America's native prisoners of war - Aaron Huey
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[Music]
[Music]
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I'm<00:00:16.240> here<00:00:16.359> today<00:00:16.600> to<00:00:16.680> show<00:00:17.000> my<00:00:17.160> photographs<00:00:18.039> of
I'm here today to show my photographs of
I'm here today to show my photographs of
the<00:00:18.680> Lakota<00:00:19.680> how<00:00:19.840> many<00:00:20.039> of<00:00:20.160> you<00:00:20.359> may<00:00:20.640> have
the Lakota how many of you may have
the Lakota how many of you may have
heard<00:00:20.880> of<00:00:21.000> the<00:00:21.080> Lakota<00:00:21.840> or<00:00:22.000> at<00:00:22.119> least<00:00:22.279> the
heard of the Lakota or at least the
heard of the Lakota or at least the
larger<00:00:22.720> group<00:00:22.920> of<00:00:23.119> tribes<00:00:23.800> called<00:00:24.119> the
larger group of tribes called the
larger group of tribes called the
sue<00:00:25.920> the<00:00:26.039> Lakota<00:00:26.439> are<00:00:26.519> one<00:00:26.640> of<00:00:26.760> many<00:00:27.000> tribes
sue the Lakota are one of many tribes
sue the Lakota are one of many tribes
that<00:00:27.359> were<00:00:27.519> moved<00:00:27.800> off<00:00:27.960> their<00:00:28.160> land<00:00:28.760> to
that were moved off their land to
that were moved off their land to
prisoner<00:00:29.320> of<00:00:29.480> war<00:00:29.720> camp
prisoner of war camp
prisoner of war camp
now<00:00:30.840> called
now called
now called
reservations<00:00:32.759> the<00:00:32.920> Pine<00:00:33.120> Ridge
reservations the Pine Ridge
reservations the Pine Ridge
reservation<00:00:34.960> the<00:00:35.120> subject<00:00:35.440> of<00:00:35.600> today's
reservation the subject of today's
reservation the subject of today's
slideshow<00:00:37.040> is<00:00:37.200> located<00:00:37.600> about<00:00:37.800> 75<00:00:38.440> miles
slideshow is located about 75 miles
slideshow is located about 75 miles
Southeast<00:00:39.320> of<00:00:39.440> the<00:00:39.559> Black<00:00:39.760> Hills<00:00:40.000> in<00:00:40.160> South
Southeast of the Black Hills in South
Southeast of the Black Hills in South
Dakota<00:00:41.320> it<00:00:41.440> is<00:00:41.800> sometimes<00:00:42.079> referred<00:00:42.480> to<00:00:43.120> as
Dakota it is sometimes referred to as
Dakota it is sometimes referred to as
prisoner<00:00:43.640> of<00:00:43.760> war<00:00:44.039> camp<00:00:44.640> number<00:00:45.320> 334<00:00:46.320> and<00:00:46.440> is
prisoner of war camp number 334 and is
prisoner of war camp number 334 and is
where<00:00:46.719> the<00:00:46.840> Lakota<00:00:47.280> now<00:00:47.520> live<00:00:48.520> now<00:00:48.680> if<00:00:48.800> any<00:00:48.920> of
where the Lakota now live now if any of
where the Lakota now live now if any of
you<00:00:49.160> have<00:00:49.280> ever<00:00:49.480> heard<00:00:49.680> of<00:00:49.879> aim<00:00:50.640> the<00:00:50.760> American
you have ever heard of aim the American
you have ever heard of aim the American
Indian<00:00:51.680> movement<00:00:52.680> or<00:00:52.960> of<00:00:53.320> Russell<00:00:53.680> Means<00:00:54.440> or
Indian movement or of Russell Means or
Indian movement or of Russell Means or
Leonard
Leonard
Leonard
Peltier<00:00:56.879> or<00:00:57.039> of<00:00:57.160> the<00:00:57.320> standoff<00:00:57.760> at<00:00:58.120> ogala<00:00:59.120> then
Peltier or of the standoff at ogala then
Peltier or of the standoff at ogala then
you<00:00:59.399> know<00:01:00.000> that<00:01:00.120> Pine<00:01:00.359> Ridge<00:01:00.680> is<00:01:00.840> Ground<00:01:01.199> Zero
you know that Pine Ridge is Ground Zero
you know that Pine Ridge is Ground Zero
for<00:01:01.640> Native<00:01:01.920> issues<00:01:02.199> in<00:01:02.320> the
for Native issues in the
for Native issues in the
US<00:01:04.479> so<00:01:04.680> I've<00:01:04.799> been<00:01:05.000> asked<00:01:05.400> to<00:01:05.600> talk<00:01:05.840> a<00:01:05.920> little
US so I've been asked to talk a little
US so I've been asked to talk a little
bit<00:01:06.240> today<00:01:06.640> about<00:01:06.880> my<00:01:07.080> relationship<00:01:07.640> with<00:01:07.759> a
bit today about my relationship with a
bit today about my relationship with a
Lakota<00:01:08.880> and<00:01:09.000> that's<00:01:09.119> a<00:01:09.240> very<00:01:09.640> difficult<00:01:09.799> one
Lakota and that's a very difficult one
Lakota and that's a very difficult one
for<00:01:10.159> me<00:01:10.960> because<00:01:11.280> if<00:01:11.360> you<00:01:11.439> haven't<00:01:11.640> noticed
for me because if you haven't noticed
for me because if you haven't noticed
from<00:01:12.080> my<00:01:12.200> skin<00:01:12.479> color<00:01:13.200> I'm<00:01:13.759> white<00:01:14.759> and<00:01:14.880> that<00:01:15.000> is
from my skin color I'm white and that is
from my skin color I'm white and that is
a<00:01:15.240> huge<00:01:15.479> barrier<00:01:15.799> on<00:01:15.960> a<00:01:16.119> native
a huge barrier on a native
a huge barrier on a native
reservation<00:01:18.320> um<00:01:19.320> you'll<00:01:19.520> see<00:01:19.680> a<00:01:19.759> lot<00:01:19.880> of
reservation um you'll see a lot of
reservation um you'll see a lot of
people<00:01:20.159> in<00:01:20.280> my<00:01:20.439> photographs<00:01:21.000> today<00:01:21.720> and<00:01:21.840> I've
people in my photographs today and I've
people in my photographs today and I've
become<00:01:22.280> very<00:01:22.439> close<00:01:22.720> with<00:01:22.880> them<00:01:23.200> they've
become very close with them they've
become very close with them they've
welcomed<00:01:23.720> me<00:01:23.840> like<00:01:24.119> family<00:01:24.840> they've<00:01:25.040> called
welcomed me like family they've called
welcomed me like family they've called
me<00:01:25.439> brother<00:01:25.840> and<00:01:26.040> uncle<00:01:26.759> and<00:01:27.000> invited<00:01:27.360> me
me brother and uncle and invited me
me brother and uncle and invited me
again<00:01:27.680> and<00:01:27.880> again<00:01:28.079> over<00:01:28.360> 5<00:01:28.600> years<00:01:29.400> but<00:01:29.520> on<00:01:29.720> Pine
again and again over 5 years but on Pine
again and again over 5 years but on Pine
Ridge<00:01:30.720> I<00:01:30.799> will<00:01:31.000> always<00:01:31.320> be<00:01:31.680> what<00:01:31.799> is<00:01:31.960> called
Ridge I will always be what is called
Ridge I will always be what is called
wasichu<00:01:33.840> wasichu<00:01:34.799> is<00:01:34.920> a<00:01:35.040> Lakota<00:01:35.920> word<00:01:36.920> that
wasichu wasichu is a Lakota word that
wasichu wasichu is a Lakota word that
means<00:01:37.520> non-<00:01:38.000> Indian<00:01:39.000> but<00:01:39.159> another<00:01:39.520> version<00:01:39.840> of
means non- Indian but another version of
means non- Indian but another version of
this<00:01:40.240> word<00:01:41.079> means<00:01:41.479> the<00:01:41.600> one<00:01:41.840> who<00:01:42.040> takes<00:01:42.360> the
this word means the one who takes the
this word means the one who takes the
best<00:01:42.799> meat<00:01:43.280> for<00:01:43.680> himself<00:01:44.680> and<00:01:44.799> that's<00:01:44.960> what<00:01:45.079> I
best meat for himself and that's what I
best meat for himself and that's what I
want<00:01:45.240> to<00:01:45.399> focus<00:01:45.680> on<00:01:46.439> the<00:01:46.520> one<00:01:46.680> who<00:01:46.880> takes<00:01:47.200> the
want to focus on the one who takes the
want to focus on the one who takes the
best<00:01:47.680> part<00:01:47.840> of<00:01:48.000> the<00:01:48.119> meat<00:01:49.040> it<00:01:49.159> means
best part of the meat it means
best part of the meat it means
greedy<00:01:51.280> so<00:01:51.479> take<00:01:51.600> a<00:01:51.719> look<00:01:51.920> around<00:01:52.159> this
greedy so take a look around this
greedy so take a look around this
auditorium<00:01:53.240> today<00:01:54.240> we<00:01:54.360> are<00:01:54.600> at<00:01:54.759> a<00:01:54.960> private
auditorium today we are at a private
auditorium today we are at a private
school<00:01:55.640> in<00:01:55.759> the<00:01:55.880> American<00:01:56.320> West<00:01:57.240> sitting<00:01:57.520> in
school in the American West sitting in
school in the American West sitting in
red<00:01:57.920> velvet<00:01:58.520> chairs<00:01:59.520> with<00:02:00.039> in<00:02:00.119> our
red velvet chairs with in our
red velvet chairs with in our
pockets<00:02:01.960> and<00:02:02.079> if<00:02:02.200> we<00:02:02.360> look<00:02:02.479> at<00:02:02.600> our<00:02:02.880> lives<00:02:03.799> we
pockets and if we look at our lives we
pockets and if we look at our lives we
have<00:02:04.119> indeed<00:02:04.680> taken<00:02:05.439> the<00:02:05.600> best<00:02:05.840> part<00:02:06.000> of<00:02:06.119> the
have indeed taken the best part of the
have indeed taken the best part of the
meat<00:02:07.640> so<00:02:07.880> let's<00:02:08.080> look<00:02:08.280> today<00:02:09.080> at<00:02:09.200> a<00:02:09.319> set<00:02:09.440> of
meat so let's look today at a set of
meat so let's look today at a set of
photographs<00:02:10.720> of<00:02:10.840> a<00:02:11.039> people<00:02:11.280> who<00:02:11.520> lost<00:02:12.400> so<00:02:12.560> that
photographs of a people who lost so that
photographs of a people who lost so that
we<00:02:12.879> could<00:02:13.440> gain<00:02:14.440> and<00:02:14.599> know<00:02:14.840> that<00:02:14.959> when<00:02:15.080> you<00:02:15.200> see
we could gain and know that when you see
we could gain and know that when you see
these<00:02:15.640> people's<00:02:16.599> faces<00:02:17.599> that<00:02:17.760> these<00:02:17.920> are<00:02:18.080> not
these people's faces that these are not
these people's faces that these are not
just<00:02:18.480> images<00:02:18.800> of<00:02:19.280> Lakota<00:02:20.280> they<00:02:20.440> stand<00:02:20.720> for<00:02:20.920> all
just images of Lakota they stand for all
just images of Lakota they stand for all
indigenous
people<00:02:25.680> on<00:02:25.879> this<00:02:26.080> piece<00:02:26.280> of<00:02:26.480> paper<00:02:27.400> is<00:02:27.560> the
people on this piece of paper is the
people on this piece of paper is the
history<00:02:28.080> the<00:02:28.200> way<00:02:28.400> I<00:02:28.519> learned<00:02:28.840> it<00:02:29.360> from<00:02:29.519> my<00:02:29.959> Cod
history the way I learned it from my Cod
history the way I learned it from my Cod
of<00:02:30.200> friends<00:02:30.400> and
of friends and
of friends and
family<00:02:32.879> the<00:02:33.000> following<00:02:33.319> is<00:02:33.440> a<00:02:33.680> timeline<00:02:34.360> of
family the following is a timeline of
family the following is a timeline of
treaties<00:02:35.000> made<00:02:35.840> treaties<00:02:36.280> broken<00:02:37.200> and
treaties made treaties broken and
treaties made treaties broken and
massacres<00:02:38.040> disguised<00:02:38.560> as<00:02:38.920> battles<00:02:39.920> I'll
massacres disguised as battles I'll
massacres disguised as battles I'll
begin<00:02:40.280> in
begin in
begin in
1824<00:02:42.239> what<00:02:42.360> is<00:02:42.480> known<00:02:42.720> as<00:02:42.840> the<00:02:42.959> Bureau<00:02:43.239> of
1824 what is known as the Bureau of
1824 what is known as the Bureau of
Indian<00:02:43.680> Affairs<00:02:44.120> was<00:02:44.280> created<00:02:44.680> within<00:02:44.920> the
Indian Affairs was created within the
Indian Affairs was created within the
war<00:02:45.319> department<00:02:46.159> setting<00:02:46.480> an<00:02:46.599> early<00:02:46.840> tone<00:02:47.080> of
war department setting an early tone of
war department setting an early tone of
aggression<00:02:47.640> in<00:02:47.720> our<00:02:47.879> dealings<00:02:48.239> with<00:02:48.360> the
aggression in our dealings with the
aggression in our dealings with the
Native<00:02:48.959> Americans
Native Americans
Native Americans
1851<00:02:51.519> the<00:02:51.640> first<00:02:51.879> treaty<00:02:52.200> of<00:02:52.280> fort<00:02:52.480> laramy<00:02:52.920> was
1851 the first treaty of fort laramy was
1851 the first treaty of fort laramy was
made<00:02:53.680> clearly<00:02:54.159> marking<00:02:54.560> the<00:02:54.680> boundaries<00:02:55.040> of
made clearly marking the boundaries of
made clearly marking the boundaries of
the<00:02:55.239> Lakota<00:02:56.000> Nation<00:02:57.000> according<00:02:57.319> to<00:02:57.480> the
the Lakota Nation according to the
the Lakota Nation according to the
treaty<00:02:58.280> those<00:02:58.480> lands<00:02:58.760> are<00:02:58.920> a<00:02:59.080> Sovereign
treaty those lands are a Sovereign
treaty those lands are a Sovereign
Nation
Nation
Nation
if<00:03:00.840> the<00:03:01.000> boundaries<00:03:01.360> of<00:03:01.519> this<00:03:01.640> treaty<00:03:01.959> had
if the boundaries of this treaty had
if the boundaries of this treaty had
held<00:03:02.840> and<00:03:03.000> there<00:03:03.159> is<00:03:03.280> a<00:03:03.440> legal<00:03:03.799> basis<00:03:04.280> that
held and there is a legal basis that
held and there is a legal basis that
they<00:03:04.599> should<00:03:05.519> then<00:03:05.840> this<00:03:06.440> is<00:03:06.599> what<00:03:06.720> the<00:03:06.840> US
they should then this is what the US
they should then this is what the US
would<00:03:07.280> look<00:03:07.480> like
today<00:03:11.080> 10<00:03:11.360> years<00:03:11.599> later<00:03:12.599> the<00:03:12.720> Homestead<00:03:13.200> Act
today 10 years later the Homestead Act
today 10 years later the Homestead Act
signed<00:03:14.159> by<00:03:14.319> President<00:03:14.640> Lincoln<00:03:15.280> Unleashed<00:03:15.760> a
signed by President Lincoln Unleashed a
signed by President Lincoln Unleashed a
flood<00:03:16.080> of<00:03:16.200> white<00:03:16.319> settlers<00:03:16.720> into<00:03:16.959> native
flood of white settlers into native
flood of white settlers into native
lands
lands
lands
1863<00:03:20.360> an<00:03:20.519> uprising<00:03:21.000> of<00:03:21.120> santis<00:03:21.680> su<00:03:21.879> in
1863 an uprising of santis su in
1863 an uprising of santis su in
Minnesota<00:03:22.879> ends<00:03:23.200> with<00:03:23.319> the<00:03:23.440> hanging<00:03:23.799> of<00:03:23.959> 38
Minnesota ends with the hanging of 38
Minnesota ends with the hanging of 38
Sue<00:03:24.840> men<00:03:25.840> the<00:03:26.040> largest<00:03:26.599> mass<00:03:26.959> execution<00:03:27.680> in<00:03:27.840> US
Sue men the largest mass execution in US
Sue men the largest mass execution in US
history<00:03:29.280> the<00:03:29.400> exec<00:03:29.760> ution<00:03:30.000> was<00:03:30.080> ordered<00:03:30.360> by
history the exec ution was ordered by
history the exec ution was ordered by
President<00:03:30.840> Lincoln<00:03:31.599> only<00:03:31.879> two
President Lincoln only two
President Lincoln only two
days<00:03:33.680> after<00:03:33.920> he<00:03:34.040> signed<00:03:34.360> the<00:03:34.480> Emancipation
days after he signed the Emancipation
days after he signed the Emancipation
Proclamation<00:03:38.280> 1866<00:03:39.280> the<00:03:39.400> beginning<00:03:39.720> of<00:03:39.799> the
Proclamation 1866 the beginning of the
Proclamation 1866 the beginning of the
Transcontinental<00:03:40.599> Railroad<00:03:41.439> a<00:03:41.599> new<00:03:42.000> era<00:03:43.000> we
Transcontinental Railroad a new era we
Transcontinental Railroad a new era we
appropriated<00:03:43.680> land<00:03:43.920> for<00:03:44.120> trails<00:03:44.560> and<00:03:44.760> trains
appropriated land for trails and trains
appropriated land for trails and trains
to<00:03:45.319> shortcut<00:03:45.760> through<00:03:45.879> the<00:03:45.959> heart<00:03:46.080> of<00:03:46.159> the
to shortcut through the heart of the
to shortcut through the heart of the
Lakota<00:03:46.640> Nation<00:03:47.560> the<00:03:47.640> treaties<00:03:47.959> were<00:03:48.120> out<00:03:48.239> the
Lakota Nation the treaties were out the
Lakota Nation the treaties were out the
window<00:03:49.480> in<00:03:49.680> response<00:03:50.159> three<00:03:50.400> tribes<00:03:50.720> led<00:03:50.959> by
window in response three tribes led by
window in response three tribes led by
the<00:03:51.159> Lakota<00:03:51.560> Chief<00:03:52.040> redcloud<00:03:53.040> attacked<00:03:53.400> and
the Lakota Chief redcloud attacked and
the Lakota Chief redcloud attacked and
defeated<00:03:53.920> the<00:03:54.040> US<00:03:54.280> Army<00:03:54.599> many<00:03:54.840> times<00:03:55.159> over<00:03:55.840> I
defeated the US Army many times over I
defeated the US Army many times over I
want<00:03:56.040> to<00:03:56.200> repeat<00:03:56.560> that<00:03:56.720> part<00:03:57.200> the<00:03:57.400> Lakota
want to repeat that part the Lakota
want to repeat that part the Lakota
defeat<00:03:58.319> the<00:03:58.439> US<00:03:58.720> Army
defeat the US Army
defeat the US Army
1868<00:04:02.239> the<00:04:02.360> second<00:04:02.599> Fort<00:04:02.879> laramy<00:04:03.280> treaty
1868 the second Fort laramy treaty
1868 the second Fort laramy treaty
clearly<00:04:04.360> guarantees<00:04:05.000> the<00:04:05.159> sovereignty<00:04:05.599> of
clearly guarantees the sovereignty of
clearly guarantees the sovereignty of
the<00:04:05.799> great<00:04:05.959> Sue<00:04:06.280> nation<00:04:06.879> and<00:04:07.000> the<00:04:07.120> lakota's
the great Sue nation and the lakota's
the great Sue nation and the lakota's
ownership<00:04:08.280> of<00:04:08.400> the<00:04:08.519> Sacred<00:04:08.840> Black<00:04:09.120> Hills<00:04:10.120> the
ownership of the Sacred Black Hills the
ownership of the Sacred Black Hills the
government<00:04:10.599> also<00:04:10.879> promises<00:04:11.360> land<00:04:11.640> and
government also promises land and
government also promises land and
hunting<00:04:12.159> rights<00:04:12.400> in<00:04:12.480> the<00:04:12.599> surrounding<00:04:13.040> states
hunting rights in the surrounding states
hunting rights in the surrounding states
we<00:04:14.200> promise<00:04:14.560> that<00:04:14.680> the<00:04:14.799> Powder<00:04:15.120> River<00:04:15.400> Country
we promise that the Powder River Country
we promise that the Powder River Country
will<00:04:16.239> henceforth<00:04:16.720> be<00:04:16.880> closed<00:04:17.199> to<00:04:17.359> all<00:04:17.759> whites
will henceforth be closed to all whites
will henceforth be closed to all whites
the<00:04:18.880> treaty<00:04:19.199> seemed<00:04:19.440> to<00:04:19.560> be<00:04:19.639> a<00:04:19.759> complete
the treaty seemed to be a complete
the treaty seemed to be a complete
victory<00:04:20.440> for<00:04:20.600> Red<00:04:20.799> Cloud<00:04:21.079> in<00:04:21.199> the<00:04:21.320> Sue<00:04:22.320> in<00:04:22.520> fact
victory for Red Cloud in the Sue in fact
victory for Red Cloud in the Sue in fact
this<00:04:23.199> is<00:04:23.360> the<00:04:23.479> only<00:04:23.800> war<00:04:24.040> in<00:04:24.199> American<00:04:25.120> history
this is the only war in American history
this is the only war in American history
in<00:04:26.240> which<00:04:26.400> the<00:04:26.520> government<00:04:26.919> negotiated<00:04:27.600> a
in which the government negotiated a
in which the government negotiated a
Peace<00:04:28.360> by<00:04:28.520> conceding<00:04:29.199> everything<00:04:29.880> demanded
Peace by conceding everything demanded
Peace by conceding everything demanded
by<00:04:30.479> the
enemy<00:04:34.440> 1869<00:04:35.440> the<00:04:35.600> Transcontinental<00:04:36.240> Railroad
enemy 1869 the Transcontinental Railroad
enemy 1869 the Transcontinental Railroad
was<00:04:36.800> completed<00:04:37.720> it<00:04:37.840> began<00:04:38.120> carrying<00:04:38.479> among
was completed it began carrying among
was completed it began carrying among
other<00:04:38.919> things<00:04:39.800> large<00:04:40.080> numbers<00:04:40.360> of<00:04:40.520> hunters
other things large numbers of hunters
other things large numbers of hunters
who<00:04:41.320> began<00:04:41.600> the<00:04:41.680> wholesale<00:04:42.160> killing<00:04:42.440> of
who began the wholesale killing of
who began the wholesale killing of
Buffalo<00:04:43.560> eliminating<00:04:44.039> a<00:04:44.160> source<00:04:44.400> of<00:04:44.560> food
Buffalo eliminating a source of food
Buffalo eliminating a source of food
clothing<00:04:45.280> and<00:04:45.400> shelter<00:04:45.759> for<00:04:45.919> the<00:04:46.199> Sue
clothing and shelter for the Sue
clothing and shelter for the Sue
1871<00:04:48.919> the<00:04:49.039> Indian<00:04:49.360> appropriation<00:04:50.120> act<00:04:50.639> makes
1871 the Indian appropriation act makes
1871 the Indian appropriation act makes
all<00:04:51.120> Indians<00:04:51.600> Wards<00:04:51.960> of<00:04:52.080> the<00:04:52.199> federal
all Indians Wards of the federal
all Indians Wards of the federal
government<00:04:53.680> in<00:04:53.800> addition<00:04:54.479> the<00:04:54.600> military
government in addition the military
government in addition the military
issued<00:04:55.360> orders<00:04:55.600> forbidding<00:04:56.039> western<00:04:56.320> Indians
issued orders forbidding western Indians
issued orders forbidding western Indians
from<00:04:56.880> leaving
from leaving
from leaving
reservations<00:04:59.400> all<00:04:59.759> western<00:05:00.039> Indians<00:05:00.400> at<00:05:00.520> that
reservations all western Indians at that
reservations all western Indians at that
point<00:05:00.840> in<00:05:01.039> time<00:05:01.800> were<00:05:02.000> now<00:05:02.199> prisoners<00:05:02.600> of<00:05:03.240> War
point in time were now prisoners of War
point in time were now prisoners of War
also<00:05:04.479> in<00:05:04.600> 1871<00:05:05.600> we<00:05:05.720> ended<00:05:06.000> the<00:05:06.120> time<00:05:06.280> of<00:05:06.440> treaty
also in 1871 we ended the time of treaty
also in 1871 we ended the time of treaty
making<00:05:07.759> problem<00:05:07.919> with<00:05:08.080> treaties<00:05:08.720> is<00:05:08.840> that
making problem with treaties is that
making problem with treaties is that
they<00:05:09.080> allow<00:05:09.320> tribes<00:05:09.600> to<00:05:09.759> exist<00:05:09.960> as<00:05:10.120> Sovereign
they allow tribes to exist as Sovereign
they allow tribes to exist as Sovereign
Nations<00:05:11.240> and<00:05:11.360> we<00:05:11.479> can't<00:05:11.680> have<00:05:11.919> that<00:05:12.520> we<00:05:12.680> had
Nations and we can't have that we had
Nations and we can't have that we had
plans<00:05:15.039> 1874<00:05:16.039> General<00:05:16.360> George<00:05:16.639> kuster
plans 1874 General George kuster
plans 1874 General George kuster
announced<00:05:17.320> the<00:05:17.560> discovery<00:05:17.759> of<00:05:17.880> gold<00:05:18.080> in
announced the discovery of gold in
announced the discovery of gold in
Lakota<00:05:18.680> territory<00:05:19.600> specifically<00:05:20.080> the<00:05:20.240> Black
Lakota territory specifically the Black
Lakota territory specifically the Black
Hills<00:05:21.360> the<00:05:21.479> news<00:05:21.639> of<00:05:21.840> gold<00:05:22.080> creates<00:05:22.400> a<00:05:22.560> massive
Hills the news of gold creates a massive
Hills the news of gold creates a massive
influx<00:05:23.280> of<00:05:23.400> white<00:05:23.600> settlers<00:05:24.000> into<00:05:24.160> the<00:05:24.240> Lakota
influx of white settlers into the Lakota
influx of white settlers into the Lakota
Nation<00:05:26.039> kuster<00:05:26.400> recommends<00:05:26.840> that<00:05:27.000> Congress
Nation kuster recommends that Congress
Nation kuster recommends that Congress
find<00:05:27.520> a<00:05:27.600> way<00:05:27.720> to<00:05:27.800> end<00:05:27.960> the<00:05:28.080> treaties<00:05:28.400> with<00:05:28.520> the
find a way to end the treaties with the
find a way to end the treaties with the
Lakota<00:05:29.360> as<00:05:29.720> soon<00:05:29.840> as<00:05:30.360> possible<00:05:31.840> 1875<00:05:32.840> the
Lakota as soon as possible 1875 the
Lakota as soon as possible 1875 the
Lakota<00:05:33.440> war<00:05:33.680> begins<00:05:34.360> over<00:05:34.560> the<00:05:34.720> violation<00:05:35.280> of
Lakota war begins over the violation of
Lakota war begins over the violation of
the<00:05:35.479> fort<00:05:35.680> laramy
the fort laramy
the fort laramy
treaty
treaty
treaty
1876<00:05:39.600> on<00:05:39.800> July<00:05:40.280> 26th<00:05:41.280> on<00:05:41.440> its<00:05:41.600> way<00:05:41.759> to<00:05:41.919> attack<00:05:42.199> a
1876 on July 26th on its way to attack a
1876 on July 26th on its way to attack a
Lakota<00:05:42.759> Village<00:05:43.520> kuster's<00:05:43.960> seventh<00:05:44.319> Cavalry
Lakota Village kuster's seventh Cavalry
Lakota Village kuster's seventh Cavalry
was<00:05:45.160> crushed<00:05:45.560> the<00:05:45.720> battle<00:05:45.919> of<00:05:46.000> the<00:05:46.120> Little<00:05:46.280> Big
was crushed the battle of the Little Big
was crushed the battle of the Little Big
Horn
Horn
Horn
1877<00:05:49.880> the<00:05:50.000> great<00:05:50.199> Lakota<00:05:50.639> Warrior<00:05:50.960> and<00:05:51.199> chief
1877 the great Lakota Warrior and chief
1877 the great Lakota Warrior and chief
named<00:05:52.000> Crazy<00:05:52.400> Horse<00:05:52.960> surrendered<00:05:53.440> at<00:05:53.520> Fort
named Crazy Horse surrendered at Fort
named Crazy Horse surrendered at Fort
Robinson<00:05:55.080> he<00:05:55.199> was<00:05:55.319> later<00:05:55.560> killed<00:05:55.840> while<00:05:56.000> in
Robinson he was later killed while in
Robinson he was later killed while in
custody
1877<00:06:02.600> is<00:06:02.759> also<00:06:02.960> the<00:06:03.080> year<00:06:03.240> we<00:06:03.360> found<00:06:03.479> a<00:06:03.600> way<00:06:03.720> to
1877 is also the year we found a way to
1877 is also the year we found a way to
get<00:06:03.919> around<00:06:04.120> the<00:06:04.240> fort<00:06:04.440> laramy<00:06:04.960> treaties<00:06:05.960> a
get around the fort laramy treaties a
get around the fort laramy treaties a
new<00:06:06.240> agreement<00:06:06.599> was<00:06:06.759> presented<00:06:07.160> to<00:06:07.280> sue
new agreement was presented to sue
new agreement was presented to sue
Chiefs<00:06:07.919> and<00:06:08.039> their<00:06:08.160> Leading<00:06:08.440> Men<00:06:08.960> under<00:06:09.160> a
Chiefs and their Leading Men under a
Chiefs and their Leading Men under a
campaign<00:06:09.680> known<00:06:09.919> as<00:06:10.039> seller<00:06:10.280> or<00:06:10.599> starve<00:06:11.599> sign
campaign known as seller or starve sign
campaign known as seller or starve sign
the<00:06:12.080> paper<00:06:12.599> or<00:06:12.800> no<00:06:12.960> food<00:06:13.160> for<00:06:13.319> your<00:06:13.520> tribe<00:06:14.479> only
the paper or no food for your tribe only
the paper or no food for your tribe only
10%<00:06:15.240> of<00:06:15.360> the<00:06:15.479> adult<00:06:15.759> male<00:06:16.080> population<00:06:16.800> signed
10% of the adult male population signed
10% of the adult male population signed
the<00:06:17.919> fort<00:06:18.160> laramy<00:06:18.599> treaty<00:06:18.880> called<00:06:19.120> for<00:06:19.280> at
the fort laramy treaty called for at
the fort laramy treaty called for at
least<00:06:19.759> three4<00:06:20.759> of<00:06:20.880> the<00:06:21.039> tribe<00:06:21.280> to<00:06:21.400> sign<00:06:21.639> away
least three4 of the tribe to sign away
least three4 of the tribe to sign away
land<00:06:23.599> that<00:06:23.759> Clause<00:06:24.120> was<00:06:24.319> obviously<00:06:25.039> ignored
land that Clause was obviously ignored
land that Clause was obviously ignored
1887<00:06:27.639> the<00:06:27.800> Daws<00:06:28.240> act<00:06:29.080> communal<00:06:29.400> own<00:06:29.560> ownership
1887 the Daws act communal own ownership
1887 the Daws act communal own ownership
of<00:06:29.960> reservation<00:06:30.440> lands<00:06:30.840> ends<00:06:31.720> reservations
of reservation lands ends reservations
of reservation lands ends reservations
are<00:06:32.360> cut<00:06:32.520> up<00:06:32.680> into<00:06:33.319> 160<00:06:33.680> acre<00:06:34.039> sections<00:06:34.759> and
are cut up into 160 acre sections and
are cut up into 160 acre sections and
distributed<00:06:35.400> to<00:06:35.560> individual<00:06:35.960> Indians<00:06:36.800> with<00:06:36.919> a
distributed to individual Indians with a
distributed to individual Indians with a
surplus<00:06:37.560> disposed<00:06:38.039> of<00:06:38.800> tribes<00:06:39.160> lost<00:06:39.440> millions
surplus disposed of tribes lost millions
surplus disposed of tribes lost millions
of
of
of
Acres<00:06:41.599> the<00:06:41.720> American<00:06:42.120> dream<00:06:42.440> of<00:06:42.599> individual
Acres the American dream of individual
Acres the American dream of individual
land<00:06:43.280> ownership<00:06:43.880> turned<00:06:44.120> out<00:06:44.240> to<00:06:44.360> be<00:06:44.479> a<00:06:44.599> very
land ownership turned out to be a very
land ownership turned out to be a very
clever<00:06:45.199> way<00:06:45.840> to<00:06:46.039> divide<00:06:46.360> the<00:06:46.520> reservation
clever way to divide the reservation
clever way to divide the reservation
until<00:06:47.840> nothing<00:06:48.080> was<00:06:48.319> left<00:06:49.280> the<00:06:49.400> move
until nothing was left the move
until nothing was left the move
destroyed<00:06:50.080> the<00:06:50.240> reservations<00:06:51.240> making<00:06:51.479> it
destroyed the reservations making it
destroyed the reservations making it
easier<00:06:51.880> to<00:06:52.039> further<00:06:52.360> subdivide<00:06:53.199> and<00:06:53.319> to<00:06:53.560> sell
easier to further subdivide and to sell
easier to further subdivide and to sell
with<00:06:54.400> every<00:06:54.680> passing<00:06:55.479> generation<00:06:56.479> most<00:06:56.680> of
with every passing generation most of
with every passing generation most of
the<00:06:56.919> Surplus<00:06:57.520> land<00:06:58.160> and<00:06:58.319> many<00:06:58.520> of<00:06:58.639> the<00:06:58.759> plots
the Surplus land and many of the plots
the Surplus land and many of the plots
within<00:06:59.319> res<00:06:59.560> reservation<00:07:00.039> boundaries<00:07:00.800> are
within res reservation boundaries are
within res reservation boundaries are
now<00:07:01.120> in<00:07:01.240> the<00:07:01.360> hands<00:07:01.599> of<00:07:01.759> white<00:07:02.400> ranchers<00:07:03.400> once
now in the hands of white ranchers once
now in the hands of white ranchers once
again<00:07:04.400> the<00:07:04.520> fat<00:07:04.759> of<00:07:04.879> the<00:07:05.039> land<00:07:05.360> goes<00:07:05.560> to
again the fat of the land goes to
again the fat of the land goes to
wasichu<00:07:08.000> 1890<00:07:09.000> a<00:07:09.160> date<00:07:09.400> I<00:07:09.479> believe<00:07:09.800> to<00:07:09.879> be<00:07:10.080> the
wasichu 1890 a date I believe to be the
wasichu 1890 a date I believe to be the
most<00:07:10.440> important<00:07:10.840> in<00:07:11.000> this<00:07:11.520> slideshow<00:07:12.520> this<00:07:12.639> is
most important in this slideshow this is
most important in this slideshow this is
the<00:07:12.919> year<00:07:13.080> of<00:07:13.199> the<00:07:13.280> Wounded<00:07:13.639> the
the year of the Wounded the
the year of the Wounded the
massacre<00:07:15.560> on<00:07:15.680> December<00:07:16.039> 29th<00:07:16.960> US<00:07:17.280> troops
massacre on December 29th US troops
massacre on December 29th US troops
surrounded<00:07:18.000> a<00:07:18.120> sue<00:07:18.360> encampment<00:07:18.879> at<00:07:19.000> Wounded
surrounded a sue encampment at Wounded
surrounded a sue encampment at Wounded
NE<00:07:19.560> Creek<00:07:20.160> and<00:07:20.319> massacred<00:07:20.879> Chief<00:07:21.160> Bigfoot<00:07:21.960> and
NE Creek and massacred Chief Bigfoot and
NE Creek and massacred Chief Bigfoot and
300<00:07:22.560> prisoners<00:07:22.919> of<00:07:23.199> War<00:07:24.199> using<00:07:24.479> a<00:07:24.599> new<00:07:24.840> rapid
300 prisoners of War using a new rapid
300 prisoners of War using a new rapid
fire<00:07:25.440> weapon<00:07:26.080> that<00:07:26.199> fired<00:07:26.560> exploding<00:07:27.000> shells
fire weapon that fired exploding shells
fire weapon that fired exploding shells
called<00:07:27.919> a<00:07:28.039> hotkis<00:07:28.560> gun<00:07:29.720> for<00:07:29.960> this<00:07:30.080> so-called
called a hotkis gun for this so-called
called a hotkis gun for this so-called
battle<00:07:31.440> 20<00:07:32.039> Congressional<00:07:32.599> Medals<00:07:32.919> of<00:07:33.080> Honor
battle 20 Congressional Medals of Honor
battle 20 Congressional Medals of Honor
for<00:07:33.639> Valor<00:07:34.360> were<00:07:34.599> given<00:07:34.840> to<00:07:35.000> the<00:07:35.160> seventh
for Valor were given to the seventh
for Valor were given to the seventh
Cavalry<00:07:37.720> to<00:07:37.960> this
Cavalry to this
Cavalry to this
day<00:07:40.319> this<00:07:40.440> is<00:07:40.599> the<00:07:40.720> most<00:07:40.960> Medals<00:07:41.280> of<00:07:41.560> Honor
day this is the most Medals of Honor
day this is the most Medals of Honor
ever<00:07:42.800> awarded<00:07:43.199> for<00:07:43.319> a<00:07:43.440> single
ever awarded for a single
ever awarded for a single
battle<00:07:45.280> more<00:07:45.560> Medals<00:07:45.840> of<00:07:45.960> Honor<00:07:46.240> were<00:07:46.440> given
battle more Medals of Honor were given
battle more Medals of Honor were given
for<00:07:46.840> the<00:07:47.000> indiscriminate<00:07:47.639> Slaughter<00:07:48.159> of
for the indiscriminate Slaughter of
for the indiscriminate Slaughter of
women<00:07:48.560> and<00:07:48.759> children<00:07:49.520> than<00:07:49.680> for<00:07:49.919> any<00:07:50.199> battle
women and children than for any battle
women and children than for any battle
in<00:07:50.960> World<00:07:51.240> War<00:07:51.440> I<00:07:52.400> World<00:07:52.680> War<00:07:52.879> II<00:07:54.039> Korea
in World War I World War II Korea
in World War I World War II Korea
Vietnam<00:07:56.159> Iraq<00:07:56.919> or<00:07:57.159> Afghanistan
Vietnam Iraq or Afghanistan
Vietnam Iraq or Afghanistan
the<00:08:00.159> wounded<00:08:00.479> KNE<00:08:00.680> Massacre<00:08:01.240> is<00:08:01.440> considered
the wounded KNE Massacre is considered
the wounded KNE Massacre is considered
the<00:08:02.159> end<00:08:02.360> of<00:08:02.440> the<00:08:02.560> Indian
the end of the Indian
the end of the Indian
Wars<00:08:05.080> whenever<00:08:05.400> I<00:08:05.560> visit<00:08:05.800> the<00:08:05.960> site<00:08:06.159> of<00:08:06.240> the
Wars whenever I visit the site of the
Wars whenever I visit the site of the
mass<00:08:06.680> grave<00:08:06.919> a<00:08:07.039> wounded<00:08:07.680> KNE<00:08:08.680> I<00:08:08.759> see<00:08:08.960> it<00:08:09.159> not
mass grave a wounded KNE I see it not
mass grave a wounded KNE I see it not
just<00:08:09.560> as<00:08:09.639> a<00:08:09.840> grave<00:08:10.680> for<00:08:10.840> the<00:08:10.960> Lakota<00:08:11.520> or<00:08:11.680> for
just as a grave for the Lakota or for
just as a grave for the Lakota or for
the<00:08:12.039> Sue<00:08:13.039> but<00:08:13.159> as<00:08:13.280> a<00:08:13.400> grave<00:08:13.639> for<00:08:13.759> all
the Sue but as a grave for all
the Sue but as a grave for all
indigenous
peoples<00:08:18.560> the<00:08:18.680> holy<00:08:18.919> man<00:08:19.159> blackk<00:08:20.159> said<00:08:21.159> I<00:08:21.280> did
peoples the holy man blackk said I did
peoples the holy man blackk said I did
not<00:08:21.639> know<00:08:21.919> then<00:08:22.479> how<00:08:22.639> much<00:08:22.840> was
not know then how much was
not know then how much was
ended<00:08:25.000> when<00:08:25.159> I<00:08:25.319> look<00:08:25.560> back<00:08:25.800> now<00:08:26.080> from<00:08:26.280> this
ended when I look back now from this
ended when I look back now from this
high<00:08:26.680> hill<00:08:26.919> of<00:08:27.080> my<00:08:27.199> old<00:08:27.560> age<00:08:28.560> I<00:08:28.639> can<00:08:28.800> still<00:08:29.000> see
high hill of my old age I can still see
high hill of my old age I can still see
the<00:08:29.479> butchered<00:08:29.800> women<00:08:30.000> and<00:08:30.199> children<00:08:31.120> lying
the butchered women and children lying
the butchered women and children lying
heaped<00:08:31.840> and<00:08:32.120> Scattered<00:08:33.120> All<00:08:33.320> Along<00:08:33.640> The
heaped and Scattered All Along The
heaped and Scattered All Along The
Crooked
Gulch<00:08:39.159> as<00:08:39.399> plain<00:08:40.000> as<00:08:40.120> when<00:08:40.320> I<00:08:40.440> saw<00:08:40.800> them<00:08:41.000> with
Gulch as plain as when I saw them with
Gulch as plain as when I saw them with
eyes<00:08:41.560> still
young<00:08:46.360> and<00:08:46.480> I<00:08:46.600> can<00:08:46.760> see<00:08:47.080> that<00:08:47.240> something<00:08:47.519> else
young and I can see that something else
young and I can see that something else
died<00:08:48.279> there<00:08:48.440> in<00:08:48.560> the<00:08:48.720> bloody
died there in the bloody
died there in the bloody
mud<00:08:51.240> and<00:08:51.399> was<00:08:51.600> buried<00:08:52.000> in<00:08:52.080> the
mud and was buried in the
mud and was buried in the
blizzard<00:08:54.720> a<00:08:54.880> people's<00:08:55.360> dream<00:08:55.800> died
blizzard a people's dream died
blizzard a people's dream died
there<00:08:57.800> and<00:08:57.920> it<00:08:58.079> was<00:08:58.200> a<00:08:58.399> beautiful<00:08:58.920> dream
with<00:09:02.720> this<00:09:02.959> event<00:09:03.880> a<00:09:04.040> new<00:09:04.360> era<00:09:04.680> in<00:09:04.839> Native
with this event a new era in Native
with this event a new era in Native
American<00:09:05.640> history
American history
American history
began<00:09:07.959> everything<00:09:08.720> can<00:09:08.880> be<00:09:09.079> measured<00:09:09.920> before
began everything can be measured before
began everything can be measured before
Wounded<00:09:10.760> Knee<00:09:11.240> and<00:09:11.720> after<00:09:12.720> because<00:09:12.920> it<00:09:13.040> was<00:09:13.160> in
Wounded Knee and after because it was in
Wounded Knee and after because it was in
this<00:09:13.560> moment<00:09:14.519> with<00:09:14.640> the<00:09:14.800> fingers<00:09:15.240> on<00:09:15.440> the
this moment with the fingers on the
this moment with the fingers on the
triggers<00:09:15.920> of<00:09:16.040> the<00:09:16.160> hotus<00:09:16.760> guns<00:09:17.760> that<00:09:17.920> the<00:09:18.040> US
triggers of the hotus guns that the US
triggers of the hotus guns that the US
government<00:09:18.800> openly<00:09:19.240> declared<00:09:19.720> its<00:09:19.959> position
government openly declared its position
government openly declared its position
on<00:09:20.600> Native<00:09:21.160> rights<00:09:22.160> they<00:09:22.279> were<00:09:22.519> tired<00:09:22.800> of
on Native rights they were tired of
on Native rights they were tired of
treaties<00:09:24.120> they<00:09:24.240> were<00:09:24.440> tired<00:09:24.680> of<00:09:24.880> sacred<00:09:25.279> Hills
treaties they were tired of sacred Hills
treaties they were tired of sacred Hills
they<00:09:26.120> were<00:09:26.279> tired<00:09:26.519> of<00:09:26.720> ghost
they were tired of ghost
they were tired of ghost
dances<00:09:29.000> they<00:09:29.079> were<00:09:29.399> tired<00:09:29.560> of<00:09:29.720> all<00:09:29.880> the
dances they were tired of all the
dances they were tired of all the
inconveniences<00:09:30.760> of<00:09:30.880> the
inconveniences of the
inconveniences of the
Sue<00:09:32.560> so<00:09:32.720> they<00:09:32.839> brought<00:09:33.040> out<00:09:33.200> their
Sue so they brought out their
Sue so they brought out their
cannons<00:09:35.920> you<00:09:36.040> want<00:09:36.160> to<00:09:36.279> be<00:09:36.360> an<00:09:36.519> idian<00:09:36.920> now<00:09:37.200> they
cannons you want to be an idian now they
cannons you want to be an idian now they
said<00:09:38.279> finger<00:09:38.600> on<00:09:38.760> the
trigger
trigger
trigger
1900<00:09:47.839> the<00:09:47.959> US<00:09:48.200> Indian<00:09:48.720> population<00:09:49.560> reached
1900 the US Indian population reached
1900 the US Indian population reached
its<00:09:50.040> low<00:09:50.480> point<00:09:51.480> less<00:09:51.640> than
its low point less than
its low point less than
250,000<00:09:53.920> compared<00:09:54.279> to<00:09:54.399> an<00:09:54.560> estimated<00:09:55.040> 8
250,000 compared to an estimated 8
250,000 compared to an estimated 8
million<00:09:56.240> in<00:09:56.399> 1492
fast
fast
fast
forward
forward
forward
1980<00:10:03.480> the<00:10:03.640> longest<00:10:03.959> running<00:10:04.240> court<00:10:04.519> case<00:10:04.720> in
1980 the longest running court case in
1980 the longest running court case in
US<00:10:05.279> history<00:10:06.279> the<00:10:06.399> Sue<00:10:06.720> Nation<00:10:07.079> versus<00:10:07.519> the
US history the Sue Nation versus the
US history the Sue Nation versus the
United<00:10:08.040> States<00:10:08.800> was<00:10:08.959> ruled<00:10:09.360> upon<00:10:10.000> by<00:10:10.160> the<00:10:10.240> US
United States was ruled upon by the US
United States was ruled upon by the US
Supreme
Supreme
Supreme
Court<00:10:12.560> the<00:10:12.680> court<00:10:12.959> determined<00:10:13.760> that<00:10:13.880> when<00:10:14.000> the
Court the court determined that when the
Court the court determined that when the
Sue<00:10:14.320> were<00:10:14.440> resettled<00:10:14.839> under<00:10:15.120> reservations
Sue were resettled under reservations
Sue were resettled under reservations
and<00:10:16.320> 7<00:10:16.720> million<00:10:17.120> Acres<00:10:17.480> of<00:10:17.640> their<00:10:17.839> land<00:10:18.519> were
and 7 million Acres of their land were
and 7 million Acres of their land were
opened<00:10:19.000> up<00:10:19.120> to<00:10:19.360> Prospectors<00:10:19.880> and
opened up to Prospectors and
opened up to Prospectors and
homesteaders<00:10:21.279> the<00:10:21.399> terms<00:10:21.720> of<00:10:21.880> the<00:10:22.000> second
homesteaders the terms of the second
homesteaders the terms of the second
Fort<00:10:22.519> laramy<00:10:22.959> treaty<00:10:23.880> had<00:10:24.040> been<00:10:24.760> violated<00:10:25.760> the
Fort laramy treaty had been violated the
Fort laramy treaty had been violated the
court<00:10:26.240> stated<00:10:27.000> that<00:10:27.120> the<00:10:27.279> Black<00:10:27.519> Hills<00:10:27.839> were
court stated that the Black Hills were
court stated that the Black Hills were
illegally<00:10:28.680> taken<00:10:29.560> and<00:10:29.680> that<00:10:29.800> the<00:10:29.920> initial
illegally taken and that the initial
illegally taken and that the initial
offering<00:10:30.680> price<00:10:31.320> plus<00:10:31.600> interest<00:10:32.200> should<00:10:32.399> be
offering price plus interest should be
offering price plus interest should be
paid<00:10:32.720> to<00:10:32.839> the<00:10:32.959> Su<00:10:33.640> Nation<00:10:34.640> as<00:10:34.800> payment<00:10:35.079> for<00:10:35.240> the
paid to the Su Nation as payment for the
paid to the Su Nation as payment for the
Black<00:10:35.600> Hills<00:10:36.000> the<00:10:36.120> court<00:10:36.360> awarded<00:10:36.760> only<00:10:37.240> $16
Black Hills the court awarded only $16
Black Hills the court awarded only $16
million<00:10:39.000> to<00:10:39.160> the<00:10:39.279> Sue<00:10:39.560> Nation<00:10:40.560> the<00:10:40.680> Sue
million to the Sue Nation the Sue
million to the Sue Nation the Sue
refused<00:10:41.399> the<00:10:41.480> money<00:10:42.120> with<00:10:42.240> a<00:10:42.360> rallying<00:10:42.920> cry
refused the money with a rallying cry
refused the money with a rallying cry
the<00:10:43.800> Black<00:10:44.040> Hills<00:10:44.320> are<00:10:44.480> not<00:10:44.680> for
the Black Hills are not for
the Black Hills are not for
sale
sale
sale
2010<00:10:48.720> statistics<00:10:49.279> about<00:10:49.519> native<00:10:49.920> population
2010 statistics about native population
2010 statistics about native population
today<00:10:51.399> more<00:10:51.600> than<00:10:51.720> a<00:10:51.920> century<00:10:52.880> after<00:10:53.120> the
today more than a century after the
today more than a century after the
massacre<00:10:53.639> at<00:10:53.760> Wounded<00:10:54.079> KNE<00:10:54.720> reveal<00:10:55.120> the
massacre at Wounded KNE reveal the
massacre at Wounded KNE reveal the
legacy<00:10:55.720> of<00:10:56.200> colonization<00:10:57.200> forced<00:10:57.680> migration
legacy of colonization forced migration
legacy of colonization forced migration
and<00:10:58.680> treaty<00:10:59.000> viol
and treaty viol
and treaty viol
viations<00:11:01.200> unemployment<00:11:01.800> on<00:11:01.880> the<00:11:02.000> Pine<00:11:02.200> Ridge
viations unemployment on the Pine Ridge
viations unemployment on the Pine Ridge
Indian<00:11:02.760> Reservation<00:11:03.639> fluctuates<00:11:04.200> between<00:11:04.440> 85
Indian Reservation fluctuates between 85
Indian Reservation fluctuates between 85
and
and
and
90%<00:11:07.000> the<00:11:07.120> housing<00:11:07.600> office<00:11:07.920> is<00:11:08.040> unable<00:11:08.399> to
90% the housing office is unable to
90% the housing office is unable to
build<00:11:08.800> new<00:11:09.000> structures<00:11:09.760> and<00:11:10.000> existing
build new structures and existing
build new structures and existing
structures<00:11:10.800> are<00:11:10.920> falling<00:11:11.320> apart<00:11:12.320> many<00:11:12.519> are
structures are falling apart many are
structures are falling apart many are
homeless<00:11:13.480> and<00:11:13.639> those<00:11:13.800> with<00:11:13.959> homes<00:11:14.240> are<00:11:14.399> packed
homeless and those with homes are packed
homeless and those with homes are packed
into<00:11:14.880> rotting<00:11:15.279> buildings<00:11:15.959> with<00:11:16.120> up<00:11:16.240> to<00:11:16.440> five
into rotting buildings with up to five
into rotting buildings with up to five
families<00:11:17.920> 39%<00:11:18.760> of<00:11:18.920> homes<00:11:19.200> on<00:11:19.360> Pine<00:11:19.600> Ridge<00:11:20.120> have
families 39% of homes on Pine Ridge have
families 39% of homes on Pine Ridge have
no<00:11:20.880> electricity<00:11:21.880> at<00:11:22.000> least<00:11:22.240> 60%<00:11:22.880> of<00:11:22.959> the<00:11:23.079> homes
no electricity at least 60% of the homes
no electricity at least 60% of the homes
on<00:11:23.480> the<00:11:23.600> reservation<00:11:24.480> are<00:11:24.720> infested<00:11:25.200> with
on the reservation are infested with
on the reservation are infested with
black<00:11:26.040> mold<00:11:27.040> more<00:11:27.240> than<00:11:27.399> 90%<00:11:28.040> of<00:11:28.200> the
black mold more than 90% of the
black mold more than 90% of the
population<00:11:29.320> lives<00:11:29.600> below<00:11:29.920> the<00:11:30.040> federal
population lives below the federal
population lives below the federal
poverty<00:11:31.120> line<00:11:32.120> the<00:11:32.279> tuberculosis<00:11:33.120> rate<00:11:33.320> on
poverty line the tuberculosis rate on
poverty line the tuberculosis rate on
Pine<00:11:33.760> Ridge<00:11:34.279> is<00:11:34.480> approximately<00:11:35.040> eight<00:11:35.320> times
Pine Ridge is approximately eight times
Pine Ridge is approximately eight times
higher<00:11:35.880> than<00:11:36.000> the<00:11:36.120> US<00:11:36.399> national<00:11:36.880> average<00:11:37.880> the
higher than the US national average the
higher than the US national average the
infant<00:11:38.279> mortality<00:11:38.880> rate<00:11:39.399> is<00:11:39.560> the<00:11:39.720> highest<00:11:39.959> on
infant mortality rate is the highest on
infant mortality rate is the highest on
this<00:11:40.360> continent<00:11:41.120> and<00:11:41.240> is<00:11:41.399> about<00:11:41.600> three<00:11:41.839> times
this continent and is about three times
this continent and is about three times
higher<00:11:42.360> than<00:11:42.480> the<00:11:42.600> US<00:11:42.880> national<00:11:43.519> average
higher than the US national average
higher than the US national average
cervical<00:11:45.040> cancer<00:11:45.800> is<00:11:46.079> five<00:11:46.360> times<00:11:46.639> higher
cervical cancer is five times higher
cervical cancer is five times higher
than<00:11:47.040> the<00:11:47.120> US<00:11:47.440> national<00:11:47.920> average<00:11:48.720> the<00:11:48.880> school
than the US national average the school
than the US national average the school
dropout<00:11:49.600> rate<00:11:50.079> is<00:11:50.200> up<00:11:50.360> to
dropout rate is up to
dropout rate is up to
70%<00:11:52.079> teacher<00:11:52.519> turnover<00:11:53.480> is<00:11:53.639> eight<00:11:53.920> times
70% teacher turnover is eight times
70% teacher turnover is eight times
higher<00:11:54.480> than<00:11:54.639> the<00:11:54.760> US<00:11:55.079> national<00:11:55.680> average
higher than the US national average
higher than the US national average
frequently<00:11:57.240> grandparents<00:11:58.000> are<00:11:58.160> raising
frequently grandparents are raising
frequently grandparents are raising
their<00:11:58.639> grandchildren
their grandchildren
their grandchildren
because<00:12:00.560> parents<00:12:01.279> due<00:12:01.440> to<00:12:01.600> alcoholism
because parents due to alcoholism
because parents due to alcoholism
domestic<00:12:02.959> violence<00:12:03.720> and<00:12:03.920> general<00:12:04.360> apathy
domestic violence and general apathy
domestic violence and general apathy
cannot<00:12:05.560> raise
cannot raise
cannot raise
them<00:12:07.399> 50%<00:12:08.040> of<00:12:08.160> the<00:12:08.360> population<00:12:09.079> over<00:12:09.279> the<00:12:09.399> age
them 50% of the population over the age
them 50% of the population over the age
of<00:12:09.720> 40<00:12:10.480> suffers<00:12:10.920> from
of 40 suffers from
of 40 suffers from
diabetes<00:12:12.920> the<00:12:13.120> life<00:12:13.519> expectancy<00:12:14.079> for<00:12:14.279> men<00:12:14.600> is
diabetes the life expectancy for men is
diabetes the life expectancy for men is
between<00:12:16.079> 46<00:12:17.079> and<00:12:17.279> 48<00:12:18.040> years<00:12:18.680> old<00:12:19.680> roughly<00:12:20.160> the
between 46 and 48 years old roughly the
between 46 and 48 years old roughly the
same<00:12:21.000> as<00:12:21.519> Afghanistan<00:12:22.519> and
same as Afghanistan and
same as Afghanistan and
Somalia<00:12:25.519> the<00:12:25.800> last<00:12:26.160> chapter<00:12:26.760> in<00:12:27.000> any
Somalia the last chapter in any
Somalia the last chapter in any
successful<00:12:27.920> genocide<00:12:28.920> is<00:12:29.240> the<00:12:29.360> one<00:12:29.519> in<00:12:29.680> which
successful genocide is the one in which
successful genocide is the one in which
the<00:12:30.079> oppressor<00:12:31.000> can<00:12:31.240> remove<00:12:31.639> their<00:12:31.880> hands<00:12:32.360> and
the oppressor can remove their hands and
the oppressor can remove their hands and
say<00:12:33.680> my<00:12:34.079> God<00:12:34.720> what<00:12:34.839> are<00:12:35.079> these<00:12:35.279> people<00:12:35.560> doing
say my God what are these people doing
say my God what are these people doing
to<00:12:36.240> themselves<00:12:37.079> they're<00:12:37.399> killing<00:12:37.760> each<00:12:37.920> other
to themselves they're killing each other
to themselves they're killing each other
they're<00:12:39.040> killing<00:12:39.720> themselves<00:12:40.720> while<00:12:40.920> we
they're killing themselves while we
they're killing themselves while we
watch<00:12:41.440> them
watch them
watch them
die<00:12:43.680> this<00:12:43.800> is<00:12:44.000> how<00:12:44.199> we<00:12:44.399> came<00:12:44.639> to<00:12:44.800> own<00:12:45.160> these
die this is how we came to own these
die this is how we came to own these
United<00:12:46.079> States<00:12:47.079> this<00:12:47.240> is<00:12:47.399> the<00:12:47.600> legacy<00:12:48.279> of
United States this is the legacy of
United States this is the legacy of
manifest
manifest
manifest
destiny<00:12:50.800> prisoners<00:12:51.399> are<00:12:51.639> still<00:12:51.959> born<00:12:52.880> into
destiny prisoners are still born into
destiny prisoners are still born into
prisoner<00:12:53.560> of<00:12:53.760> war<00:12:54.079> camps<00:12:55.040> long<00:12:55.440> after<00:12:55.680> the
prisoner of war camps long after the
prisoner of war camps long after the
guards<00:12:56.160> are<00:12:56.440> gone
these<00:13:00.000> are<00:13:00.199> the<00:13:00.399> bones<00:13:01.000> left<00:13:01.639> after<00:13:01.920> the<00:13:02.120> best
these are the bones left after the best
these are the bones left after the best
meat<00:13:03.240> has<00:13:03.440> been
taken<00:13:07.240> a<00:13:07.360> long<00:13:07.680> time<00:13:07.920> ago<00:13:08.279> a<00:13:08.480> series<00:13:08.760> of<00:13:08.959> events
taken a long time ago a series of events
taken a long time ago a series of events
was<00:13:09.600> set<00:13:09.800> in<00:13:09.959> motion<00:13:10.560> by<00:13:10.720> a<00:13:10.880> people<00:13:11.079> who<00:13:11.240> look
was set in motion by a people who look
was set in motion by a people who look
like<00:13:11.680> me<00:13:12.600> by<00:13:13.000> wasichu<00:13:14.000> eager<00:13:14.320> to<00:13:14.480> take<00:13:14.680> the
like me by wasichu eager to take the
like me by wasichu eager to take the
land<00:13:15.399> and<00:13:15.560> the<00:13:15.720> water<00:13:16.120> and<00:13:16.240> the<00:13:16.399> gold<00:13:16.639> in<00:13:16.760> the
land and the water and the gold in the
land and the water and the gold in the
Hills<00:13:18.560> those<00:13:18.800> events<00:13:19.120> led<00:13:19.360> to<00:13:19.480> a<00:13:19.639> domino
Hills those events led to a domino
Hills those events led to a domino
effect<00:13:20.399> that<00:13:20.560> has<00:13:20.760> yet<00:13:20.920> to
effect that has yet to
effect that has yet to
end<00:13:22.680> as<00:13:22.920> removed<00:13:23.639> as<00:13:23.839> we<00:13:24.000> the<00:13:24.199> dominant
end as removed as we the dominant
end as removed as we the dominant
Society<00:13:25.320> may
Society may
Society may
feel<00:13:27.440> from<00:13:27.600> a<00:13:27.839> massacre<00:13:28.680> in<00:13:28.800> 18<00:13:29.120> 1990<00:13:29.959> or<00:13:30.199> a
feel from a massacre in 18 1990 or a
feel from a massacre in 18 1990 or a
series<00:13:30.560> of<00:13:30.720> broken<00:13:31.120> treaties<00:13:32.040> 150<00:13:32.920> years<00:13:33.360> ago
series of broken treaties 150 years ago
series of broken treaties 150 years ago
I<00:13:34.480> still<00:13:34.760> have<00:13:34.920> to<00:13:35.199> ask<00:13:35.440> you<00:13:35.639> the
I still have to ask you the
I still have to ask you the
question<00:13:37.399> how<00:13:37.519> should<00:13:37.720> you<00:13:37.880> feel<00:13:38.240> about<00:13:38.440> the
question how should you feel about the
question how should you feel about the
statistics<00:13:39.160> of
statistics of
statistics of
today<00:13:41.279> what<00:13:41.399> is<00:13:41.560> the<00:13:41.720> connection<00:13:42.519> between
today what is the connection between
today what is the connection between
these<00:13:43.000> images<00:13:43.360> of<00:13:43.560> suffering<00:13:44.320> and<00:13:44.480> the
these images of suffering and the
these images of suffering and the
history<00:13:44.959> that<00:13:45.120> I<00:13:45.279> just<00:13:45.440> read<00:13:45.680> to<00:13:46.240> you<00:13:47.240> and<00:13:47.399> how
history that I just read to you and how
history that I just read to you and how
much<00:13:47.720> of<00:13:47.880> this<00:13:48.079> history<00:13:48.480> do<00:13:48.600> you<00:13:48.720> need<00:13:48.920> to<00:13:49.040> own
much of this history do you need to own
much of this history do you need to own
even<00:13:50.759> is<00:13:50.920> any<00:13:51.079> of<00:13:51.240> this<00:13:51.399> your<00:13:51.600> responsibility
even is any of this your responsibility
even is any of this your responsibility
today<00:13:54.639> I<00:13:54.720> have<00:13:54.839> been<00:13:55.040> told<00:13:55.399> that<00:13:55.519> there<00:13:55.680> must
today I have been told that there must
today I have been told that there must
be<00:13:56.000> something<00:13:56.320> we<00:13:56.440> can<00:13:56.639> do<00:13:57.320> there<00:13:57.480> must<00:13:57.720> be
be something we can do there must be
be something we can do there must be
some<00:13:58.480> call<00:13:58.720> to
some call to
some call to
action<00:14:01.040> because<00:14:01.279> for<00:14:01.480> so<00:14:01.720> long<00:14:02.000> I've<00:14:02.160> been
action because for so long I've been
action because for so long I've been
standing<00:14:02.639> on<00:14:02.800> the
standing on the
standing on the
sidelines<00:14:04.519> content<00:14:04.920> to<00:14:05.040> be<00:14:05.160> a<00:14:05.320> witness<00:14:06.240> just
sidelines content to be a witness just
sidelines content to be a witness just
taking
taking
taking
photographs<00:14:09.040> because<00:14:09.279> the<00:14:09.440> solutions<00:14:09.880> seem
photographs because the solutions seem
photographs because the solutions seem
so<00:14:10.519> far<00:14:10.800> in<00:14:10.920> the<00:14:11.160> past<00:14:11.480> I<00:14:11.600> needed<00:14:11.920> nothing
so far in the past I needed nothing
so far in the past I needed nothing
short<00:14:12.839> of<00:14:12.959> a<00:14:13.160> time<00:14:13.399> machine<00:14:13.759> to<00:14:14.000> access
short of a time machine to access
short of a time machine to access
them<00:14:15.959> the<00:14:16.120> suffering<00:14:16.480> of<00:14:16.639> indigenous<00:14:17.199> peoples
them the suffering of indigenous peoples
them the suffering of indigenous peoples
is<00:14:18.440> not<00:14:19.440> a<00:14:19.600> simple<00:14:19.959> issue<00:14:20.240> to<00:14:20.880> fix<00:14:21.880> it's<00:14:22.040> not
is not a simple issue to fix it's not
is not a simple issue to fix it's not
something<00:14:22.480> everyone<00:14:22.759> can<00:14:22.920> get<00:14:23.199> behind<00:14:23.920> the
something everyone can get behind the
something everyone can get behind the
way<00:14:24.199> they<00:14:24.320> get<00:14:24.480> behind<00:14:24.800> helping<00:14:25.120> Haiti<00:14:25.839> or
way they get behind helping Haiti or
way they get behind helping Haiti or
ending<00:14:26.399> AIDS<00:14:27.079> or<00:14:27.240> fighting<00:14:27.560> a<00:14:28.040> famine<00:14:29.120> the<00:14:29.279> fix
ending AIDS or fighting a famine the fix
ending AIDS or fighting a famine the fix
as<00:14:30.000> it's<00:14:30.240> called<00:14:31.000> may<00:14:31.160> be<00:14:31.360> much<00:14:31.519> more
as it's called may be much more
as it's called may be much more
difficult<00:14:32.120> for<00:14:32.240> the<00:14:32.399> dominant<00:14:32.880> Society<00:14:33.720> than
difficult for the dominant Society than
difficult for the dominant Society than
say<00:14:34.079> a<00:14:34.120> $50<00:14:34.959> check<00:14:35.959> or<00:14:36.120> a<00:14:36.279> church<00:14:36.600> trip<00:14:36.920> to
say a $50 check or a church trip to
say a $50 check or a church trip to
paint<00:14:37.360> some<00:14:37.519> graffiti<00:14:38.040> covered<00:14:38.399> houses<00:14:39.320> or<00:14:39.480> a
paint some graffiti covered houses or a
paint some graffiti covered houses or a
Suburban<00:14:40.240> family<00:14:40.959> donating<00:14:41.399> a<00:14:41.560> box<00:14:41.720> of
Suburban family donating a box of
Suburban family donating a box of
clothes<00:14:42.320> they<00:14:42.440> don't<00:14:42.600> even<00:14:42.839> want<00:14:43.560> anymore<00:14:44.560> so
clothes they don't even want anymore so
clothes they don't even want anymore so
what<00:14:44.880> does<00:14:45.079> that<00:14:45.199> leave<00:14:45.480> us<00:14:46.480> shrugging<00:14:46.920> our
what does that leave us shrugging our
what does that leave us shrugging our
shoulders<00:14:47.480> in<00:14:47.639> the
shoulders in the
shoulders in the
dark<00:14:50.320> the<00:14:50.440> United<00:14:50.800> States<00:14:51.199> continues<00:14:52.120> on<00:14:52.279> a
dark the United States continues on a
dark the United States continues on a
daily<00:14:52.839> basis<00:14:53.600> to<00:14:53.880> violate<00:14:54.360> the<00:14:54.480> terms<00:14:54.880> of<00:14:55.040> the
daily basis to violate the terms of the
daily basis to violate the terms of the
1851<00:14:56.399> and<00:14:56.560> 1868<00:14:57.440> Fort<00:14:57.680> laramy<00:14:58.079> treaties<00:14:58.440> with
1851 and 1868 Fort laramy treaties with
1851 and 1868 Fort laramy treaties with
the<00:14:58.639> Lakota
the Lakota
the Lakota
the<00:15:00.240> call<00:15:00.480> to<00:15:00.720> action<00:15:01.160> I<00:15:01.360> offer
the call to action I offer
the call to action I offer
today<00:15:03.320> my<00:15:03.560> Ted<00:15:03.839> wish<00:15:04.320> is
today my Ted wish is
today my Ted wish is
this<00:15:06.639> honor<00:15:07.000> the<00:15:07.560> treaties<00:15:08.560> give<00:15:08.800> back<00:15:09.079> the
this honor the treaties give back the
this honor the treaties give back the
Black<00:15:09.639> Hills<00:15:10.639> it's<00:15:10.839> not<00:15:11.000> your<00:15:11.199> business<00:15:11.560> what
Black Hills it's not your business what
Black Hills it's not your business what
they<00:15:11.839> do<00:15:12.000> with<00:15:12.160> them
[Applause]
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