawk moth spreads the pollen
and the hawk moth spreads the pollen
somewhere
somewhere
somewhere
else<00:02:38.640> plants<00:02:39.040> have<00:02:39.840> evolved<00:02:40.440> to<00:02:40.879> create
else plants have evolved to create
else plants have evolved to create
little<00:02:41.400> Landing<00:02:41.760> strips<00:02:42.200> here<00:02:42.319> and<00:02:42.519> there<00:02:42.760> for
little Landing strips here and there for
little Landing strips here and there for
bees<00:02:43.680> that<00:02:43.800> might<00:02:43.920> have<00:02:44.080> lost<00:02:44.319> their<00:02:44.519> way
bees that might have lost their way
bees that might have lost their way
there<00:02:45.319> are<00:02:45.480> markings<00:02:45.959> on<00:02:46.120> many<00:02:46.360> plants<00:02:46.720> that
there are markings on many plants that
there are markings on many plants that
look<00:02:47.120> like<00:02:47.319> other
look like other
look like other
insects<00:02:49.640> these<00:02:49.760> are<00:02:49.920> the<00:02:50.040> anthers<00:02:50.519> of<00:02:50.640> a<00:02:50.760> lily
insects these are the anthers of a lily
insects these are the anthers of a lily
uh<00:02:51.879> cleverly<00:02:52.360> done<00:02:52.680> so<00:02:52.840> that<00:02:53.000> when<00:02:53.200> the<00:02:53.560> uh<00:02:54.400> uh
uh cleverly done so that when the uh uh
uh cleverly done so that when the uh uh
the<00:02:55.200> the<00:02:55.360> unsuspecting<00:02:56.040> insect<00:02:56.440> sort<00:02:56.560> of
the the unsuspecting insect sort of
the the unsuspecting insect sort of
lands<00:02:57.000> on<00:02:57.159> it<00:02:57.720> uh<00:02:57.840> the<00:02:57.959> anther<00:02:58.319> flips<00:02:58.640> up<00:02:58.800> and
lands on it uh the anther flips up and
lands on it uh the anther flips up and
wops<00:02:59.200> it<00:02:59.319> on<00:02:59.400> the<00:02:59.519> back<00:02:59.680> with<00:02:59.920> the<00:03:00.000> great<00:03:00.159> load
wops it on the back with the great load
wops it on the back with the great load
of<00:03:00.480> pollen<00:03:01.000> that<00:03:01.120> it<00:03:01.319> then<00:03:01.519> goes<00:03:01.680> to<00:03:01.920> another
of pollen that it then goes to another
of pollen that it then goes to another
plant<00:03:02.560> with<00:03:03.480> um<00:03:03.799> is<00:03:03.920> an<00:03:04.080> orchid<00:03:04.799> that<00:03:05.239> uh<00:03:05.560> I
plant with um is an orchid that uh I
plant with um is an orchid that uh I
mean<00:03:05.760> it<00:03:06.000> might<00:03:06.159> look<00:03:06.319> to<00:03:06.440> you<00:03:06.560> as<00:03:06.680> if<00:03:06.799> it's<00:03:07.000> got
mean it might look to you as if it's got
mean it might look to you as if it's got
jaws<00:03:07.799> and<00:03:07.920> in<00:03:08.000> a<00:03:08.120> way<00:03:08.280> it<00:03:08.400> has<00:03:08.560> it<00:03:08.720> forces<00:03:09.080> the
jaws and in a way it has it forces the
jaws and in a way it has it forces the
insect<00:03:09.599> to<00:03:10.040> crawl<00:03:10.319> out<00:03:10.560> getting<00:03:10.840> covered<00:03:11.200> in
insect to crawl out getting covered in
insect to crawl out getting covered in
in<00:03:11.840> pollen<00:03:12.159> that<00:03:12.239> it<00:03:12.400> takes<00:03:12.640> somewhere
in pollen that it takes somewhere
in pollen that it takes somewhere
else<00:03:14.799> orchids<00:03:15.799> there<00:03:15.879> are<00:03:16.000> 20,000<00:03:16.959> at<00:03:17.120> least
else orchids there are 20,000 at least
else orchids there are 20,000 at least
species<00:03:17.879> of<00:03:18.159> orchids<00:03:19.159> uh<00:03:19.319> amazingly
species of orchids uh amazingly
species of orchids uh amazingly
amazingly<00:03:20.440> diverse<00:03:20.840> and<00:03:20.959> they<00:03:21.080> get<00:03:21.200> up<00:03:21.319> to<00:03:21.480> all
amazingly diverse and they get up to all
amazingly diverse and they get up to all
sorts<00:03:21.799> of<00:03:21.959> Tricks<00:03:22.840> uh<00:03:22.920> to<00:03:23.080> try<00:03:23.280> and<00:03:23.799> attract
sorts of Tricks uh to try and attract
sorts of Tricks uh to try and attract
pollinators<00:03:25.400> to<00:03:25.560> do<00:03:25.720> their
pollinators to do their
pollinators to do their
bidding<00:03:27.799> this<00:03:27.920> Orchid<00:03:28.360> known<00:03:28.560> as<00:03:28.720> Darwin's
bidding this Orchid known as Darwin's
bidding this Orchid known as Darwin's
orchid
orchid
orchid
uh<00:03:30.680> because<00:03:30.879> it's<00:03:31.040> one<00:03:31.239> that<00:03:31.400> he<00:03:31.799> he<00:03:31.959> studied
uh because it's one that he he studied
uh because it's one that he he studied
and<00:03:32.519> made<00:03:32.680> a<00:03:32.799> wonderful<00:03:33.200> prediction<00:03:33.720> when<00:03:33.840> he
and made a wonderful prediction when he
and made a wonderful prediction when he
saw<00:03:34.200> it<00:03:35.200> uh<00:03:35.319> you<00:03:35.439> can<00:03:35.560> see<00:03:35.760> that<00:03:35.879> there's<00:03:36.040> a
saw it uh you can see that there's a
saw it uh you can see that there's a
very<00:03:36.640> long<00:03:36.840> nectar<00:03:37.319> tube<00:03:38.239> uh<00:03:38.480> that<00:03:39.080> sort<00:03:39.239> of
very long nectar tube uh that sort of
very long nectar tube uh that sort of
descends<00:03:39.920> down<00:03:40.280> from<00:03:40.640> the<00:03:40.959> uh<00:03:41.640> from<00:03:41.760> the
descends down from the uh from the
descends down from the uh from the
Orchid<00:03:42.280> and<00:03:42.439> basically<00:03:42.840> what<00:03:42.959> the<00:03:43.120> insect<00:03:43.480> has
Orchid and basically what the insect has
Orchid and basically what the insect has
to<00:03:43.799> do<00:03:44.360> in<00:03:44.439> the<00:03:44.519> middle<00:03:44.760> of<00:03:44.840> the<00:03:44.959> flower<00:03:45.599> has<00:03:45.799> to
to do in the middle of the flower has to
to do in the middle of the flower has to
stick<00:03:46.680> its<00:03:46.920> little<00:03:47.159> prosis<00:03:48.120> right<00:03:48.319> into<00:03:48.560> the
stick its little prosis right into the
stick its little prosis right into the
middle<00:03:48.920> of<00:03:49.080> that<00:03:49.239> and<00:03:49.439> all<00:03:49.599> the<00:03:49.720> way<00:03:50.000> down<00:03:50.879> that
middle of that and all the way down that
middle of that and all the way down that
nectar<00:03:51.439> tube<00:03:52.000> to<00:03:52.200> get<00:03:52.319> to<00:03:52.439> the<00:03:52.599> nectar<00:03:53.599> and
nectar tube to get to the nectar and
nectar tube to get to the nectar and
Darwin<00:03:54.519> said<00:03:54.840> looking<00:03:55.079> at<00:03:55.200> this<00:03:55.360> flower<00:03:56.360> um<00:03:56.599> I
Darwin said looking at this flower um I
Darwin said looking at this flower um I
guess<00:03:57.000> something<00:03:57.319> has<00:03:57.519> co-evolved<00:03:58.200> with<00:03:58.439> this
guess something has co-evolved with this
guess something has co-evolved with this
and<00:03:59.239> sure<00:03:59.480> enough
and sure enough
and sure enough
there's<00:04:00.959> um<00:04:01.920> there's<00:04:02.120> the<00:04:02.280> insect<00:04:02.760> and<00:04:02.959> I<00:04:03.040> mean
there's um there's the insect and I mean
there's um there's the insect and I mean
normally<00:04:03.439> it<00:04:03.560> kind<00:04:03.640> of<00:04:03.760> rolls<00:04:04.000> it<00:04:04.200> away<00:04:04.599> but<00:04:04.959> uh
normally it kind of rolls it away but uh
normally it kind of rolls it away but uh
in<00:04:05.319> its<00:04:05.640> erect<00:04:06.079> form<00:04:06.560> that's<00:04:06.720> what<00:04:06.879> it<00:04:07.400> looks
in its erect form that's what it looks
in its erect form that's what it looks
like<00:04:09.959> now<00:04:10.200> you<00:04:10.280> can<00:04:10.519> imagine<00:04:11.120> that<00:04:11.640> if<00:04:12.640> um
like now you can imagine that if um
like now you can imagine that if um
nectar<00:04:14.200> is<00:04:14.360> such<00:04:14.519> a<00:04:14.799> valuable<00:04:15.799> uh<00:04:15.959> a<00:04:16.120> valuable
nectar is such a valuable uh a valuable
nectar is such a valuable uh a valuable
thing<00:04:16.720> and<00:04:16.919> expensive<00:04:17.359> for<00:04:17.479> the<00:04:17.600> plant<00:04:17.840> to
thing and expensive for the plant to
thing and expensive for the plant to
produce<00:04:18.919> and<00:04:19.040> it<00:04:19.239> attracts<00:04:19.639> lots<00:04:19.840> of
produce and it attracts lots of
produce and it attracts lots of
pollinators<00:04:21.199> then<00:04:21.680> just<00:04:21.880> as<00:04:22.040> in<00:04:22.280> sort<00:04:22.479> of<00:04:23.000> uh
pollinators then just as in sort of uh
pollinators then just as in sort of uh
human<00:04:23.479> sex<00:04:23.960> people<00:04:24.240> might<00:04:24.479> start<00:04:24.720> to<00:04:25.240> deceive
human sex people might start to deceive
human sex people might start to deceive
they<00:04:26.240> might<00:04:26.440> say<00:04:26.759> I've<00:04:26.880> got<00:04:27.000> a<00:04:27.080> bit<00:04:27.199> of<00:04:27.320> nectar
they might say I've got a bit of nectar
they might say I've got a bit of nectar
do<00:04:27.919> you<00:04:28.000> want<00:04:28.080> to<00:04:28.240> come<00:04:28.360> and<00:04:28.560> get<00:04:28.680> it<00:04:29.280> now<00:04:29.400> this
do you want to come and get it now this
do you want to come and get it now this
is<00:04:29.800> a
is a
is a
plant<00:04:32.000> this<00:04:32.080> is<00:04:32.199> a<00:04:32.400> plant<00:04:33.160> here<00:04:34.160> um<00:04:34.800> that
plant this is a plant here um that
plant this is a plant here um that
insects<00:04:36.520> in<00:04:36.680> South<00:04:36.960> Africa<00:04:37.400> just<00:04:37.720> just<00:04:37.919> love
insects in South Africa just just love
insects in South Africa just just love
and<00:04:38.680> they've<00:04:39.240> evolved<00:04:39.639> with<00:04:39.759> a<00:04:39.880> long<00:04:40.360> prosis
and they've evolved with a long prosis
and they've evolved with a long prosis
to<00:04:41.039> get<00:04:41.160> the<00:04:41.240> nectar<00:04:41.600> at<00:04:41.680> the<00:04:41.840> bottom<00:04:42.840> and<00:04:43.120> this
to get the nectar at the bottom and this
to get the nectar at the bottom and this
is<00:04:43.680> the<00:04:43.840> mimic<00:04:44.840> so<00:04:45.039> this<00:04:45.160> is<00:04:45.280> a<00:04:45.400> plant<00:04:45.720> that<00:04:45.840> is
is the mimic so this is a plant that is
is the mimic so this is a plant that is
mimicking<00:04:46.520> the<00:04:46.680> first<00:04:47.199> plant<00:04:48.199> and<00:04:48.440> here<00:04:48.759> is
mimicking the first plant and here is
mimicking the first plant and here is
the<00:04:49.440> long<00:04:49.680> probid<00:04:50.360> fly<00:04:51.360> uh<00:04:51.639> that<00:04:51.919> has<00:04:52.280> not<00:04:52.479> got
the long probid fly uh that has not got
the long probid fly uh that has not got
any<00:04:52.919> nectar<00:04:53.280> from<00:04:53.360> the<00:04:53.479> mimic<00:04:53.840> because<00:04:54.080> the
any nectar from the mimic because the
any nectar from the mimic because the
the<00:04:54.320> mimic<00:04:54.639> doesn't<00:04:54.840> give<00:04:54.960> it<00:04:55.080> any<00:04:55.199> nectar<00:04:55.560> it
the mimic doesn't give it any nectar it
the mimic doesn't give it any nectar it
thought<00:04:55.840> it<00:04:55.960> would<00:04:56.160> get<00:04:56.280> some<00:04:56.720> so<00:04:56.919> not<00:04:57.039> only
thought it would get some so not only
thought it would get some so not only
has<00:04:57.360> the<00:04:57.479> fly<00:04:57.800> not<00:04:58.160> got<00:04:58.479> the<00:04:58.759> uh<00:04:59.000> the<00:04:59.120> nectar
has the fly not got the uh the nectar
has the fly not got the uh the nectar
for<00:04:59.720> the<00:04:59.800> mimic<00:05:00.160> plant<00:05:00.840> it's<00:05:01.000> also<00:05:01.280> if<00:05:01.360> you
for the mimic plant it's also if you
for the mimic plant it's also if you
look<00:05:01.680> very<00:05:01.880> closely<00:05:02.280> at<00:05:02.520> the<00:05:02.800> uh<00:05:03.000> just<00:05:03.120> at<00:05:03.280> the
look very closely at the uh just at the
look very closely at the uh just at the
sort<00:05:03.560> of<00:05:03.720> head<00:05:03.880> end<00:05:04.440> you<00:05:04.560> can<00:05:04.680> see<00:05:04.880> that<00:05:04.960> it's
sort of head end you can see that it's
sort of head end you can see that it's
got<00:05:05.240> a<00:05:05.320> bit<00:05:05.440> of<00:05:05.560> pollen<00:05:05.919> that<00:05:06.039> it<00:05:06.120> would<00:05:06.240> be
got a bit of pollen that it would be
got a bit of pollen that it would be
transmitting<00:05:06.880> to<00:05:07.080> another<00:05:07.360> plant<00:05:07.960> if<00:05:08.120> only
transmitting to another plant if only
transmitting to another plant if only
some<00:05:08.680> botanist<00:05:09.120> hadn't<00:05:09.360> come<00:05:09.520> along<00:05:09.759> and
some botanist hadn't come along and
some botanist hadn't come along and
stuck<00:05:10.280> it<00:05:10.400> to<00:05:10.520> a<00:05:10.639> blue<00:05:10.840> piece<00:05:11.039> of
card<00:05:16.360> now<00:05:16.960> deceit<00:05:17.520> Carries<00:05:17.800> On<00:05:18.039> Through<00:05:18.319> the
card now deceit Carries On Through the
card now deceit Carries On Through the
uh<00:05:18.720> the<00:05:18.840> plant<00:05:19.160> kingdom<00:05:19.680> this<00:05:19.840> flower<00:05:20.600> uh<00:05:20.720> with
uh the plant kingdom this flower uh with
uh the plant kingdom this flower uh with
its<00:05:21.039> black<00:05:21.319> dots<00:05:22.120> um<00:05:22.360> they<00:05:22.520> might<00:05:22.680> look<00:05:22.880> like
its black dots um they might look like
its black dots um they might look like
black<00:05:23.280> dots<00:05:23.560> to<00:05:23.759> us<00:05:24.039> but<00:05:24.199> I<00:05:24.319> tell<00:05:24.479> you<00:05:24.639> to<00:05:24.800> a<00:05:25.120> to
black dots to us but I tell you to a to
black dots to us but I tell you to a to
a<00:05:25.440> male<00:05:25.880> insect<00:05:26.240> of<00:05:26.360> the<00:05:26.479> right<00:05:26.720> species<00:05:27.360> that
a male insect of the right species that
a male insect of the right species that
looks<00:05:27.840> like<00:05:28.000> two<00:05:28.240> females<00:05:28.680> who<00:05:28.800> are<00:05:29.039> really
looks like two females who are really
looks like two females who are really
really<00:05:29.919> hot<00:05:30.120> to<00:05:30.680> trot
really hot to trot
really hot to trot
and<00:05:33.280> when<00:05:33.440> the<00:05:33.600> insect<00:05:34.039> gets<00:05:34.360> there<00:05:34.680> and<00:05:34.840> lands
and when the insect gets there and lands
and when the insect gets there and lands
on<00:05:35.280> it<00:05:35.520> dosing<00:05:35.960> itself<00:05:36.240> in<00:05:36.400> pollen<00:05:36.759> of<00:05:36.880> course
on it dosing itself in pollen of course
on it dosing itself in pollen of course
that<00:05:37.160> it's<00:05:37.280> going<00:05:37.440> to<00:05:37.520> take<00:05:37.720> to<00:05:37.880> another<00:05:38.160> plant
that it's going to take to another plant
that it's going to take to another plant
if<00:05:38.800> you<00:05:38.919> look<00:05:39.080> at<00:05:39.319> the<00:05:39.600> um<00:05:40.000> every<00:05:40.240> home<00:05:40.400> should
if you look at the um every home should
if you look at the um every home should
have<00:05:40.720> one<00:05:40.880> scanning<00:05:41.199> electron<00:05:41.600> microscope
have one scanning electron microscope
have one scanning electron microscope
picture<00:05:42.440> you<00:05:42.520> can<00:05:42.680> see<00:05:42.880> that<00:05:43.039> there<00:05:43.280> actually
picture you can see that there actually
picture you can see that there actually
uh<00:05:44.400> some<00:05:44.759> patterning<00:05:45.160> there<00:05:45.240> which<00:05:45.360> is<00:05:45.479> three
uh some patterning there which is three
uh some patterning there which is three
dimensional<00:05:46.319> so<00:05:46.759> it<00:05:46.960> probably<00:05:47.280> even<00:05:47.520> feels
dimensional so it probably even feels
dimensional so it probably even feels
good<00:05:48.080> for<00:05:48.240> the<00:05:48.440> insect<00:05:49.319> uh<00:05:49.759> as<00:05:50.000> as<00:05:50.080> well<00:05:50.240> as
good for the insect uh as as well as
good for the insect uh as as well as
looking
looking
looking
good<00:05:52.479> and<00:05:52.800> these<00:05:53.000> electron<00:05:53.400> microscope
good and these electron microscope
good and these electron microscope
pictures<00:05:54.360> here's<00:05:54.560> one<00:05:54.680> of<00:05:54.840> an<00:05:54.960> orchid
pictures here's one of an orchid
pictures here's one of an orchid
mimicking<00:05:56.199> an<00:05:56.400> insect<00:05:57.400> uh<00:05:57.479> you<00:05:57.600> can<00:05:57.800> see<00:05:58.080> that
mimicking an insect uh you can see that
mimicking an insect uh you can see that
different<00:05:58.639> parts<00:05:58.960> of<00:05:59.240> the<00:05:59.919> structure<00:06:00.440> have
different parts of the structure have
different parts of the structure have
different<00:06:01.039> colors<00:06:01.600> and<00:06:02.000> different<00:06:02.440> textures
different colors and different textures
different colors and different textures
to<00:06:03.039> our<00:06:03.319> eye<00:06:03.759> have<00:06:04.000> very<00:06:04.280> very<00:06:04.600> different
to our eye have very very different
to our eye have very very different
textures<00:06:05.840> to<00:06:06.319> what<00:06:06.479> an<00:06:06.639> insect<00:06:07.120> might
textures to what an insect might
textures to what an insect might
perceive<00:06:08.240> and<00:06:08.440> this<00:06:08.560> one<00:06:08.759> is<00:06:09.319> uh<00:06:09.479> evolved<00:06:09.919> to
perceive and this one is uh evolved to
perceive and this one is uh evolved to
mimic<00:06:10.680> a<00:06:11.400> um<00:06:12.000> a<00:06:12.080> sort<00:06:12.240> of<00:06:12.360> glossy<00:06:12.840> metallic
mimic a um a sort of glossy metallic
mimic a um a sort of glossy metallic
surface<00:06:13.720> on<00:06:13.880> that<00:06:13.960> you<00:06:14.080> see<00:06:14.240> on<00:06:14.400> some<00:06:15.000> uh
surface on that you see on some uh
surface on that you see on some uh
Beatles<00:06:16.240> and<00:06:16.759> uh<00:06:17.080> under<00:06:17.440> the<00:06:17.800> scanning
Beatles and uh under the scanning
Beatles and uh under the scanning
electron<00:06:18.560> microscope<00:06:19.120> you<00:06:19.199> can<00:06:19.599> you<00:06:19.720> can<00:06:19.880> see
electron microscope you can you can see
electron microscope you can you can see
the<00:06:20.599> uh<00:06:21.240> uh<00:06:21.400> the<00:06:21.520> surface<00:06:21.960> there<00:06:22.160> really<00:06:22.400> quite
the uh uh the surface there really quite
the uh uh the surface there really quite
different<00:06:22.919> from<00:06:23.080> the<00:06:23.199> other<00:06:23.360> surfaces<00:06:23.840> we
different from the other surfaces we
different from the other surfaces we
looked
looked
looked
at<00:06:26.000> sometimes<00:06:26.240> the<00:06:26.400> whole<00:06:26.680> plant<00:06:27.599> uh<00:06:27.840> mimics
at sometimes the whole plant uh mimics
at sometimes the whole plant uh mimics
an<00:06:28.680> insect<00:06:29.720> even<00:06:29.919> to<00:06:30.160> us<00:06:30.599> I<00:06:30.680> mean<00:06:30.840> I<00:06:30.960> think<00:06:31.120> that
an insect even to us I mean I think that
an insect even to us I mean I think that
looks<00:06:31.560> like<00:06:31.720> some<00:06:31.840> sort<00:06:32.000> of<00:06:32.080> flying<00:06:32.479> animal<00:06:32.800> or
looks like some sort of flying animal or
looks like some sort of flying animal or
beast<00:06:33.479> it's<00:06:33.639> a<00:06:33.840> it's<00:06:34.479> a<00:06:34.599> wonderful<00:06:35.080> amazing
beast it's a it's a wonderful amazing
beast it's a it's a wonderful amazing
thing<00:06:37.080> this<00:06:37.199> one's<00:06:37.800> uh<00:06:38.120> clever<00:06:38.440> it's<00:06:38.599> called
thing this one's uh clever it's called
thing this one's uh clever it's called
obsidium<00:06:39.720> Uh<00:06:40.120> I<00:06:40.199> think<00:06:40.360> of<00:06:40.479> it<00:06:40.560> as<00:06:40.720> ins<00:06:40.919> cidi
obsidium Uh I think of it as ins cidi
obsidium Uh I think of it as ins cidi
sometimes<00:06:42.120> so<00:06:42.880> the<00:06:43.000> right<00:06:43.240> species<00:06:43.599> of<00:06:43.759> bee
sometimes so the right species of bee
sometimes so the right species of bee
this<00:06:44.280> looks<00:06:44.599> like<00:06:45.000> another<00:06:45.360> very<00:06:45.680> aggressive
this looks like another very aggressive
this looks like another very aggressive
bee<00:06:46.800> and<00:06:47.000> it<00:06:47.120> goes<00:06:47.319> and<00:06:47.479> Bops<00:06:47.800> it<00:06:47.919> on<00:06:48.080> the<00:06:48.240> head
bee and it goes and Bops it on the head
bee and it goes and Bops it on the head
lots<00:06:48.880> and<00:06:49.039> lots<00:06:49.199> of<00:06:49.360> times<00:06:49.560> to<00:06:49.720> try<00:06:49.840> and<00:06:49.960> drive
lots and lots of times to try and drive
lots and lots of times to try and drive
it<00:06:50.240> away<00:06:50.400> and<00:06:50.520> of<00:06:50.599> course<00:06:50.759> covers<00:06:51.039> itself<00:06:51.280> with
it away and of course covers itself with
it away and of course covers itself with
pollen<00:06:52.160> the<00:06:52.280> other<00:06:52.440> thing<00:06:52.560> it<00:06:52.759> does<00:06:53.479> uh<00:06:53.720> is
pollen the other thing it does uh is
pollen the other thing it does uh is
that<00:06:54.000> this<00:06:54.120> plant<00:06:54.560> mimics<00:06:55.560> uh<00:06:55.759> another<00:06:56.080> Orchid
that this plant mimics uh another Orchid
that this plant mimics uh another Orchid
that<00:06:57.759> um<00:06:58.280> has<00:06:58.560> a<00:06:58.720> wonderful<00:06:59.120> story<00:06:59.759> food<00:07:00.000> for
that um has a wonderful story food for
that um has a wonderful story food for
insects<00:07:01.280> uh<00:07:01.440> only<00:07:02.039> um<00:07:02.440> this<00:07:02.560> one<00:07:02.720> doesn't<00:07:02.960> have
insects uh only um this one doesn't have
insects uh only um this one doesn't have
anything<00:07:03.440> for<00:07:03.639> them<00:07:03.919> so<00:07:04.240> it<00:07:04.520> it's<00:07:04.720> deceiving
anything for them so it it's deceiving
anything for them so it it's deceiving
on<00:07:05.360> two<00:07:05.599> levels
on two levels
on two levels
fabulous<00:07:08.680> um<00:07:09.680> here<00:07:09.800> we<00:07:09.919> see<00:07:10.440> elang<00:07:10.919> elang<00:07:11.919> uh
fabulous um here we see elang elang uh
fabulous um here we see elang elang uh
the<00:07:12.280> component<00:07:12.639> of<00:07:12.800> many<00:07:13.240> perfumes<00:07:14.000> I
the component of many perfumes I
the component of many perfumes I
actually<00:07:14.240> smell<00:07:14.560> someone<00:07:15.240> with<00:07:15.360> some<00:07:15.560> on
actually smell someone with some on
actually smell someone with some on
earlier<00:07:16.639> and<00:07:17.039> uh<00:07:17.319> the<00:07:17.400> flowers<00:07:17.759> don't<00:07:17.960> really
earlier and uh the flowers don't really
earlier and uh the flowers don't really
have<00:07:18.199> to<00:07:18.319> be<00:07:18.440> that<00:07:18.560> gy<00:07:19.000> they're<00:07:19.199> they're
have to be that gy they're they're
have to be that gy they're they're
sending<00:07:19.639> out<00:07:19.919> fantastic<00:07:20.800> array<00:07:21.120> of<00:07:21.280> scent<00:07:22.000> uh
sending out fantastic array of scent uh
sending out fantastic array of scent uh
to<00:07:22.759> any<00:07:22.960> insect<00:07:23.319> that'll<00:07:23.599> have<00:07:23.960> it<00:07:24.960> this<00:07:25.080> one
to any insect that'll have it this one
to any insect that'll have it this one
doesn't<00:07:25.479> smell<00:07:25.720> so<00:07:25.960> good<00:07:26.680> uh<00:07:26.879> this<00:07:27.000> is<00:07:27.319> a<00:07:27.919> a
doesn't smell so good uh this is a a
doesn't smell so good uh this is a a
flower<00:07:28.520> that<00:07:28.960> uh<00:07:29.199> really<00:07:29.840> really<00:07:30.000> smells
flower that uh really really smells
flower that uh really really smells
pretty<00:07:30.599> nasty<00:07:31.479> uh<00:07:31.599> and<00:07:31.720> is<00:07:32.160> designed<00:07:33.160> uh<00:07:33.520> again
pretty nasty uh and is designed uh again
pretty nasty uh and is designed uh again
evolved<00:07:35.240> to<00:07:35.759> uh<00:07:36.120> look<00:07:36.520> like<00:07:36.800> Carion<00:07:37.720> uh<00:07:37.840> so
evolved to uh look like Carion uh so
evolved to uh look like Carion uh so
flies<00:07:38.599> flies<00:07:38.919> love<00:07:39.199> this<00:07:39.440> they<00:07:39.599> they<00:07:39.680> fly<00:07:40.000> in
flies flies love this they they fly in
flies flies love this they they fly in
and<00:07:40.759> they<00:07:41.000> uh<00:07:41.160> they
and they uh they
and they uh they
pollinate<00:07:43.039> and<00:07:43.319> this<00:07:43.919> uh<00:07:44.199> which<00:07:44.400> is<00:07:44.879> uh<00:07:45.479> hod
pollinate and this uh which is uh hod
pollinate and this uh which is uh hod
disos<00:07:46.479> is<00:07:46.879> uh<00:07:47.159> is<00:07:47.319> also<00:07:47.560> known<00:07:47.800> as<00:07:48.560> dead<00:07:48.800> horse
disos is uh is also known as dead horse
disos is uh is also known as dead horse
Aram<00:07:49.960> uh<00:07:50.080> I<00:07:50.159> don't<00:07:50.319> know<00:07:50.440> what<00:07:50.560> a<00:07:50.680> dead<00:07:50.879> horse
Aram uh I don't know what a dead horse
Aram uh I don't know what a dead horse
actually<00:07:51.280> smells<00:07:51.639> like<00:07:51.840> but<00:07:51.960> this<00:07:52.080> one
actually smells like but this one
actually smells like but this one
probably<00:07:52.840> smells<00:07:53.680> pretty<00:07:53.879> much<00:07:54.080> like<00:07:54.240> it<00:07:54.400> it's
probably smells pretty much like it it's
probably smells pretty much like it it's
really<00:07:54.919> horrible<00:07:55.680> and<00:07:55.800> blowflies<00:07:56.720> just<00:07:56.919> can't
really horrible and blowflies just can't
really horrible and blowflies just can't
help<00:07:57.479> themselves<00:07:57.800> they<00:07:57.919> fly<00:07:58.159> into<00:07:58.440> this<00:07:58.639> thing
help themselves they fly into this thing
help themselves they fly into this thing
um<00:07:59.800> they<00:07:59.919> fly<00:08:00.199> all<00:08:00.319> the<00:08:00.400> way<00:08:00.599> down<00:08:00.800> it<00:08:01.440> uh<00:08:01.639> they
um they fly all the way down it uh they
um they fly all the way down it uh they
lay<00:08:02.039> their<00:08:02.199> eggs<00:08:02.440> in<00:08:02.560> it<00:08:02.800> thinking<00:08:03.120> it's<00:08:03.280> a
lay their eggs in it thinking it's a
lay their eggs in it thinking it's a
nice<00:08:03.599> bit<00:08:03.720> of<00:08:04.120> Carion<00:08:05.120> uh<00:08:05.400> and<00:08:05.759> not<00:08:05.960> realizing
nice bit of Carion uh and not realizing
nice bit of Carion uh and not realizing
there's<00:08:06.639> no<00:08:06.759> food<00:08:06.960> for<00:08:07.080> the<00:08:07.159> eggs<00:08:07.400> the<00:08:07.520> eggs
there's no food for the eggs the eggs
there's no food for the eggs the eggs
are<00:08:07.800> going<00:08:07.879> to<00:08:08.039> die<00:08:08.960> uh<00:08:09.120> but<00:08:09.240> the<00:08:09.360> plant
are going to die uh but the plant
are going to die uh but the plant
meanwhile<00:08:10.440> has<00:08:10.840> um<00:08:11.199> benefited<00:08:11.759> because<00:08:12.000> the
meanwhile has um benefited because the
meanwhile has um benefited because the
bristles<00:08:12.599> release<00:08:13.240> and<00:08:13.560> the<00:08:13.879> uh<00:08:14.599> uh<00:08:15.080> the<00:08:15.159> Flies
bristles release and the uh uh the Flies
bristles release and the uh uh the Flies
uh<00:08:16.199> disappear<00:08:16.599> off<00:08:16.720> to<00:08:16.840> pollinate<00:08:17.199> the<00:08:17.280> next
uh disappear off to pollinate the next
uh disappear off to pollinate the next
flower<00:08:18.520> fantastic<00:08:19.479> here's<00:08:19.759> arum<00:08:20.560> Aram
flower fantastic here's arum Aram
flower fantastic here's arum Aram
maculatum<00:08:21.440> Lords<00:08:21.639> and<00:08:21.759> Ladies<00:08:22.000> or<00:08:22.120> cucko<00:08:22.440> pint
maculatum Lords and Ladies or cucko pint
maculatum Lords and Ladies or cucko pint
in<00:08:22.840> this<00:08:22.960> country<00:08:23.599> I<00:08:23.720> photographed<00:08:24.280> this<00:08:24.440> last
in this country I photographed this last
in this country I photographed this last
week<00:08:24.759> and<00:08:25.000> endorse<00:08:25.440> it<00:08:26.199> this<00:08:26.360> thing<00:08:26.520> heats<00:08:26.840> up
week and endorse it this thing heats up
week and endorse it this thing heats up
by<00:08:27.280> about<00:08:27.479> 15<00:08:28.400> uh<00:08:28.560> de<00:08:29.520> of<00:08:30.120> ambient<00:08:30.479> temperature
by about 15 uh de of ambient temperature
by about 15 uh de of ambient temperature
amazing<00:08:31.919> um<00:08:32.440> and<00:08:32.599> if<00:08:32.719> you<00:08:33.120> look<00:08:33.360> down<00:08:33.599> into<00:08:33.800> it
amazing um and if you look down into it
amazing um and if you look down into it
this<00:08:34.120> is<00:08:34.279> sort<00:08:34.399> of<00:08:34.599> down<00:08:35.039> past<00:08:35.240> the<00:08:35.320> Spix<00:08:36.279> the
this is sort of down past the Spix the
this is sort of down past the Spix the
Flies<00:08:36.959> get<00:08:37.159> attracted<00:08:37.640> by<00:08:37.760> the<00:08:37.880> heat<00:08:38.120> which<00:08:38.240> is
Flies get attracted by the heat which is
Flies get attracted by the heat which is
boiling<00:08:38.680> off<00:08:38.839> volatile<00:08:39.320> chemicals<00:08:40.240> uh<00:08:40.360> little
boiling off volatile chemicals uh little
boiling off volatile chemicals uh little
midges<00:08:41.000> and<00:08:41.120> they<00:08:41.279> get<00:08:41.399> trapped<00:08:41.839> underneath
midges and they get trapped underneath
midges and they get trapped underneath
in<00:08:42.560> this<00:08:43.120> uh<00:08:43.279> container<00:08:44.240> they<00:08:44.680> drink<00:08:45.080> this
in this uh container they drink this
in this uh container they drink this
fabulous<00:08:45.839> nectar<00:08:46.760> and<00:08:46.959> then<00:08:47.320> uh<00:08:47.640> they're<00:08:47.839> all
fabulous nectar and then uh they're all
fabulous nectar and then uh they're all
bit<00:08:48.160> sticky<00:08:48.959> at<00:08:49.160> night<00:08:49.600> they<00:08:49.760> get<00:08:49.959> covered<00:08:50.240> in
bit sticky at night they get covered in
bit sticky at night they get covered in
pollen<00:08:51.120> right<00:08:51.279> which<00:08:51.440> sort<00:08:51.560> of<00:08:51.680> showers<00:08:52.160> down
pollen right which sort of showers down
pollen right which sort of showers down
over<00:08:52.600> them<00:08:53.360> uh<00:08:53.519> and<00:08:53.720> then<00:08:53.839> the<00:08:53.920> bristles<00:08:54.440> that
over them uh and then the bristles that
over them uh and then the bristles that
we<00:08:54.680> saw<00:08:54.959> above<00:08:55.640> uh<00:08:55.800> they<00:08:55.920> sort<00:08:56.080> of<00:08:56.200> Wilt<00:08:56.640> and
we saw above uh they sort of Wilt and
we saw above uh they sort of Wilt and
allow<00:08:57.080> all<00:08:57.200> these<00:08:57.360> midges<00:08:57.720> out<00:08:57.920> covered<00:08:58.200> in
allow all these midges out covered in
allow all these midges out covered in
pollen<00:08:59.560> um<00:09:00.040> fabulous<00:09:00.480> thing<00:09:00.880> now<00:09:01.040> if<00:09:01.120> you
pollen um fabulous thing now if you
pollen um fabulous thing now if you
think<00:09:01.440> that's<00:09:01.680> fabulous<00:09:02.079> this<00:09:02.160> is<00:09:02.279> one<00:09:02.360> of<00:09:02.480> my
think that's fabulous this is one of my
think that's fabulous this is one of my
great<00:09:02.880> favorites<00:09:03.880> um<00:09:04.120> this<00:09:04.240> is<00:09:04.320> the
great favorites um this is the
great favorites um this is the
filodendron<00:09:05.120> salum<00:09:06.040> okay<00:09:06.240> if<00:09:06.680> anyone<00:09:06.959> here
filodendron salum okay if anyone here
filodendron salum okay if anyone here
from<00:09:07.200> Brazil<00:09:07.680> you<00:09:07.920> you'll<00:09:08.079> know<00:09:08.279> about<00:09:08.480> this
from Brazil you you'll know about this
from Brazil you you'll know about this
plant<00:09:09.640> uh<00:09:09.800> this<00:09:09.880> is<00:09:10.040> the<00:09:10.160> most<00:09:10.440> amazing<00:09:10.880> thing
plant uh this is the most amazing thing
plant uh this is the most amazing thing
that<00:09:11.399> that<00:09:11.800> uh<00:09:11.920> sort<00:09:12.079> of<00:09:12.200> phallic<00:09:12.680> bit<00:09:13.000> there
that that uh sort of phallic bit there
that that uh sort of phallic bit there
is<00:09:13.480> is<00:09:13.680> about<00:09:14.440> a<00:09:14.560> foot<00:09:14.839> long<00:09:15.320> okay<00:09:16.200> and<00:09:16.959> it<00:09:17.160> does
is is about a foot long okay and it does
is is about a foot long okay and it does
something<00:09:17.839> that<00:09:18.000> no<00:09:18.200> other<00:09:18.440> plant<00:09:18.839> that<00:09:19.000> I
something that no other plant that I
something that no other plant that I
know<00:09:19.360> of<00:09:19.760> does<00:09:20.600> and<00:09:20.760> that<00:09:20.880> is<00:09:21.040> that<00:09:21.160> when<00:09:21.240> it
know of does and that is that when it
know of does and that is that when it
flowers<00:09:22.360> that's<00:09:22.640> the<00:09:22.800> the<00:09:22.880> Spix<00:09:23.399> in<00:09:23.480> the
flowers that's the the Spix in the
flowers that's the the Spix in the
middle<00:09:23.839> a<00:09:24.519> uh<00:09:24.600> for<00:09:24.760> a<00:09:24.920> period<00:09:25.200> of<00:09:25.399> about<00:09:26.279> uh<00:09:26.440> two
middle a uh for a period of about uh two
middle a uh for a period of about uh two
days<00:09:28.000> it<00:09:28.360> metabolizes<00:09:29.480> in<00:09:29.600> a<00:09:29.760> way<00:09:29.959> which<00:09:30.079> is
days it metabolizes in a way which is
days it metabolizes in a way which is
rather<00:09:30.519> similar<00:09:30.920> to<00:09:31.240> mammals<00:09:32.240> right<00:09:32.360> so
rather similar to mammals right so
rather similar to mammals right so
instead<00:09:32.800> of<00:09:33.000> having<00:09:33.279> starch<00:09:33.839> which<00:09:34.000> is<00:09:34.200> the
instead of having starch which is the
instead of having starch which is the
sort<00:09:34.640> of<00:09:34.720> food<00:09:34.920> of<00:09:35.079> plants<00:09:35.399> it<00:09:35.560> takes
sort of food of plants it takes
sort of food of plants it takes
something<00:09:36.320> rather<00:09:36.519> similar<00:09:36.800> to<00:09:36.959> Brown<00:09:37.360> fat
something rather similar to Brown fat
something rather similar to Brown fat
and<00:09:38.160> burns<00:09:38.480> it<00:09:38.680> at<00:09:38.839> such<00:09:38.959> a<00:09:39.160> rate<00:09:39.800> that<00:09:39.920> is
and burns it at such a rate that is
and burns it at such a rate that is
burning<00:09:40.839> fat<00:09:41.519> metabolizing<00:09:42.519> um<00:09:43.079> the<00:09:43.440> about
burning fat metabolizing um the about
burning fat metabolizing um the about
the<00:09:43.800> rate<00:09:43.959> of<00:09:44.079> a<00:09:44.200> small<00:09:44.920> cat<00:09:45.920> okay<00:09:46.240> that's<00:09:46.440> H
the rate of a small cat okay that's H
the rate of a small cat okay that's H
that's<00:09:47.120> twice<00:09:47.480> the<00:09:47.640> energy<00:09:48.000> output<00:09:48.480> weight
that's twice the energy output weight
that's twice the energy output weight
for<00:09:48.880> weight<00:09:49.160> than<00:09:49.279> a<00:09:49.839> hummingbird<00:09:50.839> uh
for weight than a hummingbird uh
for weight than a hummingbird uh
absolutely<00:09:51.519> astonishing<00:09:52.440> this<00:09:52.640> thing<00:09:53.360> does
absolutely astonishing this thing does
absolutely astonishing this thing does
something<00:09:53.760> else<00:09:53.959> which<00:09:54.079> is<00:09:54.200> unusual<00:09:54.680> not<00:09:54.800> only
something else which is unusual not only
something else which is unusual not only
will<00:09:55.160> it<00:09:55.320> raise<00:09:55.519> itself<00:09:55.800> to<00:09:56.000> 115<00:09:56.760> Fahrenheit
will it raise itself to 115 Fahrenheit
will it raise itself to 115 Fahrenheit
43<00:09:57.760> or<00:09:57.880> 44<00:09:58.320> degrees<00:09:58.680> Centigrade<00:09:59.399> for<00:09:59.560> 2<00:09:59.760> days
43 or 44 degrees Centigrade for 2 days
43 or 44 degrees Centigrade for 2 days
but<00:10:00.640> it<00:10:00.800> keeps<00:10:01.600> constant<00:10:02.519> temperature
but it keeps constant temperature
but it keeps constant temperature
there's<00:10:03.680> a<00:10:03.880> thermo<00:10:04.240> regulation<00:10:04.800> mechanism<00:10:05.320> in
there's a thermo regulation mechanism in
there's a thermo regulation mechanism in
there<00:10:05.839> that<00:10:06.000> keeps<00:10:06.240> constant<00:10:06.560> temperature
there that keeps constant temperature
there that keeps constant temperature
now<00:10:07.680> why<00:10:07.800> does<00:10:07.920> it<00:10:08.079> do<00:10:08.240> this<00:10:08.399> I<00:10:08.519> hear<00:10:08.680> you<00:10:08.880> ask
now why does it do this I hear you ask
now why does it do this I hear you ask
now<00:10:09.600> wouldn't<00:10:09.839> you<00:10:09.959> know<00:10:10.120> it<00:10:10.360> there's<00:10:10.480> are
now wouldn't you know it there's are
now wouldn't you know it there's are
some
some
some
Beatles<00:10:12.720> that<00:10:12.880> just<00:10:13.079> love<00:10:13.320> to<00:10:13.480> make<00:10:13.720> love<00:10:14.600> at
Beatles that just love to make love at
Beatles that just love to make love at
that<00:10:14.959> temperature<00:10:15.680> and<00:10:15.800> they<00:10:16.000> get<00:10:16.200> inside<00:10:16.760> and
that temperature and they get inside and
that temperature and they get inside and
they<00:10:17.160> get<00:10:17.279> it<00:10:17.440> all
they get it all
they get it all
on<00:10:19.839> and<00:10:20.800> uh<00:10:21.079> and<00:10:21.720> the<00:10:21.880> plant<00:10:22.600> showers<00:10:23.040> them
on and uh and the plant showers them
on and uh and the plant showers them
with<00:10:23.360> pollen<00:10:23.680> and<00:10:23.800> off<00:10:23.959> they<00:10:24.079> go<00:10:24.240> and
with pollen and off they go and
with pollen and off they go and
pollinate<00:10:25.560> uh<00:10:25.800> and<00:10:26.120> what<00:10:26.240> a<00:10:26.360> wonderful<00:10:26.720> thing
pollinate uh and what a wonderful thing
pollinate uh and what a wonderful thing
it
it
it
is<00:10:28.600> now
is now
is now
most<00:10:30.360> um<00:10:31.040> pollinators<00:10:32.040> uh<00:10:32.279> that<00:10:32.480> we<00:10:32.800> we<00:10:32.959> think
most um pollinators uh that we we think
most um pollinators uh that we we think
about<00:10:33.360> are<00:10:33.560> insects<00:10:34.000> but<00:10:34.200> actually<00:10:34.440> in<00:10:34.519> the
about are insects but actually in the
about are insects but actually in the
tropics<00:10:35.600> many<00:10:36.360> uh<00:10:36.480> birds<00:10:36.800> and<00:10:37.240> butterflies
tropics many uh birds and butterflies
tropics many uh birds and butterflies
pollinate<00:10:38.839> and<00:10:38.959> many<00:10:39.160> of<00:10:39.240> the<00:10:39.399> tropical
pollinate and many of the tropical
pollinate and many of the tropical
flowers<00:10:40.160> are<00:10:40.399> red<00:10:41.000> and<00:10:41.160> that's<00:10:41.440> because
flowers are red and that's because
flowers are red and that's because
butterflies<00:10:42.560> and<00:10:42.720> birds<00:10:43.000> see<00:10:43.360> similarly<00:10:43.800> to
butterflies and birds see similarly to
butterflies and birds see similarly to
us<00:10:44.240> we<00:10:44.360> think<00:10:44.959> and<00:10:45.120> can<00:10:45.399> see<00:10:46.040> the<00:10:46.160> color<00:10:46.519> red
us we think and can see the color red
us we think and can see the color red
very<00:10:47.079> well<00:10:47.720> all<00:10:47.880> right<00:10:48.519> but<00:10:48.959> if<00:10:49.079> you<00:10:49.200> look<00:10:49.360> at
very well all right but if you look at
very well all right but if you look at
the<00:10:49.680> Spectrum<00:10:50.680> um<00:10:51.480> birds<00:10:51.920> and<00:10:52.440> and<00:10:52.639> us<00:10:52.880> we<00:10:52.959> see
the Spectrum um birds and and us we see
the Spectrum um birds and and us we see
red<00:10:53.399> green<00:10:53.600> and<00:10:53.760> blue<00:10:54.000> and<00:10:54.160> see<00:10:54.399> that<00:10:54.600> Spectrum
red green and blue and see that Spectrum
red green and blue and see that Spectrum
insects<00:10:56.200> see<00:10:56.639> green<00:10:56.959> blue<00:10:57.279> and<00:10:57.440> UltraViolet
insects see green blue and UltraViolet
insects see green blue and UltraViolet
and<00:10:58.360> they<00:10:58.480> see<00:10:58.680> various<00:10:59.000> shapes<00:10:59.440> of
and they see various shapes of
and they see various shapes of
ultraviolet<00:11:00.200> so<00:11:00.320> there's<00:11:00.480> something<00:11:00.800> that
ultraviolet so there's something that
ultraviolet so there's something that
goes<00:11:01.160> on<00:11:01.480> off<00:11:01.600> the<00:11:01.720> end<00:11:02.040> there<00:11:02.480> and<00:11:02.600> wouldn't
goes on off the end there and wouldn't
goes on off the end there and wouldn't
it<00:11:02.920> be<00:11:03.120> great<00:11:03.399> if<00:11:03.519> we<00:11:03.600> could<00:11:03.760> somehow<00:11:04.120> see<00:11:04.399> what
it be great if we could somehow see what
it be great if we could somehow see what
that<00:11:04.760> is<00:11:05.279> I<00:11:05.440> hear<00:11:05.600> you<00:11:05.800> ask<00:11:06.120> well<00:11:06.320> yes<00:11:06.440> we<00:11:06.639> can
that is I hear you ask well yes we can
that is I hear you ask well yes we can
so<00:11:07.720> what<00:11:07.839> is<00:11:08.000> an<00:11:08.200> insect
so what is an insect
so what is an insect
seeing<00:11:10.600> last<00:11:10.800> week<00:11:11.000> I<00:11:11.120> took<00:11:11.320> these<00:11:11.440> pictures
seeing last week I took these pictures
seeing last week I took these pictures
of<00:11:12.079> Rockrose<00:11:12.600> helianthemum<00:11:13.399> in<00:11:13.600> in<00:11:13.880> Dorset
of Rockrose helianthemum in in Dorset
of Rockrose helianthemum in in Dorset
these<00:11:15.079> are<00:11:15.720> you<00:11:15.839> know<00:11:16.000> little<00:11:16.240> yellow<00:11:16.480> flowers
these are you know little yellow flowers
these are you know little yellow flowers
like<00:11:17.040> we<00:11:17.160> all<00:11:17.279> see<00:11:17.560> little<00:11:17.760> yellow<00:11:18.000> flowers
like we all see little yellow flowers
like we all see little yellow flowers
all<00:11:18.519> over<00:11:18.720> the<00:11:19.000> place<00:11:20.000> and<00:11:20.519> this<00:11:20.600> is<00:11:20.760> what<00:11:20.839> it
all over the place and this is what it
all over the place and this is what it
looks<00:11:21.200> like<00:11:21.360> with<00:11:21.560> visible<00:11:22.000> light<00:11:23.000> this<00:11:23.079> is
looks like with visible light this is
looks like with visible light this is
what<00:11:23.399> it<00:11:23.480> looks<00:11:23.680> like<00:11:23.800> if<00:11:23.920> you<00:11:24.040> take<00:11:24.240> out<00:11:24.480> the
what it looks like if you take out the
what it looks like if you take out the
red<00:11:25.560> most<00:11:25.920> bees<00:11:26.279> don't<00:11:26.600> perceive<00:11:27.079> red<00:11:27.720> okay
red most bees don't perceive red okay
red most bees don't perceive red okay
and<00:11:28.920> then<00:11:29.639> I<00:11:30.000> uh<00:11:30.680> put<00:11:30.880> some<00:11:31.079> ultraviolet
and then I uh put some ultraviolet
and then I uh put some ultraviolet
filters<00:11:32.000> on<00:11:32.200> my<00:11:32.440> camera<00:11:33.440> and<00:11:33.760> took<00:11:33.920> a<00:11:34.079> very
filters on my camera and took a very
filters on my camera and took a very
very<00:11:34.440> long<00:11:35.040> exposure<00:11:36.040> uh<00:11:36.240> with<00:11:36.399> a<00:11:36.600> particular
very long exposure uh with a particular
very long exposure uh with a particular
frequencies<00:11:37.720> of<00:11:37.839> ultraviolet<00:11:38.519> light<00:11:39.279> and
frequencies of ultraviolet light and
frequencies of ultraviolet light and
this<00:11:39.519> is<00:11:39.680> what<00:11:39.800> I<00:11:40.000> got<00:11:40.959> right<00:11:41.720> and<00:11:42.000> that's<00:11:42.160> a
this is what I got right and that's a
this is what I got right and that's a
real<00:11:42.560> fantastic<00:11:42.959> Bullseye<00:11:43.920> right<00:11:44.120> now<00:11:44.279> we
real fantastic Bullseye right now we
real fantastic Bullseye right now we
don't<00:11:44.680> know<00:11:45.560> exactly<00:11:46.040> what<00:11:46.200> a<00:11:46.360> bee<00:11:46.680> sees
don't know exactly what a bee sees
don't know exactly what a bee sees
because<00:11:47.760> you<00:11:47.839> know<00:11:48.040> any<00:11:48.240> more<00:11:48.440> than<00:11:48.560> you<00:11:48.720> know
because you know any more than you know
because you know any more than you know
what<00:11:49.560> I'm<00:11:49.720> seeing<00:11:50.079> when<00:11:50.240> I<00:11:50.440> call<00:11:50.720> this<00:11:51.079> red
what I'm seeing when I call this red
what I'm seeing when I call this red
right<00:11:52.200> you<00:11:52.680> you<00:11:52.760> know<00:11:52.920> we<00:11:53.040> can't<00:11:53.399> know<00:11:53.680> what's
right you you know we can't know what's
right you you know we can't know what's
going<00:11:54.079> on<00:11:54.240> in<00:11:55.040> let<00:11:55.200> alone<00:11:55.720> an<00:11:55.839> insect<00:11:56.240> another
going on in let alone an insect another
going on in let alone an insect another
human<00:11:56.720> being<00:11:57.480> mind<00:11:58.480> but<00:11:58.639> the<00:11:58.800> contrast<00:11:59.440> will
human being mind but the contrast will
human being mind but the contrast will
look<00:11:59.760> something<00:12:00.160> like<00:12:00.760> that<00:12:01.760> okay<00:12:02.600> so<00:12:02.760> you
look something like that okay so you
look something like that okay so you
know<00:12:03.040> standing<00:12:03.320> out<00:12:03.480> a<00:12:03.639> lot<00:12:03.839> from<00:12:03.959> the
know standing out a lot from the
know standing out a lot from the
background<00:12:05.440> here's<00:12:05.680> another<00:12:05.959> Little<00:12:06.360> Flower
background here's another Little Flower
background here's another Little Flower
different<00:12:07.040> range<00:12:07.320> of<00:12:07.560> ultraviolet<00:12:08.560> um<00:12:09.120> uh
different range of ultraviolet um uh
different range of ultraviolet um uh
frequencies<00:12:10.320> uh<00:12:10.600> different<00:12:11.000> different
frequencies uh different different
frequencies uh different different
filters<00:12:11.800> to<00:12:12.000> match<00:12:12.279> the<00:12:12.560> pollinators<00:12:13.560> and
filters to match the pollinators and
filters to match the pollinators and
that's<00:12:13.920> the<00:12:14.040> sort<00:12:14.199> of<00:12:14.320> thing<00:12:14.519> that<00:12:14.639> it<00:12:14.720> would
that's the sort of thing that it would
that's the sort of thing that it would
be
be
be
seeing<00:12:16.959> just<00:12:17.120> in<00:12:17.279> case<00:12:17.440> you<00:12:17.600> think<00:12:17.839> that<00:12:17.959> all
seeing just in case you think that all
seeing just in case you think that all
yellow<00:12:18.480> flowers<00:12:19.440> have<00:12:19.639> this<00:12:19.920> property<00:12:20.920> um<00:12:21.560> no
yellow flowers have this property um no
yellow flowers have this property um no
no<00:12:22.160> no<00:12:22.320> flowers<00:12:22.760> damaged<00:12:23.120> in<00:12:23.279> the<00:12:23.440> process<00:12:23.720> of
no no flowers damaged in the process of
no no flowers damaged in the process of
this<00:12:24.000> shot<00:12:24.399> it's<00:12:24.760> just<00:12:25.040> um<00:12:25.680> uh<00:12:25.880> when<00:12:26.320> you<00:12:26.399> know
this shot it's just um uh when you know
this shot it's just um uh when you know
attached<00:12:26.959> to<00:12:27.079> the<00:12:27.199> tripod<00:12:27.720> not<00:12:28.120> not<00:12:28.279> killed<00:12:29.040> um
attached to the tripod not not killed um
attached to the tripod not not killed um
then<00:12:30.480> under<00:12:30.760> ultraviolet<00:12:31.519> light<00:12:32.519> look<00:12:32.639> at
then under ultraviolet light look at
then under ultraviolet light look at
that<00:12:33.800> and<00:12:33.959> that<00:12:34.120> could<00:12:34.279> be<00:12:34.399> the<00:12:34.519> basis<00:12:34.800> of<00:12:34.920> a
that and that could be the basis of a
that and that could be the basis of a
sunscreen<00:12:35.760> because<00:12:35.920> sunscreens<00:12:36.399> work<00:12:36.639> by
sunscreen because sunscreens work by
sunscreen because sunscreens work by
absorbing<00:12:37.240> ultraviolet<00:12:37.800> light<00:12:37.959> so<00:12:38.120> maybe<00:12:38.320> the
absorbing ultraviolet light so maybe the
absorbing ultraviolet light so maybe the
chemical<00:12:38.760> in<00:12:38.880> that<00:12:39.000> would<00:12:39.120> be
chemical in that would be
chemical in that would be
useful<00:12:41.680> finally<00:12:42.120> there's<00:12:42.480> there's<00:12:42.680> one<00:12:42.839> of<00:12:43.199> uh
useful finally there's there's one of uh
useful finally there's there's one of uh
evening<00:12:43.680> primrose<00:12:44.360> that<00:12:44.680> BJ<00:12:45.000> roset<00:12:45.519> from
evening primrose that BJ roset from
evening primrose that BJ roset from
Norway<00:12:46.120> sent<00:12:46.320> me<00:12:46.600> fantastic<00:12:47.360> uh<00:12:47.680> hidden
Norway sent me fantastic uh hidden
Norway sent me fantastic uh hidden
pattern<00:12:48.399> and<00:12:48.480> I<00:12:48.600> love<00:12:48.800> the<00:12:48.920> idea<00:12:49.120> of<00:12:49.279> something
pattern and I love the idea of something
pattern and I love the idea of something
hidden<00:12:51.000> I<00:12:51.079> think<00:12:51.240> there's<00:12:51.399> something<00:12:51.560> sort<00:12:51.720> of
hidden I think there's something sort of
hidden I think there's something sort of
poetic<00:12:52.360> here<00:12:52.959> uh<00:12:53.199> that<00:12:53.720> these<00:12:53.959> pictures<00:12:54.600> taken
poetic here uh that these pictures taken
poetic here uh that these pictures taken
with<00:12:55.120> ultraviolet<00:12:55.680> filter<00:12:56.000> the<00:12:56.120> main<00:12:56.399> use<00:12:56.680> of
with ultraviolet filter the main use of
with ultraviolet filter the main use of
that<00:12:57.240> filter<00:12:57.880> is<00:12:58.040> for<00:12:58.240> astronomers<00:12:58.760> to<00:12:58.880> take
that filter is for astronomers to take
that filter is for astronomers to take
pictures<00:12:59.600> of<00:13:00.360> Venus<00:13:01.320> actually<00:13:01.720> the<00:13:01.839> clouds<00:13:02.240> of
pictures of Venus actually the clouds of
pictures of Venus actually the clouds of
Venus<00:13:03.320> right<00:13:03.720> that's<00:13:03.880> the<00:13:04.040> main<00:13:04.279> use<00:13:04.519> of<00:13:04.680> that
Venus right that's the main use of that
Venus right that's the main use of that
filter<00:13:06.160> Venus<00:13:06.480> of<00:13:06.600> course<00:13:06.760> is<00:13:06.920> the<00:13:07.000> god<00:13:07.199> of
filter Venus of course is the god of
filter Venus of course is the god of
love<00:13:07.560> and<00:13:07.959> fertility<00:13:08.959> uh<00:13:09.120> which<00:13:09.279> is<00:13:09.560> the<00:13:09.720> the
love and fertility uh which is the the
love and fertility uh which is the the
flower<00:13:10.240> story<00:13:11.000> and<00:13:11.160> just<00:13:11.279> as<00:13:11.440> flowers<00:13:12.000> spend<00:13:12.279> a
flower story and just as flowers spend a
flower story and just as flowers spend a
lot<00:13:12.560> of<00:13:12.720> effort<00:13:12.959> in<00:13:13.079> trying<00:13:13.240> to<00:13:13.360> get
lot of effort in trying to get
lot of effort in trying to get
pollinators<00:13:14.199> to<00:13:14.399> do<00:13:14.600> their<00:13:14.720> bidding<00:13:15.600> they've
pollinators to do their bidding they've
pollinators to do their bidding they've
also<00:13:16.079> somehow<00:13:16.480> managed<00:13:16.760> to<00:13:16.880> persuade<00:13:17.279> us<00:13:17.440> to
also somehow managed to persuade us to
also somehow managed to persuade us to
plant<00:13:17.920> great<00:13:18.120> Fields<00:13:18.519> full<00:13:18.680> of<00:13:18.839> them<00:13:19.320> and<00:13:19.480> give
plant great Fields full of them and give
plant great Fields full of them and give
them<00:13:19.800> to<00:13:20.040> each<00:13:20.199> other<00:13:20.920> at<00:13:21.199> times<00:13:21.800> of<00:13:22.560> uh<00:13:22.800> birth
them to each other at times of uh birth
them to each other at times of uh birth
and<00:13:23.920> death<00:13:24.680> and<00:13:24.920> particularly<00:13:25.920> at<00:13:26.120> marriage
and death and particularly at marriage
and death and particularly at marriage
which<00:13:27.000> when<00:13:27.079> you<00:13:27.240> think<00:13:27.399> of<00:13:27.560> it<00:13:28.120> is<00:13:28.760> the<00:13:28.880> moment
which when you think of it is the moment
which when you think of it is the moment
that<00:13:29.399> it<00:13:29.480> sort<00:13:29.639> of<00:13:30.000> encapsulates<00:13:31.000> the<00:13:31.279> the
that it sort of encapsulates the the
that it sort of encapsulates the the
sort<00:13:31.560> of<00:13:31.680> transfer<00:13:32.120> of<00:13:32.240> genetic<00:13:32.680> material
sort of transfer of genetic material
sort of transfer of genetic material
from<00:13:33.720> one<00:13:33.880> organism<00:13:34.760> to<00:13:35.120> another<00:13:36.120> thank<00:13:36.279> you
from one organism to another thank you
from one organism to another thank you
very
very
very
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Music]
much
Jonathan Drori, flowers, insects, TED, pollen, TED-Ed, TED, Ed, TEDEducation
