Những nguy hiểm về mặt đạo đức của vũ khí không gây chết người- Stephen Coleman

The moral dangers of non-lethal weapons - Stephen Coleman

Autoscroll:

what<00:00:15.809> I<00:00:15.840> want<00:00:16.139> to<00:00:16.200> talk<00:00:16.379> to<00:00:16.529> you<00:00:16.680> about<00:00:16.920> today what I want to talk to you about today what I want to talk to you about today is<00:00:17.760> some<00:00:18.240> of<00:00:18.330> the<00:00:18.390> problems<00:00:18.510> that<00:00:18.869> the is some of the problems that the is some of the problems that the military<00:00:20.099> of<00:00:20.340> the<00:00:20.790> Western<00:00:21.330> world<00:00:21.509> Australia military of the Western world Australia military of the Western world Australia United<00:00:23.279> States<00:00:23.490> UK<00:00:23.970> and<00:00:24.210> so<00:00:24.390> on<00:00:24.570> face<00:00:25.230> in<00:00:25.560> some United States UK and so on face in some United States UK and so on face in some of<00:00:25.919> the<00:00:26.070> deployments<00:00:26.939> that<00:00:27.000> they're<00:00:27.240> dealing of the deployments that they're dealing of the deployments that they're dealing with<00:00:27.600> in<00:00:28.560> the<00:00:28.680> modern<00:00:28.920> world<00:00:29.039> at<00:00:29.250> this<00:00:29.340> time<00:00:29.400> if with in the modern world at this time if with in the modern world at this time if you<00:00:30.359> think<00:00:30.600> about<00:00:30.779> the<00:00:30.930> sorts<00:00:31.170> of<00:00:31.230> things<00:00:31.289> that you think about the sorts of things that you think about the sorts of things that we've<00:00:31.710> said<00:00:31.890> Australian<00:00:32.489> military<00:00:32.910> personnel we've said Australian military personnel we've said Australian military personnel -<00:00:33.690> in<00:00:33.989> recent<00:00:34.440> years<00:00:34.710> we've<00:00:35.220> got<00:00:35.489> obvious - in recent years we've got obvious - in recent years we've got obvious things<00:00:36.300> like<00:00:36.390> Iraq<00:00:36.750> and<00:00:36.780> Afghanistan<00:00:37.470> but things like Iraq and Afghanistan but things like Iraq and Afghanistan but you've<00:00:37.800> also<00:00:37.949> got<00:00:38.220> things<00:00:38.400> like<00:00:38.610> East<00:00:38.850> Timor you've also got things like East Timor you've also got things like East Timor and<00:00:39.510> the<00:00:39.960> Solomon<00:00:40.379> Islands<00:00:40.710> and<00:00:40.830> so<00:00:41.100> on<00:00:41.280> and<00:00:41.489> a and the Solomon Islands and so on and a and the Solomon Islands and so on and a lot<00:00:42.239> of<00:00:42.269> these<00:00:42.510> deployments<00:00:42.930> that<00:00:43.260> were lot of these deployments that were lot of these deployments that were actually<00:00:43.860> sending<00:00:44.070> military<00:00:44.489> personnel<00:00:44.970> to actually sending military personnel to actually sending military personnel to these<00:00:45.479> days<00:00:45.750> aren't<00:00:46.519> traditional<00:00:47.519> Wars<00:00:47.989> in these days aren't traditional Wars in these days aren't traditional Wars in fact<00:00:49.290> a<00:00:49.470> lot<00:00:49.799> of<00:00:49.890> the<00:00:49.979> jobs<00:00:50.280> that<00:00:50.549> we're<00:00:51.030> asking fact a lot of the jobs that we're asking fact a lot of the jobs that we're asking the<00:00:51.479> military<00:00:51.809> personnel<00:00:52.019> to<00:00:52.320> do<00:00:52.589> in<00:00:52.890> these the military personnel to do in these the military personnel to do in these situations<00:00:53.309> are<00:00:53.820> ones<00:00:54.000> that<00:00:54.150> in<00:00:54.600> their<00:00:54.989> own situations are ones that in their own situations are ones that in their own countries<00:00:55.589> in<00:00:55.830> Australia<00:00:56.280> the<00:00:56.369> knight countries in Australia the knight countries in Australia the knight estates<00:00:56.850> and<00:00:56.970> so<00:00:57.089> on<00:00:57.180> would<00:00:57.239> actually<00:00:57.540> be<00:00:57.629> done estates and so on would actually be done estates and so on would actually be done by<00:00:57.960> police<00:00:58.379> officers<00:00:58.589> and<00:00:59.309> so<00:01:00.210> there's<00:01:00.390> a by police officers and so there's a by police officers and so there's a bunch<00:01:00.600> of<00:01:00.780> problems<00:01:01.049> that<00:01:01.350> come<00:01:01.559> up<00:01:01.589> for bunch of problems that come up for bunch of problems that come up for military<00:01:02.400> personnel<00:01:02.909> in<00:01:03.059> these<00:01:03.239> situations military personnel in these situations military personnel in these situations because<00:01:04.110> they're<00:01:04.440> doing<00:01:04.680> things<00:01:04.920> that<00:01:05.040> they because they're doing things that they because they're doing things that they haven't<00:01:05.309> really<00:01:05.610> been<00:01:05.640> trained<00:01:06.150> for<00:01:06.390> and haven't really been trained for and haven't really been trained for and they're<00:01:07.140> doing<00:01:07.320> things<00:01:07.850> that<00:01:09.530> those<00:01:10.530> who<00:01:10.770> do they're doing things that those who do they're doing things that those who do them<00:01:11.100> in<00:01:11.220> their<00:01:11.340> own<00:01:11.460> countries<00:01:11.970> are<00:01:12.240> trained them in their own countries are trained them in their own countries are trained very<00:01:12.960> differently<00:01:13.409> for<00:01:13.710> and<00:01:14.070> equipped<00:01:14.400> very very differently for and equipped very very differently for and equipped very differently<00:01:15.090> for<00:01:15.360> now<00:01:15.900> there's<00:01:16.110> a<00:01:16.140> bunch<00:01:16.350> of differently for now there's a bunch of differently for now there's a bunch of reasons<00:01:16.740> why<00:01:17.130> we<00:01:17.400> actually<00:01:17.790> do<00:01:17.970> send<00:01:18.330> military reasons why we actually do send military reasons why we actually do send military personnel<00:01:19.470> rather<00:01:19.710> than<00:01:19.980> police<00:01:20.310> to<00:01:20.490> do<00:01:20.640> these personnel rather than police to do these personnel rather than police to do these jobs<00:01:21.090> if<00:01:21.510> Australia<00:01:22.440> had<00:01:22.590> to<00:01:22.740> send<00:01:22.980> a<00:01:23.100> thousand jobs if Australia had to send a thousand jobs if Australia had to send a thousand people<00:01:23.730> tomorrow<00:01:24.060> to<00:01:24.420> West<00:01:25.260> Papua<00:01:25.590> for people tomorrow to West Papua for people tomorrow to West Papua for example<00:01:26.490> we<00:01:27.210> don't<00:01:27.450> have<00:01:27.630> a<00:01:27.660> thousand<00:01:28.140> police example we don't have a thousand police example we don't have a thousand police officers<00:01:28.530> hanging<00:01:29.160> around<00:01:29.340> that<00:01:29.490> could<00:01:29.610> just officers hanging around that could just officers hanging around that could just go<00:01:30.000> tomorrow<00:01:30.510> and<00:01:30.870> we<00:01:30.990> do<00:01:31.110> have<00:01:31.380> a<00:01:31.410> thousand go tomorrow and we do have a thousand go tomorrow and we do have a thousand soldiers<00:01:32.100> that<00:01:32.490> could<00:01:32.640> go<00:01:32.790> so<00:01:33.690> when<00:01:33.870> we<00:01:33.960> have soldiers that could go so when we have soldiers that could go so when we have to<00:01:34.350> send<00:01:34.560> someone<00:01:34.830> we<00:01:35.310> send<00:01:35.580> the<00:01:35.640> military to send someone we send the military to send someone we send the military because<00:01:36.270> they're<00:01:36.420> there<00:01:36.600> they're<00:01:36.810> available because they're there they're available because they're there they're available and<00:01:37.350> heck<00:01:37.680> they're<00:01:37.890> used<00:01:38.070> to<00:01:38.130> going<00:01:38.280> off<00:01:38.550> and and heck they're used to going off and and heck they're used to going off and doing<00:01:38.850> these<00:01:39.090> things<00:01:39.150> and<00:01:39.780> living<00:01:40.620> by doing these things and living by doing these things and living by themselves<00:01:41.370> and<00:01:41.550> not<00:01:41.640> having<00:01:41.850> all<00:01:42.060> this<00:01:42.150> extra themselves and not having all this extra themselves and not having all this extra support<00:01:42.710> so<00:01:43.710> they<00:01:43.890> are<00:01:44.040> able<00:01:44.520> to<00:01:44.670> do<00:01:44.820> it<00:01:44.970> in support so they are able to do it in support so they are able to do it in that<00:01:45.450> sense<00:01:45.780> but<00:01:46.530> they<00:01:46.710> aren't<00:01:46.920> trained<00:01:47.400> in that sense but they aren't trained in that sense but they aren't trained in the<00:01:47.640> same<00:01:47.820> way<00:01:47.970> that<00:01:48.120> police<00:01:48.420> officers<00:01:48.930> are the same way that police officers are the same way that police officers are and<00:01:49.350> they're<00:01:49.470> certainly<00:01:49.860> not<00:01:49.920> equipped<00:01:50.340> in and they're certainly not equipped in and they're certainly not equipped in the<00:01:50.580> same<00:01:50.760> way<00:01:50.880> police<00:01:51.180> officers<00:01:51.659> are<00:01:51.810> and<00:01:51.960> so the same way police officers are and so the same way police officers are and so this<00:01:52.230> has<00:01:52.350> raised<00:01:52.590> a<00:01:52.770> bunch<00:01:52.890> of<00:01:53.040> problems<00:01:53.460> for this has raised a bunch of problems for this has raised a bunch of problems for them<00:01:53.820> when<00:01:53.970> dealing<00:01:54.150> with<00:01:54.330> these<00:01:54.540> sorts<00:01:54.810> of them when dealing with these sorts of them when dealing with these sorts of issues<00:01:55.130> one<00:01:56.130> particular<00:01:56.580> thing<00:01:56.970> that's<00:01:57.180> come issues one particular thing that's come issues one particular thing that's come up<00:01:57.420> that<00:01:57.960> I<00:01:57.990> am<00:01:58.350> especially<00:01:58.620> interested<00:01:59.340> in<00:01:59.460> is up that I am especially interested in is up that I am especially interested in is the<00:01:59.850> question<00:02:00.210> of<00:02:00.300> whether<00:02:00.510> when<00:02:01.229> we're the question of whether when we're the question of whether when we're sending<00:02:01.890> military<00:02:02.159> personnel<00:02:02.729> to<00:02:02.760> do<00:02:03.000> these sending military personnel to do these sending military personnel to do these sorts<00:02:03.600> of<00:02:03.659> jobs<00:02:03.930> we<00:02:04.200> ought<00:02:04.380> to<00:02:04.409> be<00:02:04.530> equipping sorts of jobs we ought to be equipping sorts of jobs we ought to be equipping them<00:02:05.070> differently<00:02:05.460> and<00:02:05.729> in<00:02:05.820> particular them differently and in particular them differently and in particular whether<00:02:06.450> we<00:02:06.630> ought<00:02:06.780> to<00:02:06.810> be<00:02:06.960> giving<00:02:07.200> them whether we ought to be giving them whether we ought to be giving them access<00:02:07.500> to<00:02:07.710> some<00:02:08.069> of<00:02:08.190> the<00:02:08.280> sorts<00:02:08.580> of access to some of the sorts of access to some of the sorts of non-lethal<00:02:09.060> weapons<00:02:09.629> that<00:02:10.140> police<00:02:10.500> have non-lethal weapons that police have non-lethal weapons that police have since<00:02:11.580> they're<00:02:11.849> doing<00:02:12.090> some<00:02:12.299> of<00:02:12.330> these<00:02:12.510> same since they're doing some of these same since they're doing some of these same jobs<00:02:13.049> maybe<00:02:13.319> they<00:02:13.530> should<00:02:13.739> have<00:02:13.920> some<00:02:14.129> of jobs maybe they should have some of jobs maybe they should have some of those<00:02:14.340> things<00:02:14.610> and<00:02:14.940> of<00:02:15.360> course<00:02:15.540> there's<00:02:15.750> a those things and of course there's a those things and of course there's a range<00:02:16.049> of<00:02:16.260> places<00:02:16.680> where<00:02:16.830> you'd<00:02:16.980> think<00:02:17.129> these range of places where you'd think these range of places where you'd think these things<00:02:17.610> would<00:02:17.760> be<00:02:17.849> really<00:02:18.090> useful<00:02:18.120> so<00:02:18.870> for things would be really useful so for things would be really useful so for example<00:02:19.500> when<00:02:19.650> you've<00:02:19.770> got<00:02:19.950> military example when you've got military example when you've got military checkpoints<00:02:21.360> if<00:02:22.020> people<00:02:22.440> are<00:02:22.530> approaching checkpoints if people are approaching checkpoints if people are approaching these<00:02:23.100> checkpoints<00:02:23.790> and<00:02:24.000> the these checkpoints and the these checkpoints and the military<00:02:24.780> personnel<00:02:24.930> they<00:02:25.319> are<00:02:25.380> unsure military personnel they are unsure military personnel they are unsure whether<00:02:25.920> this<00:02:26.160> person's<00:02:26.550> hostile<00:02:27.000> or<00:02:27.150> not<00:02:27.270> so whether this person's hostile or not so whether this person's hostile or not so this<00:02:28.020> person<00:02:28.260> approaching<00:02:28.950> here<00:02:29.280> and<00:02:29.489> they this person approaching here and they this person approaching here and they say<00:02:29.849> well<00:02:30.000> is<00:02:30.120> this<00:02:30.300> a<00:02:30.330> suicide<00:02:30.630> bomber<00:02:31.110> or<00:02:31.290> not say well is this a suicide bomber or not say well is this a suicide bomber or not have<00:02:31.560> they<00:02:31.650> got<00:02:31.800> something<00:02:32.130> hidden<00:02:32.280> under have they got something hidden under have they got something hidden under their<00:02:32.700> clothing<00:02:32.970> what's<00:02:33.270> going<00:02:33.480> to<00:02:33.510> happen their clothing what's going to happen their clothing what's going to happen they<00:02:34.319> don't<00:02:34.530> know<00:02:34.770> whether<00:02:35.099> this<00:02:35.250> person's they don't know whether this person's they don't know whether this person's hostile<00:02:36.030> or<00:02:36.239> not<00:02:36.420> if<00:02:36.630> this<00:02:37.050> person<00:02:37.410> doesn't hostile or not if this person doesn't hostile or not if this person doesn't follow<00:02:37.830> directions<00:02:38.190> then<00:02:38.520> they<00:02:38.640> may<00:02:38.819> end<00:02:39.000> up follow directions then they may end up follow directions then they may end up shooting<00:02:39.750> them<00:02:39.900> and<00:02:40.080> then<00:02:40.709> find<00:02:40.980> out shooting them and then find out shooting them and then find out afterwards<00:02:41.610> either<00:02:42.300> guess<00:02:42.750> we<00:02:42.959> shot<00:02:43.140> the afterwards either guess we shot the afterwards either guess we shot the right<00:02:43.410> person<00:02:43.770> or<00:02:43.860> no<00:02:44.280> this<00:02:44.550> was<00:02:44.730> just<00:02:44.760> an right person or no this was just an right person or no this was just an innocent<00:02:45.209> person<00:02:45.690> who<00:02:45.780> didn't<00:02:46.020> understand innocent person who didn't understand innocent person who didn't understand what<00:02:46.560> was<00:02:46.680> going<00:02:46.920> on<00:02:47.069> so<00:02:48.000> if<00:02:48.180> they<00:02:48.330> had what was going on so if they had what was going on so if they had normally<00:02:48.959> four<00:02:49.170> weapons<00:02:49.290> then<00:02:49.680> they<00:02:49.830> would normally four weapons then they would normally four weapons then they would say<00:02:50.130> well<00:02:50.160> we<00:02:50.580> can<00:02:50.760> use<00:02:50.910> them<00:02:51.060> in<00:02:51.180> that<00:02:51.239> sort<00:02:51.450> of say well we can use them in that sort of say well we can use them in that sort of situation<00:02:51.660> if<00:02:52.170> we<00:02:52.200> shoot<00:02:52.590> someone<00:02:52.920> who<00:02:53.190> wasn't situation if we shoot someone who wasn't situation if we shoot someone who wasn't hostile hostile hostile at<00:02:54.510> least<00:02:54.780> we<00:02:54.930> haven't<00:02:55.080> killed<00:02:55.410> them<00:02:55.620> another at least we haven't killed them another at least we haven't killed them another situation<00:02:56.880> this<00:02:57.420> photo<00:02:57.930> is<00:02:58.050> actually<00:02:58.170> from situation this photo is actually from situation this photo is actually from one<00:02:58.590> of<00:02:58.680> the<00:02:58.739> missions<00:02:59.040> in<00:02:59.310> the<00:02:59.550> Balkans<00:02:59.970> in one of the missions in the Balkans in one of the missions in the Balkans in the<00:03:00.390> late<00:03:00.540> 1990s<00:03:01.640> situations<00:03:02.640> a<00:03:02.700> little<00:03:02.910> bit the late 1990s situations a little bit the late 1990s situations a little bit different<00:03:03.330> where<00:03:03.450> perhaps<00:03:03.750> they<00:03:03.959> know different where perhaps they know different where perhaps they know someone<00:03:04.709> is<00:03:04.950> hostile<00:03:05.400> where<00:03:05.850> they've<00:03:05.970> got someone is hostile where they've got someone is hostile where they've got someone<00:03:06.390> shooting<00:03:06.900> at<00:03:07.019> them<00:03:07.200> or<00:03:07.319> doing someone shooting at them or doing someone shooting at them or doing something<00:03:07.830> else<00:03:08.069> that's<00:03:08.610> clearly<00:03:09.030> hostile something else that's clearly hostile something else that's clearly hostile throwing<00:03:09.989> rocks<00:03:10.260> whatever<00:03:10.530> but<00:03:11.370> if<00:03:11.489> they throwing rocks whatever but if they throwing rocks whatever but if they respond<00:03:12.090> there's<00:03:12.269> a<00:03:12.360> range<00:03:12.540> of<00:03:12.660> other<00:03:12.810> people respond there's a range of other people respond there's a range of other people around<00:03:13.380> who<00:03:13.709> are<00:03:13.739> innocent<00:03:14.489> people<00:03:14.760> who<00:03:14.880> might around who are innocent people who might around who are innocent people who might also<00:03:15.209> get<00:03:15.569> hurt<00:03:15.840> you<00:03:16.650> know<00:03:16.680> the<00:03:16.890> collateral also get hurt you know the collateral also get hurt you know the collateral damage<00:03:17.670> that<00:03:17.700> the<00:03:17.970> military<00:03:18.360> often<00:03:18.810> doesn't damage that the military often doesn't damage that the military often doesn't want<00:03:19.380> to<00:03:19.470> talk<00:03:19.650> about<00:03:19.760> so<00:03:20.760> again<00:03:21.030> they<00:03:21.180> would want to talk about so again they would want to talk about so again they would say<00:03:21.450> well<00:03:21.600> hey<00:03:21.780> if<00:03:21.900> we<00:03:22.019> have<00:03:22.170> access<00:03:22.470> to say well hey if we have access to say well hey if we have access to non-lethal<00:03:23.010> weapons<00:03:23.430> if<00:03:23.519> we've<00:03:23.670> got<00:03:23.819> someone non-lethal weapons if we've got someone non-lethal weapons if we've got someone we<00:03:24.180> know<00:03:24.330> is<00:03:24.360> hostile<00:03:24.840> we<00:03:25.049> can<00:03:25.170> do<00:03:25.319> something we know is hostile we can do something we know is hostile we can do something to<00:03:25.830> deal<00:03:26.010> with<00:03:26.160> them<00:03:26.340> and<00:03:26.549> know<00:03:26.790> that<00:03:27.030> if<00:03:27.120> we to deal with them and know that if we to deal with them and know that if we hit<00:03:27.420> anyone<00:03:27.900> else<00:03:28.110> around<00:03:28.380> the<00:03:28.560> place<00:03:28.739> at hit anyone else around the place at hit anyone else around the place at least<00:03:29.040> again<00:03:29.579> we're<00:03:29.760> not<00:03:29.790> going<00:03:30.090> to<00:03:30.150> kill<00:03:30.329> them least again we're not going to kill them least again we're not going to kill them another<00:03:31.680> suggestion<00:03:32.160> has<00:03:32.430> been<00:03:32.609> since<00:03:32.880> we're another suggestion has been since we're another suggestion has been since we're putting<00:03:33.269> so<00:03:33.540> many<00:03:33.660> robots<00:03:34.170> in<00:03:34.350> the<00:03:34.440> field<00:03:34.680> we putting so many robots in the field we putting so many robots in the field we can<00:03:35.100> see<00:03:35.310> the<00:03:35.459> time<00:03:35.640> coming<00:03:36.090> where<00:03:36.329> they're can see the time coming where they're can see the time coming where they're actually<00:03:36.570> going<00:03:36.959> to<00:03:37.049> be<00:03:37.109> sending<00:03:37.380> robots<00:03:37.650> out actually going to be sending robots out actually going to be sending robots out in<00:03:38.400> the<00:03:38.489> field<00:03:38.730> that<00:03:39.209> are<00:03:39.359> autonomous<00:03:39.660> they're in the field that are autonomous they're in the field that are autonomous they're going<00:03:40.320> to<00:03:40.380> make<00:03:40.500> their<00:03:40.680> own<00:03:40.709> decisions<00:03:41.250> about going to make their own decisions about going to make their own decisions about who<00:03:41.730> to<00:03:41.880> shoot<00:03:42.060> and<00:03:42.269> who<00:03:42.329> not<00:03:42.510> to<00:03:42.570> shoot who to shoot and who not to shoot who to shoot and who not to shoot without<00:03:43.470> human-in-the-loop<00:03:44.130> and<00:03:44.940> so<00:03:45.630> the without human-in-the-loop and so the without human-in-the-loop and so the suggestion<00:03:46.079> is<00:03:46.290> well<00:03:46.410> hey<00:03:46.560> if<00:03:46.650> we're<00:03:46.799> going<00:03:46.950> to suggestion is well hey if we're going to suggestion is well hey if we're going to send<00:03:47.280> robots<00:03:47.640> out<00:03:47.760> and<00:03:47.910> allow<00:03:48.090> them<00:03:48.269> to<00:03:48.299> do send robots out and allow them to do send robots out and allow them to do this<00:03:48.660> maybe<00:03:49.140> it<00:03:49.320> would<00:03:49.440> be<00:03:49.470> a<00:03:49.590> good<00:03:49.769> idea<00:03:49.920> again this maybe it would be a good idea again this maybe it would be a good idea again with<00:03:50.489> these<00:03:50.700> things<00:03:50.970> if<00:03:51.660> they<00:03:52.410> were<00:03:52.470> armed with these things if they were armed with these things if they were armed with<00:03:53.100> non-lethal<00:03:53.489> weapons<00:03:53.940> so<00:03:54.269> that<00:03:54.299> if<00:03:54.570> the with non-lethal weapons so that if the with non-lethal weapons so that if the robot<00:03:54.989> makes<00:03:55.200> a<00:03:55.440> bad<00:03:55.650> decision<00:03:55.950> and<00:03:56.190> shoots robot makes a bad decision and shoots robot makes a bad decision and shoots the<00:03:56.549> wrong<00:03:56.730> person<00:03:57.090> again<00:03:57.359> they<00:03:57.720> haven't the wrong person again they haven't the wrong person again they haven't actually<00:03:58.200> killed<00:03:58.709> them<00:03:59.000> now<00:04:00.000> there's<00:04:00.299> a<00:04:00.359> whole actually killed them now there's a whole actually killed them now there's a whole range<00:04:00.810> of<00:04:00.959> different<00:04:01.019> sorts<00:04:01.620> of<00:04:01.709> non-lethal range of different sorts of non-lethal range of different sorts of non-lethal weapons<00:04:02.519> some<00:04:02.730> of<00:04:02.820> which<00:04:02.940> are<00:04:03.090> obviously weapons some of which are obviously weapons some of which are obviously available<00:04:03.989> now<00:04:04.380> some<00:04:04.920> of<00:04:05.010> which<00:04:05.160> they're available now some of which they're available now some of which they're developing<00:04:06.060> so<00:04:06.510> you've<00:04:06.660> got<00:04:06.810> traditional developing so you've got traditional developing so you've got traditional things<00:04:07.500> like<00:04:07.620> pepper<00:04:07.950> spray<00:04:08.040> OC<00:04:08.790> spray<00:04:09.120> up<00:04:09.660> the things like pepper spray OC spray up the things like pepper spray OC spray up the top<00:04:10.109> there<00:04:10.380> or<00:04:10.530> tasers<00:04:11.160> over<00:04:11.430> here<00:04:11.640> the<00:04:12.180> one<00:04:12.329> on top there or tasers over here the one on top there or tasers over here the one on the<00:04:12.540> top<00:04:12.720> right<00:04:12.959> here<00:04:13.170> is<00:04:13.290> actually<00:04:13.440> a the top right here is actually a the top right here is actually a dazzling<00:04:14.730> laser<00:04:14.970> intended<00:04:15.840> to<00:04:16.079> just<00:04:16.320> blind dazzling laser intended to just blind dazzling laser intended to just blind the<00:04:16.919> person<00:04:17.280> momentarily<00:04:17.760> and<00:04:18.209> disorient the person momentarily and disorient the person momentarily and disorient them<00:04:19.079> you've<00:04:19.620> got<00:04:19.829> non-lethal<00:04:20.459> shotgun them you've got non-lethal shotgun them you've got non-lethal shotgun rounds<00:04:21.510> that<00:04:21.750> contain<00:04:22.139> rubber<00:04:22.710> pellets rounds that contain rubber pellets rounds that contain rubber pellets instead<00:04:23.400> of<00:04:23.550> the<00:04:23.639> traditional<00:04:24.060> metal<00:04:24.210> ones instead of the traditional metal ones instead of the traditional metal ones and<00:04:24.720> this<00:04:25.289> one<00:04:25.470> in<00:04:25.620> the<00:04:25.650> middle<00:04:25.919> here<00:04:26.190> the and this one in the middle here the and this one in the middle here the large<00:04:26.820> truck<00:04:27.240> is<00:04:27.479> actually<00:04:28.289> called<00:04:28.590> the large truck is actually called the large truck is actually called the Active<00:04:29.039> Denial<00:04:29.160> system<00:04:29.490> something<00:04:30.120> the<00:04:30.360> US Active Denial system something the US Active Denial system something the US military<00:04:31.080> is<00:04:31.169> working<00:04:31.320> on<00:04:31.650> at<00:04:31.770> the<00:04:31.860> moment military is working on at the moment military is working on at the moment it's<00:04:32.700> essentially<00:04:33.360> a<00:04:33.539> big<00:04:33.900> microwave it's essentially a big microwave it's essentially a big microwave transmitter<00:04:35.330> it's<00:04:36.330> sort<00:04:36.720> of<00:04:36.750> your<00:04:36.900> classic transmitter it's sort of your classic transmitter it's sort of your classic idea<00:04:37.470> of<00:04:37.740> a<00:04:37.800> heat idea of a heat idea of a heat it<00:04:39.389> goes<00:04:39.629> out<00:04:39.929> to<00:04:40.259> a<00:04:40.679> really<00:04:41.159> long<00:04:41.489> distance it goes out to a really long distance it goes out to a really long distance compared<00:04:42.389> to<00:04:42.479> any<00:04:42.629> of<00:04:42.779> these<00:04:42.929> other<00:04:43.169> sorts<00:04:43.499> of compared to any of these other sorts of compared to any of these other sorts of things<00:04:43.799> and<00:04:43.979> anybody<00:04:44.189> who<00:04:44.579> is<00:04:44.609> hit<00:04:45.479> with<00:04:45.659> this things and anybody who is hit with this things and anybody who is hit with this feels<00:04:46.319> this<00:04:46.619> sudden<00:04:47.279> burst<00:04:47.309> of<00:04:47.729> heat<00:04:47.939> and<00:04:48.119> just feels this sudden burst of heat and just feels this sudden burst of heat and just wants<00:04:48.629> to<00:04:48.689> get<00:04:48.869> out<00:04:48.929> of<00:04:49.109> the<00:04:49.169> way<00:04:49.319> it<00:04:50.249> is<00:04:50.309> a<00:04:50.459> lot wants to get out of the way it is a lot wants to get out of the way it is a lot more<00:04:50.909> sophisticated<00:04:51.089> than<00:04:51.749> a<00:04:51.809> microwave<00:04:52.109> oven more sophisticated than a microwave oven more sophisticated than a microwave oven but<00:04:52.679> it<00:04:52.739> basically<00:04:53.189> is<00:04:53.609> boiling<00:04:54.119> the<00:04:54.629> water but it basically is boiling the water but it basically is boiling the water molecules<00:04:55.529> in<00:04:55.709> the<00:04:55.769> very<00:04:55.949> surface<00:04:56.159> level<00:04:56.309> of molecules in the very surface level of molecules in the very surface level of your<00:04:56.729> skin<00:04:57.029> so<00:04:57.599> you<00:04:57.689> feel<00:04:58.109> this<00:04:58.349> massive<00:04:58.829> heat your skin so you feel this massive heat your skin so you feel this massive heat and<00:04:59.279> you<00:04:59.339> go<00:04:59.459> I<00:04:59.669> want<00:04:59.849> to<00:04:59.939> get<00:05:00.029> out<00:05:00.179> of<00:05:00.299> the<00:05:00.359> way and you go I want to get out of the way and you go I want to get out of the way and<00:05:00.779> then<00:05:01.319> they're<00:05:02.009> thinking<00:05:02.399> well<00:05:02.519> this<00:05:02.639> will and then they're thinking well this will and then they're thinking well this will be<00:05:02.909> really<00:05:03.179> useful<00:05:03.209> in<00:05:03.689> places<00:05:04.079> like<00:05:04.259> where<00:05:04.439> we be really useful in places like where we be really useful in places like where we need<00:05:04.679> to<00:05:04.799> clear<00:05:05.009> a<00:05:05.039> crowd<00:05:05.369> out<00:05:05.609> of<00:05:05.639> a need to clear a crowd out of a need to clear a crowd out of a particular<00:05:06.269> area<00:05:06.719> if<00:05:06.809> the<00:05:06.929> crowd<00:05:07.169> is<00:05:07.349> being particular area if the crowd is being particular area if the crowd is being hostile<00:05:07.979> if<00:05:08.189> we<00:05:08.309> need<00:05:08.459> to<00:05:08.549> keep<00:05:08.729> people<00:05:09.029> away hostile if we need to keep people away hostile if we need to keep people away from<00:05:09.569> a<00:05:09.659> particular<00:05:09.929> place<00:05:10.379> where<00:05:10.409> we<00:05:10.709> can<00:05:10.829> do from a particular place where we can do from a particular place where we can do that<00:05:11.069> with<00:05:11.249> these<00:05:11.369> sorts<00:05:11.699> of<00:05:11.759> things<00:05:12.799> so that with these sorts of things so that with these sorts of things so obviously<00:05:14.279> there's<00:05:14.549> a<00:05:14.610> whole<00:05:14.729> range<00:05:14.999> of obviously there's a whole range of obviously there's a whole range of different<00:05:15.239> sorts<00:05:15.809> of<00:05:15.899> non-lethal<00:05:16.259> weapons<00:05:16.439> we different sorts of non-lethal weapons we different sorts of non-lethal weapons we could<00:05:16.979> give<00:05:17.189> military<00:05:17.669> personnel<00:05:18.179> and could give military personnel and could give military personnel and there's<00:05:19.019> a<00:05:19.110> whole<00:05:19.229> range<00:05:19.469> of<00:05:19.589> situations there's a whole range of situations there's a whole range of situations where<00:05:20.189> they're<00:05:20.309> looking<00:05:20.399> at<00:05:20.669> them<00:05:20.789> and<00:05:20.879> saying where they're looking at them and saying where they're looking at them and saying hey<00:05:21.269> these<00:05:21.539> things<00:05:21.809> would<00:05:21.929> be<00:05:22.049> really<00:05:22.319> useful hey these things would be really useful hey these things would be really useful but<00:05:23.939> as<00:05:24.569> I<00:05:24.719> said<00:05:25.019> the<00:05:25.949> military<00:05:26.399> and<00:05:26.669> the but as I said the military and the but as I said the military and the police<00:05:27.239> are<00:05:27.599> very<00:05:27.929> different<00:05:28.999> yes<00:05:29.999> you<00:05:30.209> don't police are very different yes you don't police are very different yes you don't have<00:05:30.509> to<00:05:30.629> look<00:05:30.719> very<00:05:30.779> hard<00:05:31.139> at<00:05:31.259> this<00:05:31.379> to have to look very hard at this to have to look very hard at this to recognize<00:05:32.039> the<00:05:32.219> fact<00:05:32.369> that<00:05:32.489> they<00:05:32.639> might<00:05:32.879> be recognize the fact that they might be recognize the fact that they might be very<00:05:33.239> different<00:05:33.589> in<00:05:34.589> particular<00:05:35.039> the very different in particular the very different in particular the attitude<00:05:36.539> to<00:05:36.689> the<00:05:36.809> use<00:05:36.929> of<00:05:37.109> force<00:05:37.289> and<00:05:37.439> the<00:05:37.589> way attitude to the use of force and the way attitude to the use of force and the way they're<00:05:37.949> trained<00:05:38.279> to<00:05:38.609> use<00:05:38.639> force<00:05:39.179> is they're trained to use force is they're trained to use force is especially<00:05:40.409> different<00:05:41.360> the<00:05:42.360> police especially different the police especially different the police and<00:05:43.139> as<00:05:43.589> I<00:05:43.860> knowing<00:05:44.759> because<00:05:45.149> I've<00:05:45.329> actually and as I knowing because I've actually and as I knowing because I've actually helped<00:05:45.989> to<00:05:46.199> train<00:05:46.439> police<00:05:46.739> police<00:05:47.099> in helped to train police police in helped to train police police in particularly<00:05:48.149> in<00:05:48.329> western<00:05:48.689> jurisdictions<00:05:49.199> at particularly in western jurisdictions at particularly in western jurisdictions at least<00:05:49.559> are<00:05:49.769> trained<00:05:50.219> to<00:05:51.059> de-escalate<00:05:51.689> force least are trained to de-escalate force least are trained to de-escalate force to<00:05:53.669> try<00:05:53.939> and<00:05:54.119> avoid<00:05:54.179> using<00:05:54.809> force<00:05:55.079> wherever to try and avoid using force wherever to try and avoid using force wherever possible<00:05:55.619> and<00:05:56.159> to<00:05:56.909> use<00:05:57.089> lethal<00:05:57.419> force<00:05:57.929> only<00:05:58.619> as possible and to use lethal force only as possible and to use lethal force only as an<00:05:59.279> absolute<00:05:59.669> last<00:05:59.879> resort<00:06:01.219> military an absolute last resort military an absolute last resort military personnel<00:06:02.699> are<00:06:02.909> being<00:06:02.999> trained<00:06:03.479> for<00:06:03.569> war<00:06:04.039> so personnel are being trained for war so personnel are being trained for war so they're<00:06:05.249> trained<00:06:05.610> that<00:06:05.969> as<00:06:06.149> soon<00:06:06.360> as<00:06:06.479> things they're trained that as soon as things they're trained that as soon as things go<00:06:06.929> bad<00:06:07.229> their<00:06:08.129> first<00:06:08.429> response<00:06:08.969> is<00:06:09.269> lethal go bad their first response is lethal go bad their first response is lethal force<00:06:10.819> the<00:06:11.819> moment<00:06:12.089> the<00:06:12.479> fecal<00:06:12.839> matter<00:06:12.869> hits force the moment the fecal matter hits force the moment the fecal matter hits the<00:06:13.529> rotating<00:06:14.009> turbine<00:06:14.899> you<00:06:15.899> can<00:06:16.139> start the rotating turbine you can start the rotating turbine you can start shooting<00:06:16.739> at<00:06:17.069> people shooting at people shooting at people so<00:06:19.229> their<00:06:20.129> attitudes<00:06:20.819> to<00:06:21.149> the<00:06:21.269> use<00:06:21.449> of<00:06:21.659> lethal so their attitudes to the use of lethal so their attitudes to the use of lethal force<00:06:22.349> are<00:06:22.739> very<00:06:22.919> different<00:06:23.159> and<00:06:23.429> I<00:06:23.519> think force are very different and I think force are very different and I think it's<00:06:23.879> fairly<00:06:24.269> obvious<00:06:24.419> that<00:06:24.989> their<00:06:25.529> attitude it's fairly obvious that their attitude it's fairly obvious that their attitude to<00:06:26.129> the<00:06:26.219> use<00:06:26.429> of<00:06:26.639> non-lethal<00:06:27.149> weapons<00:06:27.329> would to the use of non-lethal weapons would to the use of non-lethal weapons would also<00:06:28.110> be<00:06:28.469> very<00:06:28.499> different<00:06:28.949> from<00:06:29.219> what<00:06:29.429> it<00:06:29.549> is also be very different from what it is also be very different from what it is with<00:06:29.849> the<00:06:29.939> police<00:06:30.149> and<00:06:30.829> since<00:06:31.829> we've<00:06:31.979> already with the police and since we've already with the police and since we've already had<00:06:32.549> so<00:06:32.789> many<00:06:32.909> problems<00:06:33.179> with<00:06:33.509> police<00:06:34.049> use<00:06:34.349> of had so many problems with police use of had so many problems with police use of non-lethal<00:06:34.949> weapons<00:06:35.129> in<00:06:35.579> various<00:06:35.879> ways<00:06:36.059> I non-lethal weapons in various ways I non-lethal weapons in various ways I thought<00:06:36.389> it<00:06:36.479> would<00:06:36.599> be<00:06:36.719> a<00:06:36.749> really<00:06:37.019> good<00:06:37.169> idea thought it would be a really good idea thought it would be a really good idea to<00:06:37.559> look<00:06:37.739> at<00:06:37.829> some<00:06:38.009> of<00:06:38.039> those<00:06:38.189> things<00:06:38.489> and<00:06:38.669> try to look at some of those things and try to look at some of those things and try and<00:06:38.969> relate<00:06:39.179> it<00:06:39.239> to<00:06:39.419> the<00:06:39.659> military<00:06:40.079> context and relate it to the military context and relate it to the military context and<00:06:40.860> I<00:06:41.279> was<00:06:41.399> really<00:06:41.579> surprised<00:06:42.029> when<00:06:42.149> I and I was really surprised when I and I was really surprised when I started<00:06:42.569> to<00:06:42.689> do<00:06:42.839> this<00:06:42.959> to<00:06:43.169> see<00:06:43.349> that<00:06:43.559> in<00:06:43.679> fact started to do this to see that in fact started to do this to see that in fact even<00:06:44.489> those<00:06:44.610> people<00:06:44.639> who<00:06:45.029> are<00:06:45.089> advocating<00:06:45.509> the even those people who are advocating the even those people who are advocating the use<00:06:45.779> of<00:06:45.899> non-lethal<00:06:46.349> weapons<00:06:46.529> by<00:06:46.949> the use of non-lethal weapons by the use of non-lethal weapons by the military<00:06:47.489> hadn't<00:06:48.360> actually<00:06:48.509> done<00:06:48.749> that<00:06:49.199> they military hadn't actually done that they military hadn't actually done that they generally<00:06:50.399> seem<00:06:50.789> to<00:06:50.939> think<00:06:51.119> we'll generally seem to think we'll generally seem to think we'll why<00:06:51.770> would<00:06:52.010> we<00:06:52.130> care<00:06:52.370> what's<00:06:52.700> happened<00:06:53.000> with why would we care what's happened with why would we care what's happened with the<00:06:53.210> police<00:06:53.330> you<00:06:54.140> know<00:06:54.200> we're<00:06:54.410> looking<00:06:54.650> at the police you know we're looking at the police you know we're looking at something<00:06:54.920> different<00:06:55.430> and<00:06:55.550> didn't<00:06:55.970> seem<00:06:56.120> to something different and didn't seem to something different and didn't seem to recognize<00:06:56.450> in<00:06:56.750> fact<00:06:56.960> they<00:06:57.080> were<00:06:57.200> looking<00:06:57.500> at recognize in fact they were looking at recognize in fact they were looking at pretty<00:06:57.920> much<00:06:58.010> the<00:06:58.160> same<00:06:58.520> stuff<00:06:58.900> so<00:06:59.900> I<00:06:59.930> actually pretty much the same stuff so I actually pretty much the same stuff so I actually started<00:07:00.350> to<00:07:00.800> investigate<00:07:01.460> some<00:07:01.700> of<00:07:01.730> these started to investigate some of these started to investigate some of these issues<00:07:02.330> and<00:07:02.480> have<00:07:02.600> a<00:07:02.660> look<00:07:02.930> at<00:07:03.200> the<00:07:03.800> way<00:07:03.980> that issues and have a look at the way that issues and have a look at the way that police<00:07:05.330> used<00:07:05.660> non-lethal<00:07:06.080> weapons<00:07:06.530> when police used non-lethal weapons when police used non-lethal weapons when they're<00:07:06.830> introduced<00:07:07.280> in<00:07:07.430> some<00:07:07.610> of<00:07:07.700> the they're introduced in some of the they're introduced in some of the problems<00:07:08.150> that<00:07:08.330> might<00:07:08.480> arise<00:07:08.600> out<00:07:09.110> of<00:07:09.140> those problems that might arise out of those problems that might arise out of those sorts<00:07:09.770> of<00:07:09.860> things sorts of things sorts of things when<00:07:10.880> they<00:07:11.000> actually<00:07:11.150> do<00:07:11.540> introduce<00:07:12.110> them<00:07:12.380> and when they actually do introduce them and when they actually do introduce them and of<00:07:13.730> course<00:07:14.150> being<00:07:14.780> Australian<00:07:15.560> I<00:07:15.620> started of course being Australian I started of course being Australian I started looking<00:07:16.280> at<00:07:16.400> stuff<00:07:16.640> in<00:07:16.790> Australia<00:07:17.240> knowing looking at stuff in Australia knowing looking at stuff in Australia knowing again<00:07:18.200> from<00:07:18.470> my<00:07:18.590> own<00:07:18.680> experience<00:07:19.190> about again from my own experience about again from my own experience about various<00:07:19.880> times<00:07:20.120> when<00:07:20.360> non-lethal<00:07:20.780> weapons various times when non-lethal weapons various times when non-lethal weapons have<00:07:21.320> been<00:07:21.350> introduced<00:07:21.890> in<00:07:22.040> Australia<00:07:22.520> so<00:07:23.270> one have been introduced in Australia so one have been introduced in Australia so one of<00:07:23.540> the<00:07:23.600> things<00:07:23.750> I<00:07:23.870> particularly<00:07:24.380> looked<00:07:24.590> at of the things I particularly looked at of the things I particularly looked at was<00:07:24.950> the<00:07:25.070> use<00:07:25.220> of<00:07:25.370> OC<00:07:25.700> spray<00:07:26.000> or<00:07:26.660> lor<00:07:26.870> is<00:07:26.990> IAM was the use of OC spray or lor is IAM was the use of OC spray or lor is IAM capsicum<00:07:27.710> spray<00:07:27.950> pepper<00:07:28.340> spray<00:07:28.640> by capsicum spray pepper spray by capsicum spray pepper spray by Australian<00:07:30.500> police<00:07:30.860> and<00:07:31.220> seeing<00:07:31.610> when<00:07:31.820> that Australian police and seeing when that Australian police and seeing when that had<00:07:32.090> been<00:07:32.210> introduced<00:07:32.660> what<00:07:32.900> had<00:07:33.020> happened had been introduced what had happened had been introduced what had happened and<00:07:33.560> those<00:07:33.890> sorts<00:07:34.220> of<00:07:34.280> issues<00:07:34.900> and<00:07:35.900> one<00:07:36.260> study and those sorts of issues and one study and those sorts of issues and one study that<00:07:36.680> I<00:07:36.830> found<00:07:37.190> a<00:07:37.340> particularly<00:07:37.700> interesting that I found a particularly interesting that I found a particularly interesting one<00:07:38.240> was<00:07:38.510> actually<00:07:38.690> in<00:07:39.170> Queensland<00:07:39.770> because one was actually in Queensland because one was actually in Queensland because they<00:07:40.940> had<00:07:41.480> a<00:07:41.510> trial<00:07:41.960> period<00:07:42.350> for<00:07:42.380> the<00:07:42.590> use<00:07:42.800> of they had a trial period for the use of they had a trial period for the use of pepper<00:07:43.580> spray<00:07:43.700> before<00:07:44.330> they<00:07:44.420> actually pepper spray before they actually pepper spray before they actually introduced<00:07:45.230> it<00:07:45.380> more<00:07:45.530> broadly<00:07:45.740> and<00:07:46.390> I<00:07:47.390> went introduced it more broadly and I went introduced it more broadly and I went and<00:07:47.750> had<00:07:47.870> a<00:07:47.930> look<00:07:48.140> at<00:07:48.260> some<00:07:48.440> of<00:07:48.560> the<00:07:48.650> figures and had a look at some of the figures and had a look at some of the figures here<00:07:49.580> now<00:07:50.060> when<00:07:50.480> they<00:07:50.600> introduced<00:07:51.110> OC<00:07:51.500> spray here now when they introduced OC spray here now when they introduced OC spray in<00:07:51.830> Queensland<00:07:52.370> they're<00:07:52.550> really<00:07:52.910> explicit in Queensland they're really explicit in Queensland they're really explicit the<00:07:53.780> police<00:07:54.230> minister<00:07:54.680> and<00:07:54.860> all<00:07:54.950> whole<00:07:55.190> heap the police minister and all whole heap the police minister and all whole heap of<00:07:55.490> other<00:07:55.610> public<00:07:55.970> statements<00:07:56.390> made<00:07:56.540> about<00:07:56.570> it of other public statements made about it of other public statements made about it they<00:07:56.930> was<00:07:57.050> saying<00:07:57.230> this<00:07:57.740> is<00:07:57.950> explicitly they was saying this is explicitly they was saying this is explicitly intended<00:07:59.240> to<00:07:59.420> give<00:07:59.630> police<00:08:00.020> an<00:08:00.200> option intended to give police an option intended to give police an option between<00:08:00.860> shouting<00:08:01.580> and<00:08:02.000> shooting<00:08:02.920> yeah<00:08:03.920> this between shouting and shooting yeah this between shouting and shooting yeah this is<00:08:04.490> something<00:08:04.760> they<00:08:05.090> can<00:08:05.120> use<00:08:05.540> instead<00:08:06.050> of<00:08:06.110> a is something they can use instead of a is something they can use instead of a firearm<00:08:06.710> in<00:08:06.800> those<00:08:06.920> situations<00:08:07.460> where<00:08:07.610> they firearm in those situations where they firearm in those situations where they would<00:08:07.850> have<00:08:07.970> previously<00:08:08.360> had<00:08:08.480> to<00:08:08.780> shoot would have previously had to shoot would have previously had to shoot someone<00:08:09.380> so<00:08:10.250> I<00:08:10.280> went<00:08:10.550> and<00:08:10.640> looked<00:08:10.790> at<00:08:11.120> all<00:08:11.270> of someone so I went and looked at all of someone so I went and looked at all of these<00:08:11.570> police<00:08:11.930> shooting<00:08:12.350> figures<00:08:12.650> and<00:08:12.830> it's these police shooting figures and it's these police shooting figures and it's you<00:08:13.010> can<00:08:13.220> actually<00:08:13.430> find<00:08:13.880> them<00:08:14.120> very<00:08:14.300> easily you can actually find them very easily you can actually find them very easily for<00:08:15.230> individual<00:08:15.980> Australian<00:08:16.400> states<00:08:16.700> I<00:08:16.850> could for individual Australian states I could for individual Australian states I could only<00:08:17.120> find<00:08:17.510> these<00:08:17.780> ones<00:08:18.110> this<00:08:18.380> is<00:08:18.440> from<00:08:18.740> a only find these ones this is from a only find these ones this is from a Australian<00:08:19.370> Institute<00:08:19.730> of<00:08:19.850> Criminology Australian Institute of Criminology Australian Institute of Criminology report<00:08:20.690> as<00:08:20.840> you<00:08:20.900> can<00:08:21.170> see<00:08:21.320> from<00:08:21.410> the<00:08:21.530> Friant report as you can see from the Friant report as you can see from the Friant period<00:08:22.040> if<00:08:22.100> you<00:08:22.160> can<00:08:22.280> read<00:08:22.400> it<00:08:22.430> at<00:08:22.580> the<00:08:22.640> top period if you can read it at the top period if you can read it at the top police<00:08:23.480> shooting<00:08:23.870> deaths<00:08:24.080> means<00:08:24.380> not<00:08:24.680> just police shooting deaths means not just police shooting deaths means not just people<00:08:25.250> who<00:08:25.430> have<00:08:25.460> been<00:08:25.730> shot<00:08:25.970> by<00:08:26.120> police<00:08:26.300> but people who have been shot by police but people who have been shot by police but people<00:08:26.930> who<00:08:27.050> have<00:08:27.230> shot<00:08:27.470> themselves<00:08:27.680> in<00:08:28.160> the people who have shot themselves in the people who have shot themselves in the presence<00:08:28.460> of<00:08:28.790> police<00:08:29.090> but<00:08:29.720> this<00:08:29.840> is<00:08:30.020> the presence of police but this is the presence of police but this is the figures<00:08:30.410> across<00:08:30.710> the<00:08:30.920> entire<00:08:31.190> country<00:08:31.670> and figures across the entire country and figures across the entire country and the<00:08:31.850> red<00:08:32.000> arrow<00:08:32.210> represents<00:08:32.870> the<00:08:32.990> point<00:08:33.230> where the red arrow represents the point where the red arrow represents the point where Queensland<00:08:33.890> actually<00:08:34.250> said<00:08:34.460> yes<00:08:34.640> okay<00:08:34.910> this Queensland actually said yes okay this Queensland actually said yes okay this is<00:08:35.330> where<00:08:35.480> we're<00:08:35.570> going<00:08:35.750> to<00:08:35.870> give<00:08:36.290> all<00:08:36.740> police is where we're going to give all police is where we're going to give all police officers<00:08:37.300> across<00:08:38.300> the<00:08:38.420> entire<00:08:38.840> state<00:08:38.990> access officers across the entire state access officers across the entire state access to<00:08:39.710> OC<00:08:40.040> spray<00:08:40.280> so<00:08:40.910> you<00:08:40.940> can<00:08:41.120> see<00:08:41.270> there<00:08:41.450> were to OC spray so you can see there were to OC spray so you can see there were six<00:08:41.750> deaths<00:08:42.020> sort<00:08:42.590> of<00:08:42.680> leading<00:08:43.370> up<00:08:43.490> to<00:08:43.520> it six deaths sort of leading up to it six deaths sort of leading up to it every<00:08:44.060> year<00:08:44.090> for<00:08:44.360> a<00:08:44.630> number<00:08:44.960> of<00:08:45.110> years<00:08:45.350> there every year for a number of years there every year for a number of years there was<00:08:46.310> a<00:08:46.340> spike<00:08:46.730> of<00:08:46.970> course<00:08:47.180> a<00:08:47.300> few<00:08:47.450> years<00:08:47.630> before was a spike of course a few years before was a spike of course a few years before but<00:08:48.200> that<00:08:48.320> wasn't<00:08:48.680> actually<00:08:48.950> Queensland but that wasn't actually Queensland but that wasn't actually Queensland anyone<00:08:49.700> know<00:08:49.880> where<00:08:50.090> that<00:08:50.240> was<00:08:50.770> wasn't<00:08:51.770> Port anyone know where that was wasn't Port anyone know where that was wasn't Port Arthur<00:08:52.100> no<00:08:52.570> Victoria<00:08:53.570> yes<00:08:53.930> correct<00:08:54.410> that Arthur no Victoria yes correct that Arthur no Victoria yes correct that spike<00:08:55.640> was<00:08:55.820> all<00:08:55.970> Victoria spike was all Victoria spike was all Victoria so<00:08:58.450> it<00:08:58.570> wasn't<00:08:58.810> the<00:08:59.080> Queensland<00:08:59.560> had<00:08:59.710> a so it wasn't the Queensland had a so it wasn't the Queensland had a particular<00:09:00.070> problem<00:09:00.670> with<00:09:00.850> deaths<00:09:01.270> from particular problem with deaths from particular problem with deaths from police<00:09:02.200> shootings<00:09:02.620> and<00:09:02.770> so<00:09:02.950> on<00:09:03.100> so<00:09:03.760> six police shootings and so on so six police shootings and so on so six shootings<00:09:04.690> across<00:09:04.870> the<00:09:05.080> whole<00:09:05.230> country shootings across the whole country shootings across the whole country fairly<00:09:06.340> consistently<00:09:06.790> over<00:09:06.970> the<00:09:07.060> years fairly consistently over the years fairly consistently over the years before<00:09:07.360> so<00:09:07.780> the<00:09:08.230> next<00:09:08.440> two<00:09:08.710> years<00:09:09.010> was<00:09:09.220> the before so the next two years was the before so the next two years was the years<00:09:09.550> they<00:09:09.670> study<00:09:09.940> 2001<00:09:10.540> 2002<00:09:11.170> anyone<00:09:11.650> want years they study 2001 2002 anyone want years they study 2001 2002 anyone want to<00:09:11.860> take<00:09:12.010> a<00:09:12.070> stab<00:09:12.490> at<00:09:12.730> the<00:09:12.910> number<00:09:13.180> of<00:09:13.270> times to take a stab at the number of times to take a stab at the number of times given<00:09:14.350> how<00:09:14.470> they've<00:09:14.680> introduced<00:09:15.100> this<00:09:15.250> the given how they've introduced this the given how they've introduced this the number<00:09:15.610> of<00:09:15.670> times<00:09:15.850> police<00:09:16.090> in<00:09:16.390> Queensland number of times police in Queensland number of times police in Queensland used<00:09:16.990> OC<00:09:17.350> spray<00:09:17.530> in<00:09:17.710> that<00:09:17.830> period<00:09:18.450> hundreds<00:09:19.450> 1 used OC spray in that period hundreds 1 used OC spray in that period hundreds 1 3<00:09:21.180> thousands<00:09:22.180> getting<00:09:22.420> better<00:09:25.620> explicitly 3 thousands getting better explicitly 3 thousands getting better explicitly introduced<00:09:27.130> as<00:09:27.370> an<00:09:27.610> alternative<00:09:28.120> to<00:09:28.210> the<00:09:28.360> use introduced as an alternative to the use introduced as an alternative to the use of<00:09:28.510> lethal<00:09:28.810> force of lethal force of lethal force an<00:09:29.530> alternative<00:09:30.340> between<00:09:30.490> shouting<00:09:31.270> and an alternative between shouting and an alternative between shouting and shooting<00:09:31.990> I'm<00:09:32.620> going<00:09:32.860> to<00:09:32.950> go<00:09:33.070> out<00:09:33.250> on<00:09:33.280> a<00:09:33.520> limb shooting I'm going to go out on a limb shooting I'm going to go out on a limb here<00:09:33.760> and<00:09:34.240> say<00:09:34.440> that<00:09:35.440> if<00:09:35.590> Queensland<00:09:36.190> Police here and say that if Queensland Police here and say that if Queensland Police didn't<00:09:36.850> have<00:09:36.970> OC<00:09:37.330> spray<00:09:37.570> they<00:09:37.990> wouldn't<00:09:38.410> have didn't have OC spray they wouldn't have didn't have OC spray they wouldn't have shot<00:09:39.150> 2226<00:09:40.150> people<00:09:40.510> in<00:09:40.660> those<00:09:40.810> two<00:09:41.020> years<00:09:43.620> in shot 2226 people in those two years in shot 2226 people in those two years in fact<00:09:45.010> if<00:09:45.190> you<00:09:45.310> have<00:09:45.460> a<00:09:45.490> look<00:09:45.730> at<00:09:45.910> the<00:09:46.030> studies fact if you have a look at the studies fact if you have a look at the studies that<00:09:46.450> they<00:09:46.690> were<00:09:46.840> looking<00:09:47.050> at<00:09:47.380> that<00:09:47.890> the that they were looking at that the that they were looking at that the material<00:09:48.880> they<00:09:49.000> were<00:09:49.060> collecting<00:09:49.570> and material they were collecting and material they were collecting and examining<00:09:50.320> you<00:09:51.130> can<00:09:51.280> see<00:09:51.460> the<00:09:52.180> suspects<00:09:52.750> were examining you can see the suspects were examining you can see the suspects were only<00:09:53.350> armed<00:09:53.920> in<00:09:54.070> about<00:09:54.340> 15%<00:09:54.790> of<00:09:55.210> cases<00:09:55.240> where only armed in about 15% of cases where only armed in about 15% of cases where OC<00:09:56.200> spray<00:09:56.410> was<00:09:56.650> used<00:09:57.240> right<00:09:58.240> it<00:09:58.450> was<00:09:58.660> routinely OC spray was used right it was routinely OC spray was used right it was routinely being<00:09:59.530> used<00:09:59.770> in<00:09:59.980> this<00:10:00.160> period<00:10:00.460> and<00:10:00.820> of<00:10:01.000> course being used in this period and of course being used in this period and of course still<00:10:01.570> is<00:10:01.840> routinely<00:10:02.350> used<00:10:02.740> because<00:10:02.980> there still is routinely used because there still is routinely used because there were<00:10:03.310> no<00:10:03.430> complaints<00:10:03.730> about<00:10:04.030> it were no complaints about it were no complaints about it you<00:10:05.380> cannot<00:10:05.740> within<00:10:06.070> this<00:10:06.250> in<00:10:06.460> the<00:10:06.580> context<00:10:06.970> of you cannot within this in the context of you cannot within this in the context of this<00:10:07.180> study<00:10:07.390> anyway<00:10:07.810> it<00:10:08.530> was<00:10:08.680> routinely<00:10:09.100> being this study anyway it was routinely being this study anyway it was routinely being used<00:10:09.550> to<00:10:09.700> deal<00:10:09.880> with<00:10:10.030> people<00:10:10.330> who<00:10:10.540> were used to deal with people who were used to deal with people who were violent<00:10:11.800> who<00:10:12.340> were<00:10:12.520> potentially<00:10:13.270> violent<00:10:13.660> and violent who were potentially violent and violent who were potentially violent and also<00:10:14.470> quite<00:10:14.740> frequently<00:10:15.250> used<00:10:15.520> to<00:10:16.420> deal<00:10:16.600> with also quite frequently used to deal with also quite frequently used to deal with people<00:10:17.050> who<00:10:17.200> were<00:10:17.290> simply<00:10:17.680> passively people who were simply passively people who were simply passively non-compliant<00:10:20.100> right<00:10:21.100> this<00:10:21.640> person<00:10:22.030> is<00:10:22.150> not non-compliant right this person is not non-compliant right this person is not doing<00:10:22.570> anything<00:10:22.780> violent<00:10:23.110> but<00:10:23.410> they<00:10:23.560> just doing anything violent but they just doing anything violent but they just won't<00:10:24.040> do<00:10:24.370> what<00:10:24.640> we<00:10:24.790> want<00:10:24.970> them<00:10:25.120> to<00:10:25.150> they're won't do what we want them to they're won't do what we want them to they're not<00:10:26.080> obeying<00:10:26.380> the<00:10:26.530> directions<00:10:26.980> that<00:10:27.160> we're not obeying the directions that we're not obeying the directions that we're giving<00:10:27.550> them<00:10:27.700> so<00:10:28.180> we'll<00:10:28.600> give<00:10:28.780> them<00:10:28.840> a<00:10:28.900> shot<00:10:29.050> of giving them so we'll give them a shot of giving them so we'll give them a shot of the<00:10:29.200> OC<00:10:29.470> spray<00:10:29.650> they<00:10:29.890> don't<00:10:30.040> speed<00:10:30.430> them<00:10:30.550> up the OC spray they don't speed them up the OC spray they don't speed them up everything<00:10:31.000> will<00:10:31.120> work<00:10:31.150> out<00:10:31.420> better<00:10:31.630> that<00:10:31.900> way everything will work out better that way everything will work out better that way all<00:10:33.730> right<00:10:33.820> this<00:10:34.120> was<00:10:34.330> something<00:10:34.540> explicitly all right this was something explicitly all right this was something explicitly introduced<00:10:35.920> to<00:10:36.490> be<00:10:36.880> an<00:10:37.030> alternative<00:10:37.540> to introduced to be an alternative to introduced to be an alternative to firearms<00:10:37.900> but<00:10:38.320> it's<00:10:38.440> being<00:10:38.650> routinely<00:10:39.280> used firearms but it's being routinely used firearms but it's being routinely used to<00:10:40.390> deal<00:10:40.600> with<00:10:40.780> a<00:10:40.810> whole<00:10:41.080> range<00:10:41.290> of<00:10:41.770> other to deal with a whole range of other to deal with a whole range of other sorts<00:10:42.400> of<00:10:42.490> problems<00:10:42.910> now<00:10:43.900> one<00:10:44.170> of<00:10:44.200> the sorts of problems now one of the sorts of problems now one of the particular<00:10:44.830> issues<00:10:45.280> that<00:10:45.700> comes<00:10:45.910> up<00:10:46.120> with particular issues that comes up with particular issues that comes up with military<00:10:46.780> use<00:10:47.230> of<00:10:47.560> non-lethal<00:10:47.980> weapons<00:10:48.700> and military use of non-lethal weapons and military use of non-lethal weapons and people<00:10:49.210> when<00:10:49.510> they're<00:10:49.660> actually<00:10:49.870> saying<00:10:50.290> well people when they're actually saying well people when they're actually saying well hey<00:10:50.560> there<00:10:50.740> might<00:10:50.860> be<00:10:50.890> some<00:10:51.160> problems<00:10:51.520> there's hey there might be some problems there's hey there might be some problems there's a<00:10:52.060> couple<00:10:52.450> of<00:10:52.540> particular<00:10:52.690> problems<00:10:53.470> that<00:10:53.620> get a couple of particular problems that get a couple of particular problems that get focused<00:10:54.190> on<00:10:54.450> one<00:10:55.450> of<00:10:55.480> those<00:10:55.720> problems<00:10:56.290> is<00:10:56.530> that focused on one of those problems is that focused on one of those problems is that non-lethal<00:10:58.120> weapons<00:10:58.510> may<00:10:58.690> be<00:10:58.750> used non-lethal weapons may be used non-lethal weapons may be used indiscriminately<00:10:59.580> one<00:11:00.580> of<00:11:00.700> the<00:11:00.820> fundamental indiscriminately one of the fundamental indiscriminately one of the fundamental principles<00:11:01.720> of<00:11:02.320> military<00:11:03.130> use<00:11:03.250> of<00:11:03.280> forces principles of military use of forces principles of military use of forces that<00:11:03.790> you<00:11:04.000> have<00:11:04.150> to<00:11:04.270> be<00:11:04.360> discriminant<00:11:04.900> you that you have to be discriminant you that you have to be discriminant you have<00:11:05.110> to<00:11:05.260> be<00:11:05.350> careful<00:11:05.680> about<00:11:05.830> who<00:11:06.010> you're have to be careful about who you're have to be careful about who you're shooting<00:11:06.550> at<00:11:07.410> so<00:11:08.410> one<00:11:08.590> of<00:11:08.620> the<00:11:08.740> problems shooting at so one of the problems shooting at so one of the problems that's<00:11:09.250> been<00:11:09.430> suggested<00:11:09.610> with<00:11:10.240> non-lethal that's been suggested with non-lethal that's been suggested with non-lethal weapons<00:11:11.080> is<00:11:11.200> that<00:11:11.230> they weapons is that they weapons is that they be<00:11:11.770> used<00:11:11.950> indiscriminately<00:11:12.370> that<00:11:13.180> you<00:11:13.360> use be used indiscriminately that you use be used indiscriminately that you use them<00:11:13.750> against<00:11:14.110> a<00:11:14.170> whole<00:11:14.320> range<00:11:14.620> of<00:11:14.800> people them against a whole range of people them against a whole range of people because<00:11:15.430> you<00:11:15.550> don't<00:11:15.760> have<00:11:15.910> to<00:11:16.089> worry<00:11:16.270> so<00:11:16.540> much because you don't have to worry so much because you don't have to worry so much anymore<00:11:17.020> and<00:11:17.320> in<00:11:17.770> fact<00:11:18.010> one<00:11:18.370> particular anymore and in fact one particular anymore and in fact one particular instance<00:11:19.029> where<00:11:19.270> I<00:11:19.390> think<00:11:19.480> that<00:11:19.660> actually instance where I think that actually instance where I think that actually happens<00:11:20.470> where<00:11:20.680> you<00:11:20.710> can<00:11:20.890> look<00:11:21.010> at<00:11:21.190> it<00:11:21.339> was<00:11:21.850> the happens where you can look at it was the happens where you can look at it was the Braga<00:11:22.390> theater<00:11:22.870> surge<00:11:23.080> in<00:11:23.230> Moscow<00:11:23.589> in<00:11:23.740> 2002 Braga theater surge in Moscow in 2002 Braga theater surge in Moscow in 2002 which<00:11:24.640> probably<00:11:25.210> a<00:11:25.420> lot<00:11:25.630> of<00:11:25.750> you<00:11:25.870> unlike<00:11:26.200> most which probably a lot of you unlike most which probably a lot of you unlike most of<00:11:26.560> my<00:11:26.589> students<00:11:27.010> had<00:11:27.100> ad<00:11:27.220> for<00:11:27.400> actually<00:11:27.730> old of my students had ad for actually old of my students had ad for actually old enough<00:11:28.120> to<00:11:28.150> remember<00:11:28.420> so<00:11:29.350> Chechens<00:11:30.160> had<00:11:30.430> come enough to remember so Chechens had come enough to remember so Chechens had come in<00:11:30.820> and<00:11:30.970> taken<00:11:31.150> control<00:11:31.570> of<00:11:31.690> the<00:11:31.960> theater<00:11:32.290> they in and taken control of the theater they in and taken control of the theater they had<00:11:32.680> were<00:11:32.920> holding<00:11:33.310> something<00:11:33.339> like<00:11:33.940> 700 had were holding something like 700 had were holding something like 700 people<00:11:34.810> hostage<00:11:35.020> they'd<00:11:35.560> released<00:11:35.890> a<00:11:36.010> bunch people hostage they'd released a bunch people hostage they'd released a bunch of<00:11:36.339> people<00:11:36.670> but<00:11:36.760> they<00:11:36.910> still<00:11:37.210> had<00:11:37.330> about<00:11:37.420> 700 of people but they still had about 700 of people but they still had about 700 people<00:11:38.260> hostage<00:11:38.470> and<00:11:38.920> the<00:11:39.850> Russian<00:11:40.390> special people hostage and the Russian special people hostage and the Russian special Military<00:11:42.100> Police<00:11:42.339> Special<00:11:43.330> Forces<00:11:43.720> spec Military Police Special Forces spec Military Police Special Forces spec Knapp's<00:11:44.620> came<00:11:45.010> in<00:11:45.190> and<00:11:45.400> actually<00:11:45.790> stormed<00:11:46.360> the Knapp's came in and actually stormed the Knapp's came in and actually stormed the theater<00:11:46.720> and<00:11:46.900> the<00:11:46.960> way<00:11:47.080> they<00:11:47.230> did<00:11:47.380> it<00:11:47.500> was<00:11:47.589> to theater and the way they did it was to theater and the way they did it was to pump<00:11:47.950> the<00:11:48.040> whole<00:11:48.160> thing<00:11:48.400> full<00:11:48.550> of<00:11:48.610> anaesthetic pump the whole thing full of anaesthetic pump the whole thing full of anaesthetic gas<00:11:49.150> and<00:11:49.720> it<00:11:50.620> turned<00:11:50.830> out<00:11:51.100> that<00:11:52.000> lots<00:11:52.180> of<00:11:52.450> these gas and it turned out that lots of these gas and it turned out that lots of these hostages<00:11:53.410> actually<00:11:53.950> died<00:11:54.190> as<00:11:54.610> a<00:11:55.089> result<00:11:55.390> of hostages actually died as a result of hostages actually died as a result of inhaling<00:11:56.050> the<00:11:56.260> gas<00:11:56.640> right<00:11:57.640> it<00:11:57.880> was<00:11:58.180> used inhaling the gas right it was used inhaling the gas right it was used indiscriminately<00:11:59.080> they<00:12:00.010> pumped<00:12:00.460> the<00:12:00.610> whole indiscriminately they pumped the whole indiscriminately they pumped the whole theater<00:12:01.150> full<00:12:01.300> of<00:12:01.420> the<00:12:01.510> gas<00:12:01.690> and<00:12:02.040> it's<00:12:03.040> no theater full of the gas and it's no theater full of the gas and it's no surprise<00:12:03.730> that<00:12:04.180> people<00:12:04.690> died<00:12:04.990> because<00:12:05.560> you surprise that people died because you surprise that people died because you don't<00:12:06.279> know<00:12:06.490> how<00:12:06.760> much<00:12:06.940> of<00:12:07.000> this<00:12:07.330> gas<00:12:07.570> each don't know how much of this gas each don't know how much of this gas each person<00:12:08.200> is<00:12:08.290> going<00:12:08.410> to<00:12:08.470> inhale<00:12:08.800> what<00:12:09.130> position person is going to inhale what position person is going to inhale what position they're<00:12:09.640> going<00:12:09.820> to<00:12:09.910> fall<00:12:10.120> in<00:12:10.300> when<00:12:10.480> they<00:12:10.570> come they're going to fall in when they come they're going to fall in when they come unconscious<00:12:11.770> and<00:12:11.950> so<00:12:12.100> on<00:12:12.250> they<00:12:12.910> were<00:12:12.970> in<00:12:13.210> fact unconscious and so on they were in fact unconscious and so on they were in fact only<00:12:13.690> a<00:12:13.839> couple<00:12:14.080> of<00:12:14.260> people<00:12:14.440> who<00:12:14.680> got<00:12:14.860> shot<00:12:15.250> in only a couple of people who got shot in only a couple of people who got shot in this<00:12:16.270> episode<00:12:17.050> so<00:12:17.950> when<00:12:18.190> they<00:12:18.279> had<00:12:18.459> a<00:12:18.490> look<00:12:18.640> at this episode so when they had a look at this episode so when they had a look at it<00:12:18.910> afterwards<00:12:19.300> there<00:12:19.540> are<00:12:19.570> only<00:12:19.690> a<00:12:19.779> couple<00:12:19.810> of it afterwards there are only a couple of it afterwards there are only a couple of people<00:12:20.200> who'd<00:12:20.380> apparently<00:12:20.589> been<00:12:20.950> shot<00:12:21.190> by people who'd apparently been shot by people who'd apparently been shot by armed<00:12:21.700> by<00:12:22.120> the<00:12:22.150> hostage<00:12:22.750> takers<00:12:23.230> or<00:12:23.440> shot<00:12:23.830> by armed by the hostage takers or shot by armed by the hostage takers or shot by the<00:12:24.100> police<00:12:24.730> forces<00:12:25.690> coming<00:12:25.900> in<00:12:26.080> and<00:12:26.200> trying the police forces coming in and trying the police forces coming in and trying to<00:12:26.470> deal<00:12:26.620> with<00:12:26.650> the<00:12:26.800> situation<00:12:27.339> virtually to deal with the situation virtually to deal with the situation virtually everybody<00:12:28.390> that<00:12:28.720> got<00:12:28.810> killed<00:12:29.050> got<00:12:29.230> killed everybody that got killed got killed everybody that got killed got killed from<00:12:30.339> you<00:12:30.459> know<00:12:30.520> inhaling<00:12:31.240> the<00:12:31.330> gas<00:12:31.529> the<00:12:32.529> final from you know inhaling the gas the final from you know inhaling the gas the final toll<00:12:33.370> of<00:12:33.610> hostages<00:12:34.120> is<00:12:34.570> a<00:12:34.810> little<00:12:35.200> unclear<00:12:35.529> but toll of hostages is a little unclear but toll of hostages is a little unclear but it's<00:12:35.890> certainly<00:12:36.190> a<00:12:36.250> few<00:12:36.490> more<00:12:36.700> than<00:12:36.910> that it's certainly a few more than that it's certainly a few more than that because<00:12:37.510> there<00:12:37.660> are<00:12:37.720> other<00:12:37.810> people<00:12:37.870> that<00:12:38.200> died because there are other people that died because there are other people that died over<00:12:38.589> the<00:12:38.650> next<00:12:38.830> few<00:12:39.010> days<00:12:39.220> so<00:12:39.520> this<00:12:40.120> was<00:12:40.270> one over the next few days so this was one over the next few days so this was one particular<00:12:40.720> problem<00:12:41.050> they<00:12:41.380> talked<00:12:41.620> about particular problem they talked about particular problem they talked about that<00:12:42.010> it<00:12:42.100> might<00:12:42.250> be<00:12:42.370> used<00:12:42.550> indiscriminately that it might be used indiscriminately that it might be used indiscriminately second<00:12:44.290> problem<00:12:44.589> that<00:12:44.740> people<00:12:45.040> sometimes second problem that people sometimes second problem that people sometimes talk<00:12:45.730> about<00:12:46.000> with<00:12:46.150> military<00:12:46.540> use<00:12:46.690> of talk about with military use of talk about with military use of non-lethal<00:12:47.050> weapons<00:12:47.380> and<00:12:47.890> it's<00:12:48.010> actually<00:12:48.370> the non-lethal weapons and it's actually the non-lethal weapons and it's actually the reason<00:12:48.700> why<00:12:49.089> in<00:12:49.750> the<00:12:49.810> chemical<00:12:50.320> weapons reason why in the chemical weapons reason why in the chemical weapons convention<00:12:50.770> it's<00:12:51.220> very<00:12:51.400> clear<00:12:51.670> that<00:12:51.850> you convention it's very clear that you convention it's very clear that you can't<00:12:52.180> use<00:12:52.360> riot<00:12:52.690> control<00:12:53.020> agents<00:12:53.140> as<00:12:53.560> a can't use riot control agents as a can't use riot control agents as a weapon<00:12:53.950> of<00:12:54.040> warfare<00:12:54.250> the<00:12:55.150> problem<00:12:55.480> with<00:12:55.630> that weapon of warfare the problem with that weapon of warfare the problem with that is<00:12:55.990> that<00:12:56.020> it<00:12:56.320> seemed<00:12:56.529> that<00:12:56.709> sometimes is that it seemed that sometimes is that it seemed that sometimes non-lethal<00:12:57.850> weapons<00:12:58.240> might<00:12:58.420> actually<00:12:58.570> be non-lethal weapons might actually be non-lethal weapons might actually be used<00:12:59.050> not<00:12:59.230> as<00:12:59.380> an<00:12:59.500> alternative<00:12:59.980> to<00:13:00.190> lethal used not as an alternative to lethal used not as an alternative to lethal force<00:13:00.700> but<00:13:00.970> as<00:13:01.060> a<00:13:01.089> little<00:13:01.510> lethal<00:13:01.990> force force but as a little lethal force force but as a little lethal force multiplier<00:13:03.150> that<00:13:04.150> you<00:13:04.330> used<00:13:04.660> non-lethal multiplier that you used non-lethal multiplier that you used non-lethal weapons<00:13:05.620> first<00:13:05.890> so<00:13:06.190> that<00:13:06.220> your<00:13:06.520> lethal weapons first so that your lethal weapons first so that your lethal weapons<00:13:07.300> will<00:13:07.450> actually<00:13:07.779> be<00:13:07.930> more<00:13:08.080> effective weapons will actually be more effective weapons will actually be more effective the<00:13:09.520> people<00:13:09.850> you're<00:13:09.970> shooting<00:13:10.270> out<00:13:10.390> aren't the people you're shooting out aren't the people you're shooting out aren't going<00:13:10.810> to<00:13:10.870> be<00:13:10.990> able<00:13:11.140> to<00:13:11.800> get<00:13:12.010> out<00:13:12.160> of<00:13:12.279> the<00:13:12.370> way going to be able to get out of the way going to be able to get out of the way they're<00:13:12.760> not<00:13:12.880> going<00:13:13.029> to<00:13:13.089> be<00:13:13.180> aware<00:13:13.360> of<00:13:13.420> what's they're not going to be aware of what's they're not going to be aware of what's happening<00:13:13.750> and<00:13:14.200> you<00:13:14.320> can<00:13:14.500> kill<00:13:14.709> them<00:13:14.860> better happening and you can kill them better happening and you can kill them better and<00:13:15.430> in<00:13:15.820> fact<00:13:16.000> that's<00:13:16.209> exactly<00:13:16.390> what<00:13:16.900> happened and in fact that's exactly what happened and in fact that's exactly what happened here here here the<00:13:19.060> hostage<00:13:19.450> takers<00:13:19.870> who<00:13:20.110> had<00:13:20.290> been<00:13:20.440> rendered the hostage takers who had been rendered the hostage takers who had been rendered unconscious<00:13:21.160> by<00:13:21.459> the<00:13:21.490> gas<00:13:21.790> were<00:13:22.209> not<00:13:22.360> taken unconscious by the gas were not taken unconscious by the gas were not taken into<00:13:22.870> custody<00:13:23.079> they<00:13:23.560> were<00:13:23.680> simply<00:13:23.980> shot<00:13:24.190> in into custody they were simply shot in into custody they were simply shot in the<00:13:24.400> head the head the head so<00:13:27.009> this<00:13:27.310> non-lethal<00:13:28.149> weapon<00:13:28.750> was<00:13:28.899> being<00:13:29.170> used so this non-lethal weapon was being used so this non-lethal weapon was being used in<00:13:29.680> fact<00:13:29.949> in<00:13:30.100> this<00:13:30.220> case<00:13:30.519> as<00:13:30.790> a<00:13:30.850> non<00:13:31.360> as<00:13:32.019> a in fact in this case as a non as a in fact in this case as a non as a lethal<00:13:32.470> force<00:13:32.860> multiplier<00:13:33.579> to<00:13:33.910> make<00:13:34.120> killing lethal force multiplier to make killing lethal force multiplier to make killing more<00:13:34.959> effective<00:13:35.500> in<00:13:35.769> this<00:13:35.920> particular more effective in this particular more effective in this particular situation<00:13:37.889> now<00:13:38.889> the<00:13:38.949> problem<00:13:39.310> that<00:13:39.339> I<00:13:39.519> just situation now the problem that I just situation now the problem that I just want<00:13:39.910> to<00:13:39.970> quickly<00:13:40.209> mention<00:13:40.360> is<00:13:41.110> that<00:13:41.500> there's want to quickly mention is that there's want to quickly mention is that there's a<00:13:42.279> whole<00:13:42.490> heap<00:13:42.730> of<00:13:42.850> problems<00:13:43.269> with<00:13:43.420> the<00:13:43.509> way a whole heap of problems with the way a whole heap of problems with the way that<00:13:43.839> people<00:13:43.990> actually<00:13:44.230> get<00:13:44.529> taught<00:13:44.860> to<00:13:45.310> use that people actually get taught to use that people actually get taught to use normal<00:13:46.240> ether<00:13:46.389> weapons<00:13:46.720> and<00:13:46.899> get<00:13:46.990> trained normal ether weapons and get trained normal ether weapons and get trained about<00:13:47.560> them<00:13:47.829> and<00:13:47.980> they<00:13:48.190> get<00:13:48.339> tested<00:13:48.579> and<00:13:48.850> so<00:13:49.000> on about them and they get tested and so on about them and they get tested and so on because<00:13:49.540> they<00:13:49.660> get<00:13:49.779> tested<00:13:50.319> in<00:13:50.620> nice<00:13:51.040> safe because they get tested in nice safe because they get tested in nice safe environments<00:13:52.360> and<00:13:52.480> people<00:13:52.690> get<00:13:52.810> taught<00:13:53.050> to environments and people get taught to environments and people get taught to use<00:13:53.440> them<00:13:53.620> in<00:13:53.740> nice<00:13:53.920> safe<00:13:54.250> environments<00:13:54.940> like use them in nice safe environments like use them in nice safe environments like this<00:13:55.860> you<00:13:56.860> can<00:13:57.009> see<00:13:57.310> exactly<00:13:57.639> what's<00:13:57.940> going<00:13:58.149> on this you can see exactly what's going on this you can see exactly what's going on the<00:13:58.449> person<00:13:58.779> who's<00:13:58.930> spraying<00:13:59.259> the<00:13:59.380> OC<00:13:59.649> spray the person who's spraying the OC spray the person who's spraying the OC spray is<00:13:59.949> wearing<00:14:00.310> a<00:14:00.370> rubber<00:14:00.550> glove<00:14:00.759> to<00:14:01.089> make<00:14:01.120> sure is wearing a rubber glove to make sure is wearing a rubber glove to make sure they<00:14:01.540> don't<00:14:01.690> get<00:14:01.870> contaminated<00:14:02.560> and<00:14:02.709> so<00:14:02.860> on they don't get contaminated and so on they don't get contaminated and so on but<00:14:03.639> they<00:14:03.759> don't<00:14:03.940> ever<00:14:04.089> get<00:14:04.269> used<00:14:04.509> like<00:14:04.750> that but they don't ever get used like that but they don't ever get used like that they<00:14:05.290> get<00:14:05.470> used<00:14:05.680> out<00:14:05.889> in<00:14:06.040> the<00:14:06.130> real<00:14:06.310> world<00:14:06.540> like they get used out in the real world like they get used out in the real world like in<00:14:08.139> Texas<00:14:08.410> like<00:14:09.220> this<00:14:09.490> I<00:14:11.069> confess<00:14:12.069> this in Texas like this I confess this in Texas like this I confess this particular<00:14:12.819> case<00:14:13.269> was<00:14:13.839> actually<00:14:14.230> one<00:14:14.380> that particular case was actually one that particular case was actually one that piqued<00:14:14.920> my<00:14:15.009> interest<00:14:15.130> in<00:14:15.579> this<00:14:15.759> it<00:14:15.910> happened piqued my interest in this it happened piqued my interest in this it happened while<00:14:16.360> I<00:14:16.389> was<00:14:16.630> working<00:14:16.839> as<00:14:17.050> a<00:14:17.079> research<00:14:17.410> fellow while I was working as a research fellow while I was working as a research fellow at<00:14:17.860> the<00:14:17.889> u.s.<00:14:18.160> Naval<00:14:18.519> Academy<00:14:18.579> and<00:14:19.029> news at the u.s. Naval Academy and news at the u.s. Naval Academy and news reports<00:14:20.350> started<00:14:20.649> coming<00:14:20.920> up<00:14:20.980> about<00:14:21.160> this reports started coming up about this reports started coming up about this situation<00:14:21.690> where<00:14:22.690> this<00:14:22.839> woman<00:14:23.079> was<00:14:23.380> arguing situation where this woman was arguing situation where this woman was arguing with<00:14:24.009> the<00:14:24.130> police<00:14:24.250> officer<00:14:24.850> she<00:14:25.029> wasn't with the police officer she wasn't with the police officer she wasn't violent<00:14:25.750> in<00:14:26.350> fact<00:14:26.620> he<00:14:26.949> was<00:14:27.160> probably<00:14:27.699> six violent in fact he was probably six violent in fact he was probably six inches<00:14:28.449> taller<00:14:28.839> than<00:14:28.959> me<00:14:29.199> and<00:14:29.470> she<00:14:29.680> was<00:14:29.800> about inches taller than me and she was about inches taller than me and she was about this<00:14:30.130> tall<00:14:30.370> and<00:14:31.350> eventually<00:14:32.350> she<00:14:32.529> said<00:14:32.769> to<00:14:32.889> him this tall and eventually she said to him this tall and eventually she said to him well<00:14:33.550> you<00:14:33.579> know<00:14:33.850> I'm<00:14:34.120> going<00:14:34.300> to<00:14:34.360> get<00:14:34.480> back<00:14:34.630> in well you know I'm going to get back in well you know I'm going to get back in my<00:14:34.870> car<00:14:35.110> and<00:14:35.170> he<00:14:35.230> says<00:14:35.410> if<00:14:35.529> you<00:14:35.649> get<00:14:35.769> back<00:14:35.949> in my car and he says if you get back in my car and he says if you get back in your<00:14:36.220> car<00:14:36.399> I'm<00:14:36.519> going<00:14:36.670> to<00:14:36.790> tase<00:14:36.970> you<00:14:37.149> and<00:14:37.180> she your car I'm going to tase you and she your car I'm going to tase you and she said<00:14:37.569> huh said huh said huh go<00:14:38.019> ahead<00:14:38.290> tase<00:14:38.620> me<00:14:38.860> he<00:14:39.670> does<00:14:40.620> yeah<00:14:41.620> and<00:14:41.800> it's go ahead tase me he does yeah and it's go ahead tase me he does yeah and it's all<00:14:42.250> captured<00:14:42.519> by<00:14:42.819> the<00:14:42.880> video<00:14:43.209> camera<00:14:43.600> running all captured by the video camera running all captured by the video camera running in<00:14:44.050> the<00:14:44.170> in<00:14:45.130> the<00:14:45.220> front<00:14:45.430> of<00:14:45.490> the<00:14:45.550> police<00:14:45.699> car<00:14:46.560> so in the in the front of the police car so in the in the front of the police car so you<00:14:48.009> know<00:14:48.100> she's<00:14:48.459> 72<00:14:49.149> and<00:14:49.769> it<00:14:50.769> seemed<00:14:51.100> that you know she's 72 and it seemed that you know she's 72 and it seemed that this<00:14:51.399> is<00:14:51.579> the<00:14:51.670> most<00:14:51.819> appropriate<00:14:51.970> way<00:14:52.329> of this is the most appropriate way of this is the most appropriate way of dealing<00:14:52.689> with<00:14:52.839> that<00:14:52.990> and<00:14:53.980> other<00:14:54.160> examples<00:14:54.699> are dealing with that and other examples are dealing with that and other examples are the<00:14:54.880> same<00:14:55.089> sorts<00:14:55.389> of<00:14:55.480> things<00:14:55.720> with<00:14:55.959> other the same sorts of things with other the same sorts of things with other people<00:14:56.649> where<00:14:56.889> you<00:14:57.009> think<00:14:57.220> well<00:14:57.370> is<00:14:57.610> this people where you think well is this people where you think well is this really<00:14:57.880> an<00:14:58.269> appropriate<00:14:58.839> way<00:14:59.019> to<00:14:59.050> use really an appropriate way to use really an appropriate way to use non-lethal<00:14:59.769> weapons<00:15:00.459> yeah<00:15:01.180> police<00:15:01.750> chief non-lethal weapons yeah police chief non-lethal weapons yeah police chief fires<00:15:02.170> taser<00:15:02.380> into<00:15:02.740> fourteen-year-old fires taser into fourteen-year-old fires taser into fourteen-year-old girl's<00:15:03.519> head<00:15:03.730> she<00:15:04.029> was<00:15:04.180> running<00:15:04.420> away<00:15:04.509> what girl's head she was running away what girl's head she was running away what else<00:15:04.899> was<00:15:05.050> I<00:15:05.170> supposed<00:15:05.439> to<00:15:05.529> do

or<00:15:09.029> Florida<00:15:10.100> police<00:15:11.100> tase<00:15:11.549> a<00:15:11.579> six-year-old or Florida police tase a six-year-old or Florida police tase a six-year-old boy<00:15:12.329> at<00:15:12.569> elementary<00:15:13.049> school<00:15:13.319> and<00:15:13.619> they boy at elementary school and they boy at elementary school and they clearly<00:15:14.609> learnt<00:15:14.939> a<00:15:15.059> lot<00:15:15.179> from<00:15:15.239> it<00:15:15.569> because<00:15:15.749> in clearly learnt a lot from it because in clearly learnt a lot from it because in the<00:15:16.199> same<00:15:16.410> district<00:15:17.009> police<00:15:17.790> reviewed<00:15:18.239> policy the same district police reviewed policy the same district police reviewed policy after<00:15:18.779> children<00:15:19.139> shocked<00:15:19.699> second<00:15:20.699> child after children shocked second child after children shocked second child shocked<00:15:21.389> by<00:15:21.509> Taser<00:15:21.720> stun<00:15:21.869> gun<00:15:22.230> within<00:15:22.529> weeks shocked by Taser stun gun within weeks shocked by Taser stun gun within weeks same<00:15:23.279> police<00:15:23.819> district<00:15:24.419> another<00:15:25.290> child same police district another child same police district another child within<00:15:25.980> weeks<00:15:26.189> of<00:15:26.399> tasering<00:15:26.999> the within weeks of tasering the within weeks of tasering the six-year-old<00:15:27.600> boy<00:15:27.779> just<00:15:28.350> in<00:15:28.470> case<00:15:28.649> you<00:15:28.769> think six-year-old boy just in case you think six-year-old boy just in case you think it's<00:15:29.249> only<00:15:29.399> going<00:15:29.609> to<00:15:29.669> happen<00:15:29.790> in<00:15:30.089> the<00:15:30.209> United it's only going to happen in the United it's only going to happen in the United States<00:15:30.899> it<00:15:31.619> happened<00:15:32.220> in<00:15:32.489> Canada<00:15:32.819> as<00:15:33.149> well<00:15:33.359> and States it happened in Canada as well and States it happened in Canada as well and a<00:15:34.220> colleague<00:15:35.220> of<00:15:35.459> mine<00:15:35.519> sent<00:15:35.970> me<00:15:36.029> this<00:15:36.269> one a colleague of mine sent me this one a colleague of mine sent me this one from<00:15:36.839> London<00:15:37.230> but<00:15:38.220> my<00:15:38.339> personal<00:15:38.790> favorite<00:15:39.179> of from London but my personal favorite of from London but my personal favorite of these<00:15:39.509> ones<00:15:39.779> I<00:15:39.899> have<00:15:40.079> to<00:15:40.230> confess<00:15:40.529> does these ones I have to confess does these ones I have to confess does actually<00:15:41.309> come<00:15:41.549> from<00:15:41.579> the<00:15:41.850> United<00:15:42.239> States actually come from the United States actually come from the United States officers<00:15:44.040> taser<00:15:44.279> 86<00:15:44.939> year<00:15:45.089> old<00:15:45.179> disabled officers taser 86 year old disabled officers taser 86 year old disabled woman<00:15:45.869> in<00:15:46.169> her<00:15:46.319> bed woman in her bed woman in her bed I<00:15:48.589> checked<00:15:49.589> the<00:15:49.709> reports<00:15:50.189> on<00:15:50.369> this<00:15:50.489> one<00:15:50.790> I I checked the reports on this one I I checked the reports on this one I looked<00:15:51.600> at<00:15:51.720> it<00:15:51.839> I<00:15:51.929> was<00:15:51.959> really<00:15:52.259> surprised looked at it I was really surprised looked at it I was really surprised apparently<00:15:53.910> she<00:15:54.359> took<00:15:54.629> up<00:15:54.869> a<00:15:55.079> more apparently she took up a more apparently she took up a more threatening<00:15:55.859> position<00:15:56.549> in<00:15:56.759> her<00:15:56.910> bed<00:15:57.209> I<00:15:58.639> kid threatening position in her bed I kid threatening position in her bed I kid you<00:15:59.669> not<00:15:59.850> that's<00:16:00.239> exactly<00:16:00.779> what<00:16:00.899> it's<00:16:01.019> it<00:16:01.139> she you not that's exactly what it's it she you not that's exactly what it's it she took<00:16:01.679> up<00:16:01.889> a<00:16:02.129> more<00:16:02.399> threatening<00:16:02.699> position<00:16:03.209> in took up a more threatening position in took up a more threatening position in her<00:16:03.449> bed<00:16:03.980> okay<00:16:05.119> but<00:16:06.119> I'd<00:16:06.239> remind<00:16:06.540> you<00:16:06.660> what<00:16:06.809> I'm her bed okay but I'd remind you what I'm her bed okay but I'd remind you what I'm talking<00:16:07.079> about<00:16:07.259> I'm<00:16:07.470> talking<00:16:07.499> about<00:16:07.709> military talking about I'm talking about military talking about I'm talking about military uses<00:16:08.549> of<00:16:08.669> non-lethal<00:16:08.970> weapons<00:16:09.359> so<00:16:09.480> why<00:16:09.660> is uses of non-lethal weapons so why is uses of non-lethal weapons so why is this<00:16:09.899> relevant<00:16:10.220> because<00:16:11.220> police<00:16:12.149> are this relevant because police are this relevant because police are actually<00:16:12.779> more<00:16:13.049> restrained<00:16:13.589> in<00:16:13.769> the<00:16:13.799> use<00:16:14.040> of actually more restrained in the use of actually more restrained in the use of force<00:16:14.339> in<00:16:14.610> the<00:16:14.699> military<00:16:15.149> are<00:16:15.299> they're force in the military are they're force in the military are they're trained<00:16:16.439> to<00:16:16.709> be<00:16:16.829> more<00:16:17.009> restrained<00:16:17.429> in<00:16:17.549> the<00:16:17.579> use trained to be more restrained in the use trained to be more restrained in the use of<00:16:17.850> force<00:16:18.149> in<00:16:18.329> the<00:16:18.419> military<00:16:18.779> are<00:16:18.929> they're of force in the military are they're of force in the military are they're trained<00:16:19.559> to<00:16:19.679> think<00:16:19.799> more<00:16:20.309> to<00:16:20.369> try<00:16:20.699> and trained to think more to try and trained to think more to try and deescalate<00:16:21.389> so<00:16:22.049> if<00:16:22.110> you<00:16:22.199> have<00:16:22.350> these<00:16:22.559> problems deescalate so if you have these problems deescalate so if you have these problems with<00:16:23.189> police<00:16:23.579> officers<00:16:23.790> with<00:16:24.239> non-lethal with police officers with non-lethal with police officers with non-lethal weapons<00:16:25.049> what<00:16:25.679> on<00:16:25.889> earth<00:16:26.100> would<00:16:26.369> make<00:16:26.429> you weapons what on earth would make you weapons what on earth would make you think<00:16:26.759> it's<00:16:27.059> going<00:16:27.269> to<00:16:27.329> be<00:16:27.480> better<00:16:27.720> with think it's going to be better with think it's going to be better with military<00:16:28.829> personnel<00:16:29.899> the<00:16:30.899> last<00:16:31.139> thing<00:16:31.499> that<00:16:31.529> I military personnel the last thing that I military personnel the last thing that I would<00:16:32.009> just<00:16:32.429> like<00:16:32.730> to<00:16:32.759> say<00:16:33.230> when<00:16:34.230> I'm<00:16:34.379> talking would just like to say when I'm talking would just like to say when I'm talking to<00:16:34.829> the<00:16:34.919> police<00:16:35.160> about<00:16:35.309> what<00:16:35.639> a<00:16:35.669> perfect to the police about what a perfect to the police about what a perfect non-lethal<00:16:36.600> weapon<00:16:37.110> would<00:16:37.259> look<00:16:37.410> like<00:16:37.619> they non-lethal weapon would look like they non-lethal weapon would look like they almost<00:16:38.339> inevitably<00:16:38.970> to<00:16:39.209> say<00:16:39.329> the<00:16:39.480> same<00:16:39.689> thing almost inevitably to say the same thing almost inevitably to say the same thing they<00:16:40.110> say<00:16:40.350> well<00:16:40.559> it's<00:16:40.799> going<00:16:40.860> to<00:16:40.980> be<00:16:41.100> something they say well it's going to be something they say well it's going to be something that's<00:16:41.639> nasty<00:16:42.149> enough<00:16:42.329> that<00:16:42.660> people<00:16:42.839> don't that's nasty enough that people don't that's nasty enough that people don't want<00:16:43.290> to<00:16:43.350> be<00:16:43.439> hit<00:16:43.649> with<00:16:43.679> this<00:16:43.980> weapon<00:16:44.160> so<00:16:44.999> if want to be hit with this weapon so if want to be hit with this weapon so if you<00:16:45.569> threaten<00:16:45.779> to<00:16:45.959> use<00:16:46.110> it<00:16:46.319> people<00:16:46.589> are<00:16:46.829> going you threaten to use it people are going you threaten to use it people are going to<00:16:47.129> comply<00:16:47.429> with<00:16:47.669> it<00:16:48.919> but<00:16:49.919> it's<00:16:50.040> also<00:16:50.220> going<00:16:50.669> to to comply with it but it's also going to to comply with it but it's also going to be<00:16:50.910> something<00:16:51.149> that<00:16:51.569> doesn't<00:16:51.869> leave<00:16:52.350> any be something that doesn't leave any be something that doesn't leave any lasting<00:16:52.980> effects<00:16:55.429> in<00:16:56.429> other<00:16:56.610> words<00:16:56.879> your lasting effects in other words your lasting effects in other words your perfect<00:16:57.899> non<00:16:58.049> lethal<00:16:58.230> weapon<00:16:58.709> is<00:16:58.860> something perfect non lethal weapon is something perfect non lethal weapon is something that's<00:16:59.429> perfect<00:16:59.850> for<00:17:00.029> abuse<00:17:00.329> what<00:17:01.289> would that's perfect for abuse what would that's perfect for abuse what would these<00:17:01.649> guys<00:17:01.949> have<00:17:02.129> done<00:17:02.160> if<00:17:02.429> they'd<00:17:02.579> had these guys have done if they'd had these guys have done if they'd had access<00:17:03.239> to<00:17:03.449> tasers<00:17:04.079> or<00:17:04.289> to<00:17:04.949> a<00:17:04.980> man-portable access to tasers or to a man-portable access to tasers or to a man-portable version<00:17:06.360> of<00:17:06.539> the<00:17:06.720> Active<00:17:07.049> Denial<00:17:07.169> system<00:17:07.500> a version of the Active Denial system a version of the Active Denial system a small<00:17:09.510> heat<00:17:09.839> ray<00:17:10.079> that<00:17:10.350> you<00:17:10.439> can<00:17:10.620> use<00:17:10.799> on small heat ray that you can use on small heat ray that you can use on people<00:17:11.159> and<00:17:11.519> not<00:17:11.760> worry<00:17:12.000> about<00:17:12.949> so<00:17:13.949> I<00:17:13.980> think people and not worry about so I think people and not worry about so I think yes<00:17:15.209> there<00:17:15.659> may<00:17:15.870> be<00:17:15.899> ways<00:17:16.169> that<00:17:16.230> non-lethal yes there may be ways that non-lethal yes there may be ways that non-lethal weapons<00:17:17.250> are<00:17:17.370> going<00:17:17.459> to<00:17:17.610> be<00:17:17.669> great<00:17:17.909> in<00:17:18.059> those weapons are going to be great in those weapons are going to be great in those situations<00:17:18.720> but<00:17:18.899> there's<00:17:19.049> also<00:17:19.199> a<00:17:19.350> whole<00:17:19.559> heap situations but there's also a whole heap situations but there's also a whole heap of<00:17:19.889> problems<00:17:20.250> that<00:17:20.429> need<00:17:20.579> to<00:17:20.610> be<00:17:20.699> considered of problems that need to be considered of problems that need to be considered as<00:17:21.299> well as well as well thanks<00:17:23.250> very<00:17:23.400> much

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