On being wrong – Kathryn Schulz

On being wrong - Kathryn Schulz

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[Music] [Music] [Music] [Applause]

so<00:00:17.439> it's so it's so it's 1995<00:00:19.320> I'm<00:00:19.439> in<00:00:20.119> college<00:00:21.119> and<00:00:21.240> a<00:00:21.400> friend<00:00:21.640> and<00:00:21.840> I 1995 I'm in college and a friend and I 1995 I'm in college and a friend and I go<00:00:22.480> on<00:00:22.600> a<00:00:22.760> road<00:00:23.039> trip<00:00:23.640> from<00:00:24.119> Providence<00:00:24.519> Rhode go on a road trip from Providence Rhode go on a road trip from Providence Rhode Island<00:00:25.240> to<00:00:25.400> Portland Island to Portland Island to Portland Oregon<00:00:27.599> you<00:00:27.679> know<00:00:27.840> we're<00:00:28.119> young<00:00:28.640> and Oregon you know we're young and Oregon you know we're young and unemployed<00:00:30.359> so<00:00:30.519> we<00:00:30.679> do<00:00:30.840> the<00:00:31.000> whole<00:00:31.320> thing<00:00:31.679> on unemployed so we do the whole thing on unemployed so we do the whole thing on back<00:00:32.279> roads<00:00:33.120> through<00:00:33.760> state<00:00:34.160> parks<00:00:34.960> and back roads through state parks and back roads through state parks and national national national forests<00:00:37.360> basically<00:00:37.719> the<00:00:37.960> longest<00:00:38.320> route<00:00:38.600> we forests basically the longest route we forests basically the longest route we can<00:00:38.920> possibly can possibly can possibly take<00:00:41.600> and<00:00:41.760> somewhere<00:00:42.120> in<00:00:42.239> the<00:00:42.320> middle<00:00:42.600> of take and somewhere in the middle of take and somewhere in the middle of South South South Dakota<00:00:45.200> I<00:00:45.320> turned<00:00:45.559> to<00:00:45.719> my Dakota I turned to my Dakota I turned to my friend<00:00:47.680> and<00:00:47.840> I<00:00:48.000> ask<00:00:48.239> her<00:00:48.520> a<00:00:48.719> question<00:00:49.399> that's friend and I ask her a question that's friend and I ask her a question that's been<00:00:49.840> bothering<00:00:50.320> me<00:00:51.120> for<00:00:51.520> 2,000

miles<00:00:55.640> what's<00:00:55.840> up<00:00:56.079> with<00:00:56.199> the<00:00:56.359> Chinese miles what's up with the Chinese miles what's up with the Chinese character<00:00:57.199> I<00:00:57.359> keep<00:00:57.520> seeing<00:00:57.879> by<00:00:58.000> the<00:00:58.120> side<00:00:58.280> of character I keep seeing by the side of character I keep seeing by the side of the<00:00:58.920> road

my<00:01:02.920> friend<00:01:03.160> looks<00:01:03.399> at<00:01:03.559> me<00:01:04.400> totally my friend looks at me totally my friend looks at me totally blankly<00:01:07.840> this<00:01:08.159> actually<00:01:08.360> a<00:01:08.439> gentleman<00:01:08.799> in<00:01:08.880> the blankly this actually a gentleman in the blankly this actually a gentleman in the front<00:01:09.159> row<00:01:09.280> who's<00:01:09.439> doing<00:01:09.640> a<00:01:09.759> perfect front row who's doing a perfect front row who's doing a perfect imitation<00:01:10.520> of<00:01:10.640> her

look<00:01:14.600> and<00:01:14.759> I'm<00:01:15.040> like<00:01:15.600> you<00:01:15.880> know<00:01:16.880> all<00:01:17.040> the<00:01:17.200> signs look and I'm like you know all the signs look and I'm like you know all the signs we<00:01:17.840> keep<00:01:18.040> seeing<00:01:18.520> with<00:01:18.640> the<00:01:18.799> Chinese we keep seeing with the Chinese we keep seeing with the Chinese character<00:01:19.600> on character on character on them<00:01:22.560> she<00:01:22.799> just<00:01:23.040> stares<00:01:23.439> at<00:01:23.560> me<00:01:23.680> for<00:01:23.840> a<00:01:23.960> few them she just stares at me for a few them she just stares at me for a few moments<00:01:26.079> and<00:01:26.200> then<00:01:26.320> she<00:01:26.560> cracks<00:01:27.079> up<00:01:28.079> because moments and then she cracks up because moments and then she cracks up because she<00:01:28.439> figures<00:01:28.720> out<00:01:28.880> what<00:01:29.000> I'm<00:01:29.159> talking<00:01:29.479> about she figures out what I'm talking about she figures out what I'm talking about and<00:01:31.159> what<00:01:31.280> I'm<00:01:31.439> talking<00:01:31.799> about<00:01:32.479> is

this<00:01:40.000> right<00:01:41.000> the<00:01:41.200> famous<00:01:41.560> Chinese<00:01:41.960> character this right the famous Chinese character this right the famous Chinese character for<00:01:42.479> picnic for picnic for picnic area<00:01:45.719> I<00:01:45.880> have<00:01:46.079> spent<00:01:46.439> the<00:01:46.640> last<00:01:47.200> five<00:01:47.719> years<00:01:48.079> of area I have spent the last five years of area I have spent the last five years of my<00:01:48.799> life<00:01:49.799> thinking<00:01:50.119> about<00:01:50.479> situations my life thinking about situations my life thinking about situations exactly<00:01:51.880> like exactly like exactly like this<00:01:54.000> why<00:01:54.159> we<00:01:54.560> sometimes<00:01:55.040> misunderstand<00:01:55.840> the this why we sometimes misunderstand the this why we sometimes misunderstand the signs<00:01:56.439> around signs around signs around us<00:01:58.280> and<00:01:58.439> how<00:01:58.600> we<00:01:58.840> behave<00:01:59.320> when<00:01:59.439> that<00:01:59.560> happens us and how we behave when that happens us and how we behave when that happens and<00:02:01.799> what<00:02:01.960> all<00:02:02.079> of<00:02:02.240> this<00:02:02.360> can<00:02:02.520> tell<00:02:02.680> us<00:02:02.840> about and what all of this can tell us about and what all of this can tell us about human human human nature<00:02:05.159> in<00:02:05.280> other<00:02:05.399> words<00:02:05.600> as<00:02:05.680> you<00:02:05.799> heard<00:02:06.039> Chris nature in other words as you heard Chris nature in other words as you heard Chris say<00:02:07.479> I've<00:02:07.600> spent<00:02:07.880> the<00:02:08.039> last<00:02:08.360> five<00:02:08.679> years say I've spent the last five years say I've spent the last five years thinking<00:02:09.520> about<00:02:09.759> being thinking about being thinking about being wrong<00:02:12.680> this<00:02:12.800> might<00:02:12.959> strike<00:02:13.200> you<00:02:13.319> as<00:02:13.400> a<00:02:13.520> strange wrong this might strike you as a strange wrong this might strike you as a strange career<00:02:14.560> move<00:02:15.560> but<00:02:15.760> it<00:02:16.040> actually<00:02:16.200> is<00:02:16.440> one<00:02:16.920> great career move but it actually is one great career move but it actually is one great Advantage<00:02:18.280> no<00:02:18.599> job

competition<00:02:22.120> in<00:02:22.280> fact<00:02:22.800> most<00:02:23.000> of<00:02:23.200> us<00:02:23.519> do competition in fact most of us do competition in fact most of us do everything<00:02:24.200> we<00:02:24.400> can<00:02:24.879> to<00:02:25.400> avoid<00:02:25.959> thinking everything we can to avoid thinking everything we can to avoid thinking about<00:02:26.519> being<00:02:26.959> wrong<00:02:27.959> or<00:02:28.120> at<00:02:28.200> least<00:02:28.400> to<00:02:28.560> avoid about being wrong or at least to avoid about being wrong or at least to avoid thinking<00:02:29.120> about<00:02:29.280> the<00:02:29.400> possibility<00:02:30.040> that<00:02:30.160> we thinking about the possibility that we thinking about the possibility that we ourselves<00:02:30.879> are<00:02:31.120> wrong<00:02:31.879> you<00:02:32.000> know<00:02:32.160> and<00:02:32.280> we<00:02:32.480> get ourselves are wrong you know and we get ourselves are wrong you know and we get it<00:02:32.800> in<00:02:32.920> the<00:02:33.120> abstract<00:02:34.080> we<00:02:34.200> all<00:02:34.400> know<00:02:34.680> everybody it in the abstract we all know everybody it in the abstract we all know everybody in<00:02:35.200> this<00:02:35.360> room<00:02:35.640> makes<00:02:35.920> mistakes<00:02:36.760> the<00:02:36.920> human in this room makes mistakes the human in this room makes mistakes the human species<00:02:37.680> and<00:02:37.879> general<00:02:38.239> is<00:02:38.400> fallible<00:02:38.920> okay species and general is fallible okay species and general is fallible okay fine<00:02:40.879> but<00:02:41.040> when<00:02:41.120> it<00:02:41.280> comes<00:02:41.560> down<00:02:42.120> to<00:02:42.400> me<00:02:42.920> right fine but when it comes down to me right fine but when it comes down to me right now<00:02:44.599> to<00:02:44.840> all<00:02:45.040> the<00:02:45.200> beliefs<00:02:45.640> I<00:02:45.879> hold<00:02:46.400> here<00:02:46.720> in now to all the beliefs I hold here in now to all the beliefs I hold here in the<00:02:47.120> present the present the present tense<00:02:49.640> suddenly<00:02:50.040> all<00:02:50.200> of<00:02:50.360> this<00:02:50.680> abstract tense suddenly all of this abstract tense suddenly all of this abstract appreciation<00:02:51.680> of appreciation of appreciation of fallibility<00:02:53.480> goes<00:02:53.680> out<00:02:53.879> the fallibility goes out the fallibility goes out the window<00:02:55.640> and<00:02:55.760> I<00:02:55.879> can't<00:02:56.159> actually<00:02:56.360> think<00:02:56.519> of window and I can't actually think of window and I can't actually think of anything<00:02:57.159> I'm<00:02:57.319> wrong anything I'm wrong anything I'm wrong about<00:03:00.040> and<00:03:00.200> the<00:03:00.319> thing<00:03:00.519> is<00:03:00.760> you<00:03:00.879> know<00:03:01.239> the about and the thing is you know the about and the thing is you know the present<00:03:01.760> tense<00:03:02.120> is<00:03:02.239> where<00:03:02.400> we<00:03:02.720> live<00:03:03.720> we<00:03:03.840> go<00:03:03.959> to present tense is where we live we go to present tense is where we live we go to meetings<00:03:04.440> in<00:03:04.560> the<00:03:04.720> present<00:03:05.000> tense<00:03:05.720> we<00:03:05.840> go<00:03:06.000> on meetings in the present tense we go on meetings in the present tense we go on family<00:03:06.480> vacations<00:03:07.040> in<00:03:07.159> the<00:03:07.280> present<00:03:07.560> tense<00:03:08.519> we family vacations in the present tense we family vacations in the present tense we go<00:03:08.799> to<00:03:08.920> the<00:03:09.040> polls<00:03:09.360> and<00:03:09.560> vote<00:03:09.879> in<00:03:10.040> the<00:03:10.200> present go to the polls and vote in the present go to the polls and vote in the present tense<00:03:11.760> so<00:03:12.040> effectively<00:03:12.480> we<00:03:12.599> all<00:03:12.760> wind<00:03:12.920> up<00:03:13.120> kind tense so effectively we all wind up kind tense so effectively we all wind up kind of<00:03:13.599> traveling<00:03:14.080> through<00:03:14.319> life<00:03:14.519> sort<00:03:14.720> of of traveling through life sort of of traveling through life sort of Trapped<00:03:15.560> in<00:03:15.799> this<00:03:15.959> little<00:03:16.159> bubble<00:03:16.640> of<00:03:16.760> feeling Trapped in this little bubble of feeling Trapped in this little bubble of feeling very<00:03:17.920> right<00:03:18.239> about very right about very right about everything<00:03:21.080> I<00:03:21.200> think<00:03:21.360> this<00:03:21.480> is<00:03:21.599> a<00:03:22.280> problem<00:03:23.280> I everything I think this is a problem I everything I think this is a problem I think<00:03:23.480> it's<00:03:23.599> a<00:03:23.720> problem<00:03:23.959> for<00:03:24.080> each<00:03:24.239> of<00:03:24.360> us<00:03:24.519> as think it's a problem for each of us as think it's a problem for each of us as individuals<00:03:25.519> in<00:03:25.640> our<00:03:25.959> personal<00:03:26.560> and individuals in our personal and individuals in our personal and professional<00:03:27.879> lives<00:03:28.879> and<00:03:29.000> I<00:03:29.120> think<00:03:29.200> it's<00:03:29.319> a professional lives and I think it's a professional lives and I think it's a problem<00:03:29.640> for<00:03:29.799> for<00:03:29.879> all<00:03:30.000> of<00:03:30.080> us<00:03:30.200> collectively problem for for all of us collectively problem for for all of us collectively as<00:03:30.799> a as a as a culture<00:03:32.720> so<00:03:32.879> what<00:03:32.959> I<00:03:33.040> want<00:03:33.120> to<00:03:33.239> do<00:03:33.400> today<00:03:33.799> is culture so what I want to do today is culture so what I want to do today is first<00:03:34.319> of<00:03:34.480> all<00:03:35.480> talk<00:03:35.680> about<00:03:36.080> why<00:03:36.280> we<00:03:36.480> get<00:03:36.680> stuck first of all talk about why we get stuck first of all talk about why we get stuck inside<00:03:37.480> this<00:03:37.640> feeling<00:03:37.959> of<00:03:38.120> being<00:03:38.799> right<00:03:39.799> and inside this feeling of being right and inside this feeling of being right and second<00:03:40.360> why<00:03:40.519> it's<00:03:40.720> such<00:03:40.840> a second why it's such a second why it's such a problem<00:03:42.680> and<00:03:42.799> finally<00:03:43.159> I<00:03:43.239> want<00:03:43.360> to<00:03:43.560> convince problem and finally I want to convince problem and finally I want to convince you<00:03:44.720> that<00:03:44.840> it<00:03:44.959> is<00:03:45.360> possible<00:03:45.959> to<00:03:46.200> step<00:03:46.599> outside you that it is possible to step outside you that it is possible to step outside of<00:03:47.519> that<00:03:48.120> feeling<00:03:49.120> and<00:03:49.239> that<00:03:49.400> if<00:03:49.519> you<00:03:49.640> can<00:03:49.799> do of that feeling and that if you can do of that feeling and that if you can do so<00:03:50.159> it<00:03:50.280> is<00:03:50.439> the<00:03:50.599> single<00:03:51.159> greatest<00:03:52.159> moral so it is the single greatest moral so it is the single greatest moral intellectual<00:03:53.599> and<00:03:53.799> creative<00:03:54.159> leap<00:03:54.400> you<00:03:54.519> can intellectual and creative leap you can intellectual and creative leap you can make<00:03:56.920> so<00:03:57.720> why<00:03:57.840> do<00:03:57.959> we<00:03:58.120> get<00:03:58.280> stuck<00:03:58.760> in<00:03:58.959> this make so why do we get stuck in this make so why do we get stuck in this feeling<00:03:59.519> of<00:03:59.799> being feeling of being feeling of being right<00:04:01.560> one<00:04:01.760> reason<00:04:02.079> actually<00:04:02.280> has<00:04:02.400> to<00:04:02.480> do<00:04:02.599> with right one reason actually has to do with right one reason actually has to do with the<00:04:02.799> feeling<00:04:03.040> of<00:04:03.200> being<00:04:03.599> wrong<00:04:04.599> so<00:04:04.760> let<00:04:04.840> me<00:04:05.000> ask the feeling of being wrong so let me ask the feeling of being wrong so let me ask you<00:04:05.280> guys<00:04:05.840> something<00:04:06.840> or<00:04:07.000> actually<00:04:07.200> let<00:04:07.280> me you guys something or actually let me you guys something or actually let me ask<00:04:07.519> you<00:04:07.680> guys<00:04:07.840> something<00:04:08.079> because<00:04:08.200> you're ask you guys something because you're ask you guys something because you're right<00:04:09.040> here<00:04:10.040> how<00:04:10.200> does<00:04:10.319> it<00:04:10.640> feel right here how does it feel right here how does it feel emotionally<00:04:13.519> how<00:04:13.640> does<00:04:13.760> it<00:04:13.879> feel<00:04:14.079> to<00:04:14.200> be emotionally how does it feel to be emotionally how does it feel to be wrong<00:04:16.680> Dreadful<00:04:17.680> thumbs<00:04:18.079> down<00:04:18.759> embarrassing wrong Dreadful thumbs down embarrassing wrong Dreadful thumbs down embarrassing embarrassing<00:04:19.919> okay<00:04:20.120> wonderful<00:04:20.600> great embarrassing okay wonderful great embarrassing okay wonderful great Dreadful<00:04:21.600> thumbs<00:04:21.959> down<00:04:22.479> embarrassing<00:04:23.479> thank Dreadful thumbs down embarrassing thank Dreadful thumbs down embarrassing thank you<00:04:23.880> these<00:04:23.960> are<00:04:24.160> great you these are great you these are great answers<00:04:26.199> but<00:04:26.320> there<00:04:26.479> answers<00:04:26.720> to<00:04:26.880> a<00:04:27.000> different answers but there answers to a different answers but there answers to a different question<00:04:29.400> you<00:04:29.560> guys<00:04:29.840> are<00:04:29.919> answering<00:04:30.199> the question you guys are answering the question you guys are answering the question<00:04:31.320> how<00:04:31.479> does<00:04:31.639> it<00:04:31.800> feel<00:04:32.320> to<00:04:32.680> realize question how does it feel to realize question how does it feel to realize you're

wrong<00:04:38.720> realizing<00:04:39.120> you're<00:04:39.280> wrong<00:04:39.479> can<00:04:39.560> feel wrong realizing you're wrong can feel wrong realizing you're wrong can feel like<00:04:39.919> all<00:04:40.039> of<00:04:40.160> that<00:04:40.320> and<00:04:40.440> a<00:04:40.560> lot<00:04:40.680> of<00:04:40.800> other like all of that and a lot of other like all of that and a lot of other things<00:04:41.320> right<00:04:41.479> I<00:04:41.520> mean<00:04:41.639> it<00:04:41.720> can<00:04:41.840> be things right I mean it can be things right I mean it can be devastating<00:04:42.759> it<00:04:42.840> can<00:04:43.000> be<00:04:43.360> revelatory<00:04:44.360> can devastating it can be revelatory can devastating it can be revelatory can actually<00:04:44.720> be<00:04:44.840> quite<00:04:45.039> funny<00:04:45.400> like<00:04:45.600> my<00:04:45.919> stupid actually be quite funny like my stupid actually be quite funny like my stupid Chinese<00:04:46.720> character Chinese character Chinese character mistake<00:04:49.000> but<00:04:49.160> just<00:04:49.440> being mistake but just being mistake but just being wrong<00:04:52.080> doesn't<00:04:52.360> feel<00:04:52.560> like wrong doesn't feel like wrong doesn't feel like anything<00:04:54.560> I'll<00:04:54.720> give<00:04:54.800> you<00:04:54.919> an anything I'll give you an anything I'll give you an analogy<00:04:56.840> you<00:04:57.000> remember<00:04:57.360> that<00:04:57.720> Looney<00:04:58.080> Tunes analogy you remember that Looney Tunes analogy you remember that Looney Tunes cartoon<00:04:58.960> where<00:04:59.080> there's<00:04:59.280> this<00:04:59.440> kind<00:04:59.800> of cartoon where there's this kind of cartoon where there's this kind of pathetic<00:05:00.320> coyote<00:05:00.759> who's<00:05:00.960> always<00:05:01.160> chasing<00:05:01.479> and pathetic coyote who's always chasing and pathetic coyote who's always chasing and never<00:05:01.880> catching<00:05:02.120> a<00:05:02.240> Road<00:05:02.440> Runner<00:05:03.440> in<00:05:03.600> pretty never catching a Road Runner in pretty never catching a Road Runner in pretty much<00:05:04.000> every<00:05:04.240> episode<00:05:04.560> of<00:05:04.680> this<00:05:05.000> cartoon much every episode of this cartoon much every episode of this cartoon there's<00:05:06.160> a<00:05:06.280> moment<00:05:06.600> where<00:05:06.800> the<00:05:06.919> coyote<00:05:07.240> is there's a moment where the coyote is there's a moment where the coyote is chasing<00:05:07.560> the<00:05:07.680> Road<00:05:07.880> Runner<00:05:08.479> and<00:05:08.560> the<00:05:08.639> Road chasing the Road Runner and the Road chasing the Road Runner and the Road Runner<00:05:09.039> runs<00:05:09.240> off<00:05:09.360> a<00:05:09.680> cliff<00:05:10.680> which<00:05:10.800> is<00:05:11.000> fine Runner runs off a cliff which is fine Runner runs off a cliff which is fine he's<00:05:11.360> a<00:05:11.520> bird<00:05:11.840> he<00:05:11.960> can he's a bird he can he's a bird he can fly<00:05:13.680> but<00:05:13.800> the<00:05:13.919> thing<00:05:14.120> is<00:05:14.360> the<00:05:14.600> coyote<00:05:15.039> runs<00:05:15.280> off fly but the thing is the coyote runs off fly but the thing is the coyote runs off the<00:05:15.520> cliff<00:05:15.840> right<00:05:16.000> after<00:05:16.199> him<00:05:17.199> and<00:05:17.360> what's the cliff right after him and what's the cliff right after him and what's funny<00:05:18.919> at<00:05:19.039> least<00:05:19.199> if<00:05:19.319> you're<00:05:19.600> you<00:05:19.720> know<00:05:19.880> six funny at least if you're you know six funny at least if you're you know six years<00:05:20.319> old<00:05:21.120> is<00:05:21.280> that<00:05:21.720> the<00:05:21.840> coyote<00:05:22.240> is<00:05:22.360> totally years old is that the coyote is totally years old is that the coyote is totally fine<00:05:23.000> too<00:05:23.280> he<00:05:23.400> just<00:05:23.520> keeps<00:05:24.160> running<00:05:25.160> right<00:05:25.319> up fine too he just keeps running right up fine too he just keeps running right up until<00:05:25.680> the<00:05:25.759> moment<00:05:25.960> that<00:05:26.039> he<00:05:26.160> looks<00:05:26.680> down<00:05:27.680> and until the moment that he looks down and until the moment that he looks down and realizes<00:05:28.560> that<00:05:28.680> he's<00:05:28.840> in<00:05:28.960> midair realizes that he's in midair realizes that he's in midair that's<00:05:31.039> when<00:05:31.160> he that's when he that's when he falls<00:05:34.000> when<00:05:34.160> we're<00:05:34.400> wrong<00:05:34.800> about falls when we're wrong about falls when we're wrong about something<00:05:36.759> not<00:05:36.960> when<00:05:37.120> we<00:05:37.280> realize<00:05:37.680> it<00:05:37.880> but something not when we realize it but something not when we realize it but before<00:05:38.800> that<00:05:39.800> we're<00:05:40.039> like<00:05:40.240> that before that we're like that before that we're like that coyote<00:05:42.240> after<00:05:42.479> he's<00:05:42.680> gone<00:05:42.880> off<00:05:43.000> the<00:05:43.160> cliff<00:05:43.759> and coyote after he's gone off the cliff and coyote after he's gone off the cliff and before<00:05:44.160> he<00:05:44.280> looks before he looks before he looks down<00:05:46.160> you<00:05:46.319> know<00:05:47.000> we're<00:05:47.240> already<00:05:47.759> wrong<00:05:48.759> we're down you know we're already wrong we're down you know we're already wrong we're already<00:05:49.199> in<00:05:49.880> trouble<00:05:50.880> but<00:05:51.039> we<00:05:51.280> feel<00:05:51.680> like already in trouble but we feel like already in trouble but we feel like we're<00:05:52.000> on<00:05:52.199> Solid we're on Solid we're on Solid ground<00:05:54.800> so<00:05:54.960> I<00:05:55.039> should<00:05:55.319> actually<00:05:55.680> correct ground so I should actually correct ground so I should actually correct something<00:05:56.400> I<00:05:56.479> said<00:05:56.639> a<00:05:56.759> moment something I said a moment something I said a moment ago<00:05:58.600> it<00:05:58.800> does<00:05:59.080> feel<00:05:59.400> like<00:05:59.759> something<00:06:00.039> to<00:06:00.160> be ago it does feel like something to be ago it does feel like something to be wrong<00:06:01.919> it<00:06:02.039> feels<00:06:02.280> like<00:06:02.440> being

right<00:06:07.800> so<00:06:08.000> this<00:06:08.160> is<00:06:08.360> one<00:06:08.639> reason<00:06:09.199> a<00:06:09.400> structural right so this is one reason a structural right so this is one reason a structural reason<00:06:10.680> why<00:06:10.800> we<00:06:10.960> get<00:06:11.120> stuck<00:06:11.440> inside<00:06:11.759> this reason why we get stuck inside this reason why we get stuck inside this feeling<00:06:12.120> of<00:06:12.280> rightness<00:06:12.919> I<00:06:13.039> call<00:06:13.199> this<00:06:13.360> error feeling of rightness I call this error feeling of rightness I call this error blindness<00:06:15.039> you<00:06:15.160> know<00:06:15.360> most<00:06:15.639> of<00:06:15.800> the<00:06:16.039> time<00:06:16.639> we blindness you know most of the time we blindness you know most of the time we don't<00:06:17.080> have<00:06:17.360> any<00:06:17.599> kind<00:06:17.720> of<00:06:18.000> internal<00:06:18.639> cue<00:06:19.360> to don't have any kind of internal cue to don't have any kind of internal cue to let<00:06:19.639> us<00:06:19.800> know<00:06:20.000> that<00:06:20.080> we're<00:06:20.280> wrong<00:06:20.520> about let us know that we're wrong about let us know that we're wrong about something<00:06:21.360> until<00:06:21.599> it's<00:06:21.720> too something until it's too something until it's too late<00:06:24.160> but<00:06:24.280> there's<00:06:24.440> a<00:06:24.599> second<00:06:24.840> reason<00:06:25.039> that<00:06:25.160> we late but there's a second reason that we late but there's a second reason that we get<00:06:25.400> stuck<00:06:25.720> inside<00:06:26.000> this<00:06:26.080> feeling<00:06:26.400> as<00:06:26.520> well get stuck inside this feeling as well get stuck inside this feeling as well and<00:06:26.919> this<00:06:27.039> one<00:06:27.160> is and this one is and this one is cultural<00:06:29.800> think<00:06:30.039> back<00:06:30.199> for<00:06:30.319> a<00:06:30.440> moment<00:06:30.720> to cultural think back for a moment to cultural think back for a moment to elementary<00:06:31.639> school<00:06:32.639> you're<00:06:32.800> sitting<00:06:33.080> there elementary school you're sitting there elementary school you're sitting there in<00:06:33.360> class<00:06:33.800> and<00:06:34.400> your<00:06:34.599> teacher<00:06:35.080> is<00:06:35.400> handing in class and your teacher is handing in class and your teacher is handing back<00:06:35.880> quiz back quiz back quiz papers<00:06:37.759> and<00:06:37.880> one<00:06:38.000> of<00:06:38.080> them<00:06:38.199> looks<00:06:38.440> like<00:06:38.759> this papers and one of them looks like this papers and one of them looks like this this<00:06:39.880> is<00:06:40.000> not<00:06:40.199> mine<00:06:40.599> by<00:06:40.720> the

way<00:06:44.120> so<00:06:44.560> there<00:06:44.680> you<00:06:44.800> are<00:06:45.000> in<00:06:45.199> grade<00:06:46.039> school<00:06:47.039> and way so there you are in grade school and way so there you are in grade school and you<00:06:47.280> know<00:06:47.639> exactly<00:06:48.160> what<00:06:48.280> to<00:06:48.479> think<00:06:49.199> about<00:06:49.440> the you know exactly what to think about the you know exactly what to think about the kid<00:06:49.880> who<00:06:50.039> got<00:06:50.240> this<00:06:50.759> paper<00:06:51.759> that's<00:06:51.960> the<00:06:52.120> dumb kid who got this paper that's the dumb kid who got this paper that's the dumb kid<00:06:53.000> the<00:06:53.280> Troublemaker<00:06:54.280> the<00:06:54.360> one<00:06:54.479> who<00:06:54.599> never kid the Troublemaker the one who never kid the Troublemaker the one who never does<00:06:54.960> his does his does his homework<00:06:57.680> so<00:06:57.919> by<00:06:58.039> the<00:06:58.199> time<00:06:58.360> you<00:06:58.479> are<00:06:58.960> 9<00:06:59.280> years homework so by the time you are 9 years homework so by the time you are 9 years years<00:07:00.280> old<00:07:01.280> you've<00:07:01.520> already<00:07:01.759> learned<00:07:02.360> first years old you've already learned first years old you've already learned first of<00:07:02.720> all<00:07:03.120> that<00:07:03.280> people<00:07:03.479> who<00:07:03.639> get<00:07:03.840> stuff<00:07:04.160> wrong of all that people who get stuff wrong of all that people who get stuff wrong are<00:07:05.080> lazy<00:07:05.560> irresponsible are lazy irresponsible are lazy irresponsible dimwits<00:07:08.039> and<00:07:08.240> second<00:07:08.479> of<00:07:08.720> all<00:07:09.720> that<00:07:09.919> the<00:07:10.039> way dimwits and second of all that the way dimwits and second of all that the way to<00:07:10.400> succeed<00:07:10.759> in<00:07:11.120> life<00:07:12.120> is<00:07:12.240> to<00:07:12.440> never<00:07:12.840> make<00:07:13.080> any to succeed in life is to never make any to succeed in life is to never make any mistakes<00:07:16.199> we<00:07:16.400> learn<00:07:17.120> these<00:07:17.520> really<00:07:17.840> bad mistakes we learn these really bad mistakes we learn these really bad lessons<00:07:19.039> really lessons really lessons really well<00:07:20.879> and<00:07:21.039> a<00:07:21.199> lot<00:07:21.360> of<00:07:21.720> us<00:07:22.720> and<00:07:22.840> I<00:07:23.000> suspect well and a lot of us and I suspect well and a lot of us and I suspect especially<00:07:23.960> a<00:07:24.080> lot<00:07:24.240> of<00:07:24.360> us<00:07:24.520> in<00:07:24.639> this<00:07:25.240> room<00:07:26.240> deal especially a lot of us in this room deal especially a lot of us in this room deal with<00:07:26.720> them<00:07:26.960> by<00:07:27.280> just<00:07:27.639> becoming<00:07:28.560> perfect with them by just becoming perfect with them by just becoming perfect little<00:07:29.240> a little a little a students students students perfectionists perfectionists perfectionists overachievers<00:07:34.919> right<00:07:35.680> Mr<00:07:36.680> CFO overachievers right Mr CFO overachievers right Mr CFO astrophysicist<00:07:38.199> Ultram

marathoner<00:07:47.120> you're<00:07:47.400> all<00:07:47.840> CFO<00:07:48.400> astrophysicist marathoner you're all CFO astrophysicist marathoner you're all CFO astrophysicist ultramarathon<00:07:49.639> as<00:07:49.759> it<00:07:49.840> turns<00:07:50.080> out<00:07:50.360> okay<00:07:50.440> so<00:07:50.800> so ultramarathon as it turns out okay so so ultramarathon as it turns out okay so so fine<00:07:51.440> right<00:07:51.639> except<00:07:52.319> that<00:07:53.319> then<00:07:53.520> we<00:07:53.759> freak<00:07:54.360> out fine right except that then we freak out fine right except that then we freak out at<00:07:55.520> the<00:07:55.720> possibility<00:07:56.199> that<00:07:56.319> we've<00:07:56.520> gotten at the possibility that we've gotten at the possibility that we've gotten something<00:07:57.440> wrong<00:07:58.440> because<00:07:58.720> according<00:07:59.000> to something wrong because according to something wrong because according to this this this getting<00:08:01.039> something<00:08:01.680> wrong<00:08:02.680> means<00:08:02.960> there's getting something wrong means there's getting something wrong means there's something<00:08:03.520> wrong<00:08:03.759> with something wrong with something wrong with us<00:08:06.400> so<00:08:06.560> we<00:08:06.720> just<00:08:06.919> insist<00:08:07.280> that<00:08:07.479> we're<00:08:07.759> right us so we just insist that we're right us so we just insist that we're right because<00:08:08.879> it<00:08:09.000> makes<00:08:09.159> us<00:08:09.319> feel<00:08:09.560> smart<00:08:10.000> and because it makes us feel smart and because it makes us feel smart and responsible<00:08:11.080> and<00:08:11.360> virtuous<00:08:12.039> and responsible and virtuous and responsible and virtuous and safe<00:08:14.639> so<00:08:14.759> let<00:08:14.879> me<00:08:14.960> tell<00:08:15.080> you<00:08:15.159> a safe so let me tell you a safe so let me tell you a story<00:08:16.879> a<00:08:16.960> couple<00:08:17.159> of<00:08:17.280> years<00:08:17.479> ago<00:08:17.960> a<00:08:18.199> woman story a couple of years ago a woman story a couple of years ago a woman comes<00:08:18.840> into<00:08:19.479> Beth<00:08:19.720> Israel<00:08:20.039> deonis<00:08:20.440> Medical comes into Beth Israel deonis Medical comes into Beth Israel deonis Medical Center<00:08:21.000> for<00:08:21.159> a<00:08:21.280> surgery<00:08:22.280> Beth<00:08:22.479> Israel<00:08:22.800> is<00:08:22.879> in Center for a surgery Beth Israel is in Center for a surgery Beth Israel is in Boston<00:08:23.280> it's<00:08:23.479> the<00:08:23.560> teaching<00:08:23.879> hospital<00:08:24.199> for Boston it's the teaching hospital for Boston it's the teaching hospital for Harvard<00:08:25.039> one<00:08:25.199> of<00:08:25.280> the<00:08:25.400> best<00:08:25.599> hospitals<00:08:25.960> in<00:08:26.080> the Harvard one of the best hospitals in the Harvard one of the best hospitals in the country<00:08:27.520> so<00:08:27.720> this<00:08:27.840> woman<00:08:28.039> comes<00:08:28.280> in<00:08:28.560> and<00:08:28.720> she's country so this woman comes in and she's country so this woman comes in and she's taken<00:08:29.199> into<00:08:29.560> the<00:08:29.639> operating<00:08:30.080> room<00:08:30.759> she's taken into the operating room she's taken into the operating room she's anesthetized<00:08:32.279> the<00:08:32.399> surgeon<00:08:32.719> does<00:08:32.919> his<00:08:33.120> thing anesthetized the surgeon does his thing anesthetized the surgeon does his thing stitches<00:08:33.760> her<00:08:33.919> back<00:08:34.120> up<00:08:34.599> sends<00:08:34.839> her<00:08:34.959> out<00:08:35.039> to stitches her back up sends her out to stitches her back up sends her out to the<00:08:35.240> recovery<00:08:35.599> room<00:08:36.399> everything<00:08:36.640> seems<00:08:36.839> to the recovery room everything seems to the recovery room everything seems to have<00:08:37.039> gone<00:08:37.399> fine<00:08:38.399> and<00:08:38.479> she<00:08:38.640> wakes<00:08:38.919> up<00:08:39.640> and<00:08:39.760> she have gone fine and she wakes up and she have gone fine and she wakes up and she looks<00:08:40.120> down<00:08:40.279> at<00:08:40.440> herself<00:08:41.039> and<00:08:41.200> she looks down at herself and she looks down at herself and she says<00:08:43.159> why<00:08:43.320> is<00:08:43.440> the<00:08:43.599> wrong<00:08:43.800> side<00:08:43.959> of<00:08:44.080> my<00:08:44.240> body<00:08:44.480> in says why is the wrong side of my body in says why is the wrong side of my body in bandages<00:08:46.399> well<00:08:46.560> the<00:08:46.680> wrong<00:08:46.839> side<00:08:46.959> of<00:08:47.040> her<00:08:47.200> body bandages well the wrong side of her body bandages well the wrong side of her body is<00:08:47.519> in<00:08:47.680> bandages<00:08:48.320> because<00:08:48.480> the<00:08:48.640> surgeon<00:08:49.000> has is in bandages because the surgeon has is in bandages because the surgeon has performed<00:08:49.519> a<00:08:49.600> major<00:08:49.959> operation<00:08:50.480> on<00:08:50.600> her<00:08:50.839> left performed a major operation on her left performed a major operation on her left leg<00:08:51.399> instead<00:08:51.680> of<00:08:51.760> her<00:08:51.959> right leg instead of her right leg instead of her right one<00:08:54.760> when<00:08:54.959> the<00:08:55.160> vice<00:08:55.519> president<00:08:56.040> for one when the vice president for one when the vice president for healthcare<00:08:56.720> quality<00:08:57.160> at<00:08:57.360> Beth<00:08:57.560> Israel<00:08:58.120> spoke healthcare quality at Beth Israel spoke healthcare quality at Beth Israel spoke about<00:08:58.760> this<00:08:58.920> incident about this incident about this incident he<00:09:00.800> said<00:09:01.079> something<00:09:01.480> very he said something very he said something very interesting<00:09:03.519> he<00:09:03.959> said<00:09:04.959> for<00:09:05.200> whatever interesting he said for whatever interesting he said for whatever reason<00:09:07.399> the<00:09:07.519> surgeon<00:09:07.959> simply<00:09:08.360> felt<00:09:08.800> that<00:09:08.920> he reason the surgeon simply felt that he reason the surgeon simply felt that he was<00:09:09.200> on<00:09:09.320> the<00:09:09.440> correct<00:09:09.920> side<00:09:10.200> of<00:09:10.360> the was on the correct side of the was on the correct side of the patient<00:09:13.440> the<00:09:13.600> point<00:09:13.800> of<00:09:14.000> this patient the point of this patient the point of this story<00:09:15.959> is<00:09:16.120> that<00:09:16.360> trusting<00:09:17.000> too<00:09:17.360> much<00:09:17.800> in<00:09:17.959> the story is that trusting too much in the story is that trusting too much in the feeling<00:09:18.920> of<00:09:19.120> being<00:09:19.360> on<00:09:19.519> the<00:09:19.680> correct feeling of being on the correct feeling of being on the correct side<00:09:21.760> of side of side of anything<00:09:24.160> can<00:09:24.320> be<00:09:24.519> very anything can be very anything can be very dangerous<00:09:26.839> this<00:09:27.360> internal<00:09:28.200> sense<00:09:28.600> of dangerous this internal sense of dangerous this internal sense of rightness<00:09:29.120> that<00:09:29.399> we<00:09:29.519> all<00:09:29.800> experience<00:09:30.320> so rightness that we all experience so rightness that we all experience so often<00:09:31.640> is<00:09:31.839> not<00:09:32.000> a<00:09:32.160> reliable<00:09:32.680> guide<00:09:32.839> to<00:09:33.000> what<00:09:33.079> is often is not a reliable guide to what is often is not a reliable guide to what is actually<00:09:33.680> going<00:09:33.920> on<00:09:34.160> in<00:09:34.279> the<00:09:34.440> external<00:09:35.240> world actually going on in the external world actually going on in the external world and<00:09:36.360> when<00:09:36.519> we<00:09:36.720> act<00:09:36.959> like<00:09:37.120> it<00:09:37.279> is<00:09:38.279> and<00:09:38.399> we<00:09:38.560> stop and when we act like it is and we stop and when we act like it is and we stop entertaining<00:09:39.360> the<00:09:39.560> possibility<00:09:40.079> that<00:09:40.160> we entertaining the possibility that we entertaining the possibility that we could<00:09:40.440> be could be could be wrong<00:09:42.399> well<00:09:42.519> you<00:09:42.600> know<00:09:42.760> that's<00:09:42.880> when<00:09:43.000> we<00:09:43.160> wind wrong well you know that's when we wind wrong well you know that's when we wind up<00:09:43.480> doing<00:09:43.680> things<00:09:43.880> like<00:09:44.000> dumping<00:09:44.560> 200<00:09:44.839> million up doing things like dumping 200 million up doing things like dumping 200 million gallons<00:09:45.519> of<00:09:45.640> oil<00:09:45.880> into<00:09:46.040> the<00:09:46.120> Gulf<00:09:46.360> of gallons of oil into the Gulf of gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico<00:09:48.200> or<00:09:48.399> torpedoing<00:09:48.959> the<00:09:49.079> global Mexico or torpedoing the global Mexico or torpedoing the global economy<00:09:52.200> so<00:09:52.399> this<00:09:52.480> is<00:09:52.600> a<00:09:52.839> huge<00:09:53.200> practical economy so this is a huge practical economy so this is a huge practical problem<00:09:55.519> but<00:09:55.640> it's<00:09:55.800> also<00:09:56.000> a<00:09:56.120> huge<00:09:56.360> social problem but it's also a huge social problem but it's also a huge social problem<00:09:58.279> think<00:09:58.480> for<00:09:58.600> a<00:09:58.720> moment<00:09:59.040> about<00:09:59.640> what<00:09:59.800> it problem think for a moment about what it problem think for a moment about what it means<00:10:00.320> to<00:10:00.480> feel<00:10:01.320> right<00:10:02.320> it<00:10:02.399> means<00:10:02.680> that<00:10:02.839> you means to feel right it means that you means to feel right it means that you think<00:10:03.519> that<00:10:03.720> your<00:10:04.079> beliefs<00:10:04.640> just<00:10:05.040> perfectly think that your beliefs just perfectly think that your beliefs just perfectly reflect reflect reflect reality<00:10:07.920> and<00:10:08.040> when<00:10:08.160> you<00:10:08.240> feel<00:10:08.560> that<00:10:08.760> way reality and when you feel that way reality and when you feel that way you've<00:10:09.760> got<00:10:09.880> a<00:10:10.079> problem<00:10:10.360> to<00:10:10.640> solve<00:10:11.640> which<00:10:11.760> is you've got a problem to solve which is you've got a problem to solve which is how<00:10:12.120> are<00:10:12.240> you<00:10:12.320> going<00:10:12.440> to<00:10:12.640> explain<00:10:13.440> all<00:10:13.600> of how are you going to explain all of how are you going to explain all of those<00:10:14.079> people<00:10:14.399> who<00:10:14.560> disagree<00:10:15.000> with those people who disagree with those people who disagree with you<00:10:17.079> it<00:10:17.200> turns<00:10:17.440> out<00:10:17.640> most<00:10:17.800> of<00:10:17.959> us<00:10:18.120> explain you it turns out most of us explain you it turns out most of us explain those<00:10:18.640> people<00:10:18.920> the<00:10:19.040> same<00:10:19.279> way<00:10:19.959> by<00:10:20.079> resorting those people the same way by resorting those people the same way by resorting to<00:10:20.640> A<00:10:20.920> Series<00:10:21.240> of<00:10:21.440> Unfortunate<00:10:22.480> assumptions to A Series of Unfortunate assumptions to A Series of Unfortunate assumptions the<00:10:23.560> first<00:10:23.760> thing<00:10:23.880> we<00:10:24.000> usually<00:10:24.320> do<00:10:24.560> when the first thing we usually do when the first thing we usually do when someone<00:10:25.000> disagrees<00:10:25.440> with<00:10:25.600> us<00:10:26.519> is<00:10:26.680> we<00:10:26.880> just someone disagrees with us is we just someone disagrees with us is we just assume<00:10:27.360> they're<00:10:28.079> ignorant<00:10:29.079> you<00:10:29.200> know<00:10:29.279> you assume they're ignorant you know you assume they're ignorant you know you know<00:10:29.440> they<00:10:29.519> don't<00:10:29.680> they<00:10:29.760> don't<00:10:29.920> have<00:10:30.160> access know they don't they don't have access know they don't they don't have access to<00:10:30.600> the<00:10:30.720> same<00:10:30.959> information<00:10:31.440> that<00:10:31.560> we<00:10:31.680> do<00:10:31.959> and to the same information that we do and to the same information that we do and when<00:10:32.240> we<00:10:32.720> generously<00:10:33.240> share<00:10:33.600> that when we generously share that when we generously share that information<00:10:34.240> with<00:10:34.399> them<00:10:34.800> they're<00:10:34.959> going<00:10:35.040> to information with them they're going to information with them they're going to see<00:10:35.320> the<00:10:35.440> light<00:10:35.639> and<00:10:35.760> come<00:10:35.880> on<00:10:36.000> over<00:10:36.160> to<00:10:36.279> our see the light and come on over to our see the light and come on over to our team<00:10:38.440> when<00:10:38.600> that<00:10:38.760> doesn't<00:10:39.200> work<00:10:40.200> when<00:10:40.320> it team when that doesn't work when it team when that doesn't work when it turns<00:10:40.639> out<00:10:40.839> those<00:10:40.959> people<00:10:41.160> have<00:10:41.320> all<00:10:41.480> the<00:10:41.600> same turns out those people have all the same turns out those people have all the same facts<00:10:42.079> that<00:10:42.200> we<00:10:42.320> do<00:10:42.480> and<00:10:42.560> they<00:10:42.720> still<00:10:42.920> disagree facts that we do and they still disagree facts that we do and they still disagree with<00:10:43.600> us<00:10:44.600> then<00:10:44.720> we<00:10:44.839> move<00:10:45.000> on<00:10:45.120> to<00:10:45.279> a<00:10:45.399> second with us then we move on to a second with us then we move on to a second assumption<00:10:47.040> which<00:10:47.160> is<00:10:47.279> that<00:10:47.399> they're assumption which is that they're assumption which is that they're idiots<00:10:50.279> they<00:10:50.399> have<00:10:50.519> all<00:10:50.639> the<00:10:50.800> right<00:10:50.959> pieces<00:10:51.160> of idiots they have all the right pieces of idiots they have all the right pieces of the<00:10:51.399> puzzle<00:10:51.680> and<00:10:51.800> they<00:10:51.880> are<00:10:52.000> too<00:10:52.160> moronic<00:10:52.600> to the puzzle and they are too moronic to the puzzle and they are too moronic to put<00:10:52.839> them<00:10:53.040> together put them together put them together correctly<00:10:56.000> and<00:10:56.120> when<00:10:56.320> that<00:10:56.480> doesn't<00:10:57.040> work correctly and when that doesn't work correctly and when that doesn't work when<00:10:58.160> it<00:10:58.279> turns<00:10:58.560> out<00:10:58.720> that<00:10:58.839> people<00:10:59.000> who when it turns out that people who when it turns out that people who disagree<00:10:59.680> with<00:10:59.839> us<00:11:00.560> have<00:11:00.720> all<00:11:00.880> the<00:11:01.000> same<00:11:01.279> facts disagree with us have all the same facts disagree with us have all the same facts we<00:11:01.959> do<00:11:02.959> and<00:11:03.079> are<00:11:03.320> actually<00:11:03.680> pretty we do and are actually pretty we do and are actually pretty smart<00:11:05.720> then<00:11:05.839> we<00:11:05.959> move<00:11:06.120> on<00:11:06.240> to<00:11:06.320> a<00:11:06.440> third

assumption<00:11:10.000> they<00:11:10.120> know<00:11:10.360> the<00:11:10.560> truth<00:11:11.560> and<00:11:11.720> they assumption they know the truth and they assumption they know the truth and they are<00:11:12.040> deliberately<00:11:12.639> distorting<00:11:13.120> it<00:11:13.240> for<00:11:13.399> their are deliberately distorting it for their are deliberately distorting it for their own<00:11:13.720> malevolent

purposes<00:11:17.560> so<00:11:17.880> this<00:11:18.000> is<00:11:18.120> a purposes so this is a purposes so this is a catastrophe<00:11:19.839> this<00:11:20.399> attachment<00:11:21.000> to<00:11:21.160> our<00:11:21.320> own catastrophe this attachment to our own catastrophe this attachment to our own rightness<00:11:22.639> keeps<00:11:22.920> us<00:11:23.120> from<00:11:23.360> preventing rightness keeps us from preventing rightness keeps us from preventing mistakes<00:11:24.240> when<00:11:24.399> we<00:11:24.560> absolutely<00:11:25.040> need<00:11:25.639> to<00:11:26.639> and mistakes when we absolutely need to and mistakes when we absolutely need to and causes<00:11:27.120> us<00:11:27.240> to<00:11:27.399> treat<00:11:27.639> each<00:11:27.800> other<00:11:28.320> terribly causes us to treat each other terribly causes us to treat each other terribly but<00:11:30.440> you<00:11:30.560> know<00:11:30.720> to<00:11:30.920> me<00:11:31.279> what's<00:11:31.760> most<00:11:32.760> baffling but you know to me what's most baffling but you know to me what's most baffling and<00:11:33.560> most<00:11:34.079> tragic<00:11:35.079> about<00:11:35.440> this<00:11:36.279> is<00:11:36.399> that<00:11:36.519> it and most tragic about this is that it and most tragic about this is that it misses<00:11:36.920> the<00:11:37.040> whole<00:11:37.360> point<00:11:37.600> of<00:11:37.760> Being<00:11:38.200> Human misses the whole point of Being Human misses the whole point of Being Human you<00:11:39.279> know<00:11:39.399> it's<00:11:39.560> like<00:11:39.680> we<00:11:39.760> want<00:11:39.880> to<00:11:40.079> imagine you know it's like we want to imagine you know it's like we want to imagine that<00:11:40.839> our<00:11:41.120> minds<00:11:41.480> are<00:11:41.680> just<00:11:41.800> these<00:11:42.360> perfectly that our minds are just these perfectly that our minds are just these perfectly translucent<00:11:43.880> windows<00:11:44.279> and<00:11:44.399> we<00:11:44.519> just<00:11:44.680> kind<00:11:44.800> of translucent windows and we just kind of translucent windows and we just kind of gaze<00:11:45.600> out<00:11:45.760> of<00:11:45.959> them<00:11:46.160> and<00:11:46.399> describe<00:11:47.040> the<00:11:47.200> world gaze out of them and describe the world gaze out of them and describe the world as<00:11:47.639> it<00:11:48.279> unfolds<00:11:49.279> and<00:11:49.399> we<00:11:49.519> want<00:11:49.720> everybody<00:11:50.040> else as it unfolds and we want everybody else as it unfolds and we want everybody else to<00:11:50.399> gaze<00:11:50.600> out<00:11:50.680> of<00:11:50.800> the<00:11:50.880> same<00:11:51.040> window<00:11:51.279> and<00:11:51.399> see to gaze out of the same window and see to gaze out of the same window and see the<00:11:51.680> exact<00:11:51.920> same the exact same the exact same thing<00:11:54.160> that<00:11:54.279> is<00:11:54.440> not<00:11:54.639> true<00:11:54.880> and<00:11:55.040> if<00:11:55.160> it<00:11:55.279> were thing that is not true and if it were thing that is not true and if it were life<00:11:55.880> would<00:11:56.000> be<00:11:56.200> incredibly life would be incredibly life would be incredibly boring<00:11:58.880> the<00:11:59.279> Miracle<00:11:59.800> of<00:12:00.040> your boring the Miracle of your boring the Miracle of your mind<00:12:02.000> isn't<00:12:02.320> that<00:12:02.440> you<00:12:02.560> can<00:12:02.720> see<00:12:02.920> the<00:12:03.079> world<00:12:03.360> as mind isn't that you can see the world as mind isn't that you can see the world as it it it is<00:12:05.600> it's<00:12:05.720> that<00:12:05.880> you<00:12:05.959> can<00:12:06.079> see<00:12:06.320> the<00:12:06.440> world<00:12:06.720> as<00:12:06.839> it is it's that you can see the world as it is it's that you can see the world as it isn't<00:12:09.399> we<00:12:09.519> can<00:12:09.720> remember<00:12:10.120> the isn't we can remember the isn't we can remember the past<00:12:11.920> and<00:12:12.040> we<00:12:12.160> can<00:12:12.320> think<00:12:12.480> about<00:12:12.680> the past and we can think about the past and we can think about the future<00:12:14.399> and<00:12:14.519> we<00:12:14.639> can<00:12:14.839> imagine<00:12:15.680> what<00:12:15.800> it's<00:12:16.000> like future and we can imagine what it's like future and we can imagine what it's like to<00:12:16.320> be<00:12:16.519> some<00:12:16.760> other<00:12:17.040> person<00:12:17.399> in<00:12:17.600> some<00:12:17.839> other to be some other person in some other to be some other person in some other place<00:12:19.800> and<00:12:19.920> we<00:12:20.040> all<00:12:20.160> do<00:12:20.320> this<00:12:20.440> a<00:12:20.560> little place and we all do this a little place and we all do this a little differently<00:12:21.880> which<00:12:22.040> is<00:12:22.160> why<00:12:22.279> we<00:12:22.399> can<00:12:22.519> all<00:12:22.680> look differently which is why we can all look differently which is why we can all look up<00:12:23.000> at<00:12:23.120> the<00:12:23.279> same<00:12:23.480> night<00:12:23.760> sky<00:12:24.120> and<00:12:24.240> see<00:12:25.079> this up at the same night sky and see this up at the same night sky and see this and<00:12:26.240> also and also and also this<00:12:28.240> and<00:12:28.399> also<00:12:28.760> this this and also this this and also this and<00:12:31.120> yeah<00:12:31.240> you<00:12:31.360> know<00:12:31.480> it<00:12:31.560> is<00:12:31.760> also<00:12:31.959> why<00:12:32.079> we<00:12:32.199> get and yeah you know it is also why we get and yeah you know it is also why we get things things things wrong<00:12:34.720> 12200<00:12:35.360> years<00:12:35.720> before<00:12:36.120> dayart<00:12:36.639> said<00:12:36.839> his wrong 12200 years before dayart said his wrong 12200 years before dayart said his famous<00:12:37.360> thing<00:12:37.560> about<00:12:37.760> I<00:12:37.880> think<00:12:38.079> therefore<00:12:38.399> I famous thing about I think therefore I famous thing about I think therefore I am<00:12:39.079> this<00:12:39.240> guy<00:12:39.440> St<00:12:39.680> Augustine<00:12:40.199> sat<00:12:40.440> down<00:12:40.639> and am this guy St Augustine sat down and am this guy St Augustine sat down and wrote<00:12:41.240> fer wrote fer wrote fer ergosum<00:12:43.959> I<00:12:44.160> air<00:12:45.160> therefore<00:12:45.480> I ergosum I air therefore I ergosum I air therefore I am<00:12:47.519> Augustine<00:12:48.000> understood<00:12:48.519> that<00:12:49.079> our am Augustine understood that our am Augustine understood that our capacity<00:12:50.040> to<00:12:50.199> screw<00:12:50.600> up<00:12:51.560> it's<00:12:51.680> not<00:12:51.880> some<00:12:52.040> kind capacity to screw up it's not some kind capacity to screw up it's not some kind of<00:12:52.560> you<00:12:52.680> know<00:12:52.839> embarrassing<00:12:53.680> defect<00:12:54.279> in<00:12:54.399> the of you know embarrassing defect in the of you know embarrassing defect in the human<00:12:54.959> system<00:12:55.959> something<00:12:56.240> we<00:12:56.360> can<00:12:56.560> eradicate human system something we can eradicate human system something we can eradicate or or or overcome<00:12:58.920> it's<00:12:59.320> totally<00:12:59.639> fundamental<00:13:00.120> to<00:13:00.279> who overcome it's totally fundamental to who overcome it's totally fundamental to who we<00:13:00.760> are<00:13:01.760> because<00:13:02.040> unlike<00:13:02.519> God<00:13:03.519> we<00:13:03.639> don't we are because unlike God we don't we are because unlike God we don't really<00:13:04.000> know<00:13:04.240> what's<00:13:04.480> going<00:13:04.680> on<00:13:04.959> out really know what's going on out really know what's going on out there<00:13:06.880> and<00:13:07.120> unlike<00:13:07.560> all<00:13:07.839> of<00:13:08.000> the<00:13:08.120> other there and unlike all of the other there and unlike all of the other animals<00:13:09.800> we<00:13:09.920> are<00:13:10.199> obsessed<00:13:11.000> with<00:13:11.160> trying<00:13:11.360> to animals we are obsessed with trying to animals we are obsessed with trying to figure<00:13:11.760> it figure it figure it out<00:13:13.880> to<00:13:14.079> me<00:13:14.320> this<00:13:14.600> obsession<00:13:15.560> is<00:13:15.760> the<00:13:16.000> source out to me this obsession is the source out to me this obsession is the source and<00:13:16.800> root<00:13:17.320> of<00:13:17.560> all<00:13:17.880> of<00:13:18.040> our<00:13:18.279> productivity<00:13:18.920> and and root of all of our productivity and and root of all of our productivity and creativity<00:13:21.199> you<00:13:21.320> know<00:13:21.760> last<00:13:22.040> year<00:13:22.560> for creativity you know last year for creativity you know last year for various<00:13:23.040> reasons<00:13:23.440> I<00:13:23.519> found<00:13:23.720> myself<00:13:23.959> listening various reasons I found myself listening various reasons I found myself listening to<00:13:24.399> a<00:13:24.480> lot<00:13:24.560> of<00:13:24.720> episodes<00:13:25.120> of<00:13:25.279> the<00:13:25.519> public<00:13:25.839> radio to a lot of episodes of the public radio to a lot of episodes of the public radio show<00:13:26.399> This<00:13:26.560> American<00:13:27.000> Life<00:13:27.480> I'm<00:13:27.600> sure<00:13:27.720> a<00:13:27.800> lot show This American Life I'm sure a lot show This American Life I'm sure a lot of<00:13:28.000> you<00:13:28.120> know<00:13:28.240> it<00:13:29.440> and<00:13:29.639> so<00:13:29.760> I'm<00:13:29.880> listening<00:13:30.199> and of you know it and so I'm listening and of you know it and so I'm listening and I'm<00:13:30.440> listening<00:13:30.839> and<00:13:31.519> at<00:13:31.680> some<00:13:31.839> point<00:13:32.199> I<00:13:32.320> start I'm listening and at some point I start I'm listening and at some point I start feeling<00:13:33.240> like<00:13:34.000> all<00:13:34.199> the<00:13:34.399> stories<00:13:34.760> are<00:13:34.959> about feeling like all the stories are about feeling like all the stories are about being being being wrong<00:13:37.399> and<00:13:37.560> my<00:13:37.680> first<00:13:37.959> thought wrong and my first thought wrong and my first thought was<00:13:39.800> I've<00:13:40.000> lost<00:13:40.279> it<00:13:41.199> you<00:13:41.279> know<00:13:41.399> I've<00:13:41.519> become was I've lost it you know I've become was I've lost it you know I've become the<00:13:41.839> crazy<00:13:42.120> wrongness<00:13:42.600> lady<00:13:42.839> I<00:13:42.959> just<00:13:43.120> imagine the crazy wrongness lady I just imagine the crazy wrongness lady I just imagine it it it everywhere<00:13:45.560> which<00:13:45.760> has<00:13:45.920> happened<00:13:46.839> but<00:13:47.839> but<00:13:47.959> a everywhere which has happened but but a everywhere which has happened but but a couple<00:13:48.199> of<00:13:48.320> months<00:13:48.480> later<00:13:48.680> I<00:13:48.800> actually<00:13:48.959> had<00:13:49.040> a couple of months later I actually had a couple of months later I actually had a chance<00:13:49.480> to<00:13:49.760> interview<00:13:50.160> Ira<00:13:50.440> Glass<00:13:50.720> who's<00:13:50.880> the chance to interview Ira Glass who's the chance to interview Ira Glass who's the host<00:13:51.160> of<00:13:51.279> the<00:13:51.360> show<00:13:51.920> and<00:13:52.040> I<00:13:52.120> mentioned<00:13:52.480> this<00:13:52.600> to host of the show and I mentioned this to host of the show and I mentioned this to him<00:13:53.360> and<00:13:53.480> he<00:13:53.560> was<00:13:53.759> like<00:13:54.160> no<00:13:54.360> you<00:13:54.440> know<00:13:54.680> actually him and he was like no you know actually him and he was like no you know actually that's that's that's true<00:13:57.240> in<00:13:57.399> fact<00:13:57.639> he<00:13:58.040> says<00:13:59.120> as<00:13:59.199> a<00:13:59.360> staff<00:13:59.639> we<00:13:59.800> joke true in fact he says as a staff we joke true in fact he says as a staff we joke that<00:14:00.560> every<00:14:00.800> single<00:14:01.160> episode<00:14:01.519> of<00:14:01.639> our<00:14:01.800> show that every single episode of our show that every single episode of our show has<00:14:02.839> the<00:14:03.000> same<00:14:03.360> crypto<00:14:04.240> theme<00:14:05.240> and<00:14:05.360> the<00:14:05.480> crypto has the same crypto theme and the crypto has the same crypto theme and the crypto theme<00:14:06.560> is<00:14:07.560> I<00:14:07.680> thought<00:14:07.880> this<00:14:08.040> one<00:14:08.199> thing<00:14:08.360> was theme is I thought this one thing was theme is I thought this one thing was going<00:14:08.560> to going to going to happen<00:14:10.519> and<00:14:10.720> something<00:14:11.000> else<00:14:11.199> happened happen and something else happened happen and something else happened instead<00:14:13.600> and<00:14:13.720> the<00:14:13.880> thing<00:14:14.079> is<00:14:14.360> says<00:14:14.600> irog<00:14:14.959> glass instead and the thing is says irog glass instead and the thing is says irog glass we<00:14:15.800> need<00:14:16.160> this<00:14:16.839> we<00:14:16.959> need<00:14:17.240> these<00:14:17.480> moments<00:14:17.880> of we need this we need these moments of we need this we need these moments of surprise<00:14:19.240> and<00:14:19.440> reversal<00:14:20.079> and<00:14:20.240> wrongness<00:14:20.839> to surprise and reversal and wrongness to surprise and reversal and wrongness to make<00:14:21.199> these<00:14:21.360> stories<00:14:21.920> work<00:14:22.920> and<00:14:23.079> for<00:14:23.199> the<00:14:23.320> rest make these stories work and for the rest make these stories work and for the rest of<00:14:23.680> us<00:14:24.360> as<00:14:24.519> audience<00:14:24.880> members<00:14:25.240> as<00:14:25.360> listeners of us as audience members as listeners of us as audience members as listeners as as as readers<00:14:27.560> we<00:14:27.720> eat<00:14:27.959> this<00:14:28.160> stuff<00:14:28.480> up readers we eat this stuff up readers we eat this stuff up you<00:14:29.720> know<00:14:29.920> we<00:14:30.160> love<00:14:30.639> things<00:14:31.079> like<00:14:31.600> plot<00:14:31.959> twists you know we love things like plot twists you know we love things like plot twists and<00:14:32.600> red<00:14:32.880> herrings<00:14:33.480> and<00:14:33.680> surprise and red herrings and surprise and red herrings and surprise endings<00:14:36.000> when<00:14:36.120> it<00:14:36.240> comes<00:14:36.399> to<00:14:36.560> our endings when it comes to our endings when it comes to our stories<00:14:38.279> we<00:14:38.480> love<00:14:38.800> being stories we love being stories we love being wrong<00:14:41.279> but<00:14:41.399> you<00:14:41.680> know<00:14:42.680> our<00:14:42.959> stories<00:14:43.399> are<00:14:43.639> like wrong but you know our stories are like wrong but you know our stories are like this<00:14:44.040> because<00:14:44.320> our<00:14:44.600> lives<00:14:45.160> are<00:14:45.440> like<00:14:46.040> this<00:14:47.040> we this because our lives are like this we this because our lives are like this we think<00:14:47.360> this<00:14:47.560> one<00:14:47.680> thing<00:14:47.839> is<00:14:47.959> going<00:14:48.040> to think this one thing is going to think this one thing is going to happen<00:14:49.839> and<00:14:50.000> something<00:14:50.279> else<00:14:50.480> happens happen and something else happens happen and something else happens instead<00:14:52.920> George<00:14:53.279> Bush<00:14:53.519> thought<00:14:53.680> he<00:14:53.800> was<00:14:53.920> going instead George Bush thought he was going instead George Bush thought he was going to<00:14:54.440> invade<00:14:54.759> Iraq<00:14:55.199> find<00:14:55.399> a<00:14:55.480> bunch<00:14:55.639> of<00:14:55.759> weapons to invade Iraq find a bunch of weapons to invade Iraq find a bunch of weapons of<00:14:56.160> mass<00:14:56.360> destruction<00:14:56.839> Liberate<00:14:57.160> the<00:14:57.279> people of mass destruction Liberate the people of mass destruction Liberate the people and<00:14:57.560> bring<00:14:57.759> democracy<00:14:58.160> to<00:14:58.279> the<00:14:58.360> Middle<00:14:58.600> East and bring democracy to the Middle East and bring democracy to the Middle East and<00:15:00.800> something<00:15:01.079> else<00:15:01.279> happened and something else happened and something else happened instead<00:15:03.800> and<00:15:03.959> hosy<00:15:04.320> Mubarak<00:15:05.040> thought<00:15:05.199> he<00:15:05.279> was instead and hosy Mubarak thought he was instead and hosy Mubarak thought he was going<00:15:05.519> to<00:15:05.600> be<00:15:05.720> the<00:15:05.839> dictator<00:15:06.240> of<00:15:06.360> Egypt<00:15:06.639> for going to be the dictator of Egypt for going to be the dictator of Egypt for the<00:15:06.880> rest<00:15:07.120> of<00:15:07.240> his<00:15:07.399> life<00:15:07.600> until<00:15:07.800> he<00:15:07.920> got<00:15:08.079> too the rest of his life until he got too the rest of his life until he got too old<00:15:08.480> or<00:15:08.639> too<00:15:08.839> sick<00:15:09.079> and<00:15:09.199> could<00:15:09.360> pass<00:15:09.560> the old or too sick and could pass the old or too sick and could pass the Reigns<00:15:09.880> of<00:15:10.040> power<00:15:10.240> onto<00:15:10.560> his Reigns of power onto his Reigns of power onto his son<00:15:13.160> and<00:15:13.320> something<00:15:13.600> else<00:15:13.800> happened son and something else happened son and something else happened instead<00:15:16.480> and<00:15:16.639> maybe<00:15:16.880> you<00:15:17.040> thought<00:15:17.240> you<00:15:17.320> were instead and maybe you thought you were instead and maybe you thought you were going<00:15:17.680> to<00:15:18.680> grow<00:15:18.959> up<00:15:19.199> and<00:15:19.320> marry<00:15:19.600> your<00:15:19.759> high going to grow up and marry your high going to grow up and marry your high school<00:15:20.079> sweetheart<00:15:20.519> and<00:15:20.639> move<00:15:20.880> back<00:15:21.000> to<00:15:21.120> your school sweetheart and move back to your school sweetheart and move back to your hometown<00:15:21.680> and<00:15:21.839> raise<00:15:22.000> a<00:15:22.079> bunch<00:15:22.240> of<00:15:22.360> kids hometown and raise a bunch of kids hometown and raise a bunch of kids together<00:15:24.440> and<00:15:24.600> something<00:15:24.880> else<00:15:25.079> happened together and something else happened together and something else happened instead<00:15:28.000> and<00:15:28.120> I<00:15:28.279> have<00:15:28.399> to<00:15:28.519> tell<00:15:28.639> you<00:15:28.800> that instead and I have to tell you that instead and I have to tell you that I<00:15:29.880> thought<00:15:30.040> I<00:15:30.120> was<00:15:30.319> writing<00:15:30.560> an<00:15:30.759> incredibly I thought I was writing an incredibly I thought I was writing an incredibly nerdy<00:15:31.880> book<00:15:32.079> about<00:15:32.279> a<00:15:32.399> subject<00:15:32.759> everybody nerdy book about a subject everybody nerdy book about a subject everybody hates<00:15:33.560> for<00:15:33.720> an<00:15:33.839> audience<00:15:34.160> that<00:15:34.240> would<00:15:34.360> never hates for an audience that would never hates for an audience that would never materialize<00:15:37.120> and<00:15:37.279> something<00:15:37.519> else<00:15:37.720> happened materialize and something else happened materialize and something else happened instead<00:15:40.880> I<00:15:40.959> mean<00:15:41.120> this<00:15:41.240> is<00:15:41.800> life<00:15:42.800> you<00:15:42.920> know<00:15:43.079> for instead I mean this is life you know for instead I mean this is life you know for good<00:15:43.600> and<00:15:43.759> for<00:15:44.120> ill<00:15:45.120> we<00:15:45.319> generate<00:15:45.720> these good and for ill we generate these good and for ill we generate these incredible<00:15:46.800> stories<00:15:47.279> about<00:15:47.480> the<00:15:47.600> world incredible stories about the world incredible stories about the world around around around us<00:15:49.839> and<00:15:49.959> then<00:15:50.079> the<00:15:50.160> world<00:15:50.360> turns<00:15:50.600> around<00:15:50.800> and us and then the world turns around and us and then the world turns around and astonishes astonishes astonishes us<00:15:53.680> I us I us I mean<00:15:55.920> no<00:15:56.120> offense<00:15:56.560> but<00:15:56.959> this<00:15:57.120> entire mean no offense but this entire mean no offense but this entire conference<00:15:58.560> isn't<00:15:59.079> unbelievable<00:15:59.759> Monument conference isn't unbelievable Monument conference isn't unbelievable Monument to<00:16:00.360> our<00:16:00.680> capacity<00:16:01.079> to<00:16:01.199> get<00:16:01.360> stuff to our capacity to get stuff to our capacity to get stuff wrong<00:16:03.199> we<00:16:03.319> just<00:16:03.440> spent<00:16:03.720> an<00:16:03.880> entire<00:16:04.319> week wrong we just spent an entire week wrong we just spent an entire week talking<00:16:05.079> about<00:16:05.639> Innovations<00:16:06.360> and talking about Innovations and talking about Innovations and advancements<00:16:07.360> and<00:16:07.600> improvements<00:16:08.600> but<00:16:09.240> you advancements and improvements but you advancements and improvements but you know<00:16:09.519> why<00:16:09.680> we<00:16:09.800> need<00:16:10.160> all<00:16:10.279> of<00:16:10.440> those know why we need all of those know why we need all of those Innovations<00:16:11.040> and<00:16:11.199> advancements<00:16:11.680> and Innovations and advancements and Innovations and advancements and improvements<00:16:13.480> because<00:16:13.880> half<00:16:14.160> the<00:16:14.360> stuff<00:16:14.880> that improvements because half the stuff that improvements because half the stuff that seem<00:16:15.360> most<00:16:16.040> mindboggling<00:16:16.920> and<00:16:17.079> World seem most mindboggling and World seem most mindboggling and World altering<00:16:17.839> it<00:16:18.079> you<00:16:18.199> know<00:16:18.560> Ted

1998<00:16:26.519> didn't<00:16:26.759> really<00:16:26.959> work<00:16:27.120> out<00:16:27.360> that<00:16:27.480> way<00:16:27.680> did 1998 didn't really work out that way did 1998 didn't really work out that way did it it it like<00:16:31.079> where's<00:16:31.319> my<00:16:31.519> Jetpack

Chris<00:16:43.399> so<00:16:43.639> here<00:16:43.759> we<00:16:43.880> are<00:16:44.360> again<00:16:45.360> and<00:16:45.480> that's Chris so here we are again and that's Chris so here we are again and that's how<00:16:45.800> it how it how it goes<00:16:47.720> we<00:16:47.880> come<00:16:48.040> up<00:16:48.199> with<00:16:48.319> another goes we come up with another goes we come up with another idea<00:16:50.240> we<00:16:50.399> tell<00:16:50.639> another idea we tell another idea we tell another story<00:16:52.920> we<00:16:53.079> hold<00:16:53.279> another story we hold another story we hold another conference<00:16:55.839> the<00:16:56.000> theme<00:16:56.199> of<00:16:56.319> this<00:16:56.440> one<00:16:56.639> as<00:16:56.759> you conference the theme of this one as you conference the theme of this one as you guys<00:16:57.040> have<00:16:57.160> now<00:16:57.279> heard<00:16:57.519> seven<00:16:57.839> million<00:16:58.279> times guys have now heard seven million times guys have now heard seven million times is<00:16:59.480> the<00:16:59.600> rediscovery<00:17:00.199> of is the rediscovery of is the rediscovery of Wonder<00:17:02.160> and<00:17:02.279> to<00:17:02.639> me<00:17:03.639> if<00:17:03.759> you<00:17:04.039> really<00:17:04.640> want<00:17:04.839> to Wonder and to me if you really want to Wonder and to me if you really want to ReDiscover<00:17:05.959> wonder<00:17:06.959> you<00:17:07.079> need<00:17:07.240> to<00:17:07.400> step ReDiscover wonder you need to step ReDiscover wonder you need to step outside<00:17:08.360> of<00:17:08.600> that<00:17:09.079> tiny<00:17:10.079> terrified<00:17:11.000> space<00:17:11.600> of outside of that tiny terrified space of outside of that tiny terrified space of rightness<00:17:14.360> and<00:17:14.520> look<00:17:14.720> around<00:17:15.160> at<00:17:15.360> each rightness and look around at each rightness and look around at each other<00:17:17.520> and<00:17:17.679> look<00:17:18.079> out<00:17:19.079> at<00:17:19.280> the<00:17:19.799> vastness<00:17:20.640> and other and look out at the vastness and other and look out at the vastness and complexity<00:17:22.760> and<00:17:23.079> mystery<00:17:23.799> of<00:17:23.959> the complexity and mystery of the complexity and mystery of the universe<00:17:26.280> and<00:17:26.400> be<00:17:26.559> able<00:17:26.799> to universe and be able to universe and be able to say say say wow<00:17:31.120> I<00:17:31.200> don't wow I don't wow I don't know<00:17:33.559> maybe<00:17:33.880> I'm know maybe I'm know maybe I'm wrong<00:17:35.799> thank

you<00:17:41.480> thank<00:17:41.679> you

guys

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