The voice of the natural world - Bernie Krause
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
[Applause]
when<00:00:23.320> I<00:00:23.480> first<00:00:23.720> began<00:00:24.160> recording<00:00:24.720> wild
when I first began recording wild
when I first began recording wild
soundscapes<00:00:25.800> 45<00:00:26.439> years<00:00:26.679> ago<00:00:27.679> I<00:00:27.880> had<00:00:28.119> no<00:00:28.480> idea
soundscapes 45 years ago I had no idea
soundscapes 45 years ago I had no idea
that<00:00:29.240> ants<00:00:30.199> insect<00:00:30.720> larva<00:00:31.360> cnes<00:00:32.360> and<00:00:32.719> viruses
that ants insect larva cnes and viruses
that ants insect larva cnes and viruses
created<00:00:34.079> a<00:00:34.239> sound<00:00:34.960> signature<00:00:35.960> but<00:00:36.160> they<00:00:36.480> do
created a sound signature but they do
created a sound signature but they do
and<00:00:37.600> so<00:00:37.960> does<00:00:38.320> every<00:00:38.800> wild<00:00:39.280> habitat<00:00:39.760> on<00:00:39.879> the
and so does every wild habitat on the
and so does every wild habitat on the
planet<00:00:40.559> like<00:00:40.719> the<00:00:40.879> Amazon<00:00:41.280> rainforest<00:00:41.920> you're
planet like the Amazon rainforest you're
planet like the Amazon rainforest you're
hearing<00:00:42.480> behind<00:00:43.039> me<00:00:44.039> in<00:00:44.440> fact<00:00:45.440> tempered<00:00:45.879> and
hearing behind me in fact tempered and
hearing behind me in fact tempered and
tropical<00:00:46.640> rainforests<00:00:47.640> each<00:00:48.000> produce<00:00:48.440> a
tropical rainforests each produce a
tropical rainforests each produce a
vibrant<00:00:49.360> animal<00:00:49.840> orchestra<00:00:50.840> that
vibrant animal orchestra that
vibrant animal orchestra that
instantaneous<00:00:52.039> and<00:00:52.320> organized<00:00:53.120> expression
instantaneous and organized expression
instantaneous and organized expression
of<00:00:54.399> insects<00:00:55.160> reptiles<00:00:55.920> amphibians<00:00:56.680> birds<00:00:57.039> and
of insects reptiles amphibians birds and
of insects reptiles amphibians birds and
mammals<00:00:58.760> and<00:00:58.920> every<00:00:59.120> soundscape<00:00:59.719> that
mammals and every soundscape that
mammals and every soundscape that
Springs<00:01:00.320> from<00:01:00.440> a<00:01:00.600> wild<00:01:01.239> habitat<00:01:02.239> generates
Springs from a wild habitat generates
Springs from a wild habitat generates
its<00:01:02.960> own<00:01:03.280> unique<00:01:04.080> signature<00:01:05.080> one<00:01:05.280> that
its own unique signature one that
its own unique signature one that
contains<00:01:06.200> incredible<00:01:06.880> amounts<00:01:07.200> of
contains incredible amounts of
contains incredible amounts of
information<00:01:08.040> and<00:01:08.159> it's<00:01:08.360> some<00:01:08.479> of<00:01:08.640> that
information and it's some of that
information and it's some of that
information<00:01:09.840> I<00:01:09.920> want<00:01:10.040> to<00:01:10.159> share<00:01:10.520> with<00:01:10.680> you
information I want to share with you
information I want to share with you
today<00:01:12.560> the<00:01:12.720> soundscape<00:01:13.360> is<00:01:13.520> made<00:01:13.720> up<00:01:13.880> of<00:01:14.280> three
today the soundscape is made up of three
today the soundscape is made up of three
basic<00:01:15.000> sources<00:01:15.640> the<00:01:15.759> first<00:01:16.360> is<00:01:16.720> the<00:01:17.119> geophony
basic sources the first is the geophony
basic sources the first is the geophony
or<00:01:18.320> the<00:01:18.560> non-biological<00:01:19.560> sounds<00:01:20.000> that<00:01:20.159> occur
or the non-biological sounds that occur
or the non-biological sounds that occur
in<00:01:20.720> any<00:01:21.000> given<00:01:21.520> habitat<00:01:22.520> like<00:01:22.680> wind<00:01:22.920> in<00:01:23.079> the
in any given habitat like wind in the
in any given habitat like wind in the
trees<00:01:23.759> water<00:01:24.040> in<00:01:24.159> a<00:01:24.320> stream<00:01:24.960> waves<00:01:25.280> at<00:01:25.439> the
trees water in a stream waves at the
trees water in a stream waves at the
ocean<00:01:25.960> shore<00:01:26.720> movement<00:01:27.159> of<00:01:27.320> the<00:01:27.880> Earth<00:01:28.880> the
ocean shore movement of the Earth the
ocean shore movement of the Earth the
second<00:01:29.320> of<00:01:29.520> these<00:01:30.040> is<00:01:30.479> the<00:01:30.920> biophony<00:01:31.880> and<00:01:32.000> the
second of these is the biophony and the
second of these is the biophony and the
biophony<00:01:33.399> is<00:01:33.920> all<00:01:34.159> of<00:01:34.360> the<00:01:34.560> sound<00:01:35.000> that's
biophony is all of the sound that's
biophony is all of the sound that's
generated<00:01:35.960> by<00:01:36.200> organisms<00:01:36.840> in<00:01:36.960> a<00:01:37.159> given
generated by organisms in a given
generated by organisms in a given
habitat<00:01:38.759> at<00:01:38.920> one<00:01:39.280> time<00:01:39.880> and<00:01:40.000> in<00:01:40.240> one<00:01:40.920> place<00:01:41.920> and
habitat at one time and in one place and
habitat at one time and in one place and
the<00:01:42.360> third<00:01:43.360> is<00:01:43.720> all<00:01:43.920> of<00:01:44.079> the<00:01:44.240> sound<00:01:44.560> that<00:01:44.719> we
the third is all of the sound that we
the third is all of the sound that we
humans<00:01:45.600> generate<00:01:46.600> that's<00:01:46.880> called
humans generate that's called
humans generate that's called
anthrophony<00:01:48.079> some<00:01:48.439> of<00:01:48.560> it<00:01:48.719> is<00:01:49.000> controlled
anthrophony some of it is controlled
anthrophony some of it is controlled
like<00:01:50.240> music<00:01:50.560> or<00:01:50.799> theater<00:01:51.680> but<00:01:51.880> most<00:01:52.119> of<00:01:52.320> it<00:01:52.840> is
like music or theater but most of it is
like music or theater but most of it is
chaotic<00:01:53.600> and
chaotic and
chaotic and
incoherent<00:01:55.880> which<00:01:56.240> some<00:01:56.399> of<00:01:56.520> us<00:01:56.759> refer<00:01:57.079> to<00:01:57.280> as
incoherent which some of us refer to as
incoherent which some of us refer to as
noise<00:01:59.280> there<00:01:59.439> was<00:01:59.560> a<00:02:00.000> time<00:02:00.159> when<00:02:00.280> I<00:02:00.439> considered
noise there was a time when I considered
noise there was a time when I considered
wild<00:02:01.119> soundscapes<00:02:01.880> to<00:02:02.000> be<00:02:02.399> a<00:02:02.560> worthless
wild soundscapes to be a worthless
wild soundscapes to be a worthless
artifact<00:02:03.600> they<00:02:03.719> were<00:02:03.920> just<00:02:04.200> there<00:02:04.439> but<00:02:04.600> they
artifact they were just there but they
artifact they were just there but they
had<00:02:05.399> no
had no
had no
significance<00:02:07.880> well<00:02:08.039> I<00:02:08.160> was<00:02:08.360> wrong<00:02:09.160> what<00:02:09.319> I
significance well I was wrong what I
significance well I was wrong what I
learned<00:02:09.840> from<00:02:10.039> these<00:02:10.599> encounters<00:02:11.599> was<00:02:11.840> that
learned from these encounters was that
learned from these encounters was that
careful<00:02:12.520> listening<00:02:13.440> gives<00:02:13.680> us<00:02:14.000> incredibly
careful listening gives us incredibly
careful listening gives us incredibly
valuable<00:02:15.440> tools<00:02:16.000> by<00:02:16.160> which<00:02:16.319> to<00:02:16.599> evaluate<00:02:17.120> the
valuable tools by which to evaluate the
valuable tools by which to evaluate the
health<00:02:17.480> of<00:02:17.599> a<00:02:17.840> habitat<00:02:18.760> across<00:02:19.120> the<00:02:19.319> entire
health of a habitat across the entire
health of a habitat across the entire
spectrum<00:02:20.319> of
spectrum of
spectrum of
life<00:02:22.280> when<00:02:22.440> I<00:02:22.599> began<00:02:23.000> recording<00:02:24.000> in<00:02:24.120> the<00:02:24.280> late
life when I began recording in the late
life when I began recording in the late
60s<00:02:26.160> the<00:02:26.680> typical<00:02:27.200> methods<00:02:27.599> of<00:02:27.840> recording
60s the typical methods of recording
60s the typical methods of recording
were<00:02:28.519> limited<00:02:28.920> to<00:02:29.080> the<00:02:29.280> fragment<00:02:30.280> capture<00:02:30.840> of
were limited to the fragment capture of
were limited to the fragment capture of
individual<00:02:32.519> species<00:02:33.519> like<00:02:33.959> birds<00:02:34.959> uh<00:02:35.200> mostly
individual species like birds uh mostly
individual species like birds uh mostly
in<00:02:35.680> the<00:02:35.800> beginning<00:02:36.280> but<00:02:36.519> later<00:02:37.519> animals<00:02:38.160> like
in the beginning but later animals like
in the beginning but later animals like
um<00:02:38.760> mammals<00:02:39.440> and<00:02:39.879> uh<00:02:40.000> and
um mammals and uh and
um mammals and uh and
amphibians<00:02:42.680> to<00:02:42.879> me<00:02:43.480> this<00:02:43.599> was<00:02:43.760> a<00:02:43.920> little<00:02:44.200> like
amphibians to me this was a little like
amphibians to me this was a little like
trying<00:02:44.800> to<00:02:45.360> understand<00:02:45.599> the<00:02:45.879> magnificence<00:02:46.599> of
trying to understand the magnificence of
trying to understand the magnificence of
Beethoven's<00:02:47.480> Fifth<00:02:47.840> Symphony<00:02:48.640> by
Beethoven's Fifth Symphony by
Beethoven's Fifth Symphony by
abstracting<00:02:49.560> the<00:02:49.720> sound<00:02:50.000> of<00:02:50.120> a<00:02:50.360> single<00:02:50.800> violin
abstracting the sound of a single violin
abstracting the sound of a single violin
player<00:02:51.720> out<00:02:51.879> of<00:02:52.000> the<00:02:52.200> context<00:02:52.640> of<00:02:52.800> the
player out of the context of the
player out of the context of the
orchestra<00:02:54.040> and<00:02:54.200> hearing<00:02:54.920> just<00:02:55.200> that<00:02:55.400> one
orchestra and hearing just that one
orchestra and hearing just that one
part<00:02:57.879> fortunately<00:02:58.879> more<00:02:59.040> and<00:02:59.200> more<00:02:59.400> instit
part fortunately more and more instit
part fortunately more and more instit
tions<00:03:00.200> are<00:03:00.360> implementing<00:03:00.959> the<00:03:01.120> more<00:03:01.360> holistic
tions are implementing the more holistic
tions are implementing the more holistic
models<00:03:02.400> that<00:03:02.560> I<00:03:02.640> and<00:03:02.760> a<00:03:02.879> few<00:03:03.040> of<00:03:03.200> my<00:03:03.440> colleagues
models that I and a few of my colleagues
models that I and a few of my colleagues
have<00:03:04.080> introduced<00:03:04.599> to<00:03:04.720> the<00:03:04.879> field<00:03:05.560> of
have introduced to the field of
have introduced to the field of
soundscape
soundscape
soundscape
ecology<00:03:09.120> when<00:03:09.280> I<00:03:09.480> began<00:03:10.400> recording<00:03:11.400> four<00:03:11.720> over
ecology when I began recording four over
ecology when I began recording four over
four<00:03:12.280> decades<00:03:12.760> ago<00:03:13.760> I<00:03:13.879> could<00:03:14.120> record<00:03:14.599> for<00:03:15.200> 10
four decades ago I could record for 10
four decades ago I could record for 10
hours<00:03:16.000> and<00:03:16.239> capture<00:03:16.680> one<00:03:16.879> hour<00:03:17.120> of<00:03:17.280> usable
hours and capture one hour of usable
hours and capture one hour of usable
material<00:03:18.360> good<00:03:18.560> enough<00:03:18.799> for<00:03:19.000> an<00:03:19.239> album<00:03:19.599> or<00:03:19.760> a
material good enough for an album or a
material good enough for an album or a
film<00:03:20.480> soundtrack<00:03:21.480> or<00:03:21.840> a<00:03:22.000> museum
film soundtrack or a museum
film soundtrack or a museum
installation<00:03:24.360> now<00:03:24.720> because<00:03:24.959> of<00:03:25.239> global
installation now because of global
installation now because of global
warming<00:03:26.879> resource<00:03:27.519> extraction<00:03:28.319> and<00:03:28.560> human
warming resource extraction and human
warming resource extraction and human
noise<00:03:29.200> among<00:03:29.439> many<00:03:29.840> other<00:03:30.200> factors<00:03:31.200> it<00:03:31.319> can
noise among many other factors it can
noise among many other factors it can
take<00:03:31.799> up<00:03:31.959> to<00:03:32.200> a<00:03:32.400> thousand<00:03:32.879> hours<00:03:33.239> or<00:03:33.480> more<00:03:34.200> to
take up to a thousand hours or more to
take up to a thousand hours or more to
capture<00:03:35.200> the<00:03:35.360> same<00:03:36.080> thing<00:03:37.080> fully<00:03:37.799> 50%<00:03:38.680> of<00:03:38.879> my
capture the same thing fully 50% of my
capture the same thing fully 50% of my
archive<00:03:40.000> comes<00:03:40.280> from<00:03:40.640> habitats<00:03:41.640> so<00:03:42.040> radically
archive comes from habitats so radically
archive comes from habitats so radically
altered<00:03:43.599> that<00:03:43.799> they're<00:03:44.080> either<00:03:44.519> altogether
altered that they're either altogether
altered that they're either altogether
silent<00:03:46.120> or<00:03:46.319> could<00:03:46.519> no<00:03:46.720> longer<00:03:47.080> be<00:03:47.280> heard<00:03:48.000> in
silent or could no longer be heard in
silent or could no longer be heard in
any<00:03:48.400> of<00:03:48.519> their<00:03:48.760> original
any of their original
any of their original
form<00:03:50.799> the<00:03:50.959> usual<00:03:51.400> methods<00:03:51.720> of<00:03:51.959> evaluating<00:03:52.519> a
form the usual methods of evaluating a
form the usual methods of evaluating a
habitat<00:03:53.159> have<00:03:53.319> been<00:03:53.439> done<00:03:53.760> by<00:03:54.040> visually
habitat have been done by visually
habitat have been done by visually
counting<00:03:54.959> the<00:03:55.159> numbers<00:03:55.519> of<00:03:55.799> species<00:03:56.319> and<00:03:56.439> the
counting the numbers of species and the
counting the numbers of species and the
numbers<00:03:56.840> of<00:03:57.040> individuals<00:03:57.799> within<00:03:58.079> each
numbers of individuals within each
numbers of individuals within each
species<00:03:58.680> in<00:03:58.799> a<00:03:58.959> given<00:03:59.239> area
species in a given area
species in a given area
however<00:04:01.879> by<00:04:02.120> comparing<00:04:02.760> data<00:04:03.120> that<00:04:03.360> ties
however by comparing data that ties
however by comparing data that ties
together<00:04:04.280> both<00:04:04.640> density<00:04:05.120> and<00:04:05.319> diversity<00:04:05.920> from
together both density and diversity from
together both density and diversity from
what<00:04:06.319> we<00:04:06.599> hear<00:04:07.599> I'm<00:04:07.840> able<00:04:08.040> to<00:04:08.280> arrive<00:04:08.720> at<00:04:09.000> much
what we hear I'm able to arrive at much
what we hear I'm able to arrive at much
more<00:04:09.480> precise<00:04:10.040> Fitness
more precise Fitness
more precise Fitness
outcomes<00:04:12.560> and<00:04:12.680> I<00:04:12.760> want<00:04:12.879> to<00:04:13.040> show<00:04:13.280> you<00:04:13.480> some
outcomes and I want to show you some
outcomes and I want to show you some
examples<00:04:14.439> that<00:04:14.640> typify<00:04:15.200> the<00:04:15.439> possibilities
examples that typify the possibilities
examples that typify the possibilities
unlocked<00:04:17.199> by<00:04:17.639> diving<00:04:18.040> into<00:04:18.400> this
unlocked by diving into this
unlocked by diving into this
universe<00:04:20.400> this<00:04:20.519> is<00:04:20.680> Lincoln<00:04:21.040> Meadow<00:04:21.560> Lincoln
universe this is Lincoln Meadow Lincoln
universe this is Lincoln Meadow Lincoln
Meadow<00:04:22.120> is<00:04:22.199> a<00:04:22.320> 3<00:04:22.479> and<00:04:22.560> 1<00:04:22.720> half<00:04:22.919> hour<00:04:23.199> drive<00:04:23.600> east
Meadow is a 3 and 1 half hour drive east
Meadow is a 3 and 1 half hour drive east
of<00:04:24.120> San<00:04:24.360> Francisco<00:04:24.919> in<00:04:25.040> the<00:04:25.160> Sierra<00:04:25.520> Nevada
of San Francisco in the Sierra Nevada
of San Francisco in the Sierra Nevada
mountains<00:04:26.639> at<00:04:26.800> about<00:04:27.040> 2,000<00:04:27.560> M<00:04:28.000> altitude<00:04:28.479> and
mountains at about 2,000 M altitude and
mountains at about 2,000 M altitude and
I've<00:04:28.720> been<00:04:28.919> recording<00:04:29.280> there<00:04:29.440> for<00:04:29.840> many
I've been recording there for many
I've been recording there for many
years<00:04:31.680> in<00:04:32.039> 1988<00:04:33.039> a<00:04:33.199> Logging<00:04:33.720> Company
years in 1988 a Logging Company
years in 1988 a Logging Company
convinced<00:04:34.680> local<00:04:35.080> residents<00:04:35.639> that<00:04:35.800> there'd
convinced local residents that there'd
convinced local residents that there'd
be<00:04:36.520> absolutely<00:04:37.080> no<00:04:37.400> environmental<00:04:38.080> impact
be absolutely no environmental impact
be absolutely no environmental impact
from<00:04:39.000> a<00:04:39.160> new<00:04:39.360> method<00:04:39.639> they<00:04:39.759> were<00:04:39.919> trying
from a new method they were trying
from a new method they were trying
called<00:04:40.880> selective<00:04:41.360> logging<00:04:42.280> taking<00:04:42.600> out<00:04:42.759> a
called selective logging taking out a
called selective logging taking out a
tree<00:04:43.240> here<00:04:43.400> and<00:04:43.600> there<00:04:43.840> rather<00:04:44.080> than<00:04:44.440> clear
tree here and there rather than clear
tree here and there rather than clear
cutting<00:04:45.000> a<00:04:45.120> whole
cutting a whole
cutting a whole
area<00:04:47.199> with<00:04:47.400> permission<00:04:47.800> granted<00:04:48.160> to<00:04:48.320> record
area with permission granted to record
area with permission granted to record
both<00:04:49.080> before<00:04:49.360> and<00:04:49.560> after<00:04:49.840> the<00:04:50.039> operation<00:04:50.560> I
both before and after the operation I
both before and after the operation I
set<00:04:50.880> up<00:04:51.080> my<00:04:51.240> gear<00:04:52.240> and<00:04:52.479> captured<00:04:52.840> a<00:04:53.000> large
set up my gear and captured a large
set up my gear and captured a large
number<00:04:53.680> of<00:04:53.840> dawn<00:04:54.240> choruses<00:04:55.240> to<00:04:55.560> very<00:04:55.840> strict
number of dawn choruses to very strict
number of dawn choruses to very strict
protocol<00:04:57.240> and<00:04:57.479> calibrated<00:04:58.199> recordings
protocol and calibrated recordings
protocol and calibrated recordings
because<00:04:58.880> I<00:04:58.960> wanted<00:04:59.199> a<00:04:59.320> really<00:04:59.960> Baseline<00:05:00.960> and
because I wanted a really Baseline and
because I wanted a really Baseline and
this<00:05:01.240> is<00:05:01.400> an<00:05:01.600> example<00:05:02.160> of<00:05:02.280> a<00:05:02.440> spectrogram<00:05:03.039> a
this is an example of a spectrogram a
this is an example of a spectrogram a
spectrogram<00:05:03.680> is<00:05:03.800> a<00:05:04.000> graphic<00:05:04.440> illustration<00:05:05.120> of
spectrogram is a graphic illustration of
spectrogram is a graphic illustration of
sound<00:05:05.800> with<00:05:06.039> time<00:05:06.720> from<00:05:06.919> left<00:05:07.120> to<00:05:07.320> right
sound with time from left to right
sound with time from left to right
across<00:05:08.039> the<00:05:08.240> page<00:05:08.800> 15<00:05:09.280> seconds<00:05:09.639> in<00:05:09.840> this<00:05:10.039> case
across the page 15 seconds in this case
across the page 15 seconds in this case
is<00:05:10.600> represented<00:05:11.600> and<00:05:11.759> frequency<00:05:12.320> from<00:05:12.520> the
is represented and frequency from the
is represented and frequency from the
bottom<00:05:12.919> of<00:05:13.039> the<00:05:13.160> page<00:05:13.440> to<00:05:13.600> the<00:05:13.800> top<00:05:14.080> lowest<00:05:14.479> to
bottom of the page to the top lowest to
bottom of the page to the top lowest to
highest<00:05:15.160> and<00:05:15.280> you<00:05:15.360> can<00:05:15.479> see<00:05:16.240> that<00:05:16.400> the
highest and you can see that the
highest and you can see that the
signature<00:05:17.080> of<00:05:17.199> a<00:05:17.840> stream<00:05:18.840> is<00:05:19.319> represented
signature of a stream is represented
signature of a stream is represented
here<00:05:20.560> in<00:05:20.759> the<00:05:20.919> bottom<00:05:21.360> third<00:05:21.720> or<00:05:21.960> half<00:05:22.199> of<00:05:22.360> the
here in the bottom third or half of the
here in the bottom third or half of the
page<00:05:23.360> while<00:05:23.759> birds<00:05:24.759> that<00:05:25.120> were<00:05:25.520> once<00:05:25.759> in<00:05:25.960> that
page while birds that were once in that
page while birds that were once in that
meow<00:05:26.919> are<00:05:27.360> represented<00:05:27.919> in<00:05:28.080> the<00:05:28.240> signature
meow are represented in the signature
meow are represented in the signature
across<00:05:29.240> the<00:05:29.400> top<00:05:29.759> there<00:05:29.919> a<00:05:30.000> lot<00:05:30.160> of<00:05:30.360> them<00:05:30.880> and
across the top there a lot of them and
across the top there a lot of them and
here's<00:05:31.240> Lincoln<00:05:31.600> meow<00:05:32.039> before<00:05:32.400> selective
logging<00:05:49.440> well<00:05:49.600> a<00:05:49.720> year<00:05:49.960> later<00:05:50.280> I<00:05:50.639> returned<00:05:50.919> and
logging well a year later I returned and
logging well a year later I returned and
using<00:05:51.440> the<00:05:51.600> same<00:05:51.919> protocols<00:05:52.840> and<00:05:53.039> recording
using the same protocols and recording
using the same protocols and recording
under<00:05:53.800> the<00:05:53.919> same<00:05:54.479> conditions<00:05:55.479> I<00:05:55.600> recorded<00:05:56.080> a
under the same conditions I recorded a
under the same conditions I recorded a
number<00:05:56.560> of<00:05:56.800> examples<00:05:57.560> in<00:05:57.840> same<00:05:58.160> Dawn<00:05:58.440> choruses
number of examples in same Dawn choruses
number of examples in same Dawn choruses
and<00:06:00.280> now<00:06:00.639> this<00:06:00.800> is<00:06:01.039> what<00:06:01.199> we've<00:06:01.440> got<00:06:01.680> this<00:06:01.800> is
and now this is what we've got this is
and now this is what we've got this is
after<00:06:02.280> selective<00:06:02.759> logging<00:06:03.160> you<00:06:03.240> can<00:06:03.360> see<00:06:03.560> that
after selective logging you can see that
after selective logging you can see that
the<00:06:03.840> stream<00:06:04.160> is<00:06:04.280> still<00:06:04.560> represented<00:06:05.120> in<00:06:05.240> the
the stream is still represented in the
the stream is still represented in the
bottom<00:06:05.639> third<00:06:05.880> of<00:06:06.000> the<00:06:06.240> page<00:06:07.120> but<00:06:07.280> notice
bottom third of the page but notice
bottom third of the page but notice
what's<00:06:07.960> missing<00:06:08.639> in<00:06:08.800> the<00:06:09.039> top
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause]
2/3<00:06:17.479> coming<00:06:17.759> up<00:06:17.919> is<00:06:18.160> the<00:06:18.319> sound<00:06:18.560> of<00:06:18.680> a
[Applause]
woodpecker<00:06:26.520> well<00:06:26.720> I've<00:06:27.000> returned<00:06:27.160> to<00:06:27.280> Lincoln
woodpecker well I've returned to Lincoln
woodpecker well I've returned to Lincoln
Meadow<00:06:28.080> 15<00:06:28.720> times<00:06:29.039> in<00:06:29.160> the<00:06:29.280> last<00:06:29.639> 25<00:06:30.199> years<00:06:30.440> and
Meadow 15 times in the last 25 years and
Meadow 15 times in the last 25 years and
I<00:06:30.720> can<00:06:30.919> tell<00:06:31.319> you<00:06:32.319> that<00:06:32.639> the<00:06:33.280> biophony<00:06:34.280> the<00:06:34.759> uh
I can tell you that the biophony the uh
I can tell you that the biophony the uh
density<00:06:35.400> and<00:06:35.599> diversity<00:06:36.120> of<00:06:36.280> that<00:06:36.479> biophony
density and diversity of that biophony
density and diversity of that biophony
has<00:06:37.280> not<00:06:37.560> yet<00:06:37.880> returned<00:06:38.160> to<00:06:38.360> anything<00:06:38.720> like<00:06:38.880> it
has not yet returned to anything like it
has not yet returned to anything like it
was<00:06:39.759> before<00:06:40.120> the
was before the
was before the
operation<00:06:41.960> but<00:06:42.120> here's<00:06:42.280> a<00:06:42.479> picture<00:06:42.720> of
operation but here's a picture of
operation but here's a picture of
Lincoln<00:06:43.199> Meadow<00:06:43.599> taken<00:06:44.039> after<00:06:44.919> and<00:06:45.039> you<00:06:45.160> can
Lincoln Meadow taken after and you can
Lincoln Meadow taken after and you can
see<00:06:45.759> that<00:06:46.280> from<00:06:46.440> the<00:06:46.680> perspective<00:06:47.199> of<00:06:47.319> the
see that from the perspective of the
see that from the perspective of the
camera<00:06:48.039> or<00:06:48.199> the<00:06:48.360> human<00:06:48.680> eye<00:06:49.360> hardly<00:06:49.720> a<00:06:49.919> stick
camera or the human eye hardly a stick
camera or the human eye hardly a stick
or<00:06:50.440> a<00:06:50.560> tree<00:06:50.960> appears<00:06:51.280> to<00:06:51.400> be<00:06:51.599> out<00:06:51.759> of<00:06:52.000> place
or a tree appears to be out of place
or a tree appears to be out of place
which<00:06:52.479> would<00:06:52.680> confirm<00:06:53.039> the<00:06:53.160> logging
which would confirm the logging
which would confirm the logging
company's<00:06:54.199> contention<00:06:55.199> that<00:06:55.319> there's
company's contention that there's
company's contention that there's
nothing<00:06:55.879> of<00:06:56.120> environmental<00:06:57.199> impact<00:06:58.199> however
nothing of environmental impact however
nothing of environmental impact however
our<00:06:59.199> ears<00:06:59.680> tell<00:06:59.919> us<00:07:00.039> a<00:07:00.479> very<00:07:00.919> different
our ears tell us a very different
our ears tell us a very different
story<00:07:04.360> young<00:07:04.599> students<00:07:04.960> are<00:07:05.160> always<00:07:05.440> asking
story young students are always asking
story young students are always asking
me<00:07:06.000> what<00:07:06.199> these<00:07:06.400> animals<00:07:06.759> are<00:07:07.000> saying<00:07:07.400> and
me what these animals are saying and
me what these animals are saying and
really<00:07:08.360> I've<00:07:08.520> got<00:07:09.080> no<00:07:09.520> idea<00:07:10.520> but
really I've got no idea but
really I've got no idea but
I<00:07:13.080> but<00:07:13.720> I<00:07:13.879> can<00:07:14.160> tell<00:07:14.440> you<00:07:15.400> uh<00:07:15.840> that<00:07:16.199> they<00:07:16.360> do
I but I can tell you uh that they do
I but I can tell you uh that they do
Express<00:07:17.240> themselves<00:07:17.720> whether<00:07:17.879> or<00:07:18.000> not<00:07:18.120> we
Express themselves whether or not we
Express themselves whether or not we
understand<00:07:18.720> it<00:07:18.879> is<00:07:19.039> a<00:07:19.199> different<00:07:19.520> story<00:07:20.520> I<00:07:20.599> was
understand it is a different story I was
understand it is a different story I was
walking<00:07:21.039> along<00:07:21.280> the<00:07:21.400> shore<00:07:21.639> in<00:07:22.000> Alaska<00:07:23.000> and<00:07:23.160> I
walking along the shore in Alaska and I
walking along the shore in Alaska and I
came<00:07:23.520> across<00:07:23.960> this<00:07:24.199> tide<00:07:24.560> pool<00:07:25.400> filled<00:07:25.800> with<00:07:26.000> a
came across this tide pool filled with a
came across this tide pool filled with a
colony<00:07:26.879> of<00:07:27.120> C<00:07:27.479> anemones<00:07:28.199> these<00:07:28.440> wonderful
colony of C anemones these wonderful
colony of C anemones these wonderful
eating<00:07:29.479> eating<00:07:29.759> machines<00:07:30.400> relatives<00:07:30.840> of
eating eating machines relatives of
eating eating machines relatives of
coral<00:07:31.479> and<00:07:32.120> jellyfish<00:07:33.120> and<00:07:33.319> curious<00:07:33.680> to<00:07:33.800> see
coral and jellyfish and curious to see
coral and jellyfish and curious to see
if<00:07:34.120> any<00:07:34.280> of<00:07:34.400> them<00:07:34.560> made<00:07:34.800> any<00:07:35.039> noise<00:07:35.400> I<00:07:35.520> dropped
if any of them made any noise I dropped
if any of them made any noise I dropped
a<00:07:36.080> hydrophone<00:07:36.720> an<00:07:36.960> underwater<00:07:37.720> microphone
a hydrophone an underwater microphone
a hydrophone an underwater microphone
covered<00:07:38.759> in<00:07:39.039> rubber<00:07:39.879> down<00:07:40.120> the<00:07:40.280> mouth<00:07:40.639> part
covered in rubber down the mouth part
covered in rubber down the mouth part
and<00:07:41.039> immediately<00:07:41.639> the<00:07:41.759> Critter<00:07:42.160> began<00:07:42.400> to
and immediately the Critter began to
and immediately the Critter began to
absorb<00:07:43.280> the<00:07:43.440> microphone<00:07:43.960> into<00:07:44.280> its<00:07:44.520> belly<00:07:44.960> and
absorb the microphone into its belly and
absorb the microphone into its belly and
the<00:07:45.639> tentacles<00:07:46.319> were<00:07:46.560> searching<00:07:47.000> out<00:07:47.199> the
the tentacles were searching out the
the tentacles were searching out the
surface<00:07:47.759> for<00:07:48.000> something<00:07:48.360> of<00:07:48.560> nutritional
surface for something of nutritional
surface for something of nutritional
value<00:07:49.919> the<00:07:50.120> static<00:07:50.560> like<00:07:50.800> sounds<00:07:51.280> that<00:07:51.360> are
value the static like sounds that are
value the static like sounds that are
very<00:07:51.840> low<00:07:52.400> that<00:07:52.520> you're<00:07:52.639> going<00:07:52.759> to<00:07:52.879> hear<00:07:53.159> right
now<00:07:58.919> yeah<00:07:59.280> but<00:07:59.560> watch<00:07:59.960> when<00:08:00.120> it<00:08:00.280> didn't<00:08:00.560> find
now yeah but watch when it didn't find
now yeah but watch when it didn't find
anything<00:08:01.360> to
eat<00:08:06.479> I<00:08:06.560> think<00:08:06.759> that's<00:08:06.919> an<00:08:07.120> expression<00:08:07.560> that
eat I think that's an expression that
eat I think that's an expression that
could<00:08:07.800> be<00:08:07.919> understood<00:08:08.360> in<00:08:08.520> any
language<00:08:14.680> at<00:08:14.840> the<00:08:14.919> end<00:08:15.080> of<00:08:15.199> its<00:08:15.360> breeding
language at the end of its breeding
language at the end of its breeding
cycle<00:08:16.159> the<00:08:16.319> Great<00:08:16.520> Basin<00:08:17.000> spadefoot<00:08:17.639> toad
cycle the Great Basin spadefoot toad
cycle the Great Basin spadefoot toad
digs<00:08:18.560> itself<00:08:19.159> down<00:08:19.479> about<00:08:19.680> a<00:08:19.879> meter<00:08:20.199> under<00:08:20.479> the
digs itself down about a meter under the
digs itself down about a meter under the
hard<00:08:20.960> pan<00:08:21.280> desert<00:08:21.680> soil<00:08:22.080> of<00:08:22.199> the<00:08:22.360> American
hard pan desert soil of the American
hard pan desert soil of the American
West<00:08:23.759> where<00:08:23.919> it<00:08:24.039> can<00:08:24.199> stay<00:08:24.400> for<00:08:24.599> many<00:08:24.840> seasons
West where it can stay for many seasons
West where it can stay for many seasons
until<00:08:25.840> conditions<00:08:26.120> are<00:08:26.479> just<00:08:26.800> right<00:08:27.000> for<00:08:27.240> it
until conditions are just right for it
until conditions are just right for it
to<00:08:27.520> emerge<00:08:28.080> again<00:08:29.080> and<00:08:29.159> when<00:08:29.280> there's<00:08:29.599> enough
to emerge again and when there's enough
to emerge again and when there's enough
moisture<00:08:30.159> in<00:08:30.280> the<00:08:30.400> soil<00:08:30.720> in<00:08:30.840> the<00:08:31.000> spring<00:08:31.639> frogs
moisture in the soil in the spring frogs
moisture in the soil in the spring frogs
will<00:08:32.240> dig<00:08:32.599> themselves<00:08:32.880> to<00:08:33.080> the<00:08:33.240> surface<00:08:33.959> and
will dig themselves to the surface and
will dig themselves to the surface and
gather<00:08:35.039> around<00:08:35.479> these<00:08:35.880> large<00:08:36.719> U<00:08:36.919> vernal<00:08:37.479> pools
gather around these large U vernal pools
gather around these large U vernal pools
in<00:08:38.399> in<00:08:38.599> great<00:08:38.919> numbers<00:08:39.919> and<00:08:40.039> they<00:08:40.240> vocalize<00:08:41.039> in
in in great numbers and they vocalize in
in in great numbers and they vocalize in
a<00:08:41.800> in<00:08:41.919> a<00:08:42.640> chorus<00:08:43.640> that's<00:08:44.440> absolutely<00:08:45.080> insync
a in a chorus that's absolutely insync
a in a chorus that's absolutely insync
with<00:08:46.080> one<00:08:46.279> another<00:08:46.640> and<00:08:46.760> they<00:08:46.880> do<00:08:47.080> that<00:08:47.200> for
with one another and they do that for
with one another and they do that for
two<00:08:47.640> reasons<00:08:48.160> the<00:08:48.320> first<00:08:48.760> is<00:08:49.760> competitive
two reasons the first is competitive
two reasons the first is competitive
because<00:08:50.560> they're<00:08:50.760> looking<00:08:50.959> for<00:08:51.160> mates<00:08:51.519> and
because they're looking for mates and
because they're looking for mates and
the<00:08:51.800> second<00:08:52.080> is<00:08:52.320> cooperative<00:08:52.959> because<00:08:53.160> of
the second is cooperative because of
the second is cooperative because of
they're<00:08:53.519> all<00:08:53.720> vocalizing<00:08:54.320> in<00:08:54.480> sync<00:08:54.959> together
they're all vocalizing in sync together
they're all vocalizing in sync together
it<00:08:55.800> makes<00:08:56.000> it<00:08:56.320> really<00:08:56.920> difficult<00:08:57.600> for
it makes it really difficult for
it makes it really difficult for
Predators<00:08:58.920> like<00:08:59.160> k<00:08:59.440> coyotes<00:09:00.000> foxes<00:09:00.399> and<00:09:00.600> owls
Predators like k coyotes foxes and owls
Predators like k coyotes foxes and owls
to<00:09:01.200> single<00:09:01.519> out<00:09:01.720> any<00:09:02.000> individual<00:09:02.519> for<00:09:02.680> a<00:09:03.200> meal
to single out any individual for a meal
to single out any individual for a meal
this<00:09:04.279> is<00:09:04.399> a<00:09:04.640> spectrogram<00:09:05.240> of<00:09:05.399> what<00:09:05.519> the<00:09:05.640> frog
this is a spectrogram of what the frog
this is a spectrogram of what the frog
chorusing<00:09:06.560> looks<00:09:06.880> like<00:09:07.240> when<00:09:07.440> it's<00:09:07.560> in<00:09:07.680> a<00:09:07.880> very
chorusing looks like when it's in a very
chorusing looks like when it's in a very
healthy
pattern<00:09:19.680> Mono<00:09:20.160> Lake<00:09:20.480> is<00:09:20.720> just<00:09:21.040> the<00:09:21.200> east<00:09:21.399> of
pattern Mono Lake is just the east of
pattern Mono Lake is just the east of
yosity<00:09:22.320> national<00:09:22.800> park<00:09:23.720> in<00:09:24.800> California<00:09:25.800> and
yosity national park in California and
yosity national park in California and
it's<00:09:26.040> a<00:09:26.279> favorite<00:09:26.720> habitat<00:09:27.160> of<00:09:27.320> these<00:09:27.519> toads
it's a favorite habitat of these toads
it's a favorite habitat of these toads
and<00:09:28.200> it's<00:09:28.399> also<00:09:28.720> favored<00:09:29.040> by<00:09:29.399> US<00:09:29.640> Navy<00:09:30.000> jet
and it's also favored by US Navy jet
and it's also favored by US Navy jet
pilots<00:09:31.200> who<00:09:31.360> train<00:09:31.640> in<00:09:31.839> their<00:09:32.000> Fighters
pilots who train in their Fighters
pilots who train in their Fighters
flying<00:09:32.920> them<00:09:33.120> at<00:09:33.360> speeds<00:09:34.200> exceeding<00:09:34.680> 1100<00:09:35.440> km
flying them at speeds exceeding 1100 km
flying them at speeds exceeding 1100 km
an<00:09:36.120> hour<00:09:36.399> and<00:09:36.640> altitudes<00:09:37.640> only<00:09:37.920> a<00:09:38.079> couple<00:09:38.360> of
an hour and altitudes only a couple of
an hour and altitudes only a couple of
hundred<00:09:38.880> meters<00:09:39.279> above<00:09:39.600> ground<00:09:39.959> level<00:09:40.240> of<00:09:40.399> the
hundred meters above ground level of the
hundred meters above ground level of the
mono<00:09:40.920> Basin<00:09:41.800> very<00:09:42.240> fast<00:09:42.839> very<00:09:43.160> low<00:09:44.160> and<00:09:44.480> so
mono Basin very fast very low and so
mono Basin very fast very low and so
loud<00:09:45.760> that<00:09:46.040> the<00:09:46.519> anthrophony<00:09:47.240> the<00:09:47.600> human
loud that the anthrophony the human
loud that the anthrophony the human
noise<00:09:48.440> even<00:09:48.640> though<00:09:48.800> it's<00:09:49.000> 6<00:09:49.240> and<00:09:49.480> 12
noise even though it's 6 and 12
noise even though it's 6 and 12
kilometers<00:09:50.320> from<00:09:50.480> the<00:09:50.600> Frog<00:09:50.920> Pond<00:09:51.200> you<00:09:51.360> just
kilometers from the Frog Pond you just
kilometers from the Frog Pond you just
heard<00:09:51.760> a<00:09:51.920> second<00:09:52.200> ago<00:09:53.200> it<00:09:53.519> masked<00:09:54.200> the<00:09:54.360> sound
heard a second ago it masked the sound
heard a second ago it masked the sound
of<00:09:54.959> the<00:09:55.120> chusing<00:09:55.880> Toads<00:09:56.880> you<00:09:57.000> can<00:09:57.200> see<00:09:57.399> in<00:09:57.600> this
of the chusing Toads you can see in this
of the chusing Toads you can see in this
spectrogram<00:09:58.560> that<00:09:58.760> all<00:09:58.880> of<00:09:59.000> the<00:09:59.399> energy<00:10:00.320> that
spectrogram that all of the energy that
spectrogram that all of the energy that
was<00:10:00.680> once<00:10:00.920> in<00:10:01.040> the<00:10:01.200> first<00:10:01.480> spectrogram<00:10:02.079> is
was once in the first spectrogram is
was once in the first spectrogram is
gone<00:10:02.560> in<00:10:02.680> the<00:10:02.880> top<00:10:03.040> end<00:10:03.200> of<00:10:03.320> the<00:10:03.600> spectrogram
gone in the top end of the spectrogram
gone in the top end of the spectrogram
and<00:10:04.839> that<00:10:05.000> there's<00:10:05.440> breaks<00:10:05.720> in<00:10:05.880> the<00:10:06.000> chorusing
and that there's breaks in the chorusing
and that there's breaks in the chorusing
at<00:10:06.640> 2<00:10:06.839> and<00:10:06.920> 1/2<00:10:07.360> 4<00:10:07.480> and<00:10:07.560> 1/2<00:10:07.839> and<00:10:08.040> 6<00:10:08.240> and<00:10:08.360> 1/2
at 2 and 1/2 4 and 1/2 and 6 and 1/2
at 2 and 1/2 4 and 1/2 and 6 and 1/2
seconds<00:10:09.640> and<00:10:09.800> then<00:10:10.079> the<00:10:10.200> sound<00:10:10.440> of<00:10:10.600> the<00:10:10.800> jet
seconds and then the sound of the jet
seconds and then the sound of the jet
the<00:10:11.800> signature<00:10:12.480> is<00:10:12.640> in<00:10:12.880> yellow<00:10:13.240> at<00:10:13.399> the<00:10:13.519> very
the signature is in yellow at the very
the signature is in yellow at the very
bottom<00:10:14.120> of<00:10:14.279> the
page<00:10:25.360> now<00:10:25.519> at<00:10:25.680> the<00:10:25.760> end<00:10:25.959> of<00:10:26.320> that<00:10:26.519> flyby<00:10:27.200> it
page now at the end of that flyby it
page now at the end of that flyby it
took<00:10:27.640> the<00:10:28.120> frogs<00:10:28.600> fully<00:10:28.920> 4<00:10:29.320> 45<00:10:30.120> minutes<00:10:30.680> to
took the frogs fully 4 45 minutes to
took the frogs fully 4 45 minutes to
regain<00:10:31.519> their<00:10:31.720> chorusing<00:10:32.360> synchronicity
regain their chorusing synchronicity
regain their chorusing synchronicity
during<00:10:33.519> which<00:10:33.800> time<00:10:34.519> and<00:10:34.720> under<00:10:34.959> a<00:10:35.120> full<00:10:35.360> moon
during which time and under a full moon
during which time and under a full moon
we<00:10:36.360> watched<00:10:36.720> as<00:10:36.920> two<00:10:37.279> coyotes<00:10:37.720> and<00:10:37.839> a<00:10:37.959> great
we watched as two coyotes and a great
we watched as two coyotes and a great
horned<00:10:38.519> owl<00:10:38.839> came<00:10:39.000> in<00:10:39.160> to<00:10:39.360> pick<00:10:39.519> off<00:10:39.720> a<00:10:39.839> few<00:10:40.079> of
horned owl came in to pick off a few of
horned owl came in to pick off a few of
their
their
their
numbers<00:10:42.079> the<00:10:42.240> good<00:10:42.399> news<00:10:42.760> is<00:10:43.279> that<00:10:43.440> with<00:10:43.560> a
numbers the good news is that with a
numbers the good news is that with a
little<00:10:43.800> bit<00:10:43.959> of<00:10:44.160> habitat<00:10:44.680> restoration<00:10:45.360> and
little bit of habitat restoration and
little bit of habitat restoration and
fewer<00:10:46.000> flights<00:10:47.000> the<00:10:47.160> Frog<00:10:47.600> populations<00:10:48.360> once
fewer flights the Frog populations once
fewer flights the Frog populations once
diminishing<00:10:49.279> during<00:10:49.639> the<00:10:50.000> 1980s<00:10:50.680> and<00:10:50.839> early
diminishing during the 1980s and early
diminishing during the 1980s and early
90s<00:10:52.120> have<00:10:52.320> pretty<00:10:52.600> much<00:10:53.240> return<00:10:53.480> to
90s have pretty much return to
90s have pretty much return to
normal<00:10:55.600> I<00:10:55.680> want<00:10:55.839> to<00:10:56.000> end<00:10:56.200> with<00:10:56.360> a<00:10:56.560> story<00:10:56.880> told
normal I want to end with a story told
normal I want to end with a story told
by<00:10:57.480> a<00:10:57.680> beaver<00:10:58.440> it's<00:10:58.560> a<00:10:58.720> very<00:10:58.959> sad<00:10:59.560> story<00:11:00.000> but<00:11:01.000> it
by a beaver it's a very sad story but it
by a beaver it's a very sad story but it
really<00:11:01.680> illustrates<00:11:02.680> how<00:11:03.200> animals<00:11:04.200> uh<00:11:04.320> can
really illustrates how animals uh can
really illustrates how animals uh can
sometimes<00:11:04.959> show<00:11:05.399> emotion<00:11:05.839> a<00:11:06.000> very
sometimes show emotion a very
sometimes show emotion a very
controversial<00:11:06.920> subject<00:11:07.360> among<00:11:07.959> some<00:11:08.200> older
controversial subject among some older
controversial subject among some older
biologists<00:11:10.399> a<00:11:10.600> colleague<00:11:10.920> of<00:11:11.040> mine<00:11:11.279> was
biologists a colleague of mine was
biologists a colleague of mine was
recording<00:11:11.920> in<00:11:12.079> the<00:11:12.240> American<00:11:12.959> Midwest<00:11:13.959> around
recording in the American Midwest around
recording in the American Midwest around
this<00:11:14.560> Pond<00:11:15.399> that<00:11:15.519> had<00:11:15.680> been<00:11:15.800> formed<00:11:16.279> maybe
this Pond that had been formed maybe
this Pond that had been formed maybe
16,000<00:11:17.600> years<00:11:17.800> ago<00:11:18.079> at<00:11:18.160> the<00:11:18.240> end<00:11:18.399> of<00:11:18.519> the<00:11:18.639> last
16,000 years ago at the end of the last
16,000 years ago at the end of the last
ice<00:11:19.240> age<00:11:20.000> it<00:11:20.079> was<00:11:20.279> also<00:11:20.519> formed<00:11:20.839> in<00:11:21.040> part<00:11:21.279> by<00:11:21.399> a
ice age it was also formed in part by a
ice age it was also formed in part by a
beaver<00:11:21.920> dam<00:11:22.200> at<00:11:22.320> one<00:11:22.519> end<00:11:23.079> that<00:11:23.279> held<00:11:23.560> that
beaver dam at one end that held that
beaver dam at one end that held that
whole<00:11:24.120> ecosystem<00:11:25.000> together<00:11:25.240> in<00:11:25.360> a<00:11:25.519> very
whole ecosystem together in a very
whole ecosystem together in a very
delicate
delicate
delicate
balance<00:11:28.000> and<00:11:28.160> one<00:11:28.399> afternoon<00:11:29.360> while<00:11:29.639> he<00:11:29.760> was
balance and one afternoon while he was
balance and one afternoon while he was
recording<00:11:31.880> uh<00:11:32.240> there<00:11:32.480> suddenly<00:11:32.880> appeared
recording uh there suddenly appeared
recording uh there suddenly appeared
from<00:11:33.440> out<00:11:33.600> of
from out of
from out of
nowhere<00:11:35.800> a<00:11:35.959> couple<00:11:36.200> of<00:11:36.760> game<00:11:37.040> wardens<00:11:38.040> who<00:11:38.200> for
nowhere a couple of game wardens who for
nowhere a couple of game wardens who for
no<00:11:38.639> apparent<00:11:39.079> reason<00:11:39.519> walked<00:11:39.839> over<00:11:40.000> to<00:11:40.160> the
no apparent reason walked over to the
no apparent reason walked over to the
Beaver<00:11:40.680> Dam<00:11:41.079> dropped<00:11:41.399> a<00:11:41.519> stick<00:11:41.760> of<00:11:41.959> dynamite
Beaver Dam dropped a stick of dynamite
Beaver Dam dropped a stick of dynamite
down<00:11:42.639> it<00:11:43.320> blowing<00:11:43.760> it<00:11:43.959> up<00:11:44.560> killing<00:11:45.160> the<00:11:45.399> female
down it blowing it up killing the female
down it blowing it up killing the female
and<00:11:46.399> her<00:11:46.600> young
and her young
and her young
babies<00:11:48.800> horrified<00:11:49.800> my<00:11:50.000> colleague<00:11:50.519> remained
babies horrified my colleague remained
babies horrified my colleague remained
behind<00:11:51.279> to<00:11:51.480> gather<00:11:51.800> his<00:11:52.519> thoughts<00:11:53.519> and<00:11:53.680> to
behind to gather his thoughts and to
behind to gather his thoughts and to
record<00:11:54.360> whatever<00:11:54.720> he<00:11:54.880> could<00:11:55.120> the<00:11:55.279> rest<00:11:55.480> of<00:11:55.600> the
record whatever he could the rest of the
record whatever he could the rest of the
afternoon<00:11:56.920> and<00:11:57.160> that<00:11:57.360> evening<00:11:58.360> he<00:11:58.600> captured<00:11:59.360> a
afternoon and that evening he captured a
afternoon and that evening he captured a
remarkable
remarkable
remarkable
event<00:12:01.880> the<00:12:02.040> lone<00:12:02.519> surviving<00:12:03.120> male<00:12:03.440> Beaver
event the lone surviving male Beaver
event the lone surviving male Beaver
swimming<00:12:04.399> in<00:12:04.560> slow<00:12:05.240> circles<00:12:06.240> crying<00:12:06.680> out
swimming in slow circles crying out
swimming in slow circles crying out
inconsolably<00:12:08.760> for<00:12:09.000> its<00:12:09.240> lost<00:12:09.600> mate<00:12:09.959> and
inconsolably for its lost mate and
inconsolably for its lost mate and
Offspring<00:12:12.040> this<00:12:12.160> is<00:12:12.519> probably<00:12:13.279> the<00:12:13.560> saddest
Offspring this is probably the saddest
Offspring this is probably the saddest
sound<00:12:14.680> I've<00:12:14.880> ever<00:12:15.199> heard<00:12:15.720> coming<00:12:16.120> from<00:12:16.399> any
sound I've ever heard coming from any
sound I've ever heard coming from any
organism<00:12:17.800> human<00:12:18.680> or<00:12:18.959> other
[Music]
[Music]
yeah<00:12:38.760> well<00:12:39.760> there<00:12:39.880> are<00:12:40.040> many<00:12:40.399> facets<00:12:40.839> to
yeah well there are many facets to
yeah well there are many facets to
soundscapes<00:12:41.839> among<00:12:42.079> them<00:12:42.279> the<00:12:42.440> ways<00:12:42.720> in<00:12:42.880> which
soundscapes among them the ways in which
soundscapes among them the ways in which
animals<00:12:43.480> taught<00:12:43.720> us<00:12:43.839> to<00:12:44.079> dance<00:12:44.360> and<00:12:44.560> sing
animals taught us to dance and sing
animals taught us to dance and sing
which<00:12:45.480> I'll<00:12:45.639> say<00:12:45.839> for<00:12:46.079> another<00:12:46.680> time<00:12:47.680> but<00:12:47.839> you
which I'll say for another time but you
which I'll say for another time but you
have<00:12:48.360> heard<00:12:49.000> how<00:12:49.959> biophony<00:12:50.760> help<00:12:51.160> clarify<00:12:51.720> our
have heard how biophony help clarify our
have heard how biophony help clarify our
understanding<00:12:52.600> of<00:12:52.760> the<00:12:52.880> natural<00:12:53.480> world
understanding of the natural world
understanding of the natural world
you've<00:12:54.680> heard<00:12:54.959> the<00:12:55.120> impact<00:12:55.480> of<00:12:55.720> resource
you've heard the impact of resource
you've heard the impact of resource
extraction<00:12:57.040> human<00:12:57.360> noise<00:12:58.040> and<00:12:58.279> habitat
extraction human noise and habitat
extraction human noise and habitat
destru<00:12:59.160> C<00:13:00.040> and<00:13:00.199> where<00:13:00.399> environmental
destru C and where environmental
destru C and where environmental
Sciences<00:13:01.519> have<00:13:01.720> typically<00:13:02.160> tried<00:13:02.440> to
Sciences have typically tried to
Sciences have typically tried to
understand<00:13:03.160> the<00:13:03.279> world<00:13:03.680> from<00:13:03.880> what<00:13:04.040> we<00:13:04.360> see<00:13:05.360> a
understand the world from what we see a
understand the world from what we see a
much<00:13:05.800> Fuller<00:13:06.600> understanding<00:13:06.959> can<00:13:07.160> be<00:13:07.399> got
much Fuller understanding can be got
much Fuller understanding can be got
from<00:13:08.000> what<00:13:08.199> we
from what we
from what we
hear<00:13:10.000> biophon<00:13:10.959> and<00:13:11.160> geophones<00:13:12.160> are<00:13:12.399> the
hear biophon and geophones are the
hear biophon and geophones are the
signature<00:13:13.279> voices<00:13:13.760> of<00:13:13.920> the<00:13:14.120> natural<00:13:14.800> world
signature voices of the natural world
signature voices of the natural world
and<00:13:16.000> as<00:13:16.160> we<00:13:16.320> hear<00:13:16.639> them<00:13:17.279> we're<00:13:17.560> endowed<00:13:18.120> with<00:13:18.279> a
and as we hear them we're endowed with a
and as we hear them we're endowed with a
sense<00:13:18.720> of<00:13:19.000> place<00:13:19.839> the<00:13:20.040> true<00:13:20.360> story<00:13:21.160> of<00:13:21.320> the
sense of place the true story of the
sense of place the true story of the
world<00:13:21.880> we<00:13:22.040> live<00:13:22.519> in<00:13:23.519> in<00:13:23.639> a<00:13:23.839> matter<00:13:24.120> of<00:13:24.440> seconds
world we live in in a matter of seconds
world we live in in a matter of seconds
a<00:13:25.279> soundscape<00:13:26.000> reveals<00:13:26.680> much<00:13:26.880> more
a soundscape reveals much more
a soundscape reveals much more
information<00:13:27.839> from<00:13:28.079> many<00:13:28.399> perspectives<00:13:29.480> from
information from many perspectives from
information from many perspectives from
quantifiable<00:13:30.639> data<00:13:31.320> to<00:13:31.600> cultural
quantifiable data to cultural
quantifiable data to cultural
inspiration<00:13:34.120> visual<00:13:34.639> capture<00:13:35.560> implicitly
inspiration visual capture implicitly
inspiration visual capture implicitly
frames<00:13:36.920> a<00:13:37.160> limited<00:13:37.560> frontal<00:13:38.079> perspective<00:13:38.600> of
frames a limited frontal perspective of
frames a limited frontal perspective of
a<00:13:38.880> given<00:13:39.199> spatial<00:13:40.040> context<00:13:41.040> while
a given spatial context while
a given spatial context while
soundscapes<00:13:42.079> widen<00:13:42.480> that<00:13:42.680> scope<00:13:43.279> to<00:13:43.480> a<00:13:43.639> full
soundscapes widen that scope to a full
soundscapes widen that scope to a full
360<00:13:45.079> Degrees<00:13:46.000> completely<00:13:46.519> enveloping<00:13:47.600> us<00:13:48.600> and
360 Degrees completely enveloping us and
360 Degrees completely enveloping us and
while<00:13:49.000> a<00:13:49.160> picture<00:13:49.480> may<00:13:49.639> be<00:13:49.880> worth<00:13:50.199> a<00:13:50.399> thousand
while a picture may be worth a thousand
while a picture may be worth a thousand
words<00:13:52.079> a<00:13:52.519> soundscape<00:13:53.519> is<00:13:53.759> worth<00:13:54.079> a<00:13:54.320> thousand
words a soundscape is worth a thousand
words a soundscape is worth a thousand
pictures<00:13:57.000> and<00:13:57.199> our<00:13:57.440> ears<00:13:57.839> tell<00:13:58.160> us<00:13:58.680> that<00:13:58.880> the
pictures and our ears tell us that the
pictures and our ears tell us that the
Whisper<00:13:59.880> of<00:14:00.240> every<00:14:00.600> leaf<00:14:01.040> and<00:14:01.480> creature
Whisper of every leaf and creature
Whisper of every leaf and creature
speaks<00:14:02.920> to<00:14:03.120> the<00:14:03.360> natural<00:14:03.759> sources<00:14:04.240> of<00:14:04.399> Our
speaks to the natural sources of Our
speaks to the natural sources of Our
Lives<00:14:05.759> which<00:14:06.079> indeed<00:14:07.079> May<00:14:07.320> hold<00:14:07.560> the<00:14:07.720> secrets
Lives which indeed May hold the secrets
Lives which indeed May hold the secrets
of<00:14:08.399> love<00:14:09.120> for<00:14:09.440> all<00:14:09.759> things<00:14:10.759> especially<00:14:11.320> our
of love for all things especially our
of love for all things especially our
own<00:14:11.800> humanity
and<00:14:15.880> the<00:14:16.120> last<00:14:16.399> word<00:14:16.759> goes<00:14:17.000> to<00:14:17.160> a<00:14:17.399> Jaguar<00:14:17.920> from
and the last word goes to a Jaguar from
and the last word goes to a Jaguar from
the<00:14:18.240> Amazon
[Music]
thank<00:14:32.839> you<00:14:33.000> for<00:14:33.199> listening
thank you for listening
thank you for listening
[Music]
[Music]
[Music]
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Music]
Bernie Krause, nature soundscape nature sounds, environment, TED, TED-Ed, TED, Ed, TEDEducation
