Trust, morality -- and oxytocin? - Paul Zak
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is<00:00:16.480> there<00:00:16.640> anything<00:00:16.960> unique<00:00:17.359> about<00:00:17.600> human
is there anything unique about human
is there anything unique about human
beings
beings
beings
there<00:00:20.000> is<00:00:20.400> we're<00:00:20.560> the<00:00:20.720> only<00:00:21.039> creatures<00:00:22.000> with
there is we're the only creatures with
there is we're the only creatures with
fully<00:00:22.480> developed<00:00:22.880> moral<00:00:23.199> sentiments
fully developed moral sentiments
fully developed moral sentiments
we're<00:00:24.720> obsessed<00:00:25.279> with<00:00:25.439> morality<00:00:25.920> of<00:00:26.000> social
we're obsessed with morality of social
we're obsessed with morality of social
creatures<00:00:27.279> we<00:00:27.519> need<00:00:27.760> to<00:00:27.920> know<00:00:28.240> why<00:00:28.480> people<00:00:28.800> are
creatures we need to know why people are
creatures we need to know why people are
doing<00:00:29.359> what<00:00:29.519> they're<00:00:29.760> doing
doing what they're doing
doing what they're doing
and<00:00:31.199> i<00:00:31.519> personally<00:00:32.320> am<00:00:32.559> obsessed<00:00:32.880> with
and i personally am obsessed with
and i personally am obsessed with
morality<00:00:34.079> that's<00:00:34.320> all<00:00:34.399> due<00:00:34.559> to<00:00:34.719> this<00:00:34.880> woman
morality that's all due to this woman
morality that's all due to this woman
sister<00:00:36.160> mary<00:00:36.480> mary<00:00:36.880> stella
sister mary mary stella
sister mary mary stella
also<00:00:38.399> known<00:00:38.719> as
also known as
also known as
my<00:00:39.840> mom
as<00:00:42.399> an<00:00:42.480> altar<00:00:42.719> boy<00:00:42.960> i<00:00:43.120> breathed<00:00:43.360> in<00:00:43.440> a<00:00:43.520> lot<00:00:43.680> of
as an altar boy i breathed in a lot of
as an altar boy i breathed in a lot of
incense<00:00:44.559> and<00:00:44.719> i<00:00:44.800> learned<00:00:44.960> to<00:00:45.120> say<00:00:45.280> phrases<00:00:45.680> in
incense and i learned to say phrases in
incense and i learned to say phrases in
latin<00:00:46.719> but<00:00:46.960> i<00:00:47.039> also<00:00:47.200> had<00:00:47.360> time<00:00:47.600> to<00:00:47.760> think<00:00:48.160> about
latin but i also had time to think about
latin but i also had time to think about
whether<00:00:48.719> my<00:00:48.879> mother's<00:00:49.280> top-down<00:00:49.760> morality
whether my mother's top-down morality
whether my mother's top-down morality
applied<00:00:51.039> to<00:00:51.280> everybody
applied to everybody
applied to everybody
i<00:00:52.719> saw<00:00:52.960> that<00:00:53.199> people<00:00:53.520> who<00:00:53.760> were<00:00:54.399> religious<00:00:55.280> and
i saw that people who were religious and
i saw that people who were religious and
non-religious<00:00:56.079> were<00:00:56.320> equally<00:00:56.640> obsessed<00:00:57.039> with
non-religious were equally obsessed with
non-religious were equally obsessed with
morality<00:00:57.760> i<00:00:57.920> thought<00:00:58.160> maybe<00:00:58.399> there<00:00:58.480> was<00:00:58.640> an
morality i thought maybe there was an
morality i thought maybe there was an
earthly<00:00:59.359> basis<00:00:59.920> for<00:01:00.079> moral<00:01:00.399> decisions
earthly basis for moral decisions
earthly basis for moral decisions
but<00:01:02.160> i<00:01:02.239> wanted<00:01:02.480> to<00:01:02.559> go<00:01:02.719> further<00:01:03.120> than<00:01:03.280> to<00:01:03.440> say
but i wanted to go further than to say
but i wanted to go further than to say
our<00:01:04.080> brains<00:01:04.479> make<00:01:04.720> us<00:01:04.960> moral
our brains make us moral
our brains make us moral
i<00:01:06.159> want<00:01:06.320> to<00:01:06.479> know<00:01:06.640> if<00:01:06.799> there's<00:01:06.960> a<00:01:07.119> chemistry<00:01:07.680> of
i want to know if there's a chemistry of
i want to know if there's a chemistry of
morality
morality
morality
i<00:01:09.040> want<00:01:09.280> to<00:01:09.439> know
i want to know
i want to know
if<00:01:10.479> there<00:01:10.560> was<00:01:10.720> a<00:01:10.880> moral<00:01:11.520> molecule
if there was a moral molecule
if there was a moral molecule
after<00:01:13.760> 10<00:01:13.920> years<00:01:14.159> of<00:01:14.320> experiments<00:01:15.280> i<00:01:15.520> found<00:01:15.760> it
after 10 years of experiments i found it
after 10 years of experiments i found it
oh<00:01:17.200> would<00:01:17.360> you<00:01:17.439> like<00:01:17.600> to<00:01:17.680> see<00:01:17.840> it<00:01:17.920> i<00:01:18.080> brought
oh would you like to see it i brought
oh would you like to see it i brought
some<00:01:18.479> with<00:01:18.640> me
this<00:01:21.520> little<00:01:21.759> syringe<00:01:22.479> contains<00:01:22.960> the<00:01:23.119> moral
this little syringe contains the moral
this little syringe contains the moral
molecule
it's<00:01:34.880> called<00:01:35.439> oxytocin
it's called oxytocin
it's called oxytocin
so<00:01:37.119> oxytocin<00:01:37.759> is<00:01:37.920> a<00:01:38.079> simple<00:01:38.320> and<00:01:38.479> ancient
so oxytocin is a simple and ancient
so oxytocin is a simple and ancient
molecule<00:01:39.840> found<00:01:40.159> only<00:01:40.479> in<00:01:40.560> mammals
molecule found only in mammals
molecule found only in mammals
in<00:01:41.759> rodents<00:01:42.400> it<00:01:42.479> was<00:01:42.720> known<00:01:43.040> to<00:01:43.280> make<00:01:43.520> mothers
in rodents it was known to make mothers
in rodents it was known to make mothers
care<00:01:44.320> for<00:01:44.479> their<00:01:44.640> offspring<00:01:45.600> and<00:01:45.759> in<00:01:45.920> some
care for their offspring and in some
care for their offspring and in some
creatures<00:01:46.960> allowed<00:01:47.280> for<00:01:47.520> toleration<00:01:48.399> of
creatures allowed for toleration of
creatures allowed for toleration of
burrowmates
burrowmates
burrowmates
but<00:01:50.159> in<00:01:50.320> humans<00:01:50.720> was<00:01:50.880> only<00:01:51.040> known<00:01:51.280> to
but in humans was only known to
but in humans was only known to
facilitate<00:01:52.000> birth<00:01:52.240> and<00:01:52.399> breastfeeding<00:01:52.960> in
facilitate birth and breastfeeding in
facilitate birth and breastfeeding in
women<00:01:53.840> as<00:01:54.079> released<00:01:54.399> by<00:01:54.640> both<00:01:54.880> sexes<00:01:55.360> during
women as released by both sexes during
women as released by both sexes during
sex
sex
sex
so<00:01:57.520> i<00:01:57.680> had<00:01:57.840> this<00:01:58.000> idea<00:01:58.320> that<00:01:58.399> oxytocin<00:01:58.960> might
so i had this idea that oxytocin might
so i had this idea that oxytocin might
be<00:01:59.200> the<00:01:59.360> moral<00:01:59.600> molecule<00:02:00.479> i<00:02:00.640> did<00:02:00.799> what<00:02:00.960> most<00:02:01.200> of
be the moral molecule i did what most of
be the moral molecule i did what most of
us<00:02:01.439> do<00:02:01.840> i<00:02:02.079> tried<00:02:02.240> it<00:02:02.399> on<00:02:02.560> some<00:02:02.719> colleagues
us do i tried it on some colleagues
us do i tried it on some colleagues
one<00:02:04.640> of<00:02:04.719> them<00:02:04.880> told<00:02:05.119> me<00:02:05.439> paul<00:02:05.840> that<00:02:06.079> is<00:02:06.159> the
one of them told me paul that is the
one of them told me paul that is the
world's<00:02:06.640> stupidest<00:02:07.280> idea
world's stupidest idea
world's stupidest idea
it<00:02:08.959> is<00:02:09.039> he<00:02:09.280> said<00:02:09.679> only<00:02:10.000> a<00:02:10.080> female<00:02:10.479> molecule
it is he said only a female molecule
it is he said only a female molecule
can't<00:02:11.680> be<00:02:11.840> that<00:02:12.080> important
can't be that important
can't be that important
but<00:02:13.599> i<00:02:13.760> countered<00:02:14.239> will<00:02:14.480> men's<00:02:14.800> brains<00:02:15.120> make
but i countered will men's brains make
but i countered will men's brains make
this<00:02:15.520> too<00:02:15.680> there<00:02:15.840> must<00:02:16.000> be<00:02:16.160> a<00:02:16.239> reason<00:02:16.560> why
this too there must be a reason why
this too there must be a reason why
but<00:02:18.319> he<00:02:18.480> was<00:02:18.640> right<00:02:19.040> it<00:02:19.200> was<00:02:19.360> a<00:02:19.520> stupid<00:02:19.840> idea
but he was right it was a stupid idea
but he was right it was a stupid idea
but<00:02:21.120> it<00:02:21.200> was<00:02:21.520> testably<00:02:22.080> stupid
but it was testably stupid
but it was testably stupid
in<00:02:23.280> other<00:02:23.440> words<00:02:23.760> i<00:02:23.840> thought<00:02:24.000> i<00:02:24.160> could<00:02:24.319> design
in other words i thought i could design
in other words i thought i could design
an<00:02:24.800> experiment<00:02:25.360> to<00:02:25.520> see<00:02:25.840> if<00:02:26.080> oxytocin<00:02:26.879> made
an experiment to see if oxytocin made
an experiment to see if oxytocin made
people<00:02:27.599> moral
people moral
people moral
turns<00:02:29.840> out<00:02:30.000> it<00:02:30.080> wasn't<00:02:30.400> so<00:02:30.640> easy
turns out it wasn't so easy
turns out it wasn't so easy
first<00:02:32.080> of<00:02:32.239> all<00:02:32.400> oxidation<00:02:32.879> is<00:02:33.040> a<00:02:33.120> shy<00:02:33.440> molecule
first of all oxidation is a shy molecule
first of all oxidation is a shy molecule
baseline<00:02:35.040> levels<00:02:35.360> are<00:02:35.440> near<00:02:35.760> zero
baseline levels are near zero
baseline levels are near zero
without<00:02:37.040> some<00:02:37.200> stimulus<00:02:37.760> to<00:02:37.840> cause<00:02:38.080> its
without some stimulus to cause its
without some stimulus to cause its
release
release
release
and<00:02:39.680> when<00:02:39.920> it's<00:02:40.080> produced<00:02:40.560> has<00:02:40.800> a
and when it's produced has a
and when it's produced has a
three-minute<00:02:41.360> half-life<00:02:41.920> and<00:02:42.000> degrades
three-minute half-life and degrades
three-minute half-life and degrades
rapidly<00:02:42.879> at<00:02:42.959> room<00:02:43.200> temperature<00:02:44.239> so<00:02:44.400> this
rapidly at room temperature so this
rapidly at room temperature so this
experiment<00:02:45.040> will<00:02:45.200> have<00:02:45.360> to<00:02:45.440> cause<00:02:45.680> a<00:02:45.760> surge<00:02:46.000> of
experiment will have to cause a surge of
experiment will have to cause a surge of
oxytocin<00:02:47.040> have<00:02:47.200> to<00:02:47.440> grab<00:02:47.599> it<00:02:47.760> fast<00:02:48.000> and<00:02:48.080> keep
oxytocin have to grab it fast and keep
oxytocin have to grab it fast and keep
it<00:02:48.480> cold<00:02:49.200> i<00:02:49.360> think<00:02:49.519> i<00:02:49.680> can<00:02:49.760> do<00:02:50.000> that
it cold i think i can do that
it cold i think i can do that
now<00:02:51.360> luckily<00:02:51.760> oxytocin<00:02:52.319> is<00:02:52.480> produced<00:02:52.959> both<00:02:53.280> in
now luckily oxytocin is produced both in
now luckily oxytocin is produced both in
the<00:02:53.440> brain<00:02:54.160> and<00:02:54.400> in<00:02:54.560> the<00:02:54.640> blood<00:02:55.440> so<00:02:55.599> i<00:02:55.680> could<00:02:55.840> do
the brain and in the blood so i could do
the brain and in the blood so i could do
this<00:02:56.160> experiment<00:02:56.560> without<00:02:56.879> learning
this experiment without learning
this experiment without learning
neurosurgery
neurosurgery
neurosurgery
then<00:02:59.920> i<00:03:00.000> had<00:03:00.160> to<00:03:00.319> measure<00:03:00.959> morality
then i had to measure morality
then i had to measure morality
so<00:03:02.560> taking<00:03:02.879> on<00:03:02.959> morality<00:03:03.440> with<00:03:03.519> a<00:03:03.599> capital<00:03:04.000> m
so taking on morality with a capital m
so taking on morality with a capital m
is<00:03:04.480> a<00:03:04.640> huge<00:03:05.040> project
is a huge project
is a huge project
so<00:03:06.400> i<00:03:06.560> started<00:03:07.040> smaller<00:03:08.000> thought<00:03:08.159> i'd<00:03:08.319> study
so i started smaller thought i'd study
so i started smaller thought i'd study
one<00:03:09.440> single<00:03:09.920> virtue
one single virtue
one single virtue
trustworthiness
trustworthiness
trustworthiness
why
why
why
i'd<00:03:14.560> show<00:03:14.800> in<00:03:14.879> the<00:03:14.959> early<00:03:15.200> 2000s<00:03:15.840> that
i'd show in the early 2000s that
i'd show in the early 2000s that
countries<00:03:16.400> with<00:03:16.560> a<00:03:16.640> higher<00:03:16.879> proportion<00:03:17.360> of
countries with a higher proportion of
countries with a higher proportion of
trustworthy<00:03:18.000> people<00:03:18.640> are<00:03:18.879> more<00:03:19.120> prosperous
trustworthy people are more prosperous
trustworthy people are more prosperous
so<00:03:20.800> in<00:03:20.879> these<00:03:21.200> countries<00:03:22.000> more<00:03:22.239> economic
so in these countries more economic
so in these countries more economic
transactions<00:03:23.360> occur
transactions occur
transactions occur
and<00:03:24.400> more<00:03:24.640> wealth<00:03:24.959> is<00:03:25.120> created<00:03:25.680> alleviating
and more wealth is created alleviating
and more wealth is created alleviating
poverty<00:03:27.360> so<00:03:27.599> poor<00:03:27.840> countries<00:03:28.319> are<00:03:28.400> by<00:03:28.640> and
poverty so poor countries are by and
poverty so poor countries are by and
large<00:03:29.120> low<00:03:29.360> trust<00:03:29.680> countries
large low trust countries
large low trust countries
so<00:03:31.120> if<00:03:31.280> i<00:03:31.519> understood<00:03:31.920> the<00:03:32.080> chemistry<00:03:32.799> of
so if i understood the chemistry of
so if i understood the chemistry of
trustworthiness<00:03:34.000> i<00:03:34.159> might<00:03:34.319> help<00:03:34.560> alleviate
trustworthiness i might help alleviate
trustworthiness i might help alleviate
poverty<00:03:35.840> but<00:03:36.000> i'm<00:03:36.159> also<00:03:36.400> a<00:03:36.480> skeptic<00:03:37.360> i<00:03:37.440> don't
poverty but i'm also a skeptic i don't
poverty but i'm also a skeptic i don't
want<00:03:37.760> to<00:03:37.840> just<00:03:38.080> ask<00:03:38.319> people<00:03:38.640> are<00:03:38.799> you
want to just ask people are you
want to just ask people are you
trustworthy<00:03:40.159> so<00:03:40.400> instead<00:03:40.720> i<00:03:40.959> use<00:03:41.519> the<00:03:41.760> jerry
trustworthy so instead i use the jerry
trustworthy so instead i use the jerry
maguire<00:03:42.640> approach<00:03:42.959> to<00:03:43.120> research
maguire approach to research
maguire approach to research
if<00:03:44.319> you're<00:03:44.560> so<00:03:44.840> virtuous<00:03:45.840> show<00:03:46.080> me<00:03:46.319> the<00:03:46.480> money
if you're so virtuous show me the money
if you're so virtuous show me the money
so<00:03:48.080> what<00:03:48.239> we<00:03:48.319> do<00:03:48.480> in<00:03:48.560> my<00:03:48.720> lab<00:03:48.959> is<00:03:49.120> we<00:03:49.360> tempt
so what we do in my lab is we tempt
so what we do in my lab is we tempt
people<00:03:49.920> with<00:03:50.080> the<00:03:50.159> virtue<00:03:50.480> invites<00:03:50.879> by<00:03:51.040> using
people with the virtue invites by using
people with the virtue invites by using
money<00:03:52.080> let<00:03:52.239> me<00:03:52.319> show<00:03:52.480> you<00:03:52.560> how<00:03:52.720> we<00:03:52.799> do<00:03:52.959> that<00:03:53.440> so
money let me show you how we do that so
money let me show you how we do that so
recruit<00:03:54.000> some<00:03:54.159> people<00:03:54.400> for<00:03:54.480> an<00:03:54.560> experiment
recruit some people for an experiment
recruit some people for an experiment
they'll<00:03:56.159> get<00:03:56.319> ten<00:03:56.480> dollars<00:03:56.879> they<00:03:56.959> agree<00:03:57.200> to
they'll get ten dollars they agree to
they'll get ten dollars they agree to
show<00:03:57.519> up
show up
show up
they<00:03:58.480> will<00:03:58.560> give<00:03:58.720> them<00:03:58.879> lots<00:03:59.120> of<00:03:59.280> instruction
they will give them lots of instruction
they will give them lots of instruction
and<00:03:59.920> we<00:04:00.080> never<00:04:00.480> ever<00:04:00.799> deceive<00:04:01.200> them<00:04:01.920> then<00:04:02.159> we
and we never ever deceive them then we
and we never ever deceive them then we
match<00:04:02.560> them<00:04:02.640> in<00:04:02.720> pairs<00:04:02.959> to<00:04:03.120> my<00:04:03.200> computer
match them in pairs to my computer
match them in pairs to my computer
and<00:04:04.480> in<00:04:04.560> that<00:04:04.799> pair<00:04:05.200> one<00:04:05.360> person<00:04:05.599> gets<00:04:05.760> a
and in that pair one person gets a
and in that pair one person gets a
message<00:04:06.239> saying
message saying
message saying
do<00:04:07.120> you<00:04:07.200> want<00:04:07.360> to<00:04:07.439> give<00:04:07.680> up<00:04:07.840> some<00:04:08.000> of<00:04:08.080> your<00:04:08.239> ten
do you want to give up some of your ten
do you want to give up some of your ten
dollars<00:04:08.799> you<00:04:08.959> earn<00:04:09.120> for<00:04:09.280> being<00:04:09.519> here
dollars you earn for being here
dollars you earn for being here
and<00:04:10.879> ship<00:04:11.120> it<00:04:11.360> to<00:04:11.519> someone<00:04:11.840> else<00:04:12.000> in<00:04:12.080> the<00:04:12.239> lab
and ship it to someone else in the lab
and ship it to someone else in the lab
the<00:04:13.360> trick<00:04:13.680> is<00:04:14.159> you<00:04:14.319> can't<00:04:14.560> see<00:04:14.799> them<00:04:15.040> you
the trick is you can't see them you
the trick is you can't see them you
can't<00:04:15.439> talk<00:04:15.599> to<00:04:15.760> them
can't talk to them
can't talk to them
you<00:04:16.799> only<00:04:16.959> do<00:04:17.120> it<00:04:17.199> one<00:04:17.440> time
you only do it one time
you only do it one time
now<00:04:18.639> whatever<00:04:18.959> you<00:04:19.120> give<00:04:19.359> up
now whatever you give up
now whatever you give up
gets<00:04:20.479> tripled<00:04:21.359> in<00:04:21.519> the<00:04:21.600> other<00:04:21.840> person's
gets tripled in the other person's
gets tripled in the other person's
account
account
account
gonna<00:04:23.759> make<00:04:23.919> them<00:04:24.080> a<00:04:24.240> lot<00:04:24.400> wealthier<00:04:25.440> and<00:04:25.520> they
gonna make them a lot wealthier and they
gonna make them a lot wealthier and they
get<00:04:25.840> a<00:04:25.919> message<00:04:26.240> by<00:04:26.400> computer<00:04:26.880> saying<00:04:27.600> person
get a message by computer saying person
get a message by computer saying person
one<00:04:28.240> sent<00:04:28.479> you<00:04:28.880> this<00:04:29.120> amount<00:04:29.360> of<00:04:29.440> money
one sent you this amount of money
one sent you this amount of money
do<00:04:30.479> you<00:04:30.560> want<00:04:30.720> to<00:04:30.800> keep<00:04:31.040> it<00:04:31.199> all
do you want to keep it all
do you want to keep it all
or<00:04:32.240> do<00:04:32.320> you<00:04:32.400> want<00:04:32.560> to<00:04:32.639> send<00:04:32.880> some<00:04:33.040> amount<00:04:33.360> back
or do you want to send some amount back
or do you want to send some amount back
okay<00:04:35.280> so<00:04:35.440> think<00:04:35.600> about<00:04:35.759> this<00:04:35.919> experiment<00:04:36.320> for
okay so think about this experiment for
okay so think about this experiment for
a<00:04:36.479> minute<00:04:36.880> you're<00:04:37.040> going<00:04:37.120> to<00:04:37.199> sit<00:04:37.360> in<00:04:37.440> these
a minute you're going to sit in these
a minute you're going to sit in these
hard<00:04:37.840> chairs<00:04:38.080> for<00:04:38.240> an<00:04:38.400> hour<00:04:38.479> and<00:04:38.639> a<00:04:38.639> half
hard chairs for an hour and a half
hard chairs for an hour and a half
some<00:04:39.919> mad<00:04:40.240> scientist<00:04:40.720> is<00:04:40.800> going<00:04:40.880> to<00:04:41.040> jab<00:04:41.280> your
some mad scientist is going to jab your
some mad scientist is going to jab your
arm<00:04:41.600> with<00:04:41.680> a<00:04:41.759> needle<00:04:42.080> and<00:04:42.160> take<00:04:42.320> four<00:04:42.560> tubes<00:04:42.800> of
arm with a needle and take four tubes of
arm with a needle and take four tubes of
blood
blood
blood
and<00:04:43.919> now<00:04:44.080> you<00:04:44.160> want<00:04:44.320> me<00:04:44.479> to<00:04:44.560> give<00:04:44.800> up<00:04:44.960> this
and now you want me to give up this
and now you want me to give up this
money<00:04:45.520> and<00:04:45.680> ship<00:04:45.919> it<00:04:46.000> to<00:04:46.160> a<00:04:46.240> stranger<00:04:47.199> so<00:04:47.360> this
money and ship it to a stranger so this
money and ship it to a stranger so this
was<00:04:47.680> the<00:04:47.840> birth<00:04:48.080> of<00:04:48.240> vampire<00:04:48.880> economics<00:04:49.840> make
was the birth of vampire economics make
was the birth of vampire economics make
a<00:04:50.160> decision<00:04:50.560> give<00:04:50.639> me<00:04:50.800> some<00:04:50.960> blood
a decision give me some blood
a decision give me some blood
so<00:04:53.040> in<00:04:53.120> fact<00:04:53.360> experimental<00:04:53.919> economist<00:04:54.320> had
so in fact experimental economist had
so in fact experimental economist had
run<00:04:54.880> this<00:04:55.199> task<00:04:55.759> around<00:04:56.160> the<00:04:56.240> world<00:04:56.479> and<00:04:56.560> for
run this task around the world and for
run this task around the world and for
much<00:04:56.880> higher<00:04:57.199> stakes
much higher stakes
much higher stakes
and<00:04:58.479> the<00:04:58.639> consensus<00:04:59.280> view<00:04:59.520> was<00:04:59.759> the<00:05:00.000> transfer
and the consensus view was the transfer
and the consensus view was the transfer
from<00:05:00.560> the<00:05:00.720> first<00:05:00.960> person<00:05:01.280> to<00:05:01.440> the<00:05:01.600> second<00:05:02.080> was
from the first person to the second was
from the first person to the second was
a<00:05:02.400> measure<00:05:02.720> of<00:05:02.880> trust
a measure of trust
a measure of trust
and<00:05:04.080> the<00:05:04.240> transfer<00:05:04.639> from<00:05:04.800> the<00:05:04.880> second<00:05:05.199> person
and the transfer from the second person
and the transfer from the second person
back<00:05:05.840> to<00:05:05.919> the<00:05:06.080> first<00:05:06.560> measured
back to the first measured
back to the first measured
trustworthiness
trustworthiness
trustworthiness
but<00:05:09.120> in<00:05:09.280> fact<00:05:09.520> economists<00:05:10.000> were<00:05:10.240> flummoxed<00:05:11.120> on
but in fact economists were flummoxed on
but in fact economists were flummoxed on
why<00:05:11.520> the<00:05:11.600> second<00:05:11.919> person<00:05:12.240> would<00:05:12.479> ever<00:05:12.720> return
why the second person would ever return
why the second person would ever return
any<00:05:13.280> money<00:05:13.919> they<00:05:14.160> assumed<00:05:14.720> money<00:05:15.039> is<00:05:15.199> good<00:05:15.919> why
any money they assumed money is good why
any money they assumed money is good why
not<00:05:16.240> keep<00:05:16.479> it<00:05:16.639> all
not keep it all
not keep it all
that's<00:05:18.080> not<00:05:18.240> what<00:05:18.400> we<00:05:18.639> found<00:05:19.360> we<00:05:19.520> found<00:05:19.919> ninety
that's not what we found we found ninety
that's not what we found we found ninety
percent<00:05:20.560> of<00:05:20.720> the<00:05:20.800> first<00:05:20.960> decision<00:05:21.360> makers
percent of the first decision makers
percent of the first decision makers
sent<00:05:22.000> money
sent money
sent money
and<00:05:23.039> if<00:05:23.120> those<00:05:23.360> who<00:05:23.520> received<00:05:24.000> money<00:05:24.400> 95
and if those who received money 95
and if those who received money 95
percent<00:05:25.280> returned<00:05:25.759> some<00:05:26.000> of<00:05:26.160> it
percent returned some of it
percent returned some of it
but<00:05:27.520> why
but why
but why
well<00:05:29.120> by<00:05:29.280> measuring<00:05:29.680> oxytocin<00:05:30.320> we<00:05:30.479> found<00:05:30.720> that
well by measuring oxytocin we found that
well by measuring oxytocin we found that
the<00:05:31.039> more<00:05:31.280> money<00:05:31.520> the<00:05:31.600> second<00:05:31.840> person
the more money the second person
the more money the second person
received<00:05:32.960> the<00:05:33.199> more<00:05:33.360> the<00:05:33.520> brain<00:05:33.759> produced
received the more the brain produced
received the more the brain produced
oxytocin<00:05:35.199> and<00:05:35.360> the<00:05:35.440> more<00:05:35.600> oxytocin<00:05:36.160> on<00:05:36.240> board
oxytocin and the more oxytocin on board
oxytocin and the more oxytocin on board
the<00:05:36.960> more<00:05:37.199> money<00:05:37.440> they<00:05:37.680> returned
the more money they returned
the more money they returned
so<00:05:39.600> we<00:05:39.840> have<00:05:40.080> a<00:05:40.160> biology<00:05:40.960> of<00:05:41.120> trustworthiness
so we have a biology of trustworthiness
so we have a biology of trustworthiness
but<00:05:43.039> wait<00:05:43.600> what's<00:05:43.840> wrong<00:05:44.000> with<00:05:44.160> this
but wait what's wrong with this
but wait what's wrong with this
experiment
experiment
experiment
two<00:05:46.160> things
two things
two things
one<00:05:47.440> is<00:05:47.600> that<00:05:47.840> nothing<00:05:48.160> in<00:05:48.240> the<00:05:48.320> body<00:05:48.560> happens
one is that nothing in the body happens
one is that nothing in the body happens
in<00:05:49.039> isolation<00:05:50.160> so<00:05:50.400> we<00:05:50.479> measured<00:05:50.960> nine<00:05:51.280> other
in isolation so we measured nine other
in isolation so we measured nine other
molecules<00:05:52.000> that<00:05:52.160> interact<00:05:52.479> with<00:05:52.560> oxytocin
molecules that interact with oxytocin
molecules that interact with oxytocin
and<00:05:53.840> they<00:05:54.000> didn't<00:05:54.160> have<00:05:54.320> any<00:05:54.560> effect
and they didn't have any effect
and they didn't have any effect
but<00:05:56.000> the<00:05:56.240> second<00:05:56.639> is<00:05:57.360> that<00:05:57.600> i<00:05:57.680> still<00:05:58.000> only<00:05:58.160> had
but the second is that i still only had
but the second is that i still only had
this<00:05:58.560> indirect<00:05:59.120> relationship<00:05:59.600> between
this indirect relationship between
this indirect relationship between
oxytocin<00:06:00.479> and<00:06:00.560> trustworthiness
oxytocin and trustworthiness
oxytocin and trustworthiness
i<00:06:02.000> didn't<00:06:02.160> know<00:06:02.320> for<00:06:02.560> sure<00:06:02.960> oxytocin<00:06:03.759> caused
i didn't know for sure oxytocin caused
i didn't know for sure oxytocin caused
trustworthiness
trustworthiness
trustworthiness
so<00:06:06.400> for<00:06:06.479> medical<00:06:06.880> experiment<00:06:07.360> i<00:06:07.440> know<00:06:07.600> i'd
so for medical experiment i know i'd
so for medical experiment i know i'd
have<00:06:07.840> to<00:06:07.919> go<00:06:08.240> into<00:06:08.479> the<00:06:08.560> brain<00:06:09.199> and<00:06:09.360> manipulate
have to go into the brain and manipulate
have to go into the brain and manipulate
oxytocin<00:06:10.639> directly
oxytocin directly
oxytocin directly
i<00:06:12.319> used<00:06:12.560> everything<00:06:13.039> short<00:06:13.360> of<00:06:13.440> a<00:06:13.520> drill<00:06:14.160> to
i used everything short of a drill to
i used everything short of a drill to
get<00:06:14.560> oxytocin<00:06:15.199> into<00:06:15.360> my<00:06:15.680> own<00:06:15.840> brain
get oxytocin into my own brain
get oxytocin into my own brain
and<00:06:17.199> i<00:06:17.280> found<00:06:17.520> i<00:06:17.600> could<00:06:17.759> do<00:06:18.000> it<00:06:18.240> with<00:06:18.400> a<00:06:18.479> nasal
and i found i could do it with a nasal
and i found i could do it with a nasal
inhaler<00:06:20.319> so<00:06:20.479> along<00:06:20.720> with<00:06:20.880> colleagues<00:06:21.199> in
inhaler so along with colleagues in
inhaler so along with colleagues in
zurich<00:06:22.000> we<00:06:22.160> put<00:06:22.319> 200<00:06:22.720> men<00:06:22.880> in<00:06:22.960> oxygen<00:06:23.520> or
zurich we put 200 men in oxygen or
zurich we put 200 men in oxygen or
placebo<00:06:24.400> had<00:06:24.639> them<00:06:24.800> do<00:06:24.960> that<00:06:25.120> same<00:06:25.360> trust<00:06:25.600> task
placebo had them do that same trust task
placebo had them do that same trust task
with<00:06:26.080> money<00:06:26.880> we<00:06:27.039> found<00:06:27.199> that<00:06:27.360> those<00:06:27.600> noxios
with money we found that those noxios
with money we found that those noxios
not<00:06:28.319> only<00:06:28.560> showed<00:06:28.800> more<00:06:29.039> trust
not only showed more trust
not only showed more trust
we<00:06:30.160> could<00:06:30.319> more<00:06:30.479> than<00:06:30.800> double<00:06:31.120> the<00:06:31.199> number<00:06:31.440> of
we could more than double the number of
we could more than double the number of
people<00:06:31.759> who<00:06:32.000> sent<00:06:32.400> all<00:06:32.639> their<00:06:32.880> money<00:06:33.199> to<00:06:33.360> a
people who sent all their money to a
people who sent all their money to a
stranger
stranger
stranger
all<00:06:35.120> without<00:06:35.520> altering<00:06:36.080> mood<00:06:36.400> or<00:06:36.560> cognition
all without altering mood or cognition
all without altering mood or cognition
so<00:06:38.960> oxytocin<00:06:39.919> is<00:06:40.479> the<00:06:40.720> trust<00:06:41.199> molecule
so oxytocin is the trust molecule
so oxytocin is the trust molecule
but<00:06:42.800> is<00:06:42.880> it<00:06:43.039> the<00:06:43.280> moral<00:06:43.759> molecule
but is it the moral molecule
but is it the moral molecule
using<00:06:46.080> the<00:06:46.160> oxygen<00:06:46.639> inhaler
using the oxygen inhaler
using the oxygen inhaler
we<00:06:48.000> ran<00:06:48.319> more<00:06:48.560> studies<00:06:49.280> we<00:06:49.520> showed<00:06:49.759> that
we ran more studies we showed that
we ran more studies we showed that
oxidizing<00:06:50.960> infusion<00:06:51.919> increases<00:06:52.479> generosity
oxidizing infusion increases generosity
oxidizing infusion increases generosity
in<00:06:53.759> unilateral<00:06:54.479> monetary<00:06:54.960> transfers<00:06:55.520> by<00:06:55.680> 80
in unilateral monetary transfers by 80
in unilateral monetary transfers by 80
percent
percent
percent
we<00:06:57.520> showed<00:06:57.759> it<00:06:57.919> increases<00:06:58.400> donations<00:06:58.880> to
we showed it increases donations to
we showed it increases donations to
charity<00:06:59.520> by<00:06:59.759> 50
charity by 50
charity by 50
percent<00:07:01.840> i've<00:07:02.080> also<00:07:02.319> investigated
percent i've also investigated
percent i've also investigated
non-pharmacological<00:07:03.759> ways<00:07:04.000> to<00:07:04.080> raise
non-pharmacological ways to raise
non-pharmacological ways to raise
oxytocin<00:07:05.440> these<00:07:05.759> include<00:07:06.400> massage
oxytocin these include massage
oxytocin these include massage
dancing<00:07:08.639> and<00:07:08.880> praying
dancing and praying
dancing and praying
yes<00:07:10.319> my<00:07:10.479> mom<00:07:10.639> was<00:07:10.800> happy<00:07:11.039> about<00:07:11.280> that<00:07:11.440> last<00:07:11.759> one
yes my mom was happy about that last one
yes my mom was happy about that last one
and<00:07:13.360> whenever<00:07:13.680> we<00:07:13.840> raise<00:07:14.080> oxytocin<00:07:14.800> people
and whenever we raise oxytocin people
and whenever we raise oxytocin people
willingly<00:07:15.680> open<00:07:16.000> up<00:07:16.080> their<00:07:16.240> wallets<00:07:16.639> and
willingly open up their wallets and
willingly open up their wallets and
share<00:07:17.120> money<00:07:17.360> with<00:07:17.520> strangers
share money with strangers
share money with strangers
but<00:07:19.599> why<00:07:19.759> do<00:07:19.919> they<00:07:20.080> do<00:07:20.240> this<00:07:20.479> what<00:07:20.639> does<00:07:20.800> it
but why do they do this what does it
but why do they do this what does it
feel<00:07:21.280> like<00:07:21.520> when<00:07:21.680> your<00:07:21.759> brain<00:07:22.000> is<00:07:22.160> flooded
feel like when your brain is flooded
feel like when your brain is flooded
with<00:07:22.720> oxytocin
with oxytocin
with oxytocin
to<00:07:25.199> investigate<00:07:25.759> this<00:07:25.919> question<00:07:26.240> we<00:07:26.319> ran<00:07:26.560> an
to investigate this question we ran an
to investigate this question we ran an
experiment<00:07:27.120> where<00:07:27.280> we<00:07:27.360> had<00:07:27.520> people<00:07:27.840> watch<00:07:28.560> a
experiment where we had people watch a
experiment where we had people watch a
video<00:07:29.360> of<00:07:29.520> a<00:07:29.680> father<00:07:30.000> and<00:07:30.160> his<00:07:30.319> four-year-old
video of a father and his four-year-old
video of a father and his four-year-old
son<00:07:31.440> and<00:07:31.599> the<00:07:31.759> son<00:07:32.000> has<00:07:32.240> terminal<00:07:32.639> brain
son and the son has terminal brain
son and the son has terminal brain
cancer
cancer
cancer
after<00:07:34.479> they<00:07:34.560> watch<00:07:34.880> the<00:07:34.960> video<00:07:35.199> we<00:07:35.280> had<00:07:35.440> them
after they watch the video we had them
after they watch the video we had them
rate<00:07:35.840> their<00:07:36.000> feelings<00:07:36.880> and<00:07:37.039> took<00:07:37.280> blood
rate their feelings and took blood
rate their feelings and took blood
before<00:07:37.759> and<00:07:37.840> after<00:07:38.080> to<00:07:38.160> measure<00:07:38.479> oxytocin
before and after to measure oxytocin
before and after to measure oxytocin
the<00:07:40.639> change<00:07:40.880> in<00:07:41.039> oxytocin<00:07:42.080> predicted<00:07:42.800> their
the change in oxytocin predicted their
the change in oxytocin predicted their
feelings<00:07:43.520> of<00:07:43.759> empathy
feelings of empathy
feelings of empathy
so<00:07:45.919> it's<00:07:46.240> empathy<00:07:46.720> that<00:07:46.960> makes<00:07:47.280> us<00:07:47.680> connect<00:07:48.160> to
so it's empathy that makes us connect to
so it's empathy that makes us connect to
other<00:07:48.560> people
other people
other people
it's<00:07:49.759> empathy<00:07:50.639> that<00:07:50.880> makes<00:07:51.120> us<00:07:51.360> help<00:07:51.599> other
it's empathy that makes us help other
it's empathy that makes us help other
people<00:07:52.479> it's<00:07:52.880> empathy
people it's empathy
people it's empathy
that<00:07:54.240> makes<00:07:54.479> us<00:07:54.720> moral
that makes us moral
that makes us moral
now<00:07:56.720> this<00:07:56.960> idea<00:07:57.280> is<00:07:57.440> not<00:07:57.680> new
now this idea is not new
now this idea is not new
a<00:07:58.960> then<00:07:59.280> unknown<00:07:59.840> philosopher<00:08:00.400> named<00:08:00.639> adam
a then unknown philosopher named adam
a then unknown philosopher named adam
smith<00:08:01.520> wrote<00:08:01.680> a<00:08:01.759> book<00:08:02.000> in<00:08:02.080> 1759<00:08:03.039> called<00:08:03.199> the
smith wrote a book in 1759 called the
smith wrote a book in 1759 called the
theory<00:08:03.599> of<00:08:03.759> moral<00:08:04.080> sentiments
theory of moral sentiments
theory of moral sentiments
in<00:08:05.360> this<00:08:05.599> book<00:08:06.160> smith<00:08:06.560> argued<00:08:07.360> that<00:08:07.599> we<00:08:07.840> are
in this book smith argued that we are
in this book smith argued that we are
moral<00:08:08.319> creatures
moral creatures
moral creatures
not<00:08:09.520> because<00:08:09.840> of<00:08:10.000> a<00:08:10.080> top-down<00:08:10.479> reason<00:08:10.879> but<00:08:11.039> for
not because of a top-down reason but for
not because of a top-down reason but for
a<00:08:11.360> bottom-up<00:08:11.919> reason
a bottom-up reason
a bottom-up reason
he<00:08:12.960> said<00:08:13.120> we're<00:08:13.360> social<00:08:13.680> creatures<00:08:14.080> so<00:08:14.240> we
he said we're social creatures so we
he said we're social creatures so we
share<00:08:14.800> the<00:08:14.960> emotions<00:08:15.360> of<00:08:15.520> others
share the emotions of others
share the emotions of others
so<00:08:16.560> if<00:08:16.639> i<00:08:16.879> do<00:08:17.039> something<00:08:17.440> that<00:08:17.599> hurts<00:08:17.919> you<00:08:18.160> i
so if i do something that hurts you i
so if i do something that hurts you i
feel<00:08:18.639> that<00:08:18.879> pain<00:08:19.680> so<00:08:19.840> i<00:08:19.919> tend<00:08:20.160> to<00:08:20.319> avoid<00:08:20.639> that
feel that pain so i tend to avoid that
feel that pain so i tend to avoid that
if<00:08:21.360> i<00:08:21.440> do<00:08:21.599> something<00:08:21.840> that<00:08:21.919> makes<00:08:22.080> you<00:08:22.240> happy<00:08:22.560> i
if i do something that makes you happy i
if i do something that makes you happy i
get<00:08:22.800> to<00:08:23.039> share<00:08:23.360> your<00:08:23.599> joy<00:08:24.240> so<00:08:24.479> i<00:08:24.560> tend<00:08:24.800> to<00:08:24.879> do
get to share your joy so i tend to do
get to share your joy so i tend to do
those<00:08:25.280> things
those things
those things
now<00:08:26.720> this<00:08:26.879> is<00:08:27.039> the<00:08:27.120> same<00:08:27.360> adam<00:08:27.680> smith<00:08:27.919> who's<00:08:28.080> 17
now this is the same adam smith who's 17
now this is the same adam smith who's 17
years<00:08:28.720> later<00:08:28.960> would<00:08:29.039> write<00:08:29.199> a<00:08:29.280> little<00:08:29.520> book
years later would write a little book
years later would write a little book
called<00:08:29.919> the<00:08:30.080> wealth<00:08:30.319> of<00:08:30.479> nations<00:08:31.360> the
called the wealth of nations the
called the wealth of nations the
founding<00:08:32.159> document<00:08:32.640> of<00:08:32.719> economics<00:08:33.760> but<00:08:34.000> he
founding document of economics but he
founding document of economics but he
was<00:08:34.320> in<00:08:34.399> fact<00:08:34.640> a<00:08:34.800> moral<00:08:35.120> philosopher<00:08:36.320> and<00:08:36.560> he
was in fact a moral philosopher and he
was in fact a moral philosopher and he
was<00:08:37.039> right<00:08:37.440> on<00:08:37.599> why<00:08:37.839> we're<00:08:38.080> moral
was right on why we're moral
was right on why we're moral
i<00:08:39.279> just<00:08:39.519> found<00:08:39.760> the<00:08:39.919> molecule<00:08:40.479> behind<00:08:40.959> it
i just found the molecule behind it
i just found the molecule behind it
but<00:08:42.640> knowing<00:08:42.959> that<00:08:43.200> molecule<00:08:43.839> is<00:08:44.080> valuable
but knowing that molecule is valuable
but knowing that molecule is valuable
because<00:08:45.360> it<00:08:45.519> tells<00:08:45.839> us<00:08:46.240> how<00:08:46.399> to<00:08:46.560> turn<00:08:46.880> up<00:08:46.959> this
because it tells us how to turn up this
because it tells us how to turn up this
behavior<00:08:48.160> and<00:08:48.399> what<00:08:48.640> turns<00:08:49.040> it<00:08:49.200> off
behavior and what turns it off
behavior and what turns it off
in<00:08:50.240> particular<00:08:50.800> tells<00:08:51.120> us<00:08:51.360> why<00:08:51.760> we<00:08:52.000> see
in particular tells us why we see
in particular tells us why we see
immorality
immorality
immorality
so<00:08:55.120> investigate<00:08:55.600> immorality<00:08:56.080> let<00:08:56.240> me<00:08:56.320> bring
so investigate immorality let me bring
so investigate immorality let me bring
you<00:08:56.640> back<00:08:56.800> now<00:08:56.959> to<00:08:57.120> 1980.
you back now to 1980.
you back now to 1980.
i'm<00:08:59.200> working<00:08:59.440> at<00:08:59.600> a<00:08:59.680> gas<00:08:59.920> station<00:09:00.480> in<00:09:00.560> the
i'm working at a gas station in the
i'm working at a gas station in the
outskirts<00:09:01.040> of<00:09:01.120> santa<00:09:01.360> barbara<00:09:01.680> california
outskirts of santa barbara california
outskirts of santa barbara california
if<00:09:03.519> you<00:09:03.600> sit<00:09:03.760> in<00:09:03.839> a<00:09:03.920> gas<00:09:04.080> station<00:09:04.399> all<00:09:04.560> day<00:09:04.720> you
if you sit in a gas station all day you
if you sit in a gas station all day you
see<00:09:05.040> lots<00:09:05.279> of<00:09:05.440> morality<00:09:05.920> and<00:09:06.000> morality<00:09:06.640> let<00:09:06.720> me
see lots of morality and morality let me
see lots of morality and morality let me
tell<00:09:07.040> you<00:09:08.000> so<00:09:08.160> one<00:09:08.320> sunday<00:09:08.640> afternoon<00:09:09.040> a<00:09:09.120> man
tell you so one sunday afternoon a man
tell you so one sunday afternoon a man
walks<00:09:09.600> into<00:09:09.760> my<00:09:09.920> cashier's<00:09:10.399> booth<00:09:10.880> with<00:09:11.040> this
walks into my cashier's booth with this
walks into my cashier's booth with this
beautiful<00:09:11.839> jewelry<00:09:12.240> box<00:09:13.040> opens<00:09:13.360> it<00:09:13.440> up
beautiful jewelry box opens it up
beautiful jewelry box opens it up
there's<00:09:13.760> a<00:09:13.839> pearl<00:09:14.080> necklace<00:09:14.480> inside<00:09:15.360> he<00:09:15.440> said
there's a pearl necklace inside he said
there's a pearl necklace inside he said
hey<00:09:15.760> it<00:09:15.760> was<00:09:15.920> in<00:09:16.000> the<00:09:16.080> men's<00:09:16.320> room<00:09:16.560> i<00:09:16.640> just
hey it was in the men's room i just
hey it was in the men's room i just
found<00:09:17.120> this
found this
found this
what<00:09:18.480> do<00:09:18.560> you<00:09:18.640> think<00:09:18.720> we<00:09:18.880> should<00:09:19.040> do<00:09:19.200> with<00:09:19.360> it
what do you think we should do with it
what do you think we should do with it
putting<00:09:20.959> lost<00:09:21.200> and<00:09:21.360> found<00:09:21.839> so<00:09:22.080> this<00:09:22.240> is<00:09:22.399> very
putting lost and found so this is very
putting lost and found so this is very
valuable<00:09:23.600> we<00:09:23.760> have<00:09:23.839> to<00:09:24.000> find<00:09:24.240> the<00:09:24.399> owner<00:09:24.640> for
valuable we have to find the owner for
valuable we have to find the owner for
this<00:09:25.440> yeah<00:09:26.000> so<00:09:26.160> we're<00:09:26.240> trying<00:09:26.399> to<00:09:26.480> decide<00:09:26.720> what
this yeah so we're trying to decide what
this yeah so we're trying to decide what
to<00:09:26.959> do<00:09:27.120> with<00:09:27.279> this
to do with this
to do with this
the<00:09:28.240> phone<00:09:28.480> rings
the phone rings
the phone rings
and<00:09:29.680> a<00:09:29.760> man<00:09:30.000> says<00:09:30.240> very<00:09:30.399> excitedly
and a man says very excitedly
and a man says very excitedly
i<00:09:31.839> was<00:09:32.000> in<00:09:32.080> your<00:09:32.240> gas<00:09:32.480> station<00:09:32.720> a<00:09:32.720> while<00:09:32.880> ago
i was in your gas station a while ago
i was in your gas station a while ago
and<00:09:33.279> i<00:09:33.360> bought<00:09:33.519> this<00:09:33.680> door<00:09:33.920> for<00:09:34.080> my<00:09:34.240> wife<00:09:34.480> and<00:09:34.720> i
and i bought this door for my wife and i
and i bought this door for my wife and i
can't<00:09:35.120> find<00:09:35.440> it<00:09:35.680> i<00:09:35.839> said<00:09:36.000> pearl<00:09:36.240> necklace<00:09:36.880> yeah
can't find it i said pearl necklace yeah
can't find it i said pearl necklace yeah
hey<00:09:38.000> a<00:09:38.080> guy<00:09:38.240> just<00:09:38.399> found<00:09:38.720> it
hey a guy just found it
hey a guy just found it
oh<00:09:39.920> saving<00:09:40.240> my<00:09:40.399> life<00:09:40.880> here's<00:09:41.200> my<00:09:41.279> phone<00:09:41.519> number
oh saving my life here's my phone number
oh saving my life here's my phone number
tell<00:09:42.399> that<00:09:42.480> guy<00:09:42.640> to<00:09:42.800> wait<00:09:43.040> half<00:09:43.200> an<00:09:43.360> hour<00:09:43.680> i'll
tell that guy to wait half an hour i'll
tell that guy to wait half an hour i'll
be<00:09:44.000> there<00:09:44.240> and<00:09:44.320> i'll<00:09:44.399> give<00:09:44.560> him<00:09:44.640> a<00:09:44.720> 200<00:09:45.279> reward
be there and i'll give him a 200 reward
be there and i'll give him a 200 reward
great<00:09:46.640> so<00:09:46.800> tell<00:09:47.040> the<00:09:47.120> guy<00:09:47.279> look<00:09:47.600> relax<00:09:48.160> get
great so tell the guy look relax get
great so tell the guy look relax get
yourself<00:09:48.640> a<00:09:48.720> fat<00:09:48.880> reward<00:09:49.360> life's<00:09:49.680> good
yourself a fat reward life's good
yourself a fat reward life's good
i<00:09:51.279> can't<00:09:51.519> do<00:09:51.760> it
i can't do it
i can't do it
i<00:09:52.640> have<00:09:52.720> this<00:09:52.880> job<00:09:53.120> interviewing<00:09:53.519> galeta<00:09:53.920> in
i have this job interviewing galeta in
i have this job interviewing galeta in
15<00:09:54.320> minutes<00:09:54.640> and<00:09:54.800> i<00:09:54.959> need<00:09:55.120> this<00:09:55.279> job<00:09:55.600> i<00:09:55.680> got<00:09:55.839> to
15 minutes and i need this job i got to
15 minutes and i need this job i got to
go
go
go
again<00:09:57.839> he<00:09:58.000> asked<00:09:58.160> me<00:09:58.480> what<00:09:58.640> do<00:09:58.720> you<00:09:58.800> think<00:09:58.880> we
again he asked me what do you think we
again he asked me what do you think we
should<00:09:59.200> do
should do
should do
i'm<00:10:00.480> in<00:10:00.560> high<00:10:00.720> school<00:10:01.040> i<00:10:01.120> have<00:10:01.200> no<00:10:01.440> idea
i'm in high school i have no idea
i'm in high school i have no idea
so<00:10:03.440> i<00:10:03.519> said<00:10:03.680> i'll<00:10:03.760> hold<00:10:04.000> it<00:10:04.080> for<00:10:04.240> you<00:10:04.320> said<00:10:04.560> you
so i said i'll hold it for you said you
so i said i'll hold it for you said you
know<00:10:04.800> you've<00:10:04.959> been<00:10:05.120> so<00:10:05.360> nice
know you've been so nice
know you've been so nice
let's<00:10:06.640> split<00:10:06.880> the<00:10:06.959> reward<00:10:07.839> i'll<00:10:08.000> give<00:10:08.160> you<00:10:08.240> the
let's split the reward i'll give you the
let's split the reward i'll give you the
jewelry<00:10:09.200> you<00:10:09.360> give<00:10:09.519> me<00:10:09.600> a<00:10:09.600> hundred<00:10:09.839> dollars
jewelry you give me a hundred dollars
jewelry you give me a hundred dollars
and<00:10:10.240> when<00:10:10.399> the<00:10:10.560> guy<00:10:10.800> comes<00:10:11.440> right<00:10:11.680> you<00:10:11.839> see<00:10:12.000> it
and when the guy comes right you see it
and when the guy comes right you see it
i<00:10:12.320> was<00:10:12.480> conned
i was conned
i was conned
right<00:10:14.000> there's<00:10:14.240> a<00:10:14.399> classic<00:10:14.880> con<00:10:15.120> called<00:10:15.360> the
right there's a classic con called the
right there's a classic con called the
pigeon<00:10:15.839> drop
pigeon drop
pigeon drop
and<00:10:16.880> i<00:10:16.959> was<00:10:17.120> the<00:10:17.279> pigeon
and i was the pigeon
and i was the pigeon
so<00:10:19.200> the<00:10:19.360> way<00:10:19.600> many<00:10:19.920> cons<00:10:20.240> work<00:10:20.560> is<00:10:20.720> not<00:10:20.959> that
so the way many cons work is not that
so the way many cons work is not that
the<00:10:21.360> con<00:10:21.760> man<00:10:22.240> gets<00:10:22.480> the<00:10:22.640> victim<00:10:22.959> to<00:10:23.120> trust<00:10:23.440> him
the con man gets the victim to trust him
the con man gets the victim to trust him
is<00:10:24.399> that<00:10:24.720> he<00:10:25.040> shows
is that he shows
is that he shows
he<00:10:26.160> trusts<00:10:26.640> the<00:10:26.800> victim<00:10:27.680> now<00:10:27.920> we<00:10:28.000> know<00:10:28.160> what
he trusts the victim now we know what
he trusts the victim now we know what
happens<00:10:28.959> the<00:10:29.120> victim's<00:10:29.519> brain<00:10:29.760> releases
happens the victim's brain releases
happens the victim's brain releases
oxytocin<00:10:30.800> and<00:10:30.959> you're<00:10:31.040> opening<00:10:31.279> up<00:10:31.360> your<00:10:31.440> wall
oxytocin and you're opening up your wall
oxytocin and you're opening up your wall
to<00:10:31.839> purse<00:10:32.000> and<00:10:32.160> giving<00:10:32.399> away<00:10:32.560> the<00:10:32.640> money
to purse and giving away the money
to purse and giving away the money
right
right
right
so<00:10:34.880> who<00:10:35.120> are<00:10:35.279> these<00:10:35.519> people<00:10:35.839> who<00:10:36.000> manipulate
so who are these people who manipulate
so who are these people who manipulate
our<00:10:36.959> oxytocin<00:10:37.600> systems
our oxytocin systems
our oxytocin systems
we<00:10:39.120> found<00:10:39.760> testing<00:10:40.320> thousands<00:10:40.720> of
we found testing thousands of
we found testing thousands of
individuals<00:10:41.839> that<00:10:42.160> five<00:10:42.320> percent<00:10:42.640> of<00:10:42.720> the
individuals that five percent of the
individuals that five percent of the
population<00:10:43.839> don't<00:10:44.079> release<00:10:44.399> oxytocin<00:10:45.040> and
population don't release oxytocin and
population don't release oxytocin and
stimulus
stimulus
stimulus
so<00:10:48.000> if<00:10:48.160> you<00:10:48.560> trust<00:10:48.880> them<00:10:49.360> their<00:10:49.519> brains<00:10:49.760> don't
so if you trust them their brains don't
so if you trust them their brains don't
release<00:10:50.160> oxytocin<00:10:50.720> if<00:10:50.800> there's<00:10:51.040> money<00:10:51.200> in<00:10:51.279> the
release oxytocin if there's money in the
release oxytocin if there's money in the
table<00:10:52.000> they<00:10:52.160> keep<00:10:52.399> it<00:10:52.560> all
table they keep it all
table they keep it all
so<00:10:53.600> there's<00:10:53.839> a<00:10:53.920> technical<00:10:54.480> word<00:10:54.640> for<00:10:54.800> these
so there's a technical word for these
so there's a technical word for these
people<00:10:55.120> in<00:10:55.200> my<00:10:55.360> lab<00:10:55.839> we<00:10:56.000> call<00:10:56.240> them
people in my lab we call them
people in my lab we call them
bastards
these<00:11:01.120> are<00:11:01.279> not<00:11:01.519> people<00:11:01.760> you<00:11:01.839> want<00:11:01.920> to<00:11:02.000> have<00:11:02.160> a
these are not people you want to have a
these are not people you want to have a
beer<00:11:02.480> with<00:11:02.959> they<00:11:03.120> have<00:11:03.279> many<00:11:03.519> of<00:11:03.600> the
beer with they have many of the
beer with they have many of the
attributes<00:11:04.160> of<00:11:04.320> psychopaths
attributes of psychopaths
attributes of psychopaths
okay<00:11:06.399> now<00:11:06.560> there<00:11:06.640> are<00:11:06.800> other<00:11:06.959> ways<00:11:07.200> the<00:11:07.360> system
okay now there are other ways the system
okay now there are other ways the system
can<00:11:07.839> be<00:11:08.000> inhibited
can be inhibited
can be inhibited
one<00:11:09.279> is<00:11:09.440> through
one is through
one is through
improper<00:11:11.200> nurturing<00:11:12.079> so<00:11:12.240> we've<00:11:12.560> studied
improper nurturing so we've studied
improper nurturing so we've studied
sexually<00:11:13.440> abused<00:11:13.839> women<00:11:14.399> and<00:11:14.560> about<00:11:14.800> half
sexually abused women and about half
sexually abused women and about half
those<00:11:15.440> don't<00:11:15.680> release<00:11:16.000> oxytocin<00:11:16.640> stimulus
those don't release oxytocin stimulus
those don't release oxytocin stimulus
okay<00:11:18.079> you<00:11:18.240> need<00:11:18.399> enough<00:11:18.720> nurturing<00:11:19.120> for<00:11:19.279> the
okay you need enough nurturing for the
okay you need enough nurturing for the
system<00:11:19.760> to<00:11:19.920> develop<00:11:20.399> properly
system to develop properly
system to develop properly
also<00:11:22.399> high<00:11:22.640> stress<00:11:23.120> inhibit<00:11:23.600> oxytocin<00:11:24.560> so<00:11:24.720> we
also high stress inhibit oxytocin so we
also high stress inhibit oxytocin so we
all<00:11:25.040> know<00:11:25.200> this<00:11:25.360> when<00:11:25.519> we're<00:11:25.760> really<00:11:26.079> stressed
all know this when we're really stressed
all know this when we're really stressed
out<00:11:26.720> we're<00:11:27.040> not<00:11:27.279> acting<00:11:27.600> our<00:11:27.760> best
out we're not acting our best
out we're not acting our best
there's<00:11:29.600> another<00:11:29.920> way<00:11:30.079> oscillation<00:11:30.640> is
there's another way oscillation is
there's another way oscillation is
inhibited<00:11:31.200> which<00:11:31.360> is<00:11:31.600> interesting
inhibited which is interesting
inhibited which is interesting
through<00:11:33.040> the<00:11:33.120> action<00:11:33.440> of<00:11:33.600> testosterone
through the action of testosterone
through the action of testosterone
so<00:11:35.920> we<00:11:36.160> in<00:11:36.320> experiments<00:11:36.800> have<00:11:36.959> administered
so we in experiments have administered
so we in experiments have administered
testosterone<00:11:38.000> to<00:11:38.160> men<00:11:38.640> instead<00:11:39.040> of<00:11:39.200> sharing
testosterone to men instead of sharing
testosterone to men instead of sharing
money<00:11:40.320> they<00:11:40.480> become<00:11:40.959> selfish
money they become selfish
money they become selfish
okay<00:11:43.120> but<00:11:43.519> interestingly
okay but interestingly
okay but interestingly
high<00:11:45.600> testosterone<00:11:46.240> males<00:11:46.560> are<00:11:46.720> also<00:11:47.120> more
high testosterone males are also more
high testosterone males are also more
likely<00:11:47.760> to<00:11:47.920> use<00:11:48.160> their<00:11:48.320> own<00:11:48.480> money<00:11:48.720> to<00:11:48.880> punish
likely to use their own money to punish
likely to use their own money to punish
others<00:11:49.600> for<00:11:49.760> being<00:11:50.079> selfish
others for being selfish
others for being selfish
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause]
now<00:11:52.720> think<00:11:52.880> about<00:11:53.120> this<00:11:53.440> it<00:11:53.600> means<00:11:53.839> within<00:11:54.240> our
now think about this it means within our
now think about this it means within our
own<00:11:54.560> biology<00:11:55.440> we<00:11:55.600> have<00:11:55.839> the<00:11:56.000> yin<00:11:56.399> and<00:11:56.560> yang<00:11:57.200> of
own biology we have the yin and yang of
own biology we have the yin and yang of
morality<00:11:58.320> we<00:11:58.480> have<00:11:58.640> oxytocin<00:11:59.200> that<00:11:59.360> connects
morality we have oxytocin that connects
morality we have oxytocin that connects
us<00:11:59.839> to<00:12:00.000> others<00:12:00.320> makes<00:12:00.560> stuff<00:12:00.720> makes<00:12:00.959> us<00:12:01.200> feel
us to others makes stuff makes us feel
us to others makes stuff makes us feel
what<00:12:01.600> they<00:12:01.839> feel
what they feel
what they feel
and<00:12:03.680> we<00:12:03.839> have<00:12:04.000> testosterone<00:12:05.200> and<00:12:05.360> men<00:12:05.600> have<00:12:05.839> 10
and we have testosterone and men have 10
and we have testosterone and men have 10
times<00:12:06.320> the<00:12:06.399> testosterone<00:12:07.040> as<00:12:07.120> women<00:12:07.360> so<00:12:07.519> men
times the testosterone as women so men
times the testosterone as women so men
do<00:12:07.920> this<00:12:08.000> more<00:12:08.240> than<00:12:08.399> women<00:12:08.959> we<00:12:09.120> have
do this more than women we have
do this more than women we have
testosterone<00:12:09.839> it<00:12:09.920> makes<00:12:10.079> us<00:12:10.160> want<00:12:10.320> to<00:12:10.480> punish
testosterone it makes us want to punish
testosterone it makes us want to punish
people<00:12:11.680> who<00:12:12.079> behave<00:12:12.480> immorally
people who behave immorally
people who behave immorally
we<00:12:13.839> don't<00:12:14.000> need<00:12:14.160> god<00:12:14.399> or<00:12:14.480> government<00:12:14.800> telling
we don't need god or government telling
we don't need god or government telling
what<00:12:15.279> to<00:12:15.360> do<00:12:16.000> it's<00:12:16.160> all<00:12:16.320> inside<00:12:16.639> of<00:12:16.800> us
what to do it's all inside of us
what to do it's all inside of us
okay
okay
okay
right<00:12:18.959> so<00:12:19.200> you<00:12:19.360> may<00:12:19.519> be<00:12:19.680> wondering<00:12:20.320> oh<00:12:20.639> these
right so you may be wondering oh these
right so you may be wondering oh these
are<00:12:20.959> beautiful<00:12:21.360> laboratory<00:12:21.920> experiments<00:12:22.720> do
are beautiful laboratory experiments do
are beautiful laboratory experiments do
they<00:12:23.040> really<00:12:23.279> apply<00:12:23.600> to<00:12:23.680> real<00:12:23.920> life<00:12:24.480> yeah<00:12:24.720> i've
they really apply to real life yeah i've
they really apply to real life yeah i've
been<00:12:24.959> worrying<00:12:25.279> about<00:12:25.440> that<00:12:25.680> too
been worrying about that too
been worrying about that too
so<00:12:26.720> i've<00:12:26.800> gone<00:12:27.040> out<00:12:27.279> of<00:12:27.360> the<00:12:27.440> lab<00:12:28.000> to<00:12:28.160> see<00:12:28.399> if
so i've gone out of the lab to see if
so i've gone out of the lab to see if
this<00:12:28.880> really<00:12:29.279> holds<00:12:29.600> in<00:12:29.760> our<00:12:29.839> daily<00:12:30.160> lives<00:12:31.040> so
this really holds in our daily lives so
this really holds in our daily lives so
last<00:12:31.519> summer<00:12:31.839> i<00:12:31.920> attended<00:12:32.240> a<00:12:32.320> wedding<00:12:32.639> in
last summer i attended a wedding in
last summer i attended a wedding in
southern<00:12:33.120> england
southern england
southern england
200<00:12:34.560> people<00:12:34.800> in<00:12:34.880> this<00:12:35.120> beautiful<00:12:35.440> victorian
200 people in this beautiful victorian
200 people in this beautiful victorian
mansion<00:12:36.560> i<00:12:36.639> didn't<00:12:36.800> know<00:12:36.959> a<00:12:37.040> single<00:12:37.360> person
mansion i didn't know a single person
mansion i didn't know a single person
and<00:12:38.639> i<00:12:38.720> drove<00:12:38.959> up<00:12:39.040> in<00:12:39.120> my<00:12:39.279> rented<00:12:39.600> vauxhall<00:12:40.480> and
and i drove up in my rented vauxhall and
and i drove up in my rented vauxhall and
i<00:12:40.800> took<00:12:41.040> out<00:12:41.200> a<00:12:41.279> centrifuge<00:12:42.240> and<00:12:42.320> dry<00:12:42.639> ice<00:12:43.200> and
i took out a centrifuge and dry ice and
i took out a centrifuge and dry ice and
needles<00:12:43.920> and<00:12:44.160> tubes<00:12:44.959> and<00:12:45.120> i<00:12:45.200> took<00:12:45.440> blood<00:12:45.680> from
needles and tubes and i took blood from
needles and tubes and i took blood from
the<00:12:46.000> bride<00:12:46.480> and<00:12:46.560> the<00:12:46.639> groom<00:12:46.880> and<00:12:46.959> the<00:12:47.040> wedding
the bride and the groom and the wedding
the bride and the groom and the wedding
party<00:12:47.600> the<00:12:47.760> family<00:12:48.079> and<00:12:48.160> the<00:12:48.240> friends<00:12:48.560> before
party the family and the friends before
party the family and the friends before
and<00:12:49.200> immediately<00:12:49.680> after<00:12:49.920> the<00:12:50.079> vows
guess<00:12:53.519> what
guess what
guess what
weddings<00:12:55.360> cause<00:12:55.600> the<00:12:55.680> release<00:12:56.000> of<00:12:56.079> oxytocin
weddings cause the release of oxytocin
weddings cause the release of oxytocin
but<00:12:57.200> they<00:12:57.360> do<00:12:57.519> so<00:12:57.760> in<00:12:57.839> a<00:12:58.000> very<00:12:58.240> particular<00:12:58.800> way
but they do so in a very particular way
but they do so in a very particular way
who<00:13:00.160> is<00:13:00.240> the<00:13:00.399> center<00:13:00.720> of<00:13:00.800> the<00:13:00.880> wedding<00:13:01.120> solar
who is the center of the wedding solar
who is the center of the wedding solar
system<00:13:02.320> the<00:13:02.560> bride<00:13:03.120> should<00:13:03.360> the<00:13:03.440> biggest
system the bride should the biggest
system the bride should the biggest
increase<00:13:04.079> in<00:13:04.240> oxytocin
increase in oxytocin
increase in oxytocin
who<00:13:06.240> loved<00:13:06.560> the<00:13:06.720> wedding<00:13:07.120> almost<00:13:07.360> as<00:13:07.519> much<00:13:07.680> as
who loved the wedding almost as much as
who loved the wedding almost as much as
a<00:13:07.920> bride
a bride
a bride
her<00:13:09.600> mother<00:13:10.000> that's<00:13:10.399> right<00:13:10.959> her<00:13:11.120> mother<00:13:11.360> was
her mother that's right her mother was
her mother that's right her mother was
number<00:13:11.839> two
number two
number two
then<00:13:13.360> the<00:13:13.519> groom's<00:13:13.920> father<00:13:14.240> then<00:13:14.480> the<00:13:14.639> groom
then the groom's father then the groom
then the groom's father then the groom
then<00:13:15.200> the<00:13:15.360> family<00:13:15.680> then<00:13:15.839> the<00:13:16.000> friends<00:13:16.720> arrayed
then the family then the friends arrayed
then the family then the friends arrayed
around<00:13:17.519> the<00:13:17.680> bride<00:13:18.160> like<00:13:18.399> planets<00:13:18.880> around<00:13:19.120> the
around the bride like planets around the
around the bride like planets around the
sun
sun
sun
so<00:13:20.800> i<00:13:21.040> think<00:13:21.279> it<00:13:21.360> tells<00:13:21.600> us<00:13:21.760> that<00:13:21.920> we've
so i think it tells us that we've
so i think it tells us that we've
designed<00:13:22.480> this<00:13:22.639> ritual<00:13:23.519> to<00:13:23.760> connect<00:13:24.240> us<00:13:24.560> to
designed this ritual to connect us to
designed this ritual to connect us to
this<00:13:24.959> new<00:13:25.120> couple
this new couple
this new couple
connect<00:13:26.959> us<00:13:27.120> emotionally<00:13:27.839> why<00:13:28.320> because<00:13:28.639> we
connect us emotionally why because we
connect us emotionally why because we
need<00:13:29.120> them<00:13:29.279> to<00:13:29.440> be<00:13:29.600> successful<00:13:30.240> reproducing
need them to be successful reproducing
need them to be successful reproducing
to<00:13:30.959> perpetuate<00:13:31.600> the<00:13:31.760> species
to perpetuate the species
to perpetuate the species
also<00:13:34.320> worried<00:13:34.639> that<00:13:34.800> my<00:13:34.959> trust<00:13:35.200> experiments
also worried that my trust experiments
also worried that my trust experiments
with<00:13:35.760> small<00:13:36.000> amounts<00:13:36.240> of<00:13:36.320> money<00:13:36.720> didn't
with small amounts of money didn't
with small amounts of money didn't
really<00:13:37.200> capture<00:13:37.600> how<00:13:37.839> often<00:13:38.160> we<00:13:38.320> actually
really capture how often we actually
really capture how often we actually
trust<00:13:38.880> our<00:13:39.040> lives<00:13:39.360> to<00:13:39.440> strangers
trust our lives to strangers
trust our lives to strangers
so<00:13:40.720> even<00:13:40.880> though<00:13:41.040> i<00:13:41.120> have<00:13:41.200> a<00:13:41.279> fear<00:13:41.519> of<00:13:41.600> heights
so even though i have a fear of heights
so even though i have a fear of heights
i<00:13:42.000> recently<00:13:42.320> strapped<00:13:42.639> myself<00:13:42.959> another<00:13:43.200> human
i recently strapped myself another human
i recently strapped myself another human
being<00:13:44.160> and<00:13:44.320> stepped<00:13:44.720> out<00:13:44.880> of<00:13:44.959> an<00:13:45.120> airplane<00:13:45.519> at
being and stepped out of an airplane at
being and stepped out of an airplane at
12<00:13:46.079> 000<00:13:46.480> feet
12 000 feet
12 000 feet
i<00:13:47.839> took<00:13:48.000> my<00:13:48.160> blood<00:13:48.399> before<00:13:48.639> and<00:13:48.800> after
i took my blood before and after
i took my blood before and after
and<00:13:49.920> i<00:13:50.000> had<00:13:50.160> a<00:13:50.320> huge<00:13:50.639> spike<00:13:50.880> in<00:13:51.040> oxytocin
and i had a huge spike in oxytocin
and i had a huge spike in oxytocin
and<00:13:53.440> there's<00:13:53.760> so<00:13:53.920> many<00:13:54.160> ways<00:13:54.480> we<00:13:54.560> can<00:13:54.720> connect
and there's so many ways we can connect
and there's so many ways we can connect
to<00:13:55.200> people
to people
to people
for<00:13:56.399> example<00:13:56.720> through<00:13:56.880> social<00:13:57.279> media<00:13:57.680> many
for example through social media many
for example through social media many
people<00:13:58.160> are<00:13:58.320> tweeting<00:13:58.720> right<00:13:58.880> now
people are tweeting right now
people are tweeting right now
so<00:14:00.000> we<00:14:00.079> investigated<00:14:00.560> the<00:14:00.639> role<00:14:00.800> of<00:14:00.880> social
so we investigated the role of social
so we investigated the role of social
media<00:14:01.440> and<00:14:01.600> found<00:14:01.760> that<00:14:01.920> using<00:14:02.160> social<00:14:02.560> media
media and found that using social media
media and found that using social media
produces<00:14:03.760> solid<00:14:04.079> double-digit<00:14:04.639> increases<00:14:04.959> in
produces solid double-digit increases in
produces solid double-digit increases in
oxytocin
oxytocin
oxytocin
so<00:14:06.880> i<00:14:06.959> ran<00:14:07.199> this<00:14:07.360> experiment<00:14:07.760> recently<00:14:08.079> for
so i ran this experiment recently for
so i ran this experiment recently for
the<00:14:08.320> korean<00:14:08.639> broadcasting<00:14:09.279> system<00:14:09.839> and<00:14:09.920> they
the korean broadcasting system and they
the korean broadcasting system and they
had<00:14:10.240> the<00:14:10.399> reporters<00:14:11.199> and<00:14:11.279> their<00:14:11.440> producers
had the reporters and their producers
had the reporters and their producers
participate
participate
participate
and<00:14:13.600> one<00:14:13.760> of<00:14:13.839> these<00:14:14.000> guys<00:14:14.399> must<00:14:14.560> have<00:14:14.639> been
and one of these guys must have been
and one of these guys must have been
he<00:14:16.000> had<00:14:16.160> a<00:14:16.320> 150<00:14:17.440> spike<00:14:17.760> in<00:14:17.920> oxytocin<00:14:18.560> i<00:14:18.639> mean
he had a 150 spike in oxytocin i mean
he had a 150 spike in oxytocin i mean
astounding<00:14:19.600> no<00:14:19.760> one<00:14:19.920> has<00:14:20.079> this
astounding no one has this
astounding no one has this
so<00:14:21.040> he<00:14:21.199> was<00:14:21.360> using<00:14:21.600> social<00:14:21.920> media<00:14:22.240> in<00:14:22.320> private
so he was using social media in private
so he was using social media in private
when<00:14:23.120> i<00:14:23.199> wrote<00:14:23.440> my<00:14:23.600> report<00:14:23.920> to<00:14:24.000> the<00:14:24.079> koreans<00:14:24.399> i
when i wrote my report to the koreans i
when i wrote my report to the koreans i
said<00:14:24.639> look<00:14:24.959> i<00:14:25.120> don't<00:14:25.199> know<00:14:25.360> what<00:14:25.440> this<00:14:25.600> guy<00:14:25.760> was
said look i don't know what this guy was
said look i don't know what this guy was
doing<00:14:26.240> but<00:14:26.399> my<00:14:26.560> guess<00:14:26.880> was<00:14:27.519> interacting<00:14:27.920> with
doing but my guess was interacting with
doing but my guess was interacting with
his<00:14:28.320> mother<00:14:28.639> or<00:14:28.880> his<00:14:29.040> girlfriend<00:14:30.079> they
his mother or his girlfriend they
his mother or his girlfriend they
checked<00:14:31.199> he<00:14:31.360> was<00:14:31.519> interacting<00:14:32.000> on<00:14:32.160> his
checked he was interacting on his
checked he was interacting on his
girlfriend's<00:14:32.800> facebook<00:14:33.199> page
girlfriend's facebook page
girlfriend's facebook page
there<00:14:34.480> you<00:14:34.720> go<00:14:35.279> that's<00:14:35.680> connection
there you go that's connection
there you go that's connection
right<00:14:36.959> so<00:14:37.120> there's<00:14:37.440> tons<00:14:37.839> of<00:14:37.920> ways<00:14:38.240> that<00:14:38.320> we
right so there's tons of ways that we
right so there's tons of ways that we
can<00:14:38.639> connect<00:14:38.880> to<00:14:39.040> other<00:14:39.199> people<00:14:40.000> and<00:14:40.160> it<00:14:40.320> seems
can connect to other people and it seems
can connect to other people and it seems
to<00:14:40.720> be<00:14:40.800> universal
to be universal
to be universal
two<00:14:42.160> weeks<00:14:42.480> ago<00:14:43.199> i<00:14:43.440> just<00:14:43.680> got<00:14:43.920> back<00:14:44.160> from<00:14:44.320> papua
two weeks ago i just got back from papua
two weeks ago i just got back from papua
new<00:14:44.800> guinea
new guinea
new guinea
where<00:14:45.920> i<00:14:46.079> went<00:14:46.320> up<00:14:46.399> to<00:14:46.480> the<00:14:46.639> highlands
where i went up to the highlands
where i went up to the highlands
very<00:14:48.160> isolated<00:14:48.800> tribes<00:14:49.199> of<00:14:50.240> subsistence
very isolated tribes of subsistence
very isolated tribes of subsistence
farmers<00:14:51.279> living<00:14:51.680> as<00:14:51.839> they<00:14:52.000> have<00:14:52.240> lived<00:14:52.480> for
farmers living as they have lived for
farmers living as they have lived for
millennia<00:14:53.680> there<00:14:53.760> are<00:14:53.920> 800<00:14:54.639> different
millennia there are 800 different
millennia there are 800 different
languages<00:14:55.279> in<00:14:55.440> the<00:14:55.519> highlands
languages in the highlands
languages in the highlands
these<00:14:56.880> are<00:14:57.040> the<00:14:57.360> most<00:14:57.760> primitive<00:14:58.240> people<00:14:58.480> in
these are the most primitive people in
these are the most primitive people in
the<00:14:58.639> world<00:14:59.440> and<00:14:59.680> they<00:15:00.079> indeed<00:15:00.639> also<00:15:01.040> release
the world and they indeed also release
the world and they indeed also release
oxytocin
oxytocin
oxytocin
okay<00:15:03.440> so<00:15:03.680> oxytocin<00:15:04.399> connects<00:15:04.880> us<00:15:05.040> to<00:15:05.279> other
okay so oxytocin connects us to other
okay so oxytocin connects us to other
people<00:15:06.320> oxytocin<00:15:06.959> makes<00:15:07.199> us<00:15:07.360> feel<00:15:07.600> what<00:15:07.680> other
people oxytocin makes us feel what other
people oxytocin makes us feel what other
people<00:15:08.320> feel<00:15:08.959> and<00:15:09.120> it's<00:15:09.440> so<00:15:09.920> easy<00:15:10.399> to<00:15:10.639> cause
people feel and it's so easy to cause
people feel and it's so easy to cause
people's<00:15:11.279> brains<00:15:11.519> to<00:15:11.680> release<00:15:12.000> oxytocin
people's brains to release oxytocin
people's brains to release oxytocin
i<00:15:14.160> know<00:15:14.320> how<00:15:14.480> to<00:15:14.560> do<00:15:14.800> it<00:15:15.199> and<00:15:15.360> my<00:15:15.600> favorite<00:15:15.920> way
i know how to do it and my favorite way
i know how to do it and my favorite way
to<00:15:16.240> do<00:15:16.399> it<00:15:16.880> is<00:15:17.040> in<00:15:17.199> fact<00:15:17.440> the<00:15:17.600> easiest<00:15:18.079> let<00:15:18.240> me
to do it is in fact the easiest let me
to do it is in fact the easiest let me
show<00:15:18.560> it<00:15:18.639> to<00:15:18.800> you
come here<00:15:25.839> give<00:15:26.000> me<00:15:26.079> a<00:15:26.079> hug
there<00:15:29.199> you<00:15:29.360> go
so<00:15:39.760> my<00:15:40.000> penchant<00:15:40.399> for<00:15:40.560> hugging<00:15:40.880> other<00:15:41.040> people
so my penchant for hugging other people
so my penchant for hugging other people
is<00:15:41.360> earning<00:15:41.600> the<00:15:41.680> nickname<00:15:42.160> dr<00:15:42.560> love
is earning the nickname dr love
is earning the nickname dr love
i'm<00:15:44.079> happy<00:15:44.320> to<00:15:44.480> share<00:15:44.720> a<00:15:44.800> little<00:15:44.959> more<00:15:45.120> love<00:15:45.360> in
i'm happy to share a little more love in
i'm happy to share a little more love in
the<00:15:45.519> world<00:15:45.839> it's<00:15:46.079> great
the world it's great
the world it's great
but<00:15:47.760> here's<00:15:48.000> your<00:15:48.160> prescription<00:15:48.720> from<00:15:48.880> dr
but here's your prescription from dr
but here's your prescription from dr
love
love
love
eight<00:15:50.639> hugs<00:15:50.959> a<00:15:51.040> day
eight hugs a day
eight hugs a day
we<00:15:52.880> have<00:15:53.040> found<00:15:53.360> that<00:15:53.519> people<00:15:53.839> release<00:15:54.320> more
we have found that people release more
we have found that people release more
oxytocin<00:15:55.920> are<00:15:56.240> happier
oxytocin are happier
oxytocin are happier
and<00:15:57.519> they're<00:15:57.759> happier<00:15:58.240> because<00:15:58.480> they<00:15:58.639> have
and they're happier because they have
and they're happier because they have
better<00:15:59.040> relationships<00:15:59.759> of<00:16:00.000> all<00:16:00.320> types
better relationships of all types
better relationships of all types
dr<00:16:02.480> love<00:16:02.800> says<00:16:03.199> eight<00:16:03.440> hugs<00:16:03.759> a<00:16:03.839> day
dr love says eight hugs a day
dr love says eight hugs a day
eight<00:16:04.959> times<00:16:05.199> a<00:16:05.279> day<00:16:05.519> you'll<00:16:05.759> be<00:16:05.839> happier<00:16:06.320> and
eight times a day you'll be happier and
eight times a day you'll be happier and
the<00:16:06.560> world<00:16:06.800> will<00:16:06.959> be<00:16:07.040> a<00:16:07.120> better<00:16:07.440> place
the world will be a better place
the world will be a better place
of<00:16:08.560> course<00:16:08.800> if<00:16:08.880> you<00:16:08.959> don't<00:16:09.040> like<00:16:09.199> to<00:16:09.279> touch
of course if you don't like to touch
of course if you don't like to touch
people<00:16:10.240> i<00:16:10.320> can<00:16:10.480> always<00:16:10.720> shove<00:16:10.880> this<00:16:11.120> up<00:16:11.199> your
nose<00:16:14.880> thank<00:16:15.120> you
thank<00:16:22.480> you
thank you
thank you
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Applause]
[Music]
Paul Zak, oxytocin, morality, ethics, TED, TED-Ed, TED, Ed, TEDEducation
