Tầm nhìn của cây-Michael Pollan

A plant's-eye view - Michael Pollan

Autoscroll:

it's<00:00:15.980> a<00:00:16.070> simple<00:00:16.370> idea<00:00:16.490> about<00:00:16.760> nature<00:00:17.090> and<00:00:17.180> I it's a simple idea about nature and I it's a simple idea about nature and I want<00:00:17.390> to<00:00:17.450> I<00:00:17.480> want<00:00:17.750> to<00:00:17.780> say<00:00:17.990> a<00:00:18.020> word<00:00:18.110> for<00:00:18.560> nature want to I want to say a word for nature want to I want to say a word for nature because<00:00:19.070> we<00:00:19.100> haven't<00:00:19.279> talked<00:00:19.520> that<00:00:19.610> much because we haven't talked that much because we haven't talked that much about<00:00:20.150> it<00:00:20.360> the<00:00:21.110> last<00:00:21.320> couple<00:00:21.619> days<00:00:21.710> I<00:00:21.770> want<00:00:22.040> to about it the last couple days I want to about it the last couple days I want to say<00:00:22.250> a<00:00:22.279> word<00:00:22.430> for<00:00:22.490> the<00:00:22.700> soil<00:00:23.060> and<00:00:23.330> the<00:00:23.810> bees<00:00:24.170> the say a word for the soil and the bees the say a word for the soil and the bees the plants<00:00:25.460> and<00:00:25.580> the<00:00:25.640> animals<00:00:25.840> and<00:00:27.340> tell<00:00:28.340> you plants and the animals and tell you plants and the animals and tell you about<00:00:28.580> a<00:00:28.700> tool<00:00:29.000> a<00:00:29.360> very<00:00:29.660> simple<00:00:30.080> tool<00:00:30.320> that<00:00:30.650> I about a tool a very simple tool that I about a tool a very simple tool that I have<00:00:30.920> found<00:00:31.870> although<00:00:32.870> it's<00:00:33.260> really<00:00:33.590> nothing have found although it's really nothing have found although it's really nothing more<00:00:34.040> than<00:00:34.100> a<00:00:34.280> literary<00:00:34.550> conceit<00:00:35.180> it's<00:00:36.020> not<00:00:36.170> a more than a literary conceit it's not a more than a literary conceit it's not a technology<00:00:36.860> is<00:00:37.390> very<00:00:38.390> powerful<00:00:38.780> for<00:00:39.590> I<00:00:39.620> think technology is very powerful for I think technology is very powerful for I think changing<00:00:41.120> our<00:00:41.239> relationship<00:00:41.780> to<00:00:41.930> the<00:00:42.020> natural changing our relationship to the natural changing our relationship to the natural world<00:00:42.410> and<00:00:42.860> to<00:00:43.699> the<00:00:43.730> other<00:00:43.940> species<00:00:44.449> on<00:00:44.629> whom world and to the other species on whom world and to the other species on whom we<00:00:45.050> depend<00:00:45.170> and<00:00:45.620> that<00:00:46.370> tool<00:00:46.610> is<00:00:46.760> very<00:00:46.879> simply we depend and that tool is very simply we depend and that tool is very simply as<00:00:47.510> Chris<00:00:47.870> suggested<00:00:48.519> looking<00:00:49.519> at<00:00:49.699> us<00:00:50.120> and<00:00:50.449> the as Chris suggested looking at us and the as Chris suggested looking at us and the world<00:00:51.019> from<00:00:51.680> the<00:00:52.339> plants<00:00:52.820> or<00:00:53.089> the<00:00:53.269> animals world from the plants or the animals world from the plants or the animals point<00:00:53.930> of<00:00:54.080> view<00:00:54.199> it's<00:00:55.100> not<00:00:55.250> my<00:00:55.430> idea<00:00:55.760> other point of view it's not my idea other point of view it's not my idea other peoples<00:00:56.420> have<00:00:56.540> hit<00:00:56.720> on<00:00:56.839> it<00:00:57.519> but<00:00:58.519> I've<00:00:58.729> tried<00:00:59.239> to peoples have hit on it but I've tried to peoples have hit on it but I've tried to take<00:00:59.510> it<00:00:59.540> to<00:00:59.720> some<00:00:59.839> new<00:00:59.960> places<00:01:00.970> let<00:01:01.970> me<00:01:02.030> tell take it to some new places let me tell take it to some new places let me tell you<00:01:02.239> where<00:01:02.360> I<00:01:02.390> got<00:01:02.420> it<00:01:02.780> like<00:01:03.379> a<00:01:03.409> lot<00:01:03.710> of<00:01:03.739> my you where I got it like a lot of my you where I got it like a lot of my ideas<00:01:04.449> like<00:01:05.449> a<00:01:05.479> lot<00:01:05.780> of<00:01:05.810> the<00:01:05.960> tools<00:01:06.200> I<00:01:06.500> use<00:01:06.560> I ideas like a lot of the tools I use I ideas like a lot of the tools I use I found<00:01:07.520> it<00:01:07.670> in<00:01:07.790> the<00:01:07.909> garden<00:01:08.120> I'm<00:01:08.990> a<00:01:09.049> very found it in the garden I'm a very found it in the garden I'm a very devoted<00:01:09.470> gardener<00:01:10.010> and<00:01:10.360> there<00:01:11.360> was<00:01:11.479> a<00:01:11.510> day devoted gardener and there was a day devoted gardener and there was a day about<00:01:12.020> seven<00:01:12.409> years<00:01:12.500> ago<00:01:12.650> I<00:01:13.159> was<00:01:13.700> planting about seven years ago I was planting about seven years ago I was planting potatoes<00:01:14.360> it<00:01:15.200> was<00:01:15.259> the<00:01:15.469> first<00:01:15.710> week<00:01:15.890> of<00:01:16.009> May potatoes it was the first week of May potatoes it was the first week of May this<00:01:16.820> is<00:01:17.000> New<00:01:17.119> England<00:01:17.479> when<00:01:18.140> the<00:01:18.380> apple<00:01:18.890> trees this is New England when the apple trees this is New England when the apple trees are<00:01:19.159> just<00:01:19.840> vibrating<00:01:20.840> with<00:01:21.020> bloom<00:01:21.350> they're are just vibrating with bloom they're are just vibrating with bloom they're just<00:01:22.039> white<00:01:22.399> clouds<00:01:22.850> above<00:01:23.329> I<00:01:23.600> was<00:01:24.380> here just white clouds above I was here just white clouds above I was here planting<00:01:25.430> my<00:01:25.579> chunks<00:01:26.000> cutting<00:01:26.270> up<00:01:26.390> potatoes planting my chunks cutting up potatoes planting my chunks cutting up potatoes and<00:01:26.960> planting<00:01:27.320> it<00:01:27.439> and<00:01:28.060> the<00:01:29.060> bees<00:01:29.299> were and planting it and the bees were and planting it and the bees were working<00:01:30.140> on<00:01:30.259> this<00:01:30.380> tree<00:01:30.880> bumblebees<00:01:31.880> just working on this tree bumblebees just working on this tree bumblebees just making<00:01:32.659> this<00:01:32.750> thing<00:01:32.810> vibrate<00:01:33.350> and<00:01:33.649> one<00:01:34.430> of<00:01:34.490> the making this thing vibrate and one of the making this thing vibrate and one of the things<00:01:34.670> I<00:01:34.759> really<00:01:35.060> like<00:01:35.210> about<00:01:35.240> gardening<00:01:35.899> is things I really like about gardening is things I really like about gardening is that<00:01:37.039> it<00:01:37.430> doesn't<00:01:37.820> take<00:01:38.060> all<00:01:38.240> your that it doesn't take all your that it doesn't take all your concentration<00:01:38.990> you<00:01:39.679> really<00:01:39.920> can't<00:01:40.130> get<00:01:40.310> hurt concentration you really can't get hurt concentration you really can't get hurt it's<00:01:40.789> not<00:01:40.880> like<00:01:41.119> woodworking<00:01:41.719> and<00:01:42.619> you<00:01:42.920> can it's not like woodworking and you can it's not like woodworking and you can you<00:01:44.060> have<00:01:44.210> plenty<00:01:44.450> of<00:01:44.630> kind<00:01:44.990> of<00:01:45.049> mental<00:01:45.350> space you have plenty of kind of mental space you have plenty of kind of mental space for<00:01:45.799> speculation<00:01:46.369> and<00:01:46.490> the<00:01:46.630> question<00:01:47.630> I<00:01:47.719> asked for speculation and the question I asked for speculation and the question I asked myself<00:01:48.079> that<00:01:48.350> afternoon<00:01:48.890> in<00:01:48.979> the<00:01:49.039> garden<00:01:49.340> was myself that afternoon in the garden was myself that afternoon in the garden was working<00:01:51.289> alongside<00:01:51.530> that<00:01:51.920> bumblebee<00:01:52.359> was working alongside that bumblebee was working alongside that bumblebee was what<00:01:53.719> did<00:01:53.960> I<00:01:54.229> and<00:01:54.619> that<00:01:54.770> bumblebee<00:01:55.219> have<00:01:56.210> in what did I and that bumblebee have in what did I and that bumblebee have in common<00:01:56.740> how<00:01:57.740> was<00:01:58.249> our<00:01:58.429> role<00:01:58.759> in<00:01:58.999> this<00:01:59.149> garden common how was our role in this garden common how was our role in this garden similar<00:01:59.899> and<00:02:00.049> different<00:02:00.320> and<00:02:00.560> I<00:02:01.039> realized<00:02:01.369> we similar and different and I realized we similar and different and I realized we actually<00:02:01.789> had<00:02:01.880> quite<00:02:01.969> a<00:02:02.060> bit<00:02:02.240> in<00:02:02.390> common<00:02:02.420> both actually had quite a bit in common both actually had quite a bit in common both of<00:02:03.560> us<00:02:03.679> were<00:02:04.749> disseminating<00:02:05.749> the<00:02:05.869> genes<00:02:06.170> of of us were disseminating the genes of of us were disseminating the genes of one<00:02:06.649> species<00:02:07.219> and<00:02:07.429> not<00:02:07.460> another<00:02:07.909> and<00:02:08.560> both<00:02:09.560> of one species and not another and both of one species and not another and both of us<00:02:09.979> probably<00:02:10.610> if<00:02:11.060> I<00:02:11.210> can<00:02:11.420> imagine<00:02:12.140> the<00:02:12.440> bees us probably if I can imagine the bees us probably if I can imagine the bees point<00:02:12.890> of<00:02:13.010> view<00:02:13.130> thought<00:02:13.790> we<00:02:14.000> were<00:02:14.150> calling point of view thought we were calling point of view thought we were calling the<00:02:14.630> shots<00:02:14.870> I<00:02:15.640> had<00:02:16.640> decided<00:02:16.970> what<00:02:17.300> kind<00:02:17.510> of the shots I had decided what kind of the shots I had decided what kind of potato<00:02:17.990> I<00:02:18.080> wanted<00:02:18.470> to<00:02:18.530> plant<00:02:18.860> I<00:02:19.900> picked<00:02:20.900> my potato I wanted to plant I picked my potato I wanted to plant I picked my Yukon<00:02:21.410> gold<00:02:21.710> or<00:02:21.950> yellow<00:02:22.040> fin<00:02:22.370> or<00:02:22.490> whatever<00:02:22.730> it Yukon gold or yellow fin or whatever it Yukon gold or yellow fin or whatever it was was was and<00:02:23.819> I<00:02:24.690> had<00:02:25.230> some<00:02:25.500> in<00:02:25.620> those<00:02:25.770> jeans<00:02:26.100> from<00:02:26.400> a and I had some in those jeans from a and I had some in those jeans from a seed<00:02:26.940> catalog<00:02:27.150> across<00:02:27.930> the<00:02:28.080> country<00:02:28.470> brought seed catalog across the country brought seed catalog across the country brought it<00:02:28.920> and<00:02:29.040> I<00:02:29.550> was<00:02:29.700> planting<00:02:30.090> it<00:02:30.209> and<00:02:30.360> that'd<00:02:30.990> be it and I was planting it and that'd be it and I was planting it and that'd be no<00:02:32.220> doubt<00:02:32.490> assumed<00:02:33.120> that<00:02:33.750> it<00:02:34.110> had<00:02:34.319> decided<00:02:34.500> I'm no doubt assumed that it had decided I'm no doubt assumed that it had decided I'm going<00:02:35.520> for<00:02:35.760> that<00:02:35.819> apple<00:02:36.180> tree going for that apple tree going for that apple tree I'm<00:02:36.750> going<00:02:37.050> for<00:02:37.200> that<00:02:37.350> blossom<00:02:37.890> I'm<00:02:38.069> going<00:02:38.550> to I'm going for that blossom I'm going to I'm going for that blossom I'm going to get<00:02:38.700> the<00:02:38.819> nectar<00:02:39.030> and<00:02:39.420> I'm<00:02:39.840> going<00:02:39.989> to<00:02:40.020> leave<00:02:41.330> we get the nectar and I'm going to leave we get the nectar and I'm going to leave we have<00:02:42.540> a<00:02:42.569> grammar<00:02:42.989> that<00:02:43.650> suggests<00:02:44.459> that's<00:02:45.239> who have a grammar that suggests that's who have a grammar that suggests that's who we<00:02:45.569> are<00:02:45.720> that<00:02:46.050> we<00:02:46.110> are<00:02:46.230> sovereign<00:02:46.650> subjects<00:02:47.430> in we are that we are sovereign subjects in we are that we are sovereign subjects in nature<00:02:48.000> the<00:02:48.569> bee<00:02:48.810> as<00:02:49.050> well<00:02:49.560> as<00:02:49.739> me<00:02:50.069> I<00:02:50.970> plant<00:02:51.540> the nature the bee as well as me I plant the nature the bee as well as me I plant the potatoes<00:02:52.470> I<00:02:53.190> weed<00:02:53.580> the<00:02:53.790> garden<00:02:53.819> I<00:02:54.450> domesticate potatoes I weed the garden I domesticate potatoes I weed the garden I domesticate the<00:02:55.500> species<00:02:56.040> but<00:02:57.000> that<00:02:57.390> day<00:02:57.630> it<00:02:57.810> occurred<00:02:57.900> to the species but that day it occurred to the species but that day it occurred to me<00:02:58.230> what<00:02:58.530> if<00:02:58.680> that<00:02:58.950> grammar<00:02:59.400> is<00:02:59.760> nothing<00:03:00.690> more me what if that grammar is nothing more me what if that grammar is nothing more than<00:03:01.110> a<00:03:01.200> self-serving<00:03:01.769> conceit<00:03:02.150> because<00:03:03.150> of than a self-serving conceit because of than a self-serving conceit because of course<00:03:03.480> the<00:03:03.630> bee<00:03:03.780> thinks<00:03:04.200> he's<00:03:04.350> in<00:03:04.470> charge<00:03:04.680> or course the bee thinks he's in charge or course the bee thinks he's in charge or she's<00:03:05.430> in<00:03:05.580> charge<00:03:05.790> and<00:03:06.000> but<00:03:06.840> we<00:03:06.959> know<00:03:07.140> better she's in charge and but we know better she's in charge and but we know better we<00:03:07.709> know<00:03:08.209> that<00:03:09.209> what's<00:03:09.420> going<00:03:09.630> on<00:03:09.930> between<00:03:10.260> the we know that what's going on between the we know that what's going on between the B<00:03:10.650> and<00:03:10.680> that<00:03:10.920> flower<00:03:11.220> is<00:03:11.519> that<00:03:11.550> B<00:03:12.180> has<00:03:12.480> been B and that flower is that B has been B and that flower is that B has been cleverly<00:03:13.050> manipulated<00:03:13.670> by<00:03:14.670> that<00:03:14.910> flower<00:03:15.239> and cleverly manipulated by that flower and cleverly manipulated by that flower and when<00:03:15.840> I<00:03:15.870> say<00:03:16.050> manipulated<00:03:16.650> I'm<00:03:16.739> talking<00:03:17.040> about when I say manipulated I'm talking about when I say manipulated I'm talking about in<00:03:17.310> Darwinian<00:03:17.850> sense<00:03:18.150> right<00:03:18.480> I<00:03:18.510> mean<00:03:18.810> it<00:03:19.110> has in Darwinian sense right I mean it has in Darwinian sense right I mean it has evolved<00:03:19.830> a<00:03:19.920> very<00:03:20.160> specific<00:03:20.489> set<00:03:21.120> of<00:03:21.150> traits evolved a very specific set of traits evolved a very specific set of traits color<00:03:22.530> scent<00:03:23.100> flavor<00:03:23.810> pattern<00:03:24.810> that<00:03:25.350> has color scent flavor pattern that has color scent flavor pattern that has lured<00:03:26.040> that<00:03:26.310> B<00:03:26.580> in<00:03:26.760> and<00:03:27.030> the<00:03:27.510> B<00:03:27.750> has<00:03:28.079> been lured that B in and the B has been lured that B in and the B has been cleverly<00:03:28.680> fooled<00:03:29.100> into<00:03:29.459> taking<00:03:30.180> the<00:03:30.420> nectar cleverly fooled into taking the nectar cleverly fooled into taking the nectar and<00:03:30.900> also<00:03:31.500> picking<00:03:31.829> up<00:03:31.950> some<00:03:32.160> powder<00:03:32.430> on<00:03:32.549> its and also picking up some powder on its and also picking up some powder on its leg<00:03:33.030> and<00:03:33.269> going<00:03:34.140> off<00:03:34.290> to<00:03:34.320> the<00:03:34.620> next<00:03:34.790> blossom<00:03:36.200> B leg and going off to the next blossom B leg and going off to the next blossom B is<00:03:37.290> not<00:03:37.500> calling<00:03:37.799> the<00:03:37.950> shots<00:03:37.980> and<00:03:38.489> I<00:03:38.670> realized is not calling the shots and I realized is not calling the shots and I realized then<00:03:39.269> I<00:03:39.480> wasn't<00:03:39.989> either<00:03:40.230> I<00:03:40.560> had<00:03:41.130> been<00:03:41.310> seduced then I wasn't either I had been seduced then I wasn't either I had been seduced by<00:03:41.940> that<00:03:42.120> potato<00:03:42.450> and<00:03:42.690> not<00:03:42.780> another<00:03:43.130> into by that potato and not another into by that potato and not another into planting<00:03:44.489> its<00:03:45.200> into<00:03:46.200> spreading<00:03:46.739> its<00:03:46.860> genes planting its into spreading its genes planting its into spreading its genes give<00:03:47.250> me<00:03:47.310> a<00:03:47.340> little<00:03:47.459> bit<00:03:47.610> more<00:03:47.730> habitat<00:03:48.209> and give me a little bit more habitat and give me a little bit more habitat and that's<00:03:49.500> when<00:03:49.650> I<00:03:49.680> got<00:03:49.860> the<00:03:49.920> idea<00:03:50.220> which<00:03:50.459> was that's when I got the idea which was that's when I got the idea which was what<00:03:50.970> would<00:03:51.060> it<00:03:51.180> be<00:03:51.209> what<00:03:51.450> would<00:03:51.540> happen<00:03:51.870> if<00:03:51.959> we what would it be what would happen if we what would it be what would happen if we kind<00:03:52.170> of<00:03:52.290> looked<00:03:52.500> at<00:03:52.590> us<00:03:52.769> from<00:03:53.010> this<00:03:53.130> point<00:03:53.370> of kind of looked at us from this point of kind of looked at us from this point of view<00:03:53.519> of<00:03:53.700> these<00:03:53.790> other<00:03:53.850> species<00:03:54.510> who<00:03:54.630> were view of these other species who were view of these other species who were working<00:03:55.079> on<00:03:55.200> us<00:03:55.350> and<00:03:55.700> agriculture<00:03:56.700> suddenly working on us and agriculture suddenly working on us and agriculture suddenly appeared<00:03:57.329> to<00:03:57.450> me<00:03:57.630> not<00:03:58.049> as<00:03:58.230> an<00:03:58.320> invention<00:03:58.700> not appeared to me not as an invention not appeared to me not as an invention not as<00:03:59.880> a<00:03:59.910> human<00:04:00.180> technology<00:04:00.959> but<00:04:01.200> as<00:04:01.320> a as a human technology but as a as a human technology but as a co-evolutionary<00:04:01.970> development<00:04:02.970> in<00:04:03.720> which<00:04:03.989> a co-evolutionary development in which a co-evolutionary development in which a group<00:04:04.590> of<00:04:04.769> very<00:04:04.980> clever<00:04:05.280> species<00:04:05.850> mostly group of very clever species mostly group of very clever species mostly edible<00:04:06.660> grasses<00:04:07.200> had<00:04:07.920> exploited<00:04:08.760> us<00:04:08.940> figured edible grasses had exploited us figured edible grasses had exploited us figured out<00:04:09.959> how<00:04:10.200> to<00:04:10.260> get<00:04:10.470> us<00:04:10.680> to<00:04:11.489> basically<00:04:11.900> DeForest out how to get us to basically DeForest out how to get us to basically DeForest the<00:04:13.109> world<00:04:13.579> the<00:04:14.579> competition<00:04:15.209> of<00:04:15.299> grasses the world the competition of grasses the world the competition of grasses right<00:04:16.079> and<00:04:16.380> suddenly<00:04:17.100> everything<00:04:17.609> looked right and suddenly everything looked right and suddenly everything looked different different different and<00:04:18.269> suddenly<00:04:18.600> mowing<00:04:19.169> the<00:04:19.320> lawn<00:04:19.530> that<00:04:19.560> day and suddenly mowing the lawn that day and suddenly mowing the lawn that day was<00:04:20.700> a<00:04:20.729> completely<00:04:21.239> different<00:04:21.570> experience<00:04:21.840> I was a completely different experience I was a completely different experience I had<00:04:23.039> thought<00:04:23.340> always<00:04:23.850> and<00:04:24.390> in<00:04:24.450> fact<00:04:24.600> had had thought always and in fact had had thought always and in fact had written<00:04:24.960> this<00:04:25.169> in<00:04:25.320> my<00:04:25.440> first<00:04:25.680> book<00:04:25.950> was<00:04:26.160> a<00:04:26.220> book written this in my first book was a book written this in my first book was a book about<00:04:26.580> gardening<00:04:27.090> that<00:04:28.700> lawns<00:04:29.700> were<00:04:30.090> nature about gardening that lawns were nature about gardening that lawns were nature under<00:04:30.720> cultures<00:04:31.140> but--<00:04:31.470> that<00:04:32.070> they<00:04:32.190> were under cultures but-- that they were under cultures but-- that they were totalitarian<00:04:33.270> landscapes<00:04:33.960> and<00:04:34.260> that<00:04:34.650> when<00:04:34.800> we totalitarian landscapes and that when we totalitarian landscapes and that when we mowed<00:04:35.250> them<00:04:35.550> we<00:04:35.700> were mowed them we were mowed them we were cruelly<00:04:36.480> suppressing<00:04:37.199> this<00:04:37.350> species<00:04:37.919> and cruelly suppressing this species and cruelly suppressing this species and never<00:04:38.639> letting<00:04:39.000> it<00:04:39.090> set<00:04:39.360> seed<00:04:39.720> or<00:04:40.020> die<00:04:40.230> or<00:04:40.470> have never letting it set seed or die or have never letting it set seed or die or have sex<00:04:41.040> and<00:04:41.370> and<00:04:42.330> that's<00:04:42.510> what<00:04:42.690> the<00:04:42.810> lawn<00:04:43.020> was<00:04:43.290> but sex and and that's what the lawn was but sex and and that's what the lawn was but then<00:04:43.800> I<00:04:44.070> realize<00:04:44.610> no<00:04:44.880> this<00:04:44.910> is<00:04:45.240> exactly<00:04:45.389> what then I realize no this is exactly what then I realize no this is exactly what the<00:04:46.320> grasses<00:04:46.740> want<00:04:46.949> us<00:04:47.100> to<00:04:47.250> do<00:04:47.430> I'm<00:04:47.729> a<00:04:47.760> dupe<00:04:48.210> I'm the grasses want us to do I'm a dupe I'm the grasses want us to do I'm a dupe I'm a<00:04:48.990> dupe<00:04:49.380> of<00:04:49.620> the<00:04:49.710> lawns<00:04:49.979> whose<00:04:51.199> goal<00:04:52.199> in<00:04:52.440> life a dupe of the lawns whose goal in life a dupe of the lawns whose goal in life is<00:04:52.979> to<00:04:53.520> out-compete<00:04:54.030> the<00:04:54.389> trees<00:04:54.660> who<00:04:54.990> it is to out-compete the trees who it is to out-compete the trees who it competes<00:04:55.470> with<00:04:55.560> who<00:04:55.979> they<00:04:56.100> compete<00:04:56.460> with<00:04:56.610> for competes with who they compete with for competes with who they compete with for sunlight<00:04:57.180> and<00:04:57.419> so<00:04:58.110> by<00:04:58.260> getting<00:04:58.320> us<00:04:58.650> to<00:04:58.860> mow<00:04:59.010> the sunlight and so by getting us to mow the sunlight and so by getting us to mow the lawn<00:04:59.570> we<00:05:00.570> keep<00:05:00.990> the<00:05:01.139> trees<00:05:01.380> from<00:05:01.530> coming<00:05:01.889> back lawn we keep the trees from coming back lawn we keep the trees from coming back which<00:05:02.310> in<00:05:02.460> in<00:05:03.330> New<00:05:03.540> England<00:05:03.570> happens<00:05:04.080> very which in in New England happens very which in in New England happens very very<00:05:04.290> quickly<00:05:04.940> so<00:05:05.940> I<00:05:05.970> started<00:05:06.449> looking<00:05:06.720> at very quickly so I started looking at very quickly so I started looking at things<00:05:06.960> this<00:05:07.050> way<00:05:07.229> and<00:05:07.470> wrote<00:05:07.740> a<00:05:07.770> whole<00:05:07.919> book things this way and wrote a whole book things this way and wrote a whole book about<00:05:08.190> it<00:05:08.370> called<00:05:08.490> the<00:05:08.669> bottom<00:05:08.940> desire<00:05:09.210> and<00:05:09.500> I about it called the bottom desire and I about it called the bottom desire and I realized<00:05:11.100> that<00:05:11.190> in<00:05:11.310> the<00:05:11.400> same<00:05:11.700> way<00:05:11.729> you<00:05:12.090> can realized that in the same way you can realized that in the same way you can look<00:05:12.780> at<00:05:12.960> a<00:05:13.020> flower<00:05:13.320> and<00:05:13.710> deduce<00:05:14.250> all<00:05:14.550> sorts<00:05:14.850> of look at a flower and deduce all sorts of look at a flower and deduce all sorts of interesting<00:05:15.150> things<00:05:15.389> about<00:05:15.870> the<00:05:16.410> tastes<00:05:16.770> and interesting things about the tastes and interesting things about the tastes and the<00:05:17.160> desires<00:05:17.610> of<00:05:18.000> bees<00:05:19.340> that<00:05:20.340> they<00:05:20.460> like the desires of bees that they like the desires of bees that they like sweetness<00:05:21.000> that<00:05:21.300> they<00:05:21.419> like<00:05:21.600> this<00:05:21.780> color<00:05:22.050> and sweetness that they like this color and sweetness that they like this color and not<00:05:22.350> that<00:05:22.500> color<00:05:22.740> that<00:05:22.950> they<00:05:23.070> like<00:05:23.250> symmetry not that color that they like symmetry not that color that they like symmetry what<00:05:24.570> could<00:05:24.780> we<00:05:24.900> find<00:05:25.080> out<00:05:25.290> about<00:05:25.440> ourselves what could we find out about ourselves what could we find out about ourselves by<00:05:26.400> doing<00:05:26.669> the<00:05:26.760> same<00:05:26.970> thing<00:05:27.300> that<00:05:27.960> a<00:05:28.260> certain by doing the same thing that a certain by doing the same thing that a certain kind<00:05:28.800> of<00:05:28.860> potato<00:05:29.220> a<00:05:29.340> certain<00:05:29.760> kind<00:05:29.940> of<00:05:30.000> drug<00:05:30.360> a kind of potato a certain kind of drug a kind of potato a certain kind of drug a sativa<00:05:31.889> indica<00:05:32.850> cannabis<00:05:33.630> cross<00:05:33.960> has sativa indica cannabis cross has sativa indica cannabis cross has something<00:05:34.770> to<00:05:34.889> say<00:05:35.070> about<00:05:35.100> us<00:05:35.720> and<00:05:36.720> that something to say about us and that something to say about us and that wouldn't<00:05:38.850> this<00:05:39.000> be<00:05:39.060> kind<00:05:39.570> of<00:05:39.630> an<00:05:39.720> interesting wouldn't this be kind of an interesting wouldn't this be kind of an interesting way<00:05:40.169> to<00:05:40.200> look<00:05:40.380> at<00:05:40.470> the<00:05:40.560> world<00:05:40.710> now<00:05:41.610> the<00:05:42.240> test<00:05:42.570> of way to look at the world now the test of way to look at the world now the test of any<00:05:42.780> idea<00:05:43.229> I<00:05:43.289> said<00:05:43.410> it<00:05:43.620> was<00:05:43.710> a<00:05:43.740> literary any idea I said it was a literary any idea I said it was a literary conceit<00:05:44.600> is<00:05:46.130> what<00:05:47.130> does<00:05:47.250> it<00:05:47.370> get<00:05:47.580> us<00:05:47.610> and<00:05:48.030> when conceit is what does it get us and when conceit is what does it get us and when you're<00:05:49.110> talking<00:05:49.260> about<00:05:49.560> nature<00:05:50.039> which<00:05:50.220> is you're talking about nature which is you're talking about nature which is really<00:05:50.610> my<00:05:50.789> subject<00:05:51.270> as<00:05:51.450> a<00:05:51.510> writer<00:05:52.070> how<00:05:53.070> does really my subject as a writer how does really my subject as a writer how does it<00:05:53.639> meet<00:05:54.180> the<00:05:54.210> Aldo<00:05:54.750> Leopold<00:05:54.780> test<00:05:55.470> which<00:05:55.770> is it meet the Aldo Leopold test which is it meet the Aldo Leopold test which is does<00:05:56.520> it<00:05:56.669> make<00:05:56.820> us<00:05:57.060> better<00:05:57.479> citizens<00:05:58.139> of<00:05:58.260> the does it make us better citizens of the does it make us better citizens of the biotic<00:05:58.650> community<00:05:59.520> get<00:06:00.000> us<00:06:00.120> to<00:06:00.300> do<00:06:00.450> things biotic community get us to do things biotic community get us to do things that<00:06:01.370> leads<00:06:02.370> to<00:06:02.729> the<00:06:03.180> support<00:06:03.750> and that leads to the support and that leads to the support and perpetuation<00:06:04.889> of<00:06:05.220> the<00:06:05.580> biota<00:06:05.940> rather<00:06:06.330> than perpetuation of the biota rather than perpetuation of the biota rather than its<00:06:06.690> destruction<00:06:07.530> and<00:06:08.340> I<00:06:08.430> would<00:06:08.580> submit<00:06:08.760> that its destruction and I would submit that its destruction and I would submit that this<00:06:09.180> idea<00:06:09.479> does<00:06:09.660> this<00:06:09.810> so<00:06:10.650> let<00:06:10.770> me<00:06:10.860> go<00:06:10.979> through this idea does this so let me go through this idea does this so let me go through what<00:06:11.370> you<00:06:11.460> gain<00:06:11.700> when<00:06:11.940> you<00:06:12.030> look<00:06:12.180> at<00:06:12.270> the<00:06:12.360> world what you gain when you look at the world what you gain when you look at the world this<00:06:12.630> way<00:06:12.780> besides<00:06:13.680> some<00:06:13.950> you<00:06:14.160> know this way besides some you know this way besides some you know entertaining<00:06:14.610> insights<00:06:15.330> about<00:06:15.560> about<00:06:16.560> human entertaining insights about about human entertaining insights about about human desire<00:06:17.280> as<00:06:18.210> an<00:06:18.780> intellectual<00:06:19.410> matter<00:06:20.300> looking desire as an intellectual matter looking desire as an intellectual matter looking at<00:06:21.389> the<00:06:21.510> world<00:06:21.720> from<00:06:21.990> other<00:06:22.580> species<00:06:23.580> points at the world from other species points at the world from other species points of<00:06:24.060> view<00:06:24.590> helps<00:06:25.590> us<00:06:25.770> deal<00:06:26.130> with<00:06:26.370> this<00:06:26.520> weird of view helps us deal with this weird of view helps us deal with this weird anomaly<00:06:27.599> which<00:06:28.440> is<00:06:28.710> intellection<00:06:29.700> this<00:06:29.910> is<00:06:30.030> in anomaly which is intellection this is in anomaly which is intellection this is in the<00:06:30.240> realm<00:06:30.389> of<00:06:30.539> intellectual<00:06:31.500> history<00:06:31.740> which the realm of intellectual history which the realm of intellectual history which is<00:06:32.340> that<00:06:32.490> we<00:06:32.580> had<00:06:32.729> this<00:06:32.880> Darwinian<00:06:33.419> revolution is that we had this Darwinian revolution is that we had this Darwinian revolution 150<00:06:35.460> years<00:06:35.639> ago 150 years ago 150 years ago mini-me

we<00:06:41.790> have<00:06:41.970> this<00:06:42.060> intellectual<00:06:42.510> referal<00:06:42.930> this we have this intellectual referal this we have this intellectual referal this Darwinian<00:06:43.770> revolution<00:06:44.300> in<00:06:45.300> which<00:06:46.040> thanks<00:06:47.040> to Darwinian revolution in which thanks to Darwinian revolution in which thanks to Darwin<00:06:47.490> we<00:06:47.610> figured<00:06:47.880> out<00:06:48.030> we<00:06:48.180> are<00:06:48.330> just<00:06:48.360> one Darwin we figured out we are just one Darwin we figured out we are just one species<00:06:49.230> among<00:06:49.500> many<00:06:49.740> evolutions<00:06:50.700> working<00:06:51.060> on species among many evolutions working on species among many evolutions working on us<00:06:51.360> the<00:06:51.570> same<00:06:51.750> way<00:06:51.870> it's<00:06:52.020> working<00:06:52.200> on<00:06:52.380> all<00:06:52.770> the us the same way it's working on all the us the same way it's working on all the others<00:06:53.250> we<00:06:53.820> are<00:06:54.000> acted<00:06:54.390> upon<00:06:54.450> as<00:06:54.900> well<00:06:55.050> as others we are acted upon as well as others we are acted upon as well as acting<00:06:55.740> we<00:06:56.550> are<00:06:56.700> really<00:06:57.090> in<00:06:57.270> the<00:06:57.330> fiber<00:06:57.870> of<00:06:58.260> the acting we are really in the fiber of the acting we are really in the fiber of the fabric<00:06:59.040> of<00:06:59.190> life<00:06:59.220> but<00:06:59.730> the<00:06:59.880> weird<00:07:00.150> thing<00:07:00.360> is<00:07:00.390> we fabric of life but the weird thing is we fabric of life but the weird thing is we don't<00:07:00.990> we<00:07:01.500> have<00:07:01.710> not<00:07:01.920> absorbed<00:07:02.430> this<00:07:02.550> lesson don't we have not absorbed this lesson don't we have not absorbed this lesson 150<00:07:03.540> years<00:07:03.720> later<00:07:03.930> none<00:07:04.440> of<00:07:04.560> us<00:07:04.650> really 150 years later none of us really 150 years later none of us really believes<00:07:05.430> this<00:07:05.660> we<00:07:06.660> are<00:07:06.750> still<00:07:07.080> Cartesians believes this we are still Cartesians believes this we are still Cartesians the<00:07:08.880> children<00:07:09.330> of<00:07:09.450> Descartes<00:07:09.930> who<00:07:10.530> believe the children of Descartes who believe the children of Descartes who believe that<00:07:11.780> subjectivity<00:07:12.800> consciousness<00:07:13.800> sets<00:07:14.370> us that subjectivity consciousness sets us that subjectivity consciousness sets us apart<00:07:14.730> that<00:07:15.630> the<00:07:15.810> world<00:07:15.960> is<00:07:16.170> divided<00:07:16.470> into apart that the world is divided into apart that the world is divided into subjects<00:07:17.430> and<00:07:17.550> objects<00:07:18.480> that<00:07:18.990> there<00:07:19.260> is subjects and objects that there is subjects and objects that there is nature<00:07:19.770> on<00:07:19.950> one<00:07:20.130> side<00:07:20.400> culture<00:07:21.030> on<00:07:21.180> another<00:07:22.340> as nature on one side culture on another as nature on one side culture on another as soon<00:07:23.520> as<00:07:23.640> you<00:07:23.760> start<00:07:24.000> seeing<00:07:24.630> things<00:07:24.840> from<00:07:25.080> the soon as you start seeing things from the soon as you start seeing things from the plan's<00:07:25.440> point<00:07:25.740> of<00:07:25.830> view<00:07:25.920> or<00:07:25.980> the<00:07:26.040> animals plan's point of view or the animals plan's point of view or the animals point<00:07:26.490> of<00:07:26.610> view<00:07:26.730> you<00:07:26.850> realize<00:07:27.240> that<00:07:27.540> the<00:07:28.440> real point of view you realize that the real point of view you realize that the real literary<00:07:29.760> conceit<00:07:30.270> is<00:07:30.450> that<00:07:30.810> is<00:07:31.110> this<00:07:32.100> the literary conceit is that is this the literary conceit is that is this the idea<00:07:32.760> that<00:07:32.910> nature<00:07:33.090> is<00:07:33.360> opposed<00:07:33.720> to<00:07:33.840> culture idea that nature is opposed to culture idea that nature is opposed to culture the<00:07:34.650> idea<00:07:35.010> that<00:07:35.310> that<00:07:36.120> that<00:07:36.570> consciousness<00:07:37.050> is the idea that that that consciousness is the idea that that that consciousness is everything<00:07:38.420> and<00:07:39.420> that's<00:07:39.750> another<00:07:40.080> very everything and that's another very everything and that's another very important<00:07:40.680> thing<00:07:40.710> it<00:07:40.890> does<00:07:41.300> looking<00:07:42.300> at<00:07:42.420> the important thing it does looking at the important thing it does looking at the world<00:07:42.720> from<00:07:42.900> other<00:07:43.140> species<00:07:43.620> points<00:07:43.950> of<00:07:44.070> view world from other species points of view world from other species points of view is<00:07:44.460> a<00:07:45.360> cure<00:07:45.840> for<00:07:46.260> the<00:07:46.380> disease<00:07:46.560> of<00:07:47.100> human is a cure for the disease of human is a cure for the disease of human self-importance<00:07:48.650> you<00:07:49.650> suddenly<00:07:50.190> realize self-importance you suddenly realize self-importance you suddenly realize that<00:07:51.830> consciousness<00:07:53.450> which<00:07:54.450> we<00:07:54.480> value<00:07:54.930> and<00:07:55.350> we that consciousness which we value and we that consciousness which we value and we consider<00:07:55.890> the<00:07:56.100> you<00:07:56.400> know<00:07:56.490> the<00:07:56.670> crown<00:07:57.030> of<00:07:57.480> the consider the you know the crown of the consider the you know the crown of the crowning<00:07:58.260> achievement<00:07:58.860> of<00:07:58.920> nature<00:07:59.280> human crowning achievement of nature human crowning achievement of nature human consciousness<00:08:00.060> is<00:08:00.240> really<00:08:01.020> just<00:08:01.350> another<00:08:01.650> set consciousness is really just another set consciousness is really just another set of<00:08:02.070> tools<00:08:02.370> for<00:08:02.700> getting<00:08:03.690> along<00:08:03.780> in<00:08:04.080> the<00:08:04.140> world of tools for getting along in the world of tools for getting along in the world and<00:08:04.670> it's<00:08:05.670> kind<00:08:05.910> of<00:08:05.940> natural<00:08:06.480> that<00:08:06.630> we<00:08:06.750> would and it's kind of natural that we would and it's kind of natural that we would think<00:08:06.930> it<00:08:07.230> was<00:08:07.380> the<00:08:07.950> best<00:08:08.160> tool<00:08:08.460> but<00:08:09.180> you<00:08:09.450> know think it was the best tool but you know think it was the best tool but you know there's<00:08:10.020> a<00:08:10.080> comedian<00:08:10.500> who<00:08:10.590> said<00:08:10.800> well<00:08:10.950> who's there's a comedian who said well who's there's a comedian who said well who's telling<00:08:12.090> me<00:08:12.210> that<00:08:12.420> consciousness<00:08:13.020> is<00:08:13.170> so<00:08:13.350> good telling me that consciousness is so good telling me that consciousness is so good and<00:08:13.800> so<00:08:13.950> important<00:08:14.520> well and so important well and so important well consciousness<00:08:16.040> so<00:08:17.040> when<00:08:17.940> you<00:08:18.030> look<00:08:18.210> at<00:08:18.300> the consciousness so when you look at the consciousness so when you look at the plants<00:08:18.870> you<00:08:19.020> realize<00:08:19.320> that<00:08:19.500> there<00:08:19.620> are<00:08:19.680> other plants you realize that there are other plants you realize that there are other tools<00:08:20.100> and<00:08:20.490> they're<00:08:20.580> just<00:08:20.970> as<00:08:21.120> interesting tools and they're just as interesting tools and they're just as interesting I'll<00:08:22.020> give<00:08:22.200> you<00:08:22.320> two<00:08:22.710> examples<00:08:24.470> also<00:08:25.470> from<00:08:25.710> the I'll give you two examples also from the I'll give you two examples also from the garden<00:08:26.010> lima<00:08:26.310> beans<00:08:26.610> you<00:08:26.970> know<00:08:27.030> what<00:08:27.120> a<00:08:27.180> lima garden lima beans you know what a lima garden lima beans you know what a lima bean<00:08:27.630> does<00:08:27.810> when<00:08:27.990> it's<00:08:28.110> attacked<00:08:28.410> by<00:08:29.510> spider bean does when it's attacked by spider bean does when it's attacked by spider mites<00:08:30.750> it<00:08:31.560> releases<00:08:32.039> this<00:08:32.160> volatile<00:08:32.640> chemical mites it releases this volatile chemical mites it releases this volatile chemical that<00:08:33.450> goes<00:08:33.599> out<00:08:33.810> into<00:08:34.349> the<00:08:34.469> world<00:08:34.620> and<00:08:35.030> summons that goes out into the world and summons that goes out into the world and summons another<00:08:36.390> species<00:08:36.960> of<00:08:37.080> mic<00:08:37.289> that<00:08:38.130> comes<00:08:38.400> in<00:08:38.669> and another species of mic that comes in and another species of mic that comes in and attacks<00:08:39.090> the<00:08:40.020> spider<00:08:40.289> mite<00:08:40.530> defending<00:08:41.130> the attacks the spider mite defending the attacks the spider mite defending the lima<00:08:41.430> bean lima bean lima bean so<00:08:42.539> what<00:08:43.200> plants<00:08:43.680> have<00:08:43.860> while<00:08:44.280> we<00:08:44.460> have so what plants have while we have so what plants have while we have consciousness<00:08:46.020> tool-making<00:08:46.980> language<00:08:47.880> they consciousness tool-making language they consciousness tool-making language they have<00:08:48.589> biochemistry<00:08:49.589> and<00:08:49.850> they<00:08:50.850> have have biochemistry and they have have biochemistry and they have perfected<00:08:51.360> that<00:08:51.750> to<00:08:52.140> a<00:08:52.170> degree<00:08:52.410> far<00:08:52.920> beyond perfected that to a degree far beyond perfected that to a degree far beyond can<00:08:53.560> imagine<00:08:53.949> and<00:08:54.250> their<00:08:54.940> complexity<00:08:55.690> their can imagine and their complexity their can imagine and their complexity their sophistication<00:08:56.500> is<00:08:57.389> something<00:08:58.389> to<00:08:58.540> really sophistication is something to really sophistication is something to really marvel<00:08:59.290> at<00:08:59.410> and<00:08:59.560> I<00:08:59.589> think<00:08:59.800> it's<00:08:59.920> really<00:09:00.160> the marvel at and I think it's really the marvel at and I think it's really the scandal<00:09:00.730> of<00:09:00.819> the<00:09:00.850> human<00:09:01.240> genome<00:09:01.509> project<00:09:01.980> you scandal of the human genome project you scandal of the human genome project you know<00:09:03.100> we<00:09:03.250> went<00:09:03.459> into<00:09:03.670> it<00:09:03.790> thinking<00:09:03.970> forty<00:09:04.569> or know we went into it thinking forty or know we went into it thinking forty or fifty<00:09:04.810> thousand<00:09:05.560> human<00:09:06.370> genes<00:09:06.930> we<00:09:07.930> came<00:09:08.170> out fifty thousand human genes we came out fifty thousand human genes we came out with<00:09:08.560> the<00:09:09.160> only<00:09:09.370> twenty<00:09:09.670> three<00:09:09.879> thousand<00:09:10.980> just with the only twenty three thousand just with the only twenty three thousand just to<00:09:12.100> give<00:09:12.220> you<00:09:12.339> a<00:09:12.399> grounds<00:09:12.939> for<00:09:13.000> comparison to give you a grounds for comparison to give you a grounds for comparison rice<00:09:16.319> 35,000<00:09:17.319> genes<00:09:17.639> so<00:09:18.639> who's<00:09:18.879> the<00:09:19.060> more rice 35,000 genes so who's the more rice 35,000 genes so who's the more sophisticated<00:09:20.069> species<00:09:21.069> well<00:09:21.250> we're<00:09:21.490> all sophisticated species well we're all sophisticated species well we're all equally<00:09:21.970> sophisticated<00:09:22.180> we've<00:09:22.689> been equally sophisticated we've been equally sophisticated we've been involving<00:09:23.170> evolving<00:09:23.800> just<00:09:24.009> as<00:09:24.160> long<00:09:24.370> just involving evolving just as long just involving evolving just as long just along<00:09:27.069> different<00:09:27.250> paths<00:09:28.470> so<00:09:30.240> cure<00:09:31.240> for along different paths so cure for along different paths so cure for self-importance<00:09:32.139> weight<00:09:32.920> of<00:09:33.129> sort<00:09:33.670> of<00:09:33.730> make self-importance weight of sort of make self-importance weight of sort of make us<00:09:34.089> feel<00:09:34.660> the<00:09:35.319> Darwinian<00:09:35.970> idea<00:09:36.970> and<00:09:37.269> that's us feel the Darwinian idea and that's us feel the Darwinian idea and that's really<00:09:37.930> what<00:09:38.139> I<00:09:38.170> do<00:09:38.290> as<00:09:38.500> a<00:09:38.529> writer<00:09:38.800> as<00:09:39.009> a really what I do as a writer as a really what I do as a writer as a storyteller<00:09:39.790> is<00:09:40.000> try<00:09:40.540> to<00:09:40.569> make<00:09:40.870> people<00:09:41.259> kind storyteller is try to make people kind storyteller is try to make people kind of<00:09:41.860> feel<00:09:42.100> what<00:09:42.279> we<00:09:42.430> know<00:09:42.610> and<00:09:42.850> tell<00:09:43.509> stories of feel what we know and tell stories of feel what we know and tell stories that<00:09:44.490> actually<00:09:45.490> make<00:09:46.000> us<00:09:46.149> help<00:09:46.389> us<00:09:46.480> think that actually make us help us think that actually make us help us think ecologically<00:09:47.379> now<00:09:47.800> the<00:09:47.860> other<00:09:48.100> use<00:09:48.339> of<00:09:48.370> this ecologically now the other use of this ecologically now the other use of this is<00:09:48.790> practical<00:09:49.269> and<00:09:49.389> I'm<00:09:49.480> in<00:09:49.569> tucked<00:09:49.779> I'm<00:09:49.990> going is practical and I'm in tucked I'm going is practical and I'm in tucked I'm going to<00:09:50.170> take<00:09:50.319> you<00:09:50.470> to<00:09:50.620> a<00:09:50.649> farm<00:09:51.040> right<00:09:51.279> now<00:09:51.459> as<00:09:52.269> I<00:09:52.360> use to take you to a farm right now as I use to take you to a farm right now as I use this<00:09:52.779> idea<00:09:53.019> to<00:09:53.410> develop<00:09:53.889> my<00:09:54.279> understanding<00:09:54.819> of this idea to develop my understanding of this idea to develop my understanding of the<00:09:55.000> food<00:09:55.180> system<00:09:55.569> and<00:09:55.689> what<00:09:55.839> I<00:09:55.870> learned<00:09:56.170> in the food system and what I learned in the food system and what I learned in fact<00:09:56.680> is<00:09:56.920> that<00:09:57.550> we<00:09:57.850> are<00:09:58.000> all<00:09:58.209> now<00:09:59.110> being fact is that we are all now being fact is that we are all now being manipulated<00:10:00.399> by<00:10:00.430> corn<00:10:00.880> and<00:10:01.120> the<00:10:01.630> talk<00:10:01.839> you manipulated by corn and the talk you manipulated by corn and the talk you heard<00:10:02.139> about<00:10:02.319> ethanol<00:10:02.699> earlier<00:10:03.699> today<00:10:04.980> to<00:10:05.980> me heard about ethanol earlier today to me heard about ethanol earlier today to me is<00:10:06.579> the<00:10:07.089> final<00:10:07.509> triumph<00:10:07.839> of<00:10:08.170> corn<00:10:08.709> over<00:10:09.009> good is the final triumph of corn over good is the final triumph of corn over good sense

it<00:10:12.730> is<00:10:12.970> part<00:10:13.570> of<00:10:13.750> corns<00:10:15.420> corn<00:10:16.420> scheme<00:10:16.900> for it is part of corns corn scheme for it is part of corns corn scheme for world<00:10:17.440> domination<00:10:17.920> and<00:10:18.700> you<00:10:19.330> will<00:10:19.480> see<00:10:19.720> the world domination and you will see the world domination and you will see the amount<00:10:20.290> of<00:10:20.380> corn<00:10:20.650> planted<00:10:21.070> this<00:10:21.190> year<00:10:21.250> will<00:10:21.610> be amount of corn planted this year will be amount of corn planted this year will be up<00:10:21.850> dramatically<00:10:22.480> from<00:10:22.810> last<00:10:23.020> year<00:10:23.320> and<00:10:23.440> there up dramatically from last year and there up dramatically from last year and there will<00:10:23.650> be<00:10:23.680> that<00:10:23.890> much<00:10:24.070> more<00:10:24.130> habitat<00:10:24.850> because will be that much more habitat because will be that much more habitat because we've<00:10:25.690> decided<00:10:26.050> ethanol<00:10:26.560> is<00:10:26.680> going<00:10:26.740> to<00:10:26.890> help we've decided ethanol is going to help we've decided ethanol is going to help us<00:10:27.780> so<00:10:28.780> but<00:10:29.320> let<00:10:29.530> me<00:10:29.650> so<00:10:29.950> it<00:10:30.070> helped<00:10:30.250> me us so but let me so it helped me us so but let me so it helped me understand<00:10:30.760> industrial<00:10:31.300> agriculture<00:10:31.750> which understand industrial agriculture which understand industrial agriculture which of<00:10:32.020> course<00:10:32.050> is<00:10:32.410> a<00:10:32.440> Cartesian<00:10:32.890> system<00:10:33.520> it's of course is a Cartesian system it's of course is a Cartesian system it's based<00:10:33.910> on<00:10:34.090> this<00:10:34.270> idea<00:10:34.630> that<00:10:34.690> we<00:10:34.870> Bend<00:10:35.140> other based on this idea that we Bend other based on this idea that we Bend other species<00:10:35.740> to<00:10:35.890> our<00:10:36.040> will<00:10:36.250> and<00:10:36.460> that<00:10:36.970> we<00:10:37.150> are<00:10:37.330> in species to our will and that we are in species to our will and that we are in charge<00:10:38.260> and<00:10:38.650> then<00:10:38.740> we<00:10:38.830> create<00:10:39.100> these charge and then we create these charge and then we create these factories<00:10:39.790> and<00:10:39.910> we<00:10:40.000> have<00:10:40.150> these factories and we have these factories and we have these technological<00:10:40.930> inputs<00:10:41.650> and<00:10:41.800> we<00:10:41.860> get<00:10:41.980> the<00:10:42.100> food technological inputs and we get the food technological inputs and we get the food out<00:10:42.490> of<00:10:42.520> it<00:10:42.700> or<00:10:42.850> the<00:10:42.970> fuel<00:10:43.210> or<00:10:43.330> whatever<00:10:43.390> we out of it or the fuel or whatever we out of it or the fuel or whatever we want<00:10:45.210> let<00:10:46.210> me<00:10:46.300> take<00:10:46.480> you<00:10:46.600> to<00:10:46.660> a<00:10:46.810> very<00:10:46.990> different want let me take you to a very different want let me take you to a very different kind<00:10:47.470> of<00:10:47.530> farm<00:10:47.740> this<00:10:48.130> is<00:10:48.190> farm<00:10:48.700> in<00:10:48.910> the kind of farm this is farm in the kind of farm this is farm in the Shenandoah<00:10:49.510> Valley<00:10:49.870> of<00:10:50.200> Virginia<00:10:50.350> I<00:10:50.740> went Shenandoah Valley of Virginia I went Shenandoah Valley of Virginia I went looking<00:10:51.130> for<00:10:51.310> a<00:10:51.490> farm<00:10:51.820> where<00:10:52.630> these<00:10:53.050> ideas looking for a farm where these ideas looking for a farm where these ideas about<00:10:53.890> looking<00:10:54.160> at<00:10:54.370> things<00:10:54.580> from<00:10:54.700> the<00:10:54.820> species about looking at things from the species about looking at things from the species point<00:10:55.540> of<00:10:55.660> view<00:10:55.840> are<00:10:56.140> actually<00:10:56.560> implemented point of view are actually implemented point of view are actually implemented and<00:10:57.370> I<00:10:57.700> found<00:10:58.000> it<00:10:58.150> in<00:10:58.270> a<00:10:58.330> man<00:10:58.480> the<00:10:58.660> farmers<00:10:58.990> name and I found it in a man the farmers name and I found it in a man the farmers name is<00:10:59.260> Joel<00:10:59.470> Salatin<00:11:00.010> and<00:11:00.880> I<00:11:00.970> spent<00:11:01.210> a<00:11:01.270> week<00:11:01.390> as<00:11:01.600> an is Joel Salatin and I spent a week as an is Joel Salatin and I spent a week as an apprentice<00:11:01.960> on<00:11:02.260> his<00:11:02.380> farm<00:11:02.590> and<00:11:02.890> I<00:11:03.670> took<00:11:04.480> away apprentice on his farm and I took away apprentice on his farm and I took away from<00:11:04.780> this<00:11:05.200> some<00:11:05.470> of<00:11:05.560> the<00:11:05.650> most<00:11:05.830> hopeful<00:11:06.220> news from this some of the most hopeful news from this some of the most hopeful news about<00:11:07.540> our<00:11:07.600> relationship<00:11:08.200> to<00:11:08.230> nature<00:11:08.440> that about our relationship to nature that about our relationship to nature that I've<00:11:08.890> ever<00:11:09.040> come<00:11:09.280> across<00:11:09.400> in<00:11:09.580> 25<00:11:10.030> years<00:11:10.060> of I've ever come across in 25 years of I've ever come across in 25 years of writing<00:11:10.480> about<00:11:10.720> nature<00:11:11.010> and<00:11:12.010> that<00:11:12.130> is<00:11:12.280> this writing about nature and that is this writing about nature and that is this the<00:11:12.730> farm<00:11:12.970> is<00:11:13.090> called<00:11:13.150> Polyface<00:11:13.780> which<00:11:14.770> means the farm is called Polyface which means the farm is called Polyface which means the<00:11:15.520> idea<00:11:15.790> is<00:11:15.880> he's<00:11:16.180> got<00:11:16.360> six<00:11:16.750> different the idea is he's got six different the idea is he's got six different species<00:11:17.350> of<00:11:17.650> animals<00:11:18.010> as<00:11:18.130> well<00:11:18.250> as<00:11:18.370> some species of animals as well as some species of animals as well as some plants<00:11:18.880> growing<00:11:19.420> in<00:11:19.660> this<00:11:19.840> very<00:11:20.260> elaborate plants growing in this very elaborate plants growing in this very elaborate symbiotic<00:11:21.460> arrangement<00:11:22.420> it's<00:11:22.540> permaculture symbiotic arrangement it's permaculture symbiotic arrangement it's permaculture those<00:11:23.380> of<00:11:23.500> you<00:11:23.560> know<00:11:23.680> a<00:11:23.770> little<00:11:23.890> bit<00:11:24.010> about those of you know a little bit about those of you know a little bit about this<00:11:24.540> such<00:11:25.540> that<00:11:25.750> the<00:11:26.110> cows<00:11:26.320> and<00:11:26.620> the<00:11:26.710> pigs<00:11:26.740> and this such that the cows and the pigs and this such that the cows and the pigs and the<00:11:27.340> em<00:11:27.610> and<00:11:28.030> the<00:11:28.120> sheep<00:11:28.390> and<00:11:28.660> the<00:11:29.230> turkeys<00:11:29.950> and the em and the sheep and the turkeys and the em and the sheep and the turkeys and the<00:11:32.310> what<00:11:33.310> else<00:11:33.460> what<00:11:33.700> else<00:11:33.730> does<00:11:33.940> he<00:11:34.060> have<00:11:34.240> all the what else what else does he have all the what else what else does he have all the<00:11:35.110> six<00:11:35.350> different<00:11:35.650> species<00:11:35.830> rabbits the six different species rabbits the six different species rabbits actually<00:11:36.760> are<00:11:36.910> all<00:11:37.330> performing<00:11:38.020> ecological actually are all performing ecological actually are all performing ecological services<00:11:39.280> for<00:11:39.460> one<00:11:39.580> another<00:11:39.820> such<00:11:40.150> that<00:11:40.390> the services for one another such that the services for one another such that the manure<00:11:41.020> of<00:11:41.110> one<00:11:41.410> is<00:11:41.590> the<00:11:41.710> lunch<00:11:41.920> for<00:11:42.190> the<00:11:42.280> other manure of one is the lunch for the other manure of one is the lunch for the other and<00:11:42.730> they<00:11:43.030> take<00:11:43.240> care<00:11:43.450> of<00:11:43.540> pests<00:11:43.750> for<00:11:43.960> one and they take care of pests for one and they take care of pests for one another<00:11:44.290> and<00:11:44.470> I<00:11:44.890> can't<00:11:45.190> it's<00:11:45.640> a<00:11:45.730> very another and I can't it's a very another and I can't it's a very elaborate<00:11:46.840> and<00:11:46.870> beautiful<00:11:47.020> dance<00:11:47.680> but<00:11:47.950> I'm elaborate and beautiful dance but I'm elaborate and beautiful dance but I'm going<00:11:48.160> to<00:11:48.220> just<00:11:48.370> give<00:11:48.880> you<00:11:48.970> a<00:11:49.030> close-up<00:11:49.360> on<00:11:49.690> one going to just give you a close-up on one going to just give you a close-up on one piece<00:11:50.020> of<00:11:50.230> it<00:11:50.320> and<00:11:50.440> that<00:11:50.830> is<00:11:50.950> the<00:11:51.070> relationship piece of it and that is the relationship piece of it and that is the relationship between<00:11:51.790> his<00:11:52.240> cattle<00:11:52.810> and<00:11:53.700> his<00:11:54.700> chickens<00:11:55.660> his between his cattle and his chickens his between his cattle and his chickens his laying<00:11:56.320> hens<00:11:56.530> and<00:11:56.800> I'll<00:11:57.580> show<00:11:57.820> you<00:11:57.880> how<00:11:58.150> if<00:11:58.330> you laying hens and I'll show you how if you laying hens and I'll show you how if you take<00:11:58.660> this<00:11:58.810> approach<00:11:59.170> what<00:11:59.860> you<00:11:59.980> get<00:12:00.280> okay<00:12:00.700> and take this approach what you get okay and take this approach what you get okay and this<00:12:01.390> is<00:12:01.450> a<00:12:01.570> lot<00:12:01.840> more<00:12:01.870> than<00:12:02.200> growing<00:12:02.470> food<00:12:02.710> as this is a lot more than growing food as this is a lot more than growing food as you'll<00:12:03.040> see<00:12:03.190> this<00:12:03.340> is<00:12:03.400> a<00:12:03.550> different<00:12:04.000> way<00:12:04.090> to you'll see this is a different way to you'll see this is a different way to think<00:12:04.270> about<00:12:04.660> nature<00:12:04.900> and<00:12:05.200> a<00:12:05.530> way<00:12:05.680> to<00:12:05.740> get<00:12:06.040> away think about nature and a way to get away think about nature and a way to get away from<00:12:06.640> the<00:12:07.000> zero-sum<00:12:07.590> notion<00:12:08.590> that<00:12:08.980> the from the zero-sum notion that the from the zero-sum notion that the Cartesian<00:12:10.540> idea<00:12:10.840> that<00:12:11.050> either<00:12:11.170> nature's Cartesian idea that either nature's Cartesian idea that either nature's winning<00:12:11.890> or<00:12:11.980> we're<00:12:12.130> winning<00:12:12.330> and<00:12:13.330> that<00:12:13.510> for<00:12:13.660> us winning or we're winning and that for us winning or we're winning and that for us to<00:12:13.900> get<00:12:14.020> what<00:12:14.170> we<00:12:14.260> want to get what we want to get what we want nature<00:12:14.950> is<00:12:15.040> diminished<00:12:15.460> so<00:12:16.060> one<00:12:16.780> day<00:12:17.020> cattle nature is diminished so one day cattle nature is diminished so one day cattle in<00:12:18.010> a<00:12:18.100> pen<00:12:18.400> the<00:12:18.610> only<00:12:18.790> technology<00:12:19.120> involved in a pen the only technology involved in a pen the only technology involved here<00:12:19.900> is<00:12:19.990> this<00:12:20.080> cheap<00:12:20.350> electric<00:12:20.860> fencing here is this cheap electric fencing here is this cheap electric fencing relatively<00:12:22.030> new relatively new relatively new up<00:12:23.040> to<00:12:23.160> a<00:12:23.190> car<00:12:23.460> battery<00:12:23.490> even<00:12:24.420> I<00:12:24.540> could<00:12:24.870> carry<00:12:25.110> a up to a car battery even I could carry a up to a car battery even I could carry a quarter-acre<00:12:25.530> paddock<00:12:26.130> set<00:12:26.460> it<00:12:26.580> up<00:12:26.670> in<00:12:26.820> 15 quarter-acre paddock set it up in 15 quarter-acre paddock set it up in 15 minutes minutes minutes cows<00:12:28.080> graze<00:12:28.410> one<00:12:28.710> day<00:12:29.030> they<00:12:30.030> move<00:12:30.270> okay cows graze one day they move okay cows graze one day they move okay they<00:12:31.140> graze<00:12:31.380> everything<00:12:31.800> down<00:12:31.950> intensive they graze everything down intensive they graze everything down intensive intensive<00:12:33.300> grazing<00:12:33.620> he<00:12:34.620> waits<00:12:34.800> three<00:12:35.160> days intensive grazing he waits three days intensive grazing he waits three days and<00:12:35.640> then<00:12:35.910> we<00:12:36.090> towed<00:12:36.360> in<00:12:36.570> something<00:12:36.990> called and then we towed in something called and then we towed in something called the<00:12:37.290> egg<00:12:37.440> mobile<00:12:37.890> the<00:12:38.460> egg<00:12:38.610> mobile<00:12:38.940> is<00:12:39.120> a<00:12:39.150> very the egg mobile the egg mobile is a very the egg mobile the egg mobile is a very rickety<00:12:40.740> contraption<00:12:41.460> it<00:12:41.550> looks<00:12:41.670> like<00:12:41.790> a rickety contraption it looks like a rickety contraption it looks like a Prairie<00:12:42.150> schooner<00:12:42.600> made<00:12:43.020> out<00:12:43.170> of<00:12:43.260> boards<00:12:43.830> but Prairie schooner made out of boards but Prairie schooner made out of boards but it<00:12:44.550> houses<00:12:45.000> 350<00:12:45.900> chickens<00:12:46.260> he<00:12:47.190> tows<00:12:47.640> this<00:12:47.850> into it houses 350 chickens he tows this into it houses 350 chickens he tows this into the<00:12:48.330> paddock<00:12:48.750> three<00:12:48.990> days<00:12:49.140> later<00:12:49.380> and<00:12:49.730> opens the paddock three days later and opens the paddock three days later and opens the<00:12:50.940> gangplank<00:12:52.250> turns<00:12:53.250> them<00:12:53.400> down<00:12:53.580> and<00:12:53.820> 350 the gangplank turns them down and 350 the gangplank turns them down and 350 hens<00:12:54.900> come<00:12:55.260> streaming<00:12:55.830> down<00:12:56.100> the<00:12:56.400> gangplank hens come streaming down the gangplank hens come streaming down the gangplank clucking<00:12:57.750> gossiping<00:12:58.320> as<00:12:58.470> chickens<00:12:58.830> will<00:12:59.010> and clucking gossiping as chickens will and clucking gossiping as chickens will and they<00:12:59.790> make<00:13:00.270> a<00:13:00.300> beeline<00:13:00.750> for<00:13:01.230> the<00:13:02.190> cow<00:13:02.430> patties they make a beeline for the cow patties they make a beeline for the cow patties and<00:13:03.660> what<00:13:04.200> they're<00:13:04.380> doing<00:13:04.710> is<00:13:04.830> very and what they're doing is very and what they're doing is very interesting interesting interesting they're<00:13:05.940> digging<00:13:06.300> through<00:13:06.660> the<00:13:06.780> cow<00:13:06.960> patties they're digging through the cow patties they're digging through the cow patties for<00:13:07.590> the<00:13:07.680> maggots<00:13:08.090> the<00:13:09.090> grub<00:13:09.390> the<00:13:09.600> larvae<00:13:10.080> of for the maggots the grub the larvae of for the maggots the grub the larvae of flies<00:13:10.320> and<00:13:11.100> the<00:13:11.700> reason<00:13:12.060> he's<00:13:12.240> waited<00:13:12.630> three flies and the reason he's waited three flies and the reason he's waited three days<00:13:13.140> is<00:13:13.530> because<00:13:14.010> he<00:13:14.370> knows<00:13:14.610> that<00:13:15.000> on<00:13:15.540> the days is because he knows that on the days is because he knows that on the fourth<00:13:16.470> day<00:13:16.740> or<00:13:16.890> the<00:13:17.010> fifth<00:13:17.250> day<00:13:17.490> those<00:13:17.790> larvae fourth day or the fifth day those larvae fourth day or the fifth day those larvae will<00:13:18.630> hatch<00:13:19.020> and<00:13:19.410> he'll<00:13:19.710> have<00:13:19.830> a<00:13:19.860> huge<00:13:20.130> fly will hatch and he'll have a huge fly will hatch and he'll have a huge fly problem<00:13:20.700> but<00:13:21.570> he<00:13:21.660> waits<00:13:21.840> that<00:13:22.140> long<00:13:22.200> to<00:13:22.740> grow problem but he waits that long to grow problem but he waits that long to grow them<00:13:23.250> as<00:13:23.460> big<00:13:23.850> and<00:13:24.500> juicy<00:13:25.500> and<00:13:25.860> tasty<00:13:26.130> as<00:13:26.430> he them as big and juicy and tasty as he them as big and juicy and tasty as he can<00:13:26.700> because<00:13:26.970> they<00:13:27.120> are<00:13:27.270> the<00:13:27.600> chickens can because they are the chickens can because they are the chickens favorite<00:13:28.470> form<00:13:28.710> of<00:13:28.830> protein<00:13:29.190> so<00:13:29.970> the<00:13:30.060> chickens favorite form of protein so the chickens favorite form of protein so the chickens do<00:13:30.630> their<00:13:30.780> kind<00:13:31.020> of<00:13:31.050> little<00:13:31.260> breakdance<00:13:31.770> and do their kind of little breakdance and do their kind of little breakdance and there<00:13:32.100> they're<00:13:32.520> pushing<00:13:32.880> around<00:13:33.180> the<00:13:33.420> manure there they're pushing around the manure there they're pushing around the manure to<00:13:34.620> get<00:13:34.740> at<00:13:34.830> the<00:13:34.920> grubs<00:13:35.220> and<00:13:35.550> in<00:13:36.390> the<00:13:36.480> process to get at the grubs and in the process to get at the grubs and in the process they're<00:13:37.620> spreading<00:13:38.040> the<00:13:38.220> manure<00:13:38.490> out<00:13:39.440> very they're spreading the manure out very they're spreading the manure out very useful<00:13:40.530> at<00:13:40.920> second<00:13:41.340> echo<00:13:41.460> system<00:13:41.850> service<00:13:42.210> and useful at second echo system service and useful at second echo system service and third<00:13:43.020> while<00:13:43.380> they're<00:13:43.590> in<00:13:43.740> this<00:13:44.150> paddock third while they're in this paddock third while they're in this paddock there<00:13:46.110> are<00:13:46.320> of<00:13:46.470> course<00:13:46.500> defecating<00:13:47.490> madly<00:13:48.030> and there are of course defecating madly and there are of course defecating madly and and<00:13:49.470> they're<00:13:50.310> very<00:13:50.490> nitrogenous<00:13:51.360> manure<00:13:51.720> is and they're very nitrogenous manure is and they're very nitrogenous manure is fertilizing<00:13:52.890> this<00:13:53.010> field<00:13:53.930> they<00:13:54.930> then<00:13:55.200> move fertilizing this field they then move fertilizing this field they then move out<00:13:55.950> to<00:13:56.160> the<00:13:56.190> next<00:13:56.520> one<00:13:56.700> and<00:13:56.940> in<00:13:57.600> the<00:13:57.810> course<00:13:58.080> of out to the next one and in the course of out to the next one and in the course of just<00:13:59.850> a<00:13:59.970> few<00:14:00.000> weeks<00:14:00.330> the<00:14:00.900> grass<00:14:01.230> just<00:14:01.710> enters just a few weeks the grass just enters just a few weeks the grass just enters his<00:14:02.160> blaze<00:14:02.610> of<00:14:02.940> growth<00:14:03.180> and<00:14:03.480> within<00:14:04.140> four<00:14:04.530> or his blaze of growth and within four or his blaze of growth and within four or five<00:14:04.770> weeks<00:14:05.040> he<00:14:05.430> can<00:14:05.640> do<00:14:05.760> it<00:14:05.850> again<00:14:06.120> he<00:14:06.390> can five weeks he can do it again he can five weeks he can do it again he can graze<00:14:07.110> again<00:14:07.500> you<00:14:07.680> can<00:14:07.800> cut<00:14:08.100> they<00:14:08.310> could<00:14:08.460> bring graze again you can cut they could bring graze again you can cut they could bring in<00:14:08.700> another<00:14:08.940> species<00:14:09.330> like<00:14:10.020> the<00:14:10.170> Lambs<00:14:10.410> or<00:14:10.710> he in another species like the Lambs or he in another species like the Lambs or he can<00:14:11.790> um<00:14:12.110> make<00:14:13.110> hay<00:14:13.260> for<00:14:13.530> the<00:14:13.620> winter<00:14:13.860> now<00:14:14.610> I can um make hay for the winter now I can um make hay for the winter now I want<00:14:15.780> you<00:14:15.840> to<00:14:15.960> just<00:14:16.110> look<00:14:16.200> really<00:14:16.590> close<00:14:16.920> up want you to just look really close up want you to just look really close up onto<00:14:17.340> what's<00:14:17.520> happened<00:14:17.850> there<00:14:17.940> so<00:14:18.090> it's<00:14:18.300> a onto what's happened there so it's a onto what's happened there so it's a very<00:14:18.570> productive<00:14:18.810> system<00:14:19.260> and<00:14:19.380> what<00:14:19.470> I<00:14:19.500> need very productive system and what I need very productive system and what I need to<00:14:19.710> tell<00:14:19.920> you<00:14:20.040> is<00:14:20.160> that<00:14:20.190> on<00:14:20.520> a<00:14:20.580> hundred<00:14:21.270> acres to tell you is that on a hundred acres to tell you is that on a hundred acres he<00:14:21.780> gets<00:14:21.960> 40,000<00:14:22.770> pounds<00:14:23.070> of<00:14:23.160> beef<00:14:23.340> 30,000 he gets 40,000 pounds of beef 30,000 he gets 40,000 pounds of beef 30,000 pounds<00:14:24.450> of<00:14:24.510> pork<00:14:24.890> 25,000<00:14:25.890> dozen<00:14:26.160> eggs<00:14:26.370> 20,000 pounds of pork 25,000 dozen eggs 20,000 pounds of pork 25,000 dozen eggs 20,000 boilers<00:14:27.690> a<00:14:27.720> thousand<00:14:28.350> turkeys<00:14:28.440> a<00:14:28.650> thousand boilers a thousand turkeys a thousand boilers a thousand turkeys a thousand rabbits<00:14:29.460> an<00:14:29.550> immense<00:14:30.450> amount<00:14:30.690> of<00:14:31.110> food<00:14:31.380> you rabbits an immense amount of food you rabbits an immense amount of food you know<00:14:31.710> you<00:14:31.740> here<00:14:32.040> can<00:14:32.190> organic<00:14:32.610> feed<00:14:32.760> the<00:14:32.910> world know you here can organic feed the world know you here can organic feed the world well<00:14:34.050> look<00:14:34.410> how<00:14:34.530> much<00:14:34.650> food well look how much food well look how much food can<00:14:35.100> produce<00:14:35.220> on<00:14:35.460> 100<00:14:35.760> acres<00:14:36.030> if<00:14:36.180> you<00:14:36.300> do<00:14:36.450> this can produce on 100 acres if you do this can produce on 100 acres if you do this kind<00:14:36.870> of<00:14:37.790> again<00:14:38.790> give<00:14:39.060> each<00:14:39.330> species<00:14:39.840> what<00:14:40.020> it kind of again give each species what it kind of again give each species what it want<00:14:40.290> let<00:14:40.890> it<00:14:41.010> really<00:14:41.340> realize<00:14:42.060> its<00:14:42.770> desires want let it really realize its desires want let it really realize its desires its<00:14:44.190> physiological<00:14:44.910> distinctiveness<00:14:45.480> put its physiological distinctiveness put its physiological distinctiveness put that<00:14:46.140> in<00:14:46.290> play<00:14:46.910> but<00:14:47.910> look<00:14:48.120> at<00:14:48.210> it<00:14:48.300> from<00:14:48.510> the that in play but look at it from the that in play but look at it from the point<00:14:48.840> of<00:14:48.900> view<00:14:48.960> of<00:14:49.080> the<00:14:49.260> grass<00:14:49.530> now<00:14:49.940> what point of view of the grass now what point of view of the grass now what happens<00:14:51.300> to<00:14:51.480> the<00:14:51.570> grass<00:14:51.780> when<00:14:52.080> you<00:14:52.170> do<00:14:52.290> this happens to the grass when you do this happens to the grass when you do this when<00:14:53.610> a<00:14:53.670> ruminant<00:14:54.150> grazes<00:14:54.960> grass<00:14:55.280> the<00:14:56.280> grass when a ruminant grazes grass the grass when a ruminant grazes grass the grass is<00:14:56.790> cut<00:14:57.330> from<00:14:57.630> this<00:14:57.840> height<00:14:58.080> to<00:14:58.290> this<00:14:58.440> height is cut from this height to this height is cut from this height to this height and<00:14:58.890> it<00:14:59.310> immediately<00:14:59.550> does<00:14:59.970> something<00:15:00.270> very and it immediately does something very and it immediately does something very interesting<00:15:00.720> anyone<00:15:01.350> of<00:15:01.470> you<00:15:01.560> who<00:15:01.710> Gardens interesting anyone of you who Gardens interesting anyone of you who Gardens knows<00:15:02.400> that<00:15:02.580> there<00:15:02.730> is<00:15:02.760> something<00:15:03.000> called<00:15:03.120> the knows that there is something called the knows that there is something called the root<00:15:03.570> shoot<00:15:03.900> ratio<00:15:04.380> and<00:15:04.620> plants<00:15:05.370> need<00:15:05.580> to<00:15:05.610> keep root shoot ratio and plants need to keep root shoot ratio and plants need to keep the<00:15:06.210> root<00:15:06.990> mass<00:15:07.580> in<00:15:08.580> some<00:15:08.970> rough<00:15:09.330> balance<00:15:09.630> with the root mass in some rough balance with the root mass in some rough balance with the<00:15:10.200> leaf<00:15:10.380> mass<00:15:10.650> to<00:15:11.160> be<00:15:11.280> happy<00:15:11.490> so<00:15:12.240> when<00:15:12.420> they the leaf mass to be happy so when they the leaf mass to be happy so when they lose<00:15:12.720> a<00:15:12.780> lot<00:15:12.930> of<00:15:13.080> leaf<00:15:13.350> mass<00:15:13.650> they<00:15:14.130> shed<00:15:14.550> roots lose a lot of leaf mass they shed roots lose a lot of leaf mass they shed roots they<00:15:15.960> kind<00:15:16.230> of<00:15:16.290> cauterize<00:15:16.830> them<00:15:17.100> and<00:15:17.250> the they kind of cauterize them and the they kind of cauterize them and the roots<00:15:17.760> die<00:15:18.180> and<00:15:18.600> the<00:15:19.200> species<00:15:19.680> in<00:15:19.860> the<00:15:19.890> soil<00:15:20.340> go roots die and the species in the soil go roots die and the species in the soil go to<00:15:20.760> work<00:15:21.860> basically<00:15:22.860> chewing<00:15:23.850> through<00:15:24.060> those to work basically chewing through those to work basically chewing through those roots<00:15:24.660> decomposing<00:15:25.560> them<00:15:25.680> the<00:15:26.100> earthworms roots decomposing them the earthworms roots decomposing them the earthworms the<00:15:26.850> fungi<00:15:27.210> the<00:15:27.240> bacteria<00:15:27.990> and<00:15:28.320> the<00:15:28.890> result<00:15:29.340> is the fungi the bacteria and the result is the fungi the bacteria and the result is new<00:15:30.840> soil<00:15:31.760> this<00:15:32.760> is<00:15:32.820> how<00:15:33.090> soil<00:15:33.390> is<00:15:33.570> created new soil this is how soil is created new soil this is how soil is created it's<00:15:34.290> created<00:15:34.680> from<00:15:34.770> the<00:15:34.890> bottom<00:15:35.310> up<00:15:35.520> this<00:15:35.820> is it's created from the bottom up this is it's created from the bottom up this is how<00:15:36.180> the<00:15:36.630> prairies<00:15:37.170> were<00:15:37.350> built<00:15:37.650> the how the prairies were built the how the prairies were built the relationship<00:15:38.460> between<00:15:38.610> bison<00:15:39.270> and<00:15:39.420> grasses relationship between bison and grasses relationship between bison and grasses and<00:15:41.010> what<00:15:41.940> I<00:15:41.970> realized<00:15:42.480> when<00:15:42.660> I<00:15:42.720> understood and what I realized when I understood and what I realized when I understood this<00:15:43.590> and<00:15:43.860> if<00:15:43.950> you<00:15:44.070> ask<00:15:44.280> Joel<00:15:44.610> Salatin<00:15:45.090> what<00:15:45.420> he this and if you ask Joel Salatin what he this and if you ask Joel Salatin what he is<00:15:45.660> he'll<00:15:45.900> tell<00:15:46.080> you<00:15:46.200> he's<00:15:46.380> not<00:15:46.560> a<00:15:46.620> chicken is he'll tell you he's not a chicken is he'll tell you he's not a chicken farmer<00:15:47.430> he's<00:15:47.880> not<00:15:48.210> a<00:15:48.710> sheep<00:15:49.710> farmer<00:15:50.100> he's<00:15:50.250> not farmer he's not a sheep farmer he's not farmer he's not a sheep farmer he's not a<00:15:50.430> cattle<00:15:50.790> rancher<00:15:51.180> he's<00:15:51.510> a<00:15:51.570> grass<00:15:52.050> farmer a cattle rancher he's a grass farmer a cattle rancher he's a grass farmer because<00:15:53.100> grass<00:15:53.670> is<00:15:54.030> really<00:15:54.480> the<00:15:54.630> keystone because grass is really the keystone because grass is really the keystone species<00:15:55.470> of<00:15:55.800> such<00:15:55.980> a<00:15:56.010> system<00:15:56.540> is<00:15:57.890> that<00:15:59.060> if<00:16:00.060> you species of such a system is that if you species of such a system is that if you think<00:16:01.080> about<00:16:01.290> it<00:16:01.440> this<00:16:01.560> completely think about it this completely think about it this completely contradicts<00:16:02.880> the<00:16:03.330> tragic<00:16:03.810> idea<00:16:04.110> of<00:16:04.230> nature<00:16:04.560> we contradicts the tragic idea of nature we contradicts the tragic idea of nature we hold<00:16:04.890> in<00:16:05.010> our<00:16:05.130> heads<00:16:06.620> which<00:16:07.620> is<00:16:07.800> that<00:16:08.040> for<00:16:08.460> us hold in our heads which is that for us hold in our heads which is that for us to<00:16:08.640> get<00:16:08.940> what<00:16:09.000> we<00:16:09.150> want<00:16:09.270> nature<00:16:09.960> is<00:16:10.200> diminished to get what we want nature is diminished to get what we want nature is diminished more<00:16:11.970> for<00:16:12.150> us<00:16:12.300> less<00:16:12.690> for<00:16:12.930> nature<00:16:14.330> here<00:16:15.330> all more for us less for nature here all more for us less for nature here all this<00:16:15.780> food<00:16:16.020> comes<00:16:16.290> off<00:16:16.470> this<00:16:16.680> farm<00:16:16.950> and<00:16:17.160> at<00:16:17.940> the this food comes off this farm and at the this food comes off this farm and at the end<00:16:18.180> of<00:16:18.300> the<00:16:18.390> season<00:16:18.810> there<00:16:19.320> is<00:16:19.500> actually<00:16:19.890> more end of the season there is actually more end of the season there is actually more soil<00:16:20.870> more<00:16:21.870> fertility<00:16:22.290> and<00:16:22.700> more soil more fertility and more soil more fertility and more biodiversity<00:16:25.460> it's<00:16:26.460> a<00:16:26.580> remarkably<00:16:27.330> hopeful biodiversity it's a remarkably hopeful biodiversity it's a remarkably hopeful thing<00:16:28.380> to<00:16:28.530> do<00:16:28.710> there<00:16:29.310> are<00:16:29.370> a<00:16:29.400> lot<00:16:29.520> of<00:16:29.550> farmers thing to do there are a lot of farmers thing to do there are a lot of farmers doing<00:16:30.120> this<00:16:30.300> today<00:16:30.480> this<00:16:31.080> is<00:16:31.320> well<00:16:31.860> beyond doing this today this is well beyond doing this today this is well beyond organic<00:16:32.730> agriculture<00:16:33.300> which<00:16:33.450> is<00:16:33.600> still<00:16:33.900> a organic agriculture which is still a organic agriculture which is still a Cartesian<00:16:34.920> system<00:16:35.130> more<00:16:35.460> or<00:16:35.490> less<00:16:35.610> and<00:16:37.340> what Cartesian system more or less and what Cartesian system more or less and what it<00:16:38.430> tells<00:16:38.670> you<00:16:38.940> is<00:16:38.970> that<00:16:39.210> if<00:16:39.330> you<00:16:39.360> begin<00:16:39.720> to it tells you is that if you begin to it tells you is that if you begin to take<00:16:40.800> account<00:16:41.220> of<00:16:41.370> other<00:16:41.550> species<00:16:42.170> take take account of other species take take account of other species take account<00:16:43.530> of<00:16:43.710> the<00:16:43.890> soil<00:16:44.220> that<00:16:45.120> even<00:16:45.600> with<00:16:45.930> with account of the soil that even with with account of the soil that even with with enough enough enough more<00:16:46.970> than<00:16:47.120> this<00:16:47.329> perspectival<00:16:48.320> idea<00:16:49.510> because more than this perspectival idea because more than this perspectival idea because there<00:16:50.660> is<00:16:50.779> no<00:16:50.990> technology<00:16:51.380> involved<00:16:52.040> here there is no technology involved here there is no technology involved here except<00:16:52.579> for<00:16:52.610> those<00:16:52.910> fences<00:16:53.389> which<00:16:54.079> could<00:16:54.589> be except for those fences which could be except for those fences which could be you<00:16:54.949> know<00:16:55.070> they're<00:16:55.250> so<00:16:55.490> cheap<00:16:55.730> they<00:16:55.940> could<00:16:56.120> be you know they're so cheap they could be you know they're so cheap they could be all<00:16:56.360> over<00:16:56.389> Africa<00:16:57.110> in<00:16:58.010> no<00:16:58.220> time<00:16:58.490> that<00:16:59.120> you<00:16:59.389> can all over Africa in no time that you can all over Africa in no time that you can we<00:17:00.920> can<00:17:00.949> take<00:17:01.339> the<00:17:01.519> food<00:17:01.699> we<00:17:01.880> need<00:17:02.029> from<00:17:02.269> the we can take the food we need from the we can take the food we need from the earth<00:17:02.510> and<00:17:03.040> actually<00:17:04.390> heal<00:17:05.390> the<00:17:05.600> earth<00:17:05.689> in<00:17:05.900> the earth and actually heal the earth in the earth and actually heal the earth in the process<00:17:06.459> this<00:17:07.459> this<00:17:08.179> is<00:17:08.360> a<00:17:08.390> way<00:17:08.600> to<00:17:08.630> reanimate process this this is a way to reanimate process this this is a way to reanimate the<00:17:09.500> world<00:17:09.679> and<00:17:10.610> that's<00:17:10.730> what's<00:17:10.970> so<00:17:11.089> exciting the world and that's what's so exciting the world and that's what's so exciting about<00:17:11.540> this<00:17:11.780> perspective<00:17:12.350> when<00:17:12.500> we<00:17:12.530> really about this perspective when we really about this perspective when we really begin<00:17:13.220> to<00:17:13.610> feel<00:17:13.910> darwin's<00:17:14.480> insights<00:17:14.929> in<00:17:15.140> our begin to feel darwin's insights in our begin to feel darwin's insights in our bones<00:17:15.500> the<00:17:16.160> things<00:17:16.400> we<00:17:16.549> can<00:17:16.699> do<00:17:16.850> with<00:17:17.480> nothing bones the things we can do with nothing bones the things we can do with nothing more<00:17:18.020> than<00:17:18.370> these<00:17:19.370> ideas<00:17:19.959> are<00:17:20.959> something<00:17:21.860> to more than these ideas are something to more than these ideas are something to be<00:17:22.069> very<00:17:22.220> helpful<00:17:22.610> about<00:17:22.669> thank<00:17:23.480> you<00:17:23.540> very be very helpful about thank you very be very helpful about thank you very much

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